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[deliverable/binutils-gdb.git] / gas / cgen.c
1 /* GAS interface for targets using CGEN: Cpu tools GENerator.
2 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3
4 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
5
6 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 any later version.
10
11 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 GNU General Public License for more details.
15
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software
18 Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
19
20 #include <setjmp.h>
21 #include "ansidecl.h"
22 #include "libiberty.h"
23 #include "bfd.h"
24 #include "symcat.h"
25 #include "cgen-desc.h"
26 #include "as.h"
27 #include "subsegs.h"
28 #include "cgen.h"
29
30 /* Opcode table descriptor, must be set by md_begin. */
31
32 CGEN_CPU_DESC gas_cgen_cpu_desc;
33
34 /* Callback to insert a register into the symbol table.
35 A target may choose to let GAS parse the registers.
36 ??? Not currently used. */
37
38 void
39 cgen_asm_record_register (name, number)
40 char * name;
41 int number;
42 {
43 /* Use symbol_create here instead of symbol_new so we don't try to
44 output registers into the object file's symbol table. */
45 symbol_table_insert (symbol_create (name, reg_section,
46 number, & zero_address_frag));
47 }
48
49 /* We need to keep a list of fixups. We can't simply generate them as
50 we go, because that would require us to first create the frag, and
51 that would screw up references to ``.''.
52
53 This is used by cpu's with simple operands. It keeps knowledge of what
54 an `expressionS' is and what a `fixup' is out of CGEN which for the time
55 being is preferable.
56
57 OPINDEX is the index in the operand table.
58 OPINFO is something the caller chooses to help in reloc determination. */
59
60 struct fixup
61 {
62 int opindex;
63 int opinfo;
64 expressionS exp;
65 };
66
67 static struct fixup fixups [GAS_CGEN_MAX_FIXUPS];
68 static int num_fixups;
69
70 /* Prepare to parse an instruction.
71 ??? May wish to make this static and delete calls in md_assemble. */
72
73 void
74 gas_cgen_init_parse ()
75 {
76 num_fixups = 0;
77 }
78
79 /* Queue a fixup. */
80
81 static void
82 queue_fixup (opindex, opinfo, expP)
83 int opindex;
84 expressionS * expP;
85 {
86 /* We need to generate a fixup for this expression. */
87 if (num_fixups >= GAS_CGEN_MAX_FIXUPS)
88 as_fatal (_("too many fixups"));
89 fixups[num_fixups].exp = * expP;
90 fixups[num_fixups].opindex = opindex;
91 fixups[num_fixups].opinfo = opinfo;
92 ++ num_fixups;
93 }
94
95 /* The following three functions allow a backup of the fixup chain to be made,
96 and to have this backup be swapped with the current chain. This allows
97 certain ports, eg the m32r, to swap two instructions and swap their fixups
98 at the same time. */
99 /* ??? I think with cgen_asm_finish_insn (or something else) there is no
100 more need for this. */
101
102 static struct fixup saved_fixups [GAS_CGEN_MAX_FIXUPS];
103 static int saved_num_fixups;
104
105 void
106 gas_cgen_save_fixups ()
107 {
108 saved_num_fixups = num_fixups;
109
110 memcpy (saved_fixups, fixups, sizeof (fixups[0]) * num_fixups);
111
112 num_fixups = 0;
113 }
114
115 void
116 gas_cgen_restore_fixups ()
117 {
118 num_fixups = saved_num_fixups;
119
120 memcpy (fixups, saved_fixups, sizeof (fixups[0]) * num_fixups);
121
122 saved_num_fixups = 0;
123 }
124
125 void
126 gas_cgen_swap_fixups ()
127 {
128 int tmp;
129 struct fixup tmp_fixup;
130
131 if (num_fixups == 0)
132 {
133 gas_cgen_restore_fixups ();
134 }
135 else if (saved_num_fixups == 0)
136 {
137 gas_cgen_save_fixups ();
138 }
139 else
140 {
141 tmp = saved_num_fixups;
142 saved_num_fixups = num_fixups;
143 num_fixups = tmp;
144
145 for (tmp = GAS_CGEN_MAX_FIXUPS; tmp--;)
146 {
147 tmp_fixup = saved_fixups [tmp];
148 saved_fixups [tmp] = fixups [tmp];
149 fixups [tmp] = tmp_fixup;
150 }
151 }
152 }
153
154 /* Default routine to record a fixup.
