include/linux/percpu-refcount.h

   1 /*
   2  * Percpu refcounts:
   3  * (C) 2012 Google, Inc.
   4  * Author: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
   5  *
   6  * This implements a refcount with similar semantics to atomic_t - atomic_inc(),
   7  * atomic_dec_and_test() - but percpu.
   8  *
   9  * There's one important difference between percpu refs and normal atomic_t
  10  * refcounts; you have to keep track of your initial refcount, and then when you
  11  * start shutting down you call percpu_ref_kill() _before_ dropping the initial
  12  * refcount.
  13  *
  14  * The refcount will have a range of 0 to ((1U << 31) - 1), i.e. one bit less
  15  * than an atomic_t - this is because of the way shutdown works, see
  16  * percpu_ref_kill()/PERCPU_COUNT_BIAS.
  17  *
  18  * Before you call percpu_ref_kill(), percpu_ref_put() does not check for the
  19  * refcount hitting 0 - it can't, if it was in percpu mode. percpu_ref_kill()
  20  * puts the ref back in single atomic_t mode, collecting the per cpu refs and
  21  * issuing the appropriate barriers, and then marks the ref as shutting down so
  22  * that percpu_ref_put() will check for the ref hitting 0.  After it returns,
  23  * it's safe to drop the initial ref.
  24  *
  25  * USAGE:
  26  *
  27  * See fs/aio.c for some example usage; it's used there for struct kioctx, which
  28  * is created when userspaces calls io_setup(), and destroyed when userspace
  29  * calls io_destroy() or the process exits.
  30  *
  31  * In the aio code, kill_ioctx() is called when we wish to destroy a kioctx; it
  32  * calls percpu_ref_kill(), then hlist_del_rcu() and synchronize_rcu() to remove
  33  * the kioctx from the proccess's list of kioctxs - after that, there can't be
  34  * any new users of the kioctx (from lookup_ioctx()) and it's then safe to drop
  35  * the initial ref with percpu_ref_put().
  36  *
  37  * Code that does a two stage shutdown like this often needs some kind of
  38  * explicit synchronization to ensure the initial refcount can only be dropped
  39  * once - percpu_ref_kill() does this for you, it returns true once and false if
  40  * someone else already called it. The aio code uses it this way, but it's not
  41  * necessary if the code has some other mechanism to synchronize teardown.
  42  * around.
  43  */
  44
  45 #ifndef _LINUX_PERCPU_REFCOUNT_H
  46 #define _LINUX_PERCPU_REFCOUNT_H
  47
  48 #include <linux/atomic.h>
  49 #include <linux/kernel.h>
  50 #include <linux/percpu.h>
  51 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
  52 #include <linux/gfp.h>
  53
  54 struct percpu_ref;
  55 typedef void (percpu_ref_func_t)(struct percpu_ref *);
  56
  57 /* flags set in the lower bits of percpu_ref->percpu_count_ptr */
  58 enum {
  59         __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC     = 1LU << 0,     /* operating in atomic mode */
  60         __PERCPU_REF_DEAD       = 1LU << 1,     /* (being) killed */
  61         __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC_DEAD = __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC | __PERCPU_REF_DEAD,
  62
  63         __PERCPU_REF_FLAG_BITS  = 2,
  64 };
  65
  66 /* @flags for percpu_ref_init() */
  67 enum {
  68         /*
  69          * Start w/ ref == 1 in atomic mode.  Can be switched to percpu
  70          * operation using percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu().  If initialized
  71          * with this flag, the ref will stay in atomic mode until
  72          * percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu() is invoked on it.
  73          */
  74         PERCPU_REF_INIT_ATOMIC  = 1 << 0,
  75
  76         /*
  77          * Start dead w/ ref == 0 in atomic mode.  Must be revived with
  78          * percpu_ref_reinit() before used.  Implies INIT_ATOMIC.
  79          */
  80         PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD    = 1 << 1,
  81 };
  82
  83 struct percpu_ref {
  84         atomic_long_t           count;
  85         /*
  86          * The low bit of the pointer indicates whether the ref is in percpu
  87          * mode; if set, then get/put will manipulate the atomic_t.
