Merge remote-tracking branch 'xen-tip/linux-next'

[deliverable/linux.git] / net / ipv4 / tcp_input.c

/*
 * INET         An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
 *              operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
 *              interface as the means of communication with the user level.
 *
 *              Implementation of the Transmission Control Protocol(TCP).
 *
 * Authors:     Ross Biro
 *              Fred N. van Kempen, <waltje@uWalt.NL.Mugnet.ORG>
 *              Mark Evans, <evansmp@uhura.aston.ac.uk>
 *              Corey Minyard <wf-rch!minyard@relay.EU.net>
 *              Florian La Roche, <flla@stud.uni-sb.de>
 *              Charles Hedrick, <hedrick@klinzhai.rutgers.edu>
 *              Linus Torvalds, <torvalds@cs.helsinki.fi>
 *              Alan Cox, <gw4pts@gw4pts.ampr.org>
 *              Matthew Dillon, <dillon@apollo.west.oic.com>
 *              Arnt Gulbrandsen, <agulbra@nvg.unit.no>
 *              Jorge Cwik, <jorge@laser.satlink.net>
 */

/*
 * Changes:
 *              Pedro Roque     :       Fast Retransmit/Recovery.
 *                                      Two receive queues.
 *                                      Retransmit queue handled by TCP.
 *                                      Better retransmit timer handling.
 *                                      New congestion avoidance.
 *                                      Header prediction.
 *                                      Variable renaming.
 *
 *              Eric            :       Fast Retransmit.
 *              Randy Scott     :       MSS option defines.
 *              Eric Schenk     :       Fixes to slow start algorithm.
 *              Eric Schenk     :       Yet another double ACK bug.
 *              Eric Schenk     :       Delayed ACK bug fixes.
 *              Eric Schenk     :       Floyd style fast retrans war avoidance.
 *              David S. Miller :       Don't allow zero congestion window.
 *              Eric Schenk     :       Fix retransmitter so that it sends
 *                                      next packet on ack of previous packet.
 *              Andi Kleen      :       Moved open_request checking here
 *                                      and process RSTs for open_requests.
 *              Andi Kleen      :       Better prune_queue, and other fixes.
 *              Andrey Savochkin:       Fix RTT measurements in the presence of
 *                                      timestamps.
 *              Andrey Savochkin:       Check sequence numbers correctly when
 *                                      removing SACKs due to in sequence incoming
 *                                      data segments.
 *              Andi Kleen:             Make sure we never ack data there is not
 *                                      enough room for. Also make this condition
 *                                      a fatal error if it might still happen.
 *              Andi Kleen:             Add tcp_measure_rcv_mss to make
 *                                      connections with MSS<min(MTU,ann. MSS)
 *                                      work without delayed acks.
 *              Andi Kleen:             Process packets with PSH set in the
 *                                      fast path.
 *              J Hadi Salim:           ECN support
 *              Andrei Gurtov,
 *              Pasi Sarolahti,
 *              Panu Kuhlberg:          Experimental audit of TCP (re)transmission
 *                                      engine. Lots of bugs are found.
 *              Pasi Sarolahti:         F-RTO for dealing with spurious RTOs
 */

#define pr_fmt(fmt) "TCP: " fmt

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/prefetch.h>
#include <net/dst.h>
#include <net/tcp.h>
#include <net/inet_common.h>
#include <linux/ipsec.h>
#include <asm/unaligned.h>
#include <linux/errqueue.h>

int sysctl_tcp_timestamps __read_mostly = 1;
int sysctl_tcp_window_scaling __read_mostly = 1;
int sysctl_tcp_sack __read_mostly = 1;
int sysctl_tcp_fack __read_mostly = 1;
int sysctl_tcp_max_reordering __read_mostly = 300;
int sysctl_tcp_dsack __read_mostly = 1;
int sysctl_tcp_app_win __read_mostly = 31;
int sysctl_tcp_adv_win_scale __read_mostly = 1;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(sysctl_tcp_adv_win_scale);