155 This is a cover function to fix_new.
156 It exists because we record INSN with the fixup.
157
158 FRAG and WHERE are their respective arguments to fix_new_exp.
159 LENGTH is in bits.
160 OPINFO is something the caller chooses to help in reloc determination.
161
162 At this point we do not use a bfd_reloc_code_real_type for
163 operands residing in the insn, but instead just use the
164 operand index. This lets us easily handle fixups for any
165 operand type. We pick a BFD reloc type in md_apply_fix. */
166
167 fixS *
168 gas_cgen_record_fixup (frag, where, insn, length, operand, opinfo, symbol, offset)
169 fragS * frag;
170 int where;
171 const CGEN_INSN * insn;
172 int length;
173 const CGEN_OPERAND * operand;
174 int opinfo;
175 symbolS * symbol;
176 offsetT offset;
177 {
178 fixS * fixP;
179
180 /* It may seem strange to use operand->attrs and not insn->attrs here,
181 but it is the operand that has a pc relative relocation. */
182
183 fixP = fix_new (frag, where, length / 8, symbol, offset,
184 CGEN_OPERAND_ATTR_VALUE (operand, CGEN_OPERAND_PCREL_ADDR),
185 (bfd_reloc_code_real_type)
186 ((int) BFD_RELOC_UNUSED
187 + (int) operand->type));
188 fixP->fx_cgen.insn = insn;
189 fixP->fx_cgen.opinfo = opinfo;
190
191 return fixP;
192 }
193
194 /* Default routine to record a fixup given an expression.
195 This is a cover function to fix_new_exp.
196 It exists because we record INSN with the fixup.
197
198 FRAG and WHERE are their respective arguments to fix_new_exp.
199 LENGTH is in bits.
200 OPINFO is something the caller chooses to help in reloc determination.
201
202 At this point we do not use a bfd_reloc_code_real_type for
203 operands residing in the insn, but instead just use the
204 operand index. This lets us easily handle fixups for any
205 operand type. We pick a BFD reloc type in md_apply_fix. */
206
207 fixS *
208 gas_cgen_record_fixup_exp (frag, where, insn, length, operand, opinfo, exp)
209 fragS * frag;
210 int where;
211 const CGEN_INSN * insn;
212 int length;
213 const CGEN_OPERAND * operand;
214 int opinfo;
215 expressionS * exp;
216 {
217 fixS * fixP;
218
219 /* It may seem strange to use operand->attrs and not insn->attrs here,
220 but it is the operand that has a pc relative relocation. */
221
222 fixP = fix_new_exp (frag, where, length / 8, exp,
223 CGEN_OPERAND_ATTR_VALUE (operand, CGEN_OPERAND_PCREL_ADDR),
224 (bfd_reloc_code_real_type)
225 ((int) BFD_RELOC_UNUSED
226 + (int) operand->type));
227 fixP->fx_cgen.insn = insn;
228 fixP->fx_cgen.opinfo = opinfo;
229
230 return fixP;
231 }
232
233 /* Used for communication between the next two procedures. */
234 static jmp_buf expr_jmp_buf;
235
236 /* Callback for cgen interface. Parse the expression at *STRP.
237 The result is an error message or NULL for success (in which case
238 *STRP is advanced past the parsed text).
239 WANT is an indication of what the caller is looking for.
240 If WANT == CGEN_ASM_PARSE_INIT the caller is beginning to try to match
241 a table entry with the insn, reset the queued fixups counter.
