[deliverable/binutils-gdb.git] / cpu / ip2k.cpu

; Ubicom IP2K CPU description.  -*- Scheme -*-
; Copyright (C) 2002, 2009, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
;
; Contributed by Red Hat Inc;
;
; This file is part of the GNU Binutils.
;
; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
; (at your option) any later version.
;
; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
; GNU General Public License for more details.
;
; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
; along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
; Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
; MA 02110-1301, USA.

(define-rtl-version 0 8)

(include "simplify.inc")

; define-arch must appear first

(define-arch
  (name ip2k) ; name of cpu family
  (comment "Ubicom IP2000 family")
  (default-alignment aligned)
  (insn-lsb0? #t)
  (machs ip2022 ip2022ext)
  (isas ip2k)
)

; Attributes.

(define-attr
  (for insn)
  (type boolean)
  (name EXT-SKIP-INSN)
  (comment "instruction is a PAGE, LOADL, LOADH or BREAKX instruction")
)

(define-attr
  (for insn)
  (type boolean)
  (name SKIPA)
  (comment "instruction is a SKIP instruction")
)

; Instruction set parameters.

(define-isa
  (name ip2k)
  (comment "Ubicom IP2000 ISA")

  (default-insn-word-bitsize 16)
  (default-insn-bitsize 16)
  (base-insn-bitsize 16)
)
\f
; Cpu family definitions.


(define-cpu
  ; cpu names must be distinct from the architecture name and machine names.
  (name ip2kbf)
  (comment "Ubicom IP2000 Family")
  (endian big)
  (word-bitsize 16)
)

(define-mach
  (name ip2022)
  (comment "Ubicom IP2022")
  (cpu ip2kbf)
)

(define-mach
  (name ip2022ext)
  (comment "Ubicom IP2022 extended")
  (cpu ip2kbf)
)

\f
; Model descriptions.

(define-model
  (name ip2k) (comment "VPE 2xxx") (attrs)
  (mach ip2022ext)

  (unit u-exec "Execution Unit" ()
	1 1 ; issue done
	() ; state
	() ; inputs
	() ; outputs
	() ; profile action (default)
	)
)


; FIXME: It might simplify things to separate the execute process from the
; one that updates the PC.
\f
; Instruction fields.
;
; Attributes:
; XXX: what VPE attrs
; PCREL-ADDR: pc relative value (for reloc and disassembly purposes)
; ABS-ADDR: absolute address (for reloc and disassembly purposes?)
; RESERVED: bits are not used to decode insn, must be all 0
; RELOC: there is a relocation associated with this field (experiment)


(dnf f-imm8      "imm8"                () 7 8)
(dnf f-reg       "reg"         (ABS-ADDR) 8 9)
(dnf f-addr16cjp "addr16cjp"   (ABS-ADDR) 12 13)
(dnf f-dir       "dir"                 () 9 1)
(dnf f-bitno     "bit number"          () 11 3)
(dnf f-op3       "op3"                 () 15 3)
(dnf f-op4       "op4"                 () 15 4)
(dnf f-op4mid    "op4mid"              () 11 4)
(dnf f-op6       "op6"                 () 15 6)
(dnf f-op8       "op8"                 () 15 8)
(dnf f-op6-10low "op6-10low"           () 9 10)
(dnf f-op6-7low  "op6-7low"            () 9 7)
(dnf f-reti3     "reti3"               () 2 3)
(dnf f-skipb     "sb/snb"      (ABS-ADDR) 12 1)
(dnf f-page3     "page3"               ()  2 3)
;(define-ifield (name f-page3) (comment "page3") (attrs) (start 2) (length 3)
;  (encode (value pc) (srl WI value 13))
;  (decode (value pc) (sll WI value 13))
;)
; To fix the page/call asymmetry
;(define-ifield (name f-page3) (comment "page3") (attrs) (start 2) (length 3)
;  (encode (value pc) (srl WI value 13))
;  (decode (value pc) (sll WI value 13))
;)


\f
; Enums.

; insn-op6: bits 15-10
(define-normal-insn-enum insn-op6 "op6 enums" () OP6_ f-op6
  (OTHER1 OTHER2 SUB DEC OR AND XOR ADD 
   TEST NOT INC DECSZ RR RL SWAP INCSZ
   CSE POP SUBC DECSNZ MULU MULS INCSNZ  ADDC
   - - - - - - - -   
   - - - - - - - -
   - - - - - - - -
   - - - - - - - -
   - - - - - - - -   
   )
)

; insn-dir: bit 9
(define-normal-insn-enum insn-dir "dir enums" () DIR_ f-dir
  ; This bit specifies the polarity of many two-operand instructions:
  ; TO_W writes result to W regiser  (eg. ADDC W,$fr)
  ; NOTTO_W writes result in general register  (eg. ADDC $fr,W)
  (TO_W NOTTO_W)
)


; insn-op4: bits 15-12
(define-normal-insn-enum insn-op4 "op4 enums" () OP4_ f-op4
  (- - - - - - - LITERAL
   CLRB SETB SNB SB - - - -
   )
)

; insn-op4mid: bits 11-8
; used for f-op4=LITERAL
(define-normal-insn-enum insn-op4mid "op4mid enums" () OP4MID_ f-op4mid
  (LOADH_L LOADL_L MULU_L MULS_L PUSH_L  -  CSNE_L CSE_L
   RETW_L CMP_L SUB_L ADD_L MOV_L OR_L AND_L XOR_L)
)

; insn-op3: bits 15-13
(define-normal-insn-enum insn-op3 "op3 enums" () OP3_ f-op3
  (- - - - - - CALL JMP)
)


; Hardware pieces.