  88          */
  89         unsigned long           percpu_count_ptr;
  90         percpu_ref_func_t       *release;
  91         percpu_ref_func_t       *confirm_switch;
  92         bool                    force_atomic:1;
  93         struct rcu_head         rcu;
  94 };
  95
  96 int __must_check percpu_ref_init(struct percpu_ref *ref,
  97                                  percpu_ref_func_t *release, unsigned int flags,
  98                                  gfp_t gfp);
  99 void percpu_ref_exit(struct percpu_ref *ref);
 100 void percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic(struct percpu_ref *ref,
 101                                  percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_switch);
 102 void percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu(struct percpu_ref *ref);
 103 void percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(struct percpu_ref *ref,
 104                                  percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_kill);
 105 void percpu_ref_reinit(struct percpu_ref *ref);
 106
 107 /**
 108  * percpu_ref_kill - drop the initial ref
 109  * @ref: percpu_ref to kill
 110  *
 111  * Must be used to drop the initial ref on a percpu refcount; must be called
 112  * precisely once before shutdown.
 113  *
 114  * Puts @ref in non percpu mode, then does a call_rcu() before gathering up the
 115  * percpu counters and dropping the initial ref.
 116  */
 117 static inline void percpu_ref_kill(struct percpu_ref *ref)
 118 {
 119         percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(ref, NULL);
 120 }
 121
 122 /*
 123  * Internal helper.  Don't use outside percpu-refcount proper.  The
 124  * function doesn't return the pointer and let the caller test it for NULL
 125  * because doing so forces the compiler to generate two conditional
 126  * branches as it can't assume that @ref->percpu_count is not NULL.
 127  */
 128 static inline bool __ref_is_percpu(struct percpu_ref *ref,
 129                                           unsigned long __percpu **percpu_countp)
 130 {
 131         unsigned long percpu_ptr;
 132
 133         /*
 134          * The value of @ref->percpu_count_ptr is tested for
 135          * !__PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC, which may be set asynchronously, and then
 136          * used as a pointer.  If the compiler generates a separate fetch
 137          * when using it as a pointer, __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC may be set in
 138          * between contaminating the pointer value, meaning that
 139          * READ_ONCE() is required when fetching it.
 140          */
 141         percpu_ptr = READ_ONCE(ref->percpu_count_ptr);
 142
 143         /* paired with smp_store_release() in __percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu() */
 144         smp_read_barrier_depends();
 145
 146         /*
 147          * Theoretically, the following could test just ATOMIC; however,
 148          * then we'd have to mask off DEAD separately as DEAD may be
 149          * visible without ATOMIC if we race with percpu_ref_kill().  DEAD
 150          * implies ATOMIC anyway.  Test them together.
 151          */
 152         if (unlikely(percpu_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC_DEAD))
 153                 return false;
 154
 155         *percpu_countp = (unsigned long __percpu *)percpu_ptr;
 156         return true;
 157 }
 158
 159 /**
 160  * percpu_ref_get_many - increment a percpu refcount
 161  * @ref: percpu_ref to get
 162  * @nr: number of references to get
 163  *
 164  * Analogous to atomic_long_add().
 165  *
 166  * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 167  */
 168 static inline void percpu_ref_get_many(struct percpu_ref *ref, unsigned long nr)
 169 {
 170         unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;
 171
 172         rcu_read_lock_sched();
 173
 174         if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))
 175                 this_cpu_add(*percpu_count, nr);
 176         else
 177                 atomic_long_add(nr, &ref->count);
 178
 179         rcu_read_unlock_sched();
 180 }
 181
 182 /**
 183  * percpu_ref_get - increment a percpu refcount
 184  * @ref: percpu_ref to get
 185  *
 186  * Analagous to atomic_long_inc().