242 An enum cgen_parse_operand_result is stored in RESULTP.
243 OPINDEX is the operand's table entry index.
244 OPINFO is something the caller chooses to help in reloc determination.
245 The resulting value is stored in VALUEP. */
246
247 const char *
248 gas_cgen_parse_operand (cd, want, strP, opindex, opinfo, resultP, valueP)
249 CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
250 enum cgen_parse_operand_type want;
251 const char ** strP;
252 int opindex;
253 int opinfo;
254 enum cgen_parse_operand_result * resultP;
255 bfd_vma * valueP;
256 {
257 #ifdef __STDC__
258 /* These are volatile to survive the setjmp. */
259 char * volatile hold;
260 enum cgen_parse_operand_result * volatile resultP_1;
261 #else
262 static char * hold;
263 static enum cgen_parse_operand_result * resultP_1;
264 #endif
265 const char * errmsg = NULL;
266 expressionS exp;
267
268 if (want == CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_INIT)
269 {
270 gas_cgen_init_parse ();
271 return NULL;
272 }
273
274 resultP_1 = resultP;
275 hold = input_line_pointer;
276 input_line_pointer = (char *) * strP;
277
278 /* We rely on md_operand to longjmp back to us.
279 This is done via gas_cgen_md_operand. */
280 if (setjmp (expr_jmp_buf) != 0)
281 {
282 input_line_pointer = (char *) hold;
283 * resultP_1 = CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_ERROR;
284 return "illegal operand";
285 }
286
287 expression (& exp);
288
289 * strP = input_line_pointer;
290 input_line_pointer = hold;
291
292 /* FIXME: Need to check `want'. */
293
294 switch (exp.X_op)
295 {
296 case O_illegal :
297 errmsg = _("illegal operand");
298 * resultP = CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_ERROR;
299 break;
300 case O_absent :
301 errmsg = _("missing operand");
302 * resultP = CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_ERROR;
303 break;
304 case O_constant :
305 * valueP = exp.X_add_number;
306 * resultP = CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_NUMBER;
307 break;
308 case O_register :
309 * valueP = exp.X_add_number;
310 * resultP = CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_REGISTER;
311 break;
312 default :
313 queue_fixup (opindex, opinfo, & exp);
314 * valueP = 0;
315 * resultP = CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_QUEUED;
316 break;
317 }
318
319 return errmsg;
320 }
321
322 /* md_operand handler to catch unrecognized expressions and halt the
323 parsing process so the next entry can be tried.
324
325 ??? This could be done differently by adding code to `expression'. */
326
327 void
328 gas_cgen_md_operand (expressionP)
329 expressionS * expressionP;
330 {
331 longjmp (expr_jmp_buf, 1);
332 }
333
334 /* Finish assembling instruction INSN.
335 BUF contains what we've built up so far.
336 LENGTH is the size of the insn in bits.
337 RELAX_P is non-zero if relaxable insns should be emitted as such.
338 Otherwise they're emitted in non-relaxable forms.
339 The "result" is stored in RESULT if non-NULL. */
340
341 void
342 gas_cgen_finish_insn (insn, buf, length, relax_p, result)
343 const CGEN_INSN * insn;
344 CGEN_INSN_BYTES_PTR buf;
345 unsigned int length;
346 int relax_p;
347 finished_insnS * result;
348 {
349 int i;
350 int relax_operand;
351 char * f;
352 unsigned int byte_len = length / 8;
353
354 /* ??? Target foo issues various warnings here, so one might want to provide
355 a hook here. However, our caller is defined in tc-foo.c so there
356 shouldn't be a need for a hook. */
357
358 /* Write out the instruction.
359 It is important to fetch enough space in one call to `frag_more'.
360 We use (f - frag_now->fr_literal) to compute where we are and we
361 don't want frag_now to change between calls.