; Bank-relative general purpose registers

; (define-pmacro (build-reg-name n) (.splice (.str "$" n) n))

(define-keyword
  (name register-names)
  (enum-prefix H-REGISTERS-)
  (values
   ; These are the "Special Purpose Registers" that are not reserved
   ("ADDRSEL" #x2) ("ADDRX" #x3)
   ("IPH" #x4) ("IPL" #x5) ("SPH" #x6) ("SPL" #x7)
   ("PCH" #x8) ("PCL" #x9) ("WREG" #xA) ("STATUS" #xB)
   ("DPH" #xC) ("DPL" #xD) ("SPDREG" #xE) ("MULH" #xF)
   ("ADDRH" #x10) ("ADDRL" #x11) ("DATAH" #x12) ("DATAL" #x13)
   ("INTVECH" #x14) ("INTVECL" #x15) ("INTSPD" #x16) ("INTF" #x17)
   ("INTE" #x18) ("INTED" #x19) ("FCFG" #x1A) ("TCTRL" #x1B)
   ("XCFG" #x1C) ("EMCFG" #x1D) ("IPCH" #x1E) ("IPCL" #x1F)
   ("RAIN" #x20) ("RAOUT" #x21) ("RADIR" #x22) ("LFSRH" #x23)
   ("RBIN" #x24) ("RBOUT" #x25) ("RBDIR" #x26) ("LFSRL" #x27)
   ("RCIN" #x28) ("RCOUT" #x29) ("RCDIR" #x2A) ("LFSRA" #x2B)
   ("RDIN" #x2C) ("RDOUT" #x2D) ("RDDIR" #x2E)   
   ("REIN" #x30) ("REOUT" #x31) ("REDIR" #x32)   
   ("RFIN" #x34) ("RFOUT" #x35) ("RFDIR" #x36)
                 ("RGOUT" #x39) ("RGDIR" #x3A)
   ("RTTMR" #x40) ("RTCFG" #x41) ("T0TMR" #x42) ("T0CFG" #x43)
   ("T1CNTH" #x44) ("T1CNTL" #x45) ("T1CAP1H" #x46) ("T1CAP1L" #x47)
   ("T1CAP2H" #x48) ("T1CMP2H" #x48) ("T1CAP2L" #x49) ("T1CMP2L" #x49) ; note aliases
                                     ("T1CMP1H" #x4A) ("T1CMP1L" #x4B)
   ("T1CFG1H" #x4C) ("T1CFG1L" #x4D) ("T1CFG2H" #x4E) ("T1CFG2L" #x4F)
   ("ADCH" #x50) ("ADCL" #x51) ("ADCCFG" #x52) ("ADCTMR" #x53)
   ("T2CNTH" #x54) ("T2CNTL" #x55) ("T2CAP1H" #x56) ("T2CAP1L" #x57)
   ("T2CAP2H" #x58) ("T2CMP2H" #x58) ("T2CAP2L" #x59) ("T2CMP2L" #x59) ; note aliases
                                     ("T2CMP1H" #x5A) ("T2CMP1L" #x5B)
   ("T2CFG1H" #x5C) ("T2CFG1L" #x5D) ("T2CFG2H" #x5E) ("T2CFG2L" #x5F)
   ("S1TMRH" #x60) ("S1TMRL" #x61) ("S1TBUFH" #x62) ("S1TBUFL" #x63)
   ("S1TCFG" #x64) ("S1RCNT" #x65) ("S1RBUFH" #x66) ("S1RBUFL" #x67)
   ("S1RCFG" #x68) ("S1RSYNC" #x69) ("S1INTF" #x6A) ("S1INTE" #x6B)
   ("S1MODE" #x6C) ("S1SMASK" #x6D) ("PSPCFG" #x6E) ("CMPCFG" #x6F)
   ("S2TMRH" #x70) ("S2TMRL" #x71) ("S2TBUFH" #x72) ("S2TBUFL" #x73)
   ("S2TCFG" #x74) ("S2RCNT" #x75) ("S2RBUFH" #x76) ("S2RBUFL" #x77)
   ("S2RCFG" #x78) ("S2RSYNC" #x79) ("S2INTF" #x7A) ("S2INTE" #x7B)
   ("S2MODE" #x7C) ("S2SMASK" #x7D) ("CALLH" #x7E) ("CALLL" #x7F))
  )

(define-hardware
  (name h-spr)
  (comment "special-purpose registers")
  (type register QI (128))
  (get (index) (c-call QI "get_spr" index ))
  (set (index newval) (c-call VOID "set_spr" index newval ))
)


;;(define-hardware
;;  (name h-gpr-global)
;;  (comment "gpr registers - global")
;;  (type register QI (128))
;;)

; The general register

(define-hardware
  (name h-registers)
  (comment "all addressable registers")
  (attrs VIRTUAL)
  (type register QI (512))
  (get (index) (c-call QI "get_h_registers" index ))
  (set (index newval) (c-call VOID "set_h_registers" index newval ))
)

; The hardware stack.
; Use {push,pop}_pc_stack c-calls to operate on this hardware element.