/* rfc5961 challenge ack rate limiting */
int sysctl_tcp_challenge_ack_limit = 1000;

int sysctl_tcp_stdurg __read_mostly;
int sysctl_tcp_rfc1337 __read_mostly;
int sysctl_tcp_max_orphans __read_mostly = NR_FILE;
int sysctl_tcp_frto __read_mostly = 2;
int sysctl_tcp_min_rtt_wlen __read_mostly = 300;

int sysctl_tcp_thin_dupack __read_mostly;

int sysctl_tcp_moderate_rcvbuf __read_mostly = 1;
int sysctl_tcp_early_retrans __read_mostly = 3;
int sysctl_tcp_invalid_ratelimit __read_mostly = HZ/2;

#define FLAG_DATA               0x01 /* Incoming frame contained data.          */
#define FLAG_WIN_UPDATE         0x02 /* Incoming ACK was a window update.       */
#define FLAG_DATA_ACKED         0x04 /* This ACK acknowledged new data.         */
#define FLAG_RETRANS_DATA_ACKED 0x08 /* "" "" some of which was retransmitted.  */
#define FLAG_SYN_ACKED          0x10 /* This ACK acknowledged SYN.              */
#define FLAG_DATA_SACKED        0x20 /* New SACK.                               */
#define FLAG_ECE                0x40 /* ECE in this ACK                         */
#define FLAG_LOST_RETRANS       0x80 /* This ACK marks some retransmission lost */
#define FLAG_SLOWPATH           0x100 /* Do not skip RFC checks for window update.*/
#define FLAG_ORIG_SACK_ACKED    0x200 /* Never retransmitted data are (s)acked  */
#define FLAG_SND_UNA_ADVANCED   0x400 /* Snd_una was changed (!= FLAG_DATA_ACKED) */
#define FLAG_DSACKING_ACK       0x800 /* SACK blocks contained D-SACK info */
#define FLAG_SACK_RENEGING      0x2000 /* snd_una advanced to a sacked seq */
#define FLAG_UPDATE_TS_RECENT   0x4000 /* tcp_replace_ts_recent() */

#define FLAG_ACKED              (FLAG_DATA_ACKED|FLAG_SYN_ACKED)
#define FLAG_NOT_DUP            (FLAG_DATA|FLAG_WIN_UPDATE|FLAG_ACKED)
#define FLAG_CA_ALERT           (FLAG_DATA_SACKED|FLAG_ECE)
#define FLAG_FORWARD_PROGRESS   (FLAG_ACKED|FLAG_DATA_SACKED)

#define TCP_REMNANT (TCP_FLAG_FIN|TCP_FLAG_URG|TCP_FLAG_SYN|TCP_FLAG_PSH)
#define TCP_HP_BITS (~(TCP_RESERVED_BITS|TCP_FLAG_PSH))

#define REXMIT_NONE     0 /* no loss recovery to do */
#define REXMIT_LOST     1 /* retransmit packets marked lost */
#define REXMIT_NEW      2 /* FRTO-style transmit of unsent/new packets */

/* Adapt the MSS value used to make delayed ack decision to the
 * real world.
 */
static void tcp_measure_rcv_mss(struct sock *sk, const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        const unsigned int lss = icsk->icsk_ack.last_seg_size;
        unsigned int len;

        icsk->icsk_ack.last_seg_size = 0;

        /* skb->len may jitter because of SACKs, even if peer
         * sends good full-sized frames.
         */
        len = skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size ? : skb->len;
        if (len >= icsk->icsk_ack.rcv_mss) {
                icsk->icsk_ack.rcv_mss = len;
        } else {
                /* Otherwise, we make more careful check taking into account,
                 * that SACKs block is variable.
                 *
                 * "len" is invariant segment length, including TCP header.
                 */
                len += skb->data - skb_transport_header(skb);
                if (len >= TCP_MSS_DEFAULT + sizeof(struct tcphdr) ||
                    /* If PSH is not set, packet should be
                     * full sized, provided peer TCP is not badly broken.
                     * This observation (if it is correct 8)) allows
                     * to handle super-low mtu links fairly.
                     */
                    (len >= TCP_MIN_MSS + sizeof(struct tcphdr) &&
                     !(tcp_flag_word(tcp_hdr(skb)) & TCP_REMNANT))) {
                        /* Subtract also invariant (if peer is RFC compliant),
                         * tcp header plus fixed timestamp option length.
                         * Resulting "len" is MSS free of SACK jitter.
                         */
                        len -= tcp_sk(sk)->tcp_header_len;
                        icsk->icsk_ack.last_seg_size = len;
                        if (len == lss) {
                                icsk->icsk_ack.rcv_mss = len;
                                return;
                        }
                }
                if (icsk->icsk_ack.pending & ICSK_ACK_PUSHED)
                        icsk->icsk_ack.pending |= ICSK_ACK_PUSHED2;
                icsk->icsk_ack.pending |= ICSK_ACK_PUSHED;
        }
}