362
363 Relaxable instructions: We need to ensure we allocate enough
364 space for the largest insn. */
365
366 if (CGEN_INSN_ATTR_VALUE (insn, CGEN_INSN_RELAX))
367 abort (); /* These currently shouldn't get here. */
368
369 /* Is there a relaxable insn with the relaxable operand needing a fixup? */
370
371 relax_operand = -1;
372 if (relax_p && CGEN_INSN_ATTR_VALUE (insn, CGEN_INSN_RELAXABLE))
373 {
374 /* Scan the fixups for the operand affected by relaxing
375 (i.e. the branch address). */
376
377 for (i = 0; i < num_fixups; ++ i)
378 {
379 if (CGEN_OPERAND_ATTR_VALUE (cgen_operand_lookup_by_num (gas_cgen_cpu_desc, fixups[i].opindex),
380 CGEN_OPERAND_RELAX))
381 {
382 relax_operand = i;
383 break;
384 }
385 }
386 }
387
388 if (relax_operand != -1)
389 {
390 int max_len;
391 fragS * old_frag;
392
393 #ifdef TC_CGEN_MAX_RELAX
394 max_len = TC_CGEN_MAX_RELAX (insn, byte_len);
395 #else
396 max_len = CGEN_MAX_INSN_SIZE;
397 #endif
398 /* Ensure variable part and fixed part are in same fragment. */
399 /* FIXME: Having to do this seems like a hack. */
400 frag_grow (max_len);
401
402 /* Allocate space for the fixed part. */
403 f = frag_more (byte_len);
404
405 /* Create a relaxable fragment for this instruction. */
406 old_frag = frag_now;
407
408 frag_var (rs_machine_dependent,
409 max_len - byte_len /* max chars */,
410 0 /* variable part already allocated */,
411 /* FIXME: When we machine generate the relax table,
412 machine generate a macro to compute subtype. */
413 1 /* subtype */,
414 fixups[relax_operand].exp.X_add_symbol,
415 fixups[relax_operand].exp.X_add_number,
416 f);
417
418 /* Record the operand number with the fragment so md_convert_frag
419 can use gas_cgen_md_record_fixup to record the appropriate reloc. */
420 old_frag->fr_cgen.insn = insn;
421 old_frag->fr_cgen.opindex = fixups[relax_operand].opindex;
422 old_frag->fr_cgen.opinfo = fixups[relax_operand].opinfo;
423 if (result)
424 result->frag = old_frag;
425 }
426 else
427 {
428 f = frag_more (byte_len);
429 if (result)
430 result->frag = frag_now;
431 }
432
433 /* If we're recording insns as numbers (rather than a string of bytes),
434 target byte order handling is deferred until now. */
435 #if CGEN_INT_INSN_P
436 cgen_put_insn_value (gas_cgen_cpu_desc, f, length, *buf);
437 #else
438 memcpy (f, buf, byte_len);
439 #endif
440
441 /* Create any fixups. */
442 for (i = 0; i < num_fixups; ++i)
443 {
444 fixS *fixP;
445 const CGEN_OPERAND *operand =
446 cgen_operand_lookup_by_num (gas_cgen_cpu_desc, fixups[i].opindex);
447
448 /* Don't create fixups for these. That's done during relaxation.