(define-hardware
  (name h-stack)
  (comment "hardware stack")
  (type register UHI (16))
)

(dsh h-pabits "page bits" () (register QI))
(dsh h-zbit "zero bit" () (register BI))
(dsh h-cbit "carry bit" () (register BI))
(dsh h-dcbit "digit-carry bit" () (register BI))
(dnh h-pc "program counter" (PC PROFILE) (pc) () () ())


; Operands

(define-operand (name addr16cjp) (comment "13-bit address") (attrs) 
  (type h-uint) (index f-addr16cjp) (handlers (parse "addr16_cjp") (print "dollarhex_cj"))) ; overload lit8 printer
(define-operand (name fr) (comment "register") (attrs) 
  (type h-registers) (index f-reg) (handlers (parse "fr") (print "fr")))
(define-operand (name lit8) (comment "8-bit signed literal") (attrs)
  (type h-sint) (index f-imm8) (handlers (parse "lit8") (print "dollarhex8")))
(define-operand (name bitno) (comment "bit number") (attrs)
  (type h-uint) (index f-bitno) (handlers (parse "bit3")(print "decimal")))
(define-operand (name addr16p) (comment "page number") (attrs)
  (type h-uint) (index f-page3) (handlers (parse "addr16_cjp") (print "dollarhex_p")))
(define-operand (name addr16h) (comment "high 8 bits of address") (attrs)
  (type h-uint) (index f-imm8) (handlers (parse "addr16") (print "dollarhex_addr16h")))
(define-operand (name addr16l) (comment "low 8 bits of address") (attrs)
  (type h-uint) (index f-imm8) (handlers (parse "addr16") (print "dollarhex_addr16l")))
(define-operand (name reti3) (comment "reti flags") (attrs)
  (type h-uint) (index f-reti3) (handlers (print "dollarhex")))
(dnop pabits   "page bits"                 () h-pabits f-nil)
(dnop zbit     "zero bit"                  () h-zbit f-nil)
(dnop cbit     "carry bit"                 () h-cbit f-nil)
(dnop dcbit    "digit carry bit"           () h-dcbit f-nil)
;;(dnop bank     "bank register"             () h-bank-no f-nil)

(define-pmacro w     (reg h-spr #x0A))
(define-pmacro mulh  (reg h-spr #x0F))
(define-pmacro dph   (reg h-spr #x0C))
(define-pmacro dpl   (reg h-spr #x0D))
(define-pmacro sph   (reg h-spr #x06))
(define-pmacro spl   (reg h-spr #x07))
(define-pmacro iph   (reg h-spr #x04))
(define-pmacro ipl   (reg h-spr #x05))
(define-pmacro addrh (reg h-spr #x10))
(define-pmacro addrl (reg h-spr #x11))


; Pseudo-RTL for DC flag calculations
; "DC" = "digit carry", ie carry between nibbles
(define-pmacro (add-dcflag a b c)
  (add-cflag (sll QI a 4) (sll QI b 4) c)
)

(define-pmacro (sub-dcflag a b c)
  (sub-cflag (sll QI a 4) (sll QI b 4) c)
)

; Check to see if an fr is one of IPL, SPL, DPL, ADDRL, PCL.
(define-pmacro (LregCheck isLreg fr9bit)
   (sequence()
      (set isLreg #x0) ;; Assume it's not an Lreg
      (if (or (or (eq fr9bit #x5) (eq fr9bit #x7))
	      (or (eq fr9bit #x9)
		  (or (eq fr9bit #xd) (eq fr9bit #x11))))
          (set isLreg #x1)
      )
   )
) 


; Instructions, in order of the "Instruction Set Map" table on
; pp 19-20 of IP2022 spec V1.09

(dni jmp "Jump"
     ()
     "jmp $addr16cjp"
     (+ OP3_JMP addr16cjp)
     (set pc (or (sll pabits 13) addr16cjp))
     ()
)

; note that in call, we push pc instead of pc + 1 because the ip2k increments
; the pc prior to execution of the instruction
(dni call "Call"
     ()
     "call $addr16cjp"
     (+ OP3_CALL addr16cjp)
     (sequence ()
	       (c-call "push_pc_stack" pc)
	       (set pc (or (sll pabits 13) addr16cjp)))
     ()
)

(dni sb "Skip if bit set"
     ()
     "sb $fr,$bitno"
     (+ OP4_SB bitno fr)
     (if (and fr (sll 1 bitno))
	 (skip 1))
     ()
)

(dni snb "Skip if bit clear"
     ()
     "snb $fr,$bitno"
     (+ OP4_SNB bitno fr)
     (if (not (and fr (sll 1 bitno)))
	 (skip 1))
     ()
)

(dni setb "Set bit"
     ()
     "setb $fr,$bitno"
     (+ OP4_SETB bitno fr)
     (set fr (or fr (sll 1 bitno)))
     ()
)

(dni clrb "Clear bit"
     ()
     "clrb $fr,$bitno"
     (+ OP4_CLRB bitno fr)
     (set fr (and fr (inv (sll 1 bitno))))
     ()
)

(dni xorw_l "XOR W,literal"
     ()
     "xor W,#$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_XOR_L lit8)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (xor w lit8))
	       (set zbit (zflag w)))
     ()
)

(dni andw_l "AND W,literal"
     ()
     "and W,#$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_AND_L lit8)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (and w lit8))
	       (set zbit (zflag w)))
     ()
)

(dni orw_l "OR W,literal"
     ()
     "or W,#$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_OR_L lit8)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (or w lit8))
	       (set zbit (zflag w)))
     ()
)

(dni addw_l "ADD W,literal"
     ()
     "add W,#$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_ADD_L lit8)
     (sequence ()
	       (set cbit (add-cflag w lit8 0))
	       (set dcbit (add-dcflag w lit8 0))
	       (set w (add w lit8))
	       (set zbit (zflag w)))
     ()
)