static void tcp_incr_quickack(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        unsigned int quickacks = tcp_sk(sk)->rcv_wnd / (2 * icsk->icsk_ack.rcv_mss);

        if (quickacks == 0)
                quickacks = 2;
        if (quickacks > icsk->icsk_ack.quick)
                icsk->icsk_ack.quick = min(quickacks, TCP_MAX_QUICKACKS);
}

static void tcp_enter_quickack_mode(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        tcp_incr_quickack(sk);
        icsk->icsk_ack.pingpong = 0;
        icsk->icsk_ack.ato = TCP_ATO_MIN;
}

/* Send ACKs quickly, if "quick" count is not exhausted
 * and the session is not interactive.
 */

static bool tcp_in_quickack_mode(struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        const struct dst_entry *dst = __sk_dst_get(sk);

        return (dst && dst_metric(dst, RTAX_QUICKACK)) ||
                (icsk->icsk_ack.quick && !icsk->icsk_ack.pingpong);
}

static void tcp_ecn_queue_cwr(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        if (tp->ecn_flags & TCP_ECN_OK)
                tp->ecn_flags |= TCP_ECN_QUEUE_CWR;
}

static void tcp_ecn_accept_cwr(struct tcp_sock *tp, const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        if (tcp_hdr(skb)->cwr)
                tp->ecn_flags &= ~TCP_ECN_DEMAND_CWR;
}

static void tcp_ecn_withdraw_cwr(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        tp->ecn_flags &= ~TCP_ECN_DEMAND_CWR;
}

static void __tcp_ecn_check_ce(struct tcp_sock *tp, const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        switch (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ip_dsfield & INET_ECN_MASK) {
        case INET_ECN_NOT_ECT:
                /* Funny extension: if ECT is not set on a segment,
                 * and we already seen ECT on a previous segment,
                 * it is probably a retransmit.
                 */
                if (tp->ecn_flags & TCP_ECN_SEEN)
                        tcp_enter_quickack_mode((struct sock *)tp);
                break;
        case INET_ECN_CE:
                if (tcp_ca_needs_ecn((struct sock *)tp))
                        tcp_ca_event((struct sock *)tp, CA_EVENT_ECN_IS_CE);

                if (!(tp->ecn_flags & TCP_ECN_DEMAND_CWR)) {
                        /* Better not delay acks, sender can have a very low cwnd */
                        tcp_enter_quickack_mode((struct sock *)tp);
                        tp->ecn_flags |= TCP_ECN_DEMAND_CWR;
                }
                tp->ecn_flags |= TCP_ECN_SEEN;
                break;
        default:
                if (tcp_ca_needs_ecn((struct sock *)tp))
                        tcp_ca_event((struct sock *)tp, CA_EVENT_ECN_NO_CE);
                tp->ecn_flags |= TCP_ECN_SEEN;
                break;
        }
}

static void tcp_ecn_check_ce(struct tcp_sock *tp, const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        if (tp->ecn_flags & TCP_ECN_OK)
                __tcp_ecn_check_ce(tp, skb);
}

static void tcp_ecn_rcv_synack(struct tcp_sock *tp, const struct tcphdr *th)
{
        if ((tp->ecn_flags & TCP_ECN_OK) && (!th->ece || th->cwr))
                tp->ecn_flags &= ~TCP_ECN_OK;
}

static void tcp_ecn_rcv_syn(struct tcp_sock *tp, const struct tcphdr *th)
{
        if ((tp->ecn_flags & TCP_ECN_OK) && (!th->ece || !th->cwr))
                tp->ecn_flags &= ~TCP_ECN_OK;
}

static bool tcp_ecn_rcv_ecn_echo(const struct tcp_sock *tp, const struct tcphdr *th)
{
        if (th->ece && !th->syn && (tp->ecn_flags & TCP_ECN_OK))
                return true;
        return false;
}