449 We don't need to test for CGEN_INSN_RELAX as they can't get here
450 (see above). */
451 if (relax_p
452 && CGEN_INSN_ATTR_VALUE (insn, CGEN_INSN_RELAXABLE)
453 && CGEN_OPERAND_ATTR_VALUE (operand, CGEN_OPERAND_RELAX))
454 continue;
455
456 #ifndef md_cgen_record_fixup_exp
457 #define md_cgen_record_fixup_exp gas_cgen_record_fixup_exp
458 #endif
459
460 fixP = md_cgen_record_fixup_exp (frag_now, f - frag_now->fr_literal,
461 insn, length, operand,
462 fixups[i].opinfo,
463 & fixups[i].exp);
464 if (result)
465 result->fixups[i] = fixP;
466 }
467
468 if (result)
469 {
470 result->num_fixups = num_fixups;
471 result->addr = f;
472 }
473 }
474
475 /* Apply a fixup to the object code. This is called for all the
476 fixups we generated by the call to fix_new_exp, above. In the call
477 above we used a reloc code which was the largest legal reloc code
478 plus the operand index. Here we undo that to recover the operand
479 index. At this point all symbol values should be fully resolved,
480 and we attempt to completely resolve the reloc. If we can not do
481 that, we determine the correct reloc code and put it back in the fixup. */
482
483 /* FIXME: This function handles some of the fixups and bfd_install_relocation
484 handles the rest. bfd_install_relocation (or some other bfd function)
485 should handle them all. */
486
487 int
488 gas_cgen_md_apply_fix3 (fixP, valueP, seg)
489 fixS * fixP;
490 valueT * valueP;
491 segT seg;
492 {
493 char * where = fixP->fx_frag->fr_literal + fixP->fx_where;
494 valueT value;
495 /* canonical name, since used a lot */
496 CGEN_CPU_DESC cd = gas_cgen_cpu_desc;
497
498 /* FIXME FIXME FIXME: The value we are passed in *valuep includes
499 the symbol values. Since we are using BFD_ASSEMBLER, if we are
500 doing this relocation the code in write.c is going to call
501 bfd_install_relocation, which is also going to use the symbol
502 value. That means that if the reloc is fully resolved we want to
503 use *valuep since bfd_install_relocation is not being used.
504 However, if the reloc is not fully resolved we do not want to use
505 *valuep, and must use fx_offset instead. However, if the reloc
506 is PC relative, we do want to use *valuep since it includes the
507 result of md_pcrel_from. This is confusing. */
508
509 if (fixP->fx_addsy == (symbolS *) NULL)
510 {
511 value = * valueP;
512 fixP->fx_done = 1;
513 }
514 else if (fixP->fx_pcrel)
515 value = * valueP;
516 else
517 {
518 value = fixP->fx_offset;
519 if (fixP->fx_subsy != (symbolS *) NULL)
520 {
521 if (S_GET_SEGMENT (fixP->fx_subsy) == absolute_section)
522 value -= S_GET_VALUE (fixP->fx_subsy);
523 else
524 {
525 /* We don't actually support subtracting a symbol. */
526 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
527 _("expression too complex"));
528 }
529 }
530 }
531
532 if ((int) fixP->fx_r_type >= (int) BFD_RELOC_UNUSED)
533 {
534 int opindex = (int) fixP->fx_r_type - (int) BFD_RELOC_UNUSED;
535 const CGEN_OPERAND *operand = cgen_operand_lookup_by_num (cd, opindex);
536 const char *errmsg;
537 bfd_reloc_code_real_type reloc_type;
538 CGEN_FIELDS *fields = alloca (CGEN_CPU_SIZEOF_FIELDS (cd));
539 const CGEN_INSN *insn = fixP->fx_cgen.insn;
540
541 /* If the reloc has been fully resolved finish the operand here. */
542 /* FIXME: This duplicates the capabilities of code in BFD. */
543 if (fixP->fx_done
544 /* FIXME: If partial_inplace isn't set bfd_install_relocation won't
545 finish the job. Testing for pcrel is a temporary hack. */
546 || fixP->fx_pcrel)
547 {
548 CGEN_CPU_SET_FIELDS_BITSIZE (cd) (fields, CGEN_INSN_BITSIZE (insn));