(dni subw_l "SUB W,literal"
     ()
     "sub W,#$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_SUB_L lit8)
     (sequence ()
	       (set cbit (not (sub-cflag lit8 w 0)))
	       (set dcbit (not (sub-dcflag lit8 w 0)))
	       (set zbit (zflag (sub w lit8)))
	       (set w (sub lit8 w)))
     ()
)

(dni cmpw_l "CMP W,literal"
     ()
     "cmp W,#$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_CMP_L lit8)
     (sequence ()
	       (set cbit (not (sub-cflag lit8 w 0)))
	       (set dcbit (not (sub-dcflag lit8 w 0)))
	       (set zbit (zflag (sub w lit8))))
     ()
)

(dni retw_l "RETW literal"
     ()
     "retw #$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_RETW_L lit8)
     (sequence ((USI new_pc))
	       (set w lit8)
	       (set new_pc (c-call UHI "pop_pc_stack"))
	       (set pabits (srl new_pc 13))
	       (set pc new_pc))
     ()
)

(dni csew_l "CSE W,literal"
     ()
     "cse W,#$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_CSE_L lit8)
     (if (eq w lit8)
	 (skip 1))
     ()
)

(dni csnew_l "CSNE W,literal"
     ()
     "csne W,#$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_CSNE_L lit8)
     (if (not (eq w lit8))
	 (skip 1))
     ()
)

(dni push_l "Push #lit8"
     ()
     "push #$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_PUSH_L lit8)
     (sequence ()
        (c-call "push" lit8)
        (c-call VOID "adjuststackptr" (const -1))

     )
     ()
)

(dni mulsw_l "Multiply W,literal (signed)"
     ()
     "muls W,#$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_MULS_L lit8)
     (sequence ((SI tmp))
	       (set tmp (mul (ext SI w) (ext SI (and UQI #xff lit8))))
	       (set w (and tmp #xFF))
	       (set mulh (srl tmp 8)))
     ()
)

(dni muluw_l "Multiply W,literal (unsigned)"
     ()
     "mulu W,#$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_MULU_L lit8)
     (sequence ((USI tmp))
	       (set tmp (and #xFFFF (mul (zext USI w) (zext USI lit8))))
	       (set w (and tmp #xFF))
	       (set mulh (srl tmp 8)))
     ()
)

(dni loadl_l "LoadL literal"
    (EXT-SKIP-INSN)
    "loadl #$lit8"
    (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_LOADL_L lit8)
    (set dpl (and lit8 #x00FF))
    ()
)

(dni loadh_l "LoadH literal"
    (EXT-SKIP-INSN)
    "loadh #$lit8"
    (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_LOADH_L lit8)
    (set dph (and lit8 #x00FF))
    ()
)

(dni loadl_a "LoadL addr16l"
    (EXT-SKIP-INSN)
    "loadl $addr16l"
    (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_LOADL_L addr16l)
    (set dpl (and addr16l #x00FF))
    ()
)

(dni loadh_a "LoadH addr16h"
    (EXT-SKIP-INSN)
    "loadh $addr16h"
    (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_LOADH_L addr16h)
    (set dph (and addr16l #x0FF00))
    ()
)

;; THIS NO LONGER EXISTS -> Now LOADL
;;(dni bank_l "Bank literal"
;;     ()
;;     "bank #$lit8"
;;     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_BANK_L lit8)
;;     (set bank lit8)
;;     ()
;;)

(dni addcfr_w "Add w/carry fr,W"
     ()
     "addc $fr,W"
     (+ OP6_ADDC DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI result) (BI newcbit) (QI isLreg) (HI 16bval))
	       (set newcbit (add-cflag w fr cbit))
	       (set dcbit (add-dcflag w fr cbit))
               ;; If fr is an Lreg, then we have to do 16-bit arithmetic.
               ;; We can take advantage of the fact that by a lucky
               ;; coincidence, the address of register xxxH is always      
               ;; one lower than the address of register xxxL.
               (LregCheck isLreg (ifield f-reg))
	       (if (eq isLreg #x1)
                  (sequence() 
                     (set 16bval (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1)))
		     (set 16bval (sll 16bval 8))
		     (set 16bval (or 16bval (and (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) #xFF))) 
                     (set 16bval (addc HI 16bval w cbit))
		     (set (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) (and 16bval #xFF))
		     (set (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1)) 
                          (and (srl 16bval 8) #xFF))
                     (set result (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)))
                  )      
	       (set result (addc w fr cbit)) ;; else part
               )

	       (set zbit (zflag result))
	       (set cbit newcbit)
	       (set fr result))
     ()
)

(dni addcw_fr "Add w/carry W,fr"
     ()
     "addc W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_ADDC DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI result) (BI newcbit))
	       (set newcbit (add-cflag w fr cbit))
	       (set dcbit (add-dcflag w fr cbit))
	       (set result (addc w fr cbit))
	       (set zbit (zflag result))
	       (set cbit newcbit)
	       (set w result))
     ()
)


(dni incsnz_fr "Skip if fr++ not zero"
     ()
     "incsnz $fr"
     (+ OP6_INCSNZ DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI isLreg) (HI 16bval))
        (LregCheck isLreg (ifield f-reg))
        ;; If fr is an Lreg, then we have to do 16-bit arithmetic.
        ;; We can take advantage of the fact that by a lucky
        ;; coincidence, the address of register xxxH is always
        ;; one lower than the address of register xxxL.
        (if (eq isLreg #x1)
           (sequence()
              ; Create the 16 bit value
              (set 16bval (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1)))
              (set 16bval (sll 16bval 8))
              (set 16bval (or 16bval (and (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) #xFF)))
              ; Do 16 bit arithmetic.
	      (set 16bval (add HI 16bval 1))
              ; Separate the 16 bit values into the H and L regs
              (set (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) (and 16bval #xFF))
              (set (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1))
                   (and (srl 16bval 8) #xFF))
              (set fr (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)))
           )
	   (set fr (add fr 1)) ; Do 8 bit arithmetic.
        )
	(if (not (zflag fr))
	   (skip 1)))
     ()
)