 187  *
 188  * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 189  */
 190 static inline void percpu_ref_get(struct percpu_ref *ref)
 191 {
 192         percpu_ref_get_many(ref, 1);
 193 }
 194
 195 /**
 196  * percpu_ref_tryget - try to increment a percpu refcount
 197  * @ref: percpu_ref to try-get
 198  *
 199  * Increment a percpu refcount unless its count already reached zero.
 200  * Returns %true on success; %false on failure.
 201  *
 202  * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 203  */
 204 static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget(struct percpu_ref *ref)
 205 {
 206         unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;
 207         int ret;
 208
 209         rcu_read_lock_sched();
 210
 211         if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count)) {
 212                 this_cpu_inc(*percpu_count);
 213                 ret = true;
 214         } else {
 215                 ret = atomic_long_inc_not_zero(&ref->count);
 216         }
 217
 218         rcu_read_unlock_sched();
 219
 220         return ret;
 221 }
 222
 223 /**
 224  * percpu_ref_tryget_live - try to increment a live percpu refcount
 225  * @ref: percpu_ref to try-get
 226  *
 227  * Increment a percpu refcount unless it has already been killed.  Returns
 228  * %true on success; %false on failure.
 229  *
 230  * Completion of percpu_ref_kill() in itself doesn't guarantee that this
 231  * function will fail.  For such guarantee, percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm()
 232  * should be used.  After the confirm_kill callback is invoked, it's
 233  * guaranteed that no new reference will be given out by
 234  * percpu_ref_tryget_live().
 235  *
 236  * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 237  */
 238 static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget_live(struct percpu_ref *ref)
 239 {
 240         unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;
 241         int ret = false;
 242
 243         rcu_read_lock_sched();
 244
 245         if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count)) {
 246                 this_cpu_inc(*percpu_count);
 247                 ret = true;
 248         } else if (!(ref->percpu_count_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_DEAD)) {
 249                 ret = atomic_long_inc_not_zero(&ref->count);
 250         }
 251
 252         rcu_read_unlock_sched();
 253
 254         return ret;
 255 }
 256
 257 /**
 258  * percpu_ref_put_many - decrement a percpu refcount
 259  * @ref: percpu_ref to put
 260  * @nr: number of references to put
 261  *
 262  * Decrement the refcount, and if 0, call the release function (which was passed
 263  * to percpu_ref_init())
 264  *
 265  * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 266  */
 267 static inline void percpu_ref_put_many(struct percpu_ref *ref, unsigned long nr)
 268 {
 269         unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;
 270
 271         rcu_read_lock_sched();
 272
 273         if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))
 274                 this_cpu_sub(*percpu_count, nr);
 275         else if (unlikely(atomic_long_sub_and_test(nr, &ref->count)))
 276                 ref->release(ref);
 277
 278         rcu_read_unlock_sched();
 279 }
 280
 281 /**
 282  * percpu_ref_put - decrement a percpu refcount
 283  * @ref: percpu_ref to put
 284  *
 285  * Decrement the refcount, and if 0, call the release function (which was passed
 286  * to percpu_ref_init())
 287  *
 288  * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 289  */
 290 static inline void percpu_ref_put(struct percpu_ref *ref)
 291 {
 292         percpu_ref_put_many(ref, 1);
 293 }
 294
 295 /**
 296  * percpu_ref_is_dying - test whether a percpu refcount is dying or dead
 297  * @ref: percpu_ref to test
 298  *
 299  * Returns %true if @ref is dying or dead.
 300  *
 301  * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit
 302  * and the caller is responsible for synchronizing against state changes.
 303  */
 304 static inline bool percpu_ref_is_dying(struct percpu_ref *ref)
 305 {
 306         return ref->percpu_count_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_DEAD;
 307 }
 308
 309 /**
 310  * percpu_ref_is_zero - test whether a percpu refcount reached zero
 311  * @ref: percpu_ref to test
 312  *
 313  * Returns %true if @ref reached zero.
 314  *
 315  * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 316  */
 317 static inline bool percpu_ref_is_zero(struct percpu_ref *ref)
 318 {
 319         unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;
 320
 321         if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))
 322                 return false;
 323         return !atomic_long_read(&ref->count);
 324 }
 325
 326 #endif