/* Buffer size and advertised window tuning.
 *
 * 1. Tuning sk->sk_sndbuf, when connection enters established state.
 */

static void tcp_sndbuf_expand(struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        int sndmem, per_mss;
        u32 nr_segs;

        /* Worst case is non GSO/TSO : each frame consumes one skb
         * and skb->head is kmalloced using power of two area of memory
         */
        per_mss = max_t(u32, tp->rx_opt.mss_clamp, tp->mss_cache) +
                  MAX_TCP_HEADER +
                  SKB_DATA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct skb_shared_info));

        per_mss = roundup_pow_of_two(per_mss) +
                  SKB_DATA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct sk_buff));

        nr_segs = max_t(u32, TCP_INIT_CWND, tp->snd_cwnd);
        nr_segs = max_t(u32, nr_segs, tp->reordering + 1);

        /* Fast Recovery (RFC 5681 3.2) :
         * Cubic needs 1.7 factor, rounded to 2 to include
         * extra cushion (application might react slowly to POLLOUT)
         */
        sndmem = 2 * nr_segs * per_mss;

        if (sk->sk_sndbuf < sndmem)
                sk->sk_sndbuf = min(sndmem, sysctl_tcp_wmem[2]);
}

/* 2. Tuning advertised window (window_clamp, rcv_ssthresh)
 *
 * All tcp_full_space() is split to two parts: "network" buffer, allocated
 * forward and advertised in receiver window (tp->rcv_wnd) and
 * "application buffer", required to isolate scheduling/application
 * latencies from network.
 * window_clamp is maximal advertised window. It can be less than
 * tcp_full_space(), in this case tcp_full_space() - window_clamp
 * is reserved for "application" buffer. The less window_clamp is
 * the smoother our behaviour from viewpoint of network, but the lower
 * throughput and the higher sensitivity of the connection to losses. 8)
 *
 * rcv_ssthresh is more strict window_clamp used at "slow start"
 * phase to predict further behaviour of this connection.
 * It is used for two goals:
 * - to enforce header prediction at sender, even when application
 *   requires some significant "application buffer". It is check #1.
 * - to prevent pruning of receive queue because of misprediction
 *   of receiver window. Check #2.
 *
 * The scheme does not work when sender sends good segments opening
 * window and then starts to feed us spaghetti. But it should work
 * in common situations. Otherwise, we have to rely on queue collapsing.
 */

/* Slow part of check#2. */
static int __tcp_grow_window(const struct sock *sk, const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        /* Optimize this! */
        int truesize = tcp_win_from_space(skb->truesize) >> 1;
        int window = tcp_win_from_space(sysctl_tcp_rmem[2]) >> 1;

        while (tp->rcv_ssthresh <= window) {
                if (truesize <= skb->len)
                        return 2 * inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ack.rcv_mss;

                truesize >>= 1;
                window >>= 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

static void tcp_grow_window(struct sock *sk, const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        /* Check #1 */
        if (tp->rcv_ssthresh < tp->window_clamp &&
            (int)tp->rcv_ssthresh < tcp_space(sk) &&
            !tcp_under_memory_pressure(sk)) {
                int incr;

                /* Check #2. Increase window, if skb with such overhead
                 * will fit to rcvbuf in future.
                 */
                if (tcp_win_from_space(skb->truesize) <= skb->len)
                        incr = 2 * tp->advmss;
                else
                        incr = __tcp_grow_window(sk, skb);

                if (incr) {
                        incr = max_t(int, incr, 2 * skb->len);
                        tp->rcv_ssthresh = min(tp->rcv_ssthresh + incr,
                                               tp->window_clamp);
                        inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ack.quick |= 1;
                }
        }
}

/* 3. Tuning rcvbuf, when connection enters established state. */
static void tcp_fixup_rcvbuf(struct sock *sk)
{
        u32 mss = tcp_sk(sk)->advmss;
        int rcvmem;

        rcvmem = 2 * SKB_TRUESIZE(mss + MAX_TCP_HEADER) *
                 tcp_default_init_rwnd(mss);