549 CGEN_CPU_SET_VMA_OPERAND (cd) (cd, opindex, fields, (bfd_vma) value);
550
551 #if CGEN_INT_INSN_P
552 {
553 CGEN_INSN_INT insn_value =
554 cgen_get_insn_value (cd, where, CGEN_INSN_BITSIZE (insn));
555
556 /* ??? 0 is passed for `pc' */
557 errmsg = CGEN_CPU_INSERT_OPERAND (cd) (cd, opindex, fields,
558 &insn_value, (bfd_vma) 0);
559 cgen_put_insn_value (cd, where, CGEN_INSN_BITSIZE (insn),
560 insn_value);
561 }
562 #else
563 /* ??? 0 is passed for `pc' */
564 errmsg = CGEN_CPU_INSERT_OPERAND (cd) (cd, opindex, fields, where,
565 (bfd_vma) 0);
566 #endif
567 if (errmsg)
568 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line, "%s", errmsg);
569 }
570
571 if (fixP->fx_done)
572 return 1;
573
574 /* The operand isn't fully resolved. Determine a BFD reloc value
575 based on the operand information and leave it to
576 bfd_install_relocation. Note that this doesn't work when
577 partial_inplace == false. */
578
579 reloc_type = md_cgen_lookup_reloc (insn, operand, fixP);
580 if (reloc_type != BFD_RELOC_NONE)
581 {
582 fixP->fx_r_type = reloc_type;
583 }
584 else
585 {
586 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
587 _("unresolved expression that must be resolved"));
588 fixP->fx_done = 1;
589 return 1;
590 }
591 }
592 else if (fixP->fx_done)
593 {
594 /* We're finished with this fixup. Install it because
595 bfd_install_relocation won't be called to do it. */
596 switch (fixP->fx_r_type)
597 {
598 case BFD_RELOC_8:
599 md_number_to_chars (where, value, 1);
600 break;
601 case BFD_RELOC_16:
602 md_number_to_chars (where, value, 2);
603 break;
604 case BFD_RELOC_32:
605 md_number_to_chars (where, value, 4);
606 break;
607 /* FIXME: later add support for 64 bits. */
608 default:
609 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
610 _("internal error: can't install fix for reloc type %d (`%s')"),
611 fixP->fx_r_type, bfd_get_reloc_code_name (fixP->fx_r_type));
612 break;
613 }
614 }
615 else
616 {
617 /* bfd_install_relocation will be called to finish things up. */
618 }
619
620 /* Tuck `value' away for use by tc_gen_reloc.
621 See the comment describing fx_addnumber in write.h.
622 This field is misnamed (or misused :-). */
623 fixP->fx_addnumber = value;
624
625 return 1;
626 }
627
628 /* Translate internal representation of relocation info to BFD target format.
629
630 FIXME: To what extent can we get all relevant targets to use this? */
631
632 arelent *
633 gas_cgen_tc_gen_reloc (section, fixP)
634 asection * section;
635 fixS * fixP;
636 {
637 arelent * reloc;
638
639 reloc = (arelent *) xmalloc (sizeof (arelent));
640
641 reloc->howto = bfd_reloc_type_lookup (stdoutput, fixP->fx_r_type);
642 if (reloc->howto == (reloc_howto_type *) NULL)
643 {
644 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
645 _("internal error: can't export reloc type %d (`%s')"),
646 fixP->fx_r_type, bfd_get_reloc_code_name (fixP->fx_r_type));
647 return NULL;
648 }
649
650 assert (!fixP->fx_pcrel == !reloc->howto->pc_relative);
651
652 reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = (asymbol **) xmalloc (sizeof (asymbol *));
653 *reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = symbol_get_bfdsym (fixP->fx_addsy);
654
655 /* Use fx_offset for these cases */
656 if ( fixP->fx_r_type == BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_ENTRY
657 || fixP->fx_r_type == BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_INHERIT)
658 reloc->addend = fixP->fx_offset;
659 else
660 reloc->addend = fixP->fx_addnumber;
661
662 reloc->address = fixP->fx_frag->fr_address + fixP->fx_where;
663 return reloc;
664 }
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