(dni incsnzw_fr "Skip if W=fr+1  not zero"
     ()
     "incsnz W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_INCSNZ DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (add fr 1))
	       (if (not (zflag w))
		   (skip 1)))
     ()
)

(dni mulsw_fr "Multiply W,fr (signed)"
     ()
     "muls W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_MULS DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ((SI tmp))
	       (set tmp (mul (ext SI w) (ext SI fr)))
	       (set w (and tmp #xFF))
	       (set mulh (srl tmp 8)))
     ()
)

(dni muluw_fr "Multiply W,fr (unsigned)"
     ()
     "mulu W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_MULU DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ((USI tmp))
	       (set tmp (and #xFFFF (mul (zext USI w) (zext USI fr))))
	       (set w (and tmp #xFF))
	       (set mulh (srl tmp 8)))
     ()
)

(dni decsnz_fr "Skip if fr-- not zero"
     ()
     "decsnz $fr"
     (+ OP6_DECSNZ DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI isLreg) (HI 16bval))
         (LregCheck isLreg (ifield f-reg))
         ;; If fr is an Lreg, then we have to do 16-bit arithmetic.
         ;; We can take advantage of the fact that by a lucky
         ;; coincidence, the address of register xxxH is always
         ;; one lower than the address of register xxxL.
         (if (eq isLreg #x1)
            (sequence()
               ; Create the 16 bit value
               (set 16bval (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1)))
               (set 16bval (sll 16bval 8))
               (set 16bval (or 16bval (and (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) #xFF)))
               ; New 16 bit instruction
               (set 16bval (sub HI 16bval 1))
               ; Separate the 16 bit values into the H and L regs
               (set (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) (and 16bval #xFF))
               (set (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1))
                    (and (srl 16bval 8) #xFF))
               (set fr (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)))
            )
            ; Original instruction
	    (set fr (sub fr 1))
         )
	    (if (not (zflag fr))
	       (skip 1)))
     ()
)

(dni decsnzw_fr "Skip if W=fr-1 not zero"
     ()
     "decsnz W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_DECSNZ DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (sub fr 1))
	       (if (not (zflag w))
		   (skip 1)))
     ()
)

(dni subcw_fr "Subract w/carry W,fr"
     ()
     "subc W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_SUBC DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI result) (BI newcbit))
	       (set newcbit (not (sub-cflag fr w (not cbit))))
	       (set dcbit (not (sub-dcflag fr w (not cbit))))
	       (set result (subc fr w (not cbit)))
	       (set zbit (zflag result))
	       (set cbit newcbit)
	       (set w result))
     ()
)

(dni subcfr_w "Subtract w/carry fr,W"
     ()
     "subc $fr,W"
     (+ OP6_SUBC DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI result) (BI newcbit) (QI isLreg) (HI 16bval))
	       (set newcbit (not (sub-cflag fr w (not cbit))))
	       (set dcbit (not (sub-dcflag fr w (not cbit))))
               (LregCheck isLreg (ifield f-reg))
               ;; If fr is an Lreg, then we have to do 16-bit arithmetic.
               ;; We can take advantage of the fact that by a lucky
               ;; coincidence, the address of register xxxH is always
               ;; one lower than the address of register xxxL.
               (if (eq isLreg #x1)
                  (sequence()
                     ; Create the 16 bit value
                     (set 16bval (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1)))
                     (set 16bval (sll 16bval 8))
                     (set 16bval (or 16bval (and (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) #xFF)))
                     ; New 16 bit instruction
	             (set 16bval (subc HI 16bval w (not cbit)))
                     ; Separate the 16 bit values into the H and L regs
                     (set (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) (and 16bval #xFF))
                     (set (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1))
                          (and (srl 16bval 8) #xFF))
                     (set result (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)))
                  )
               ; Original instruction
	       (set result (subc fr w (not cbit)))
               )


	       (set zbit (zflag result))
	       (set cbit newcbit)
	       (set fr result))
     ()
)


(dni pop_fr "Pop fr"
     ()
     "pop $fr"
     (+ OP6_POP (f-dir 1) fr)
     (sequence()
        (set fr (c-call QI "pop")) 
        (c-call VOID "adjuststackptr" (const 1))
     )
     ()
)

(dni push_fr "Push fr"
     ()
     "push $fr"
     (+ OP6_POP (f-dir 0) fr)
     (sequence()
        (c-call "push" fr)
        (c-call VOID "adjuststackptr" (const -1))
     )
     ()
)

(dni csew_fr "Skip if equal W,fr"
     ()
     "cse W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_CSE (f-dir 1) fr)
     (if (eq w fr)
	 (skip 1))
     ()
)

(dni csnew_fr "Skip if not-equal W,fr"
     ()
     "csne W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_CSE (f-dir 0) fr)
     (if (not (eq w fr))
	 (skip 1))
     ()
)

;;(dni csaw_fr "Skip if W above fr"
;;     ((MACH ip2022ext))
;;     "csa W,$fr"
;;     (+ OP6_CSAB (f-dir 1) fr)
;;     (if (gt w fr)
;;	 (skip 1))
;;    ()
;;)