        /* Dynamic Right Sizing (DRS) has 2 to 3 RTT latency
         * Allow enough cushion so that sender is not limited by our window
         */
        if (sysctl_tcp_moderate_rcvbuf)
                rcvmem <<= 2;

        if (sk->sk_rcvbuf < rcvmem)
                sk->sk_rcvbuf = min(rcvmem, sysctl_tcp_rmem[2]);
}

/* 4. Try to fixup all. It is made immediately after connection enters
 *    established state.
 */
void tcp_init_buffer_space(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        int maxwin;

        if (!(sk->sk_userlocks & SOCK_RCVBUF_LOCK))
                tcp_fixup_rcvbuf(sk);
        if (!(sk->sk_userlocks & SOCK_SNDBUF_LOCK))
                tcp_sndbuf_expand(sk);

        tp->rcvq_space.space = tp->rcv_wnd;
        tp->rcvq_space.time = tcp_time_stamp;
        tp->rcvq_space.seq = tp->copied_seq;

        maxwin = tcp_full_space(sk);

        if (tp->window_clamp >= maxwin) {
                tp->window_clamp = maxwin;

                if (sysctl_tcp_app_win && maxwin > 4 * tp->advmss)
                        tp->window_clamp = max(maxwin -
                                               (maxwin >> sysctl_tcp_app_win),
                                               4 * tp->advmss);
        }

        /* Force reservation of one segment. */
        if (sysctl_tcp_app_win &&
            tp->window_clamp > 2 * tp->advmss &&
            tp->window_clamp + tp->advmss > maxwin)
                tp->window_clamp = max(2 * tp->advmss, maxwin - tp->advmss);

        tp->rcv_ssthresh = min(tp->rcv_ssthresh, tp->window_clamp);
        tp->snd_cwnd_stamp = tcp_time_stamp;
}

/* 5. Recalculate window clamp after socket hit its memory bounds. */
static void tcp_clamp_window(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);

        icsk->icsk_ack.quick = 0;

        if (sk->sk_rcvbuf < sysctl_tcp_rmem[2] &&
            !(sk->sk_userlocks & SOCK_RCVBUF_LOCK) &&
            !tcp_under_memory_pressure(sk) &&
            sk_memory_allocated(sk) < sk_prot_mem_limits(sk, 0)) {
                sk->sk_rcvbuf = min(atomic_read(&sk->sk_rmem_alloc),
                                    sysctl_tcp_rmem[2]);
        }
        if (atomic_read(&sk->sk_rmem_alloc) > sk->sk_rcvbuf)
                tp->rcv_ssthresh = min(tp->window_clamp, 2U * tp->advmss);
}

/* Initialize RCV_MSS value.
 * RCV_MSS is an our guess about MSS used by the peer.
 * We haven't any direct information about the MSS.
 * It's better to underestimate the RCV_MSS rather than overestimate.
 * Overestimations make us ACKing less frequently than needed.
 * Underestimations are more easy to detect and fix by tcp_measure_rcv_mss().
 */
void tcp_initialize_rcv_mss(struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        unsigned int hint = min_t(unsigned int, tp->advmss, tp->mss_cache);

        hint = min(hint, tp->rcv_wnd / 2);
        hint = min(hint, TCP_MSS_DEFAULT);
        hint = max(hint, TCP_MIN_MSS);

        inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ack.rcv_mss = hint;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_initialize_rcv_mss);

/* Receiver "autotuning" code.
 *
 * The algorithm for RTT estimation w/o timestamps is based on
 * Dynamic Right-Sizing (DRS) by Wu Feng and Mike Fisk of LANL.
 * <http://public.lanl.gov/radiant/pubs.html#DRS>
 *
 * More detail on this code can be found at
 * <http://staff.psc.edu/jheffner/>,
 * though this reference is out of date.  A new paper
 * is pending.
 */
static void tcp_rcv_rtt_update(struct tcp_sock *tp, u32 sample, int win_dep)
{
        u32 new_sample = tp->rcv_rtt_est.rtt;
        long m = sample;

        if (m == 0)
                m = 1;