;;(dni csbw_fr "Skip if W below fr"
;;     ((MACH ip2022ext))
;;     "csb W,$fr"
;;     (+ OP6_CSAB (f-dir 0) fr)
;;     (if (lt w fr)
;;	 (skip 1))
;;    ()
;;)

(dni incsz_fr "Skip if fr++ zero"
     ()
     "incsz $fr"
     (+ OP6_INCSZ DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI isLreg) (HI 16bval))
          (LregCheck isLreg (ifield f-reg))
          ;; If fr is an Lreg, then we have to do 16-bit arithmetic.
          ;; We can take advantage of the fact that by a lucky
          ;; coincidence, the address of register xxxH is always
          ;; one lower than the address of register xxxL.
          (if (eq isLreg #x1)
             (sequence()
                ; Create the 16 bit value
                (set 16bval (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1)))
                (set 16bval (sll 16bval 8))
                (set 16bval (or 16bval (and (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) #xFF)))
                ; New 16 bit instruction
                (set 16bval (add HI 16bval 1))
                ; Separate the 16 bit values into the H and L regs
                (set (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) (and 16bval #xFF))
                (set (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1))
                     (and (srl 16bval 8) #xFF))
                (set fr (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)))
             )
             ; Original instruction
	     (set fr (add fr 1))
          )
	       (if (zflag fr)
		   (skip 1)))
     ()
)

(dni incszw_fr "Skip if W=fr+1 zero"
     ()
     "incsz W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_INCSZ DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (add fr 1))
	       (if (zflag w)
		   (skip 1)))
     ()
)

(dni swap_fr "Swap fr nibbles"
     ()
     "swap $fr"
     (+ OP6_SWAP DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (set fr (or (and (sll fr 4) #xf0)
		 (and (srl fr 4) #x0f)))
     ()
)

(dni swapw_fr "Swap fr nibbles into W"
     ()
     "swap W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_SWAP DIR_TO_W fr)
     (set w (or (and (sll fr 4) #xf0)
		(and (srl fr 4) #x0f)))
     ()
)

(dni rl_fr "Rotate fr left with carry"
     ()
     "rl $fr"
     (+ OP6_RL DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI newfr) (BI newc))
	       (set newc (and fr #x80))
	       (set newfr (or (sll fr 1) (if QI cbit 1 0)))
	       (set cbit (if QI newc 1 0))
	       (set fr newfr))
     ()
)

(dni rlw_fr "Rotate fr left with carry into W"
     ()
     "rl W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_RL DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI newfr) (BI newc))
	       (set newc (and fr #x80))
	       (set newfr (or (sll fr 1) (if QI cbit 1 0)))
	       (set cbit (if QI newc 1 0))
	       (set w newfr))
     ()
)

(dni rr_fr "Rotate fr right with carry"
     ()
     "rr $fr"
     (+ OP6_RR DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI newfr) (BI newc))
	       (set newc (and fr #x01))
	       (set newfr (or (srl fr 1) (if QI cbit #x80 #x00)))
	       (set cbit (if QI newc 1 0))
	       (set fr newfr))
     ()
)

(dni rrw_fr "Rotate fr right with carry into W"
     ()
     "rr W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_RR DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI newfr) (BI newc))
	       (set newc (and fr #x01))
	       (set newfr (or (srl fr 1) (if QI cbit #x80 #x00)))
	       (set cbit (if QI newc 1 0))
	       (set w newfr))
     ()
)

(dni decsz_fr "Skip if fr-- zero"
     ()
     "decsz $fr"
     (+ OP6_DECSZ DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI isLreg) (HI 16bval))
          (LregCheck isLreg (ifield f-reg))
          ;; If fr is an Lreg, then we have to do 16-bit arithmetic.
          ;; We can take advantage of the fact that by a lucky
          ;; coincidence, the address of register xxxH is always
          ;; one lower than the address of register xxxL.
          (if (eq isLreg #x1)
             (sequence()
                ; Create the 16 bit value
                (set 16bval (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1)))
                (set 16bval (sll 16bval 8))
                (set 16bval (or 16bval (and (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) #xFF)))
                ; New 16 bit instruction
                (set 16bval (sub HI 16bval 1))
                ; Separate the 16 bit values into the H and L regs
                (set (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) (and 16bval #xFF))
                (set (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1))
                     (and (srl 16bval 8) #xFF))
                (set fr (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)))
             )
             ; Original instruction
	     (set fr (sub fr 1))
          )
	       (if (zflag fr)
		   (skip 1)))
     ()
)

(dni decszw_fr "Skip if W=fr-1 zero"
     ()
     "decsz W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_DECSZ DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (sub fr 1))
	       (if (zflag w)
		   (skip 1)))
     ()
)

(dni inc_fr "Increment fr"
     ()
     "inc $fr"
     (+ OP6_INC DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI isLreg) (HI 16bval))
          (LregCheck isLreg (ifield f-reg))
          ;; If fr is an Lreg, then we have to do 16-bit arithmetic.
          ;; We can take advantage of the fact that by a lucky
          ;; coincidence, the address of register xxxH is always
          ;; one lower than the address of register xxxL.
          (if (eq isLreg #x1)
             (sequence()
                ; Create the 16 bit value
                (set 16bval (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1)))
                (set 16bval (sll 16bval 8))
                (set 16bval (or 16bval (and (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) #xFF)))
                ; New 16 bit instruction
		(set 16bval (add HI 16bval 1))
                ; Separate the 16 bit values into the H and L regs
                (set (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) (and 16bval #xFF))
                (set (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1))
                     (and (srl 16bval 8) #xFF))
                (set fr (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)))
             )
             ; Original instruction
	     (set fr (add fr 1))
           )
	       (set zbit (zflag fr)))
     ()
)

(dni incw_fr "Increment fr into w"
     ()
     "inc W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_INC DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (add fr 1))
	       (set zbit (zflag w)))
     ()
)

(dni not_fr "Invert fr"
     ()
     "not $fr"
     (+ OP6_NOT DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set fr (inv fr))
	       (set zbit (zflag fr)))
     ()
)

(dni notw_fr "Invert fr into w"
     ()
     "not W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_NOT DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (inv fr))
	       (set zbit (zflag w)))
     ()
)

(dni test_fr "Test fr"
     ()
     "test $fr"
     (+ OP6_TEST DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set zbit (zflag fr)))
     ()
)

(dni movw_l "MOV W,literal"
     ()
     "mov W,#$lit8"
     (+ OP4_LITERAL OP4MID_MOV_L lit8)
     (set w lit8)
     ()
)

(dni movfr_w "Move/test w into fr"
     ()
     "mov $fr,W"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (set fr w)
     ()
)

(dni movw_fr "Move/test fr into w"
     ()
     "mov W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_TEST DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w fr)
	       (set zbit (zflag w)))
     ()
)


(dni addfr_w "Add fr,W"
     ()
     "add $fr,W"
     (+ OP6_ADD DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI result) (QI isLreg) (HI 16bval))
	       (set cbit (add-cflag w fr 0))
	       (set dcbit (add-dcflag w fr 0))
               (LregCheck isLreg (ifield f-reg))

               ;; If fr is an Lreg, then we have to do 16-bit arithmetic.
               ;; We can take advantage of the fact that by a lucky
               ;; coincidence, the address of register xxxH is always 
               ;; one lower than the address of register xxxL.
               (if (eq isLreg #x1)
                  (sequence()
                     (set 16bval (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1)))
                     (set 16bval (sll 16bval 8))
                     (set 16bval (or 16bval (and (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) #xFF)))
                     (set 16bval (add HI (and w #xFF) 16bval))
                     (set (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) (and 16bval #xFF))
                     (set (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1))
                          (and (srl 16bval 8) #xFF))
                     (set result (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)))
                  )
	       (set result (addc w fr 0)) ;; else part
               )
	       (set zbit (zflag result))
	       (set fr result))
     ()
)

(dni addw_fr "Add W,fr"
     ()
     "add W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_ADD DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI result))
	       (set cbit (add-cflag w fr 0))
	       (set dcbit (add-dcflag w fr 0))
	       (set result (addc w fr 0))
	       (set zbit (zflag result))
	       (set w result))
     ()
)

(dni xorfr_w "XOR fr,W"
     ()
     "xor $fr,W"
     (+ OP6_XOR DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set fr (xor w fr))
	       (set zbit (zflag fr)))
     ()
)

(dni xorw_fr "XOR W,fr"
     ()
     "xor W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_XOR DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (xor fr w))
	       (set zbit (zflag w)))
     ()
)

(dni andfr_w "AND fr,W"
     ()
     "and $fr,W"
     (+ OP6_AND DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set fr (and w fr))
	       (set zbit (zflag fr)))
     ()
)

(dni andw_fr "AND W,fr"
     ()
     "and W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_AND DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (and fr w))
	       (set zbit (zflag w)))
     ()
)

(dni orfr_w "OR fr,W"
     ()
     "or $fr,W"
     (+ OP6_OR DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set fr (or w fr))
	       (set zbit (zflag fr)))
     ()
)

(dni orw_fr "OR W,fr"
     ()
     "or W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_OR DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (or fr w))
	       (set zbit (zflag w)))
     ()
)

(dni dec_fr "Decrement fr"
     ()
     "dec $fr"
     (+ OP6_DEC DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI isLreg) (HI 16bval))
          (LregCheck isLreg (ifield f-reg))
          ;; If fr is an Lreg, then we have to do 16-bit arithmetic.
          ;; We can take advantage of the fact that by a lucky
          ;; coincidence, the address of register xxxH is always
          ;; one lower than the address of register xxxL.
          (if (eq isLreg #x1)
             (sequence()
                ; Create the 16 bit value
                (set 16bval (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1)))
                (set 16bval (sll 16bval 8))
                (set 16bval (or 16bval (and (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) #xFF)))
                ; New 16 bit instruction
		(set 16bval (sub HI 16bval 1))
                ; Separate the 16 bit values into the H and L regs
                (set (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) (and 16bval #xFF))
                (set (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1))
                     (and (srl 16bval 8) #xFF))
                (set fr (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)))
             )
             ; Original instruction
	     (set fr (sub fr 1))
	  )
	     (set zbit (zflag fr)))
     ()
)

(dni decw_fr "Decrement fr into w"
     ()
     "dec W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_DEC DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set w (sub fr 1))
	       (set zbit (zflag w)))
     ()
)

(dni subfr_w "Sub fr,W"
     ()
     "sub $fr,W"
     (+ OP6_SUB DIR_NOTTO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI result) (QI isLreg) (HI 16bval))
	       (set cbit (not (sub-cflag fr w 0)))
	       (set dcbit (not (sub-dcflag fr w 0)))
               (LregCheck isLreg (ifield f-reg))
               ;; If fr is an Lreg, then we have to do 16-bit arithmetic.
               ;; We can take advantage of the fact that by a lucky
               ;; coincidence, the address of register xxxH is always
               ;; one lower than the address of register xxxL.
               (if (eq isLreg #x1)
                  (sequence()
                     ; Create the 16 bit value
                     (set 16bval (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1)))
                     (set 16bval (sll 16bval 8))
                     (set 16bval (or 16bval (and (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) #xFF)))
                     ; New 16 bit instruction
                     (set 16bval (sub HI 16bval (and w #xFF)))
                     ; Separate the 16 bit values into the H and L regs
                     (set (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)) (and 16bval #xFF))
                     (set (reg h-spr (sub (ifield f-reg) 1))
                          (and (srl 16bval 8) #xFF))
                     (set result (reg h-spr (ifield f-reg)))
                  )
               ; Original instruction
	       (set result (subc fr w 0))
               )
	       (set zbit (zflag result))
	       (set fr result))
     ()
)

(dni subw_fr "Sub W,fr"
     ()
     "sub W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_SUB DIR_TO_W fr)
     (sequence ((QI result))
	       (set cbit (not (sub-cflag fr w 0)))
	       (set dcbit (not (sub-dcflag fr w 0)))
	       (set result (subc fr w 0))
	       (set zbit (zflag result))
	       (set w result))
     ()
)

(dni clr_fr "Clear fr"
     ()
     "clr $fr"
     (+ OP6_OTHER2 (f-dir 1) fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set fr 0)
	       (set zbit (zflag fr)))
     ()
)

(dni cmpw_fr "CMP W,fr"
     ()
     "cmp W,$fr"
     (+ OP6_OTHER2 (f-dir 0) fr)
     (sequence ()
	       (set cbit (not (sub-cflag fr w 0)))
	       (set dcbit (not (sub-dcflag fr w 0)))
	       (set zbit (zflag (sub w fr))))
     ()
)

(dni speed "Set speed"
     ()
     "speed #$lit8"
     (+ (f-op8 1) lit8)
     (set (reg h-registers #x0E) lit8)
     ()
)

(dni ireadi "Insn memory read with increment"
     ()
     "ireadi"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x1D))
     (c-call "do_insn_read")
     ()
)

(dni iwritei "Insn memory write with increment"
     ()
     "iwritei"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x1C))
     (c-call "do_insn_write")
     ()
)

(dni fread "Flash read"
     ()
     "fread"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x1B))
     (c-call "do_flash_read")
     ()
)

(dni fwrite "Flash write"
     ()
     "fwrite"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x1A))
     (c-call "do_flash_write")
     ()
)

(dni iread "Insn memory read"
     ()
     "iread"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x19))
     (c-call "do_insn_read")
     ()
)

(dni iwrite "Insn memory write"
     ()
     "iwrite"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x18))
     (c-call "do_insn_write")
     ()
)

(dni page "Set insn page"
     (EXT-SKIP-INSN)
     ;"page $page3"
     "page $addr16p"
     ;(+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-7low #x2) page3)
     ;(set pabits (srl page3 13))
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-7low #x2) addr16p)
     (set pabits addr16p)
     ()
)

(dni system "System call"
     ()
     "system"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #xff))
     (c-call "do_system")
     ()
)

(dni reti "Return from interrupt"
     ()
     "reti #$reti3"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-7low #x1) reti3)
     (c-call "do_reti" reti3)
     ()
)

(dni ret "Return"
     ()
     "ret"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x07))
     (sequence ((USI new_pc))
	       (set new_pc (c-call UHI "pop_pc_stack"))
	       (set pabits (srl new_pc 13))
	       (set pc new_pc))
     ()
)

(dni int "Software interrupt"
     ()
     "int"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x6))
     (nop)
     ()
)

(dni breakx "Breakpoint with extended skip"
     (EXT-SKIP-INSN)
     "breakx"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x5))
     (c-call "do_break" pc)
     ()
)

(dni cwdt "Clear watchdog timer"
     ()
     "cwdt"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x4))
     (c-call "do_clear_wdt")
     ()
)

(dni ferase "Flash erase"
     ()
     "ferase"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x3))
     (c-call "do_flash_erase")
     ()
)

(dni retnp "Return, no page"
     ()
     "retnp"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x2))
     (sequence ((USI new_pc))
	       (set new_pc (c-call UHI "pop_pc_stack"))
	       (set pc new_pc))
     ()
)

(dni break "Breakpoint"
     ()
     "break"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x1))
     (c-call "do_break" pc)
     ()
)

(dni nop "No operation"
     ()
     "nop"
     (+ OP6_OTHER1 (f-op6-10low #x0))
     (nop)
     ()
)
			   

; Macro instructions
(dnmi sc "Skip on carry"
      ()
      "sc"
      (emit sb (bitno 0) (fr #xB)) ; sb status.0
)

(dnmi snc "Skip on no carry"
      ()
      "snc"
      (emit snb (bitno 0) (fr #xB)) ; snb status.0
)
      
(dnmi sz "Skip on zero"
      ()
      "sz"
      (emit sb (bitno 2) (fr #xB)) ; sb status.2
)

(dnmi snz "Skip on no zero"
      ()
      "snz"
      (emit snb (bitno 2) (fr #xB)) ; snb status.2
)

(dnmi skip "Skip always"
      (SKIPA)
      "skip"
      (emit snb (bitno 0) (fr 9)) ; snb pcl.0 | (pcl&1)<<12
)

(dnmi skipb "Skip always"
      (SKIPA)
      "skip"
      (emit sb (bitno 0) (fr 9)) ; sb pcl.0 | (pcl&1)<<12
)