        if (new_sample != 0) {
                /* If we sample in larger samples in the non-timestamp
                 * case, we could grossly overestimate the RTT especially
                 * with chatty applications or bulk transfer apps which
                 * are stalled on filesystem I/O.
                 *
                 * Also, since we are only going for a minimum in the
                 * non-timestamp case, we do not smooth things out
                 * else with timestamps disabled convergence takes too
                 * long.
                 */
                if (!win_dep) {
                        m -= (new_sample >> 3);
                        new_sample += m;
                } else {
                        m <<= 3;
                        if (m < new_sample)
                                new_sample = m;
                }
        } else {
                /* No previous measure. */
                new_sample = m << 3;
        }

        if (tp->rcv_rtt_est.rtt != new_sample)
                tp->rcv_rtt_est.rtt = new_sample;
}

static inline void tcp_rcv_rtt_measure(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        if (tp->rcv_rtt_est.time == 0)
                goto new_measure;
        if (before(tp->rcv_nxt, tp->rcv_rtt_est.seq))
                return;
        tcp_rcv_rtt_update(tp, tcp_time_stamp - tp->rcv_rtt_est.time, 1);

new_measure:
        tp->rcv_rtt_est.seq = tp->rcv_nxt + tp->rcv_wnd;
        tp->rcv_rtt_est.time = tcp_time_stamp;
}

static inline void tcp_rcv_rtt_measure_ts(struct sock *sk,
                                          const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        if (tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr &&
            (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq -
             TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq >= inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ack.rcv_mss))
                tcp_rcv_rtt_update(tp, tcp_time_stamp - tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr, 0);
}

/*
 * This function should be called every time data is copied to user space.
 * It calculates the appropriate TCP receive buffer space.
 */
void tcp_rcv_space_adjust(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        int time;
        int copied;

        time = tcp_time_stamp - tp->rcvq_space.time;
        if (time < (tp->rcv_rtt_est.rtt >> 3) || tp->rcv_rtt_est.rtt == 0)
                return;

        /* Number of bytes copied to user in last RTT */
        copied = tp->copied_seq - tp->rcvq_space.seq;
        if (copied <= tp->rcvq_space.space)
                goto new_measure;

        /* A bit of theory :
         * copied = bytes received in previous RTT, our base window
         * To cope with packet losses, we need a 2x factor
         * To cope with slow start, and sender growing its cwin by 100 %
         * every RTT, we need a 4x factor, because the ACK we are sending
         * now is for the next RTT, not the current one :
         * <prev RTT . ><current RTT .. ><next RTT .... >
         */

        if (sysctl_tcp_moderate_rcvbuf &&
            !(sk->sk_userlocks & SOCK_RCVBUF_LOCK)) {
                int rcvwin, rcvmem, rcvbuf;

                /* minimal window to cope with packet losses, assuming
                 * steady state. Add some cushion because of small variations.
                 */
                rcvwin = (copied << 1) + 16 * tp->advmss;

                /* If rate increased by 25%,
                 *      assume slow start, rcvwin = 3 * copied
                 * If rate increased by 50%,
                 *      assume sender can use 2x growth, rcvwin = 4 * copied
                 */
                if (copied >=
                    tp->rcvq_space.space + (tp->rcvq_space.space >> 2)) {
                        if (copied >=
                            tp->rcvq_space.space + (tp->rcvq_space.space >> 1))
                                rcvwin <<= 1;
                        else
                                rcvwin += (rcvwin >> 1);
                }

                rcvmem = SKB_TRUESIZE(tp->advmss + MAX_TCP_HEADER);
                while (tcp_win_from_space(rcvmem) < tp->advmss)
                        rcvmem += 128;

                rcvbuf = min(rcvwin / tp->advmss * rcvmem, sysctl_tcp_rmem[2]);
                if (rcvbuf > sk->sk_rcvbuf) {
                        sk->sk_rcvbuf = rcvbuf;

                        /* Make the window clamp follow along.  */
                        tp->window_clamp = rcvwin;
                }
        }
        tp->rcvq_space.space = copied;

new_measure:
        tp->rcvq_space.seq = tp->copied_seq;
        tp->rcvq_space.time = tcp_time_stamp;
}

/* There is something which you must keep in mind when you analyze the
 * behavior of the tp->ato delayed ack timeout interval.  When a
 * connection starts up, we want to ack as quickly as possible.  The
 * problem is that "good" TCP's do slow start at the beginning of data
 * transmission.  The means that until we send the first few ACK's the
 * sender will sit on his end and only queue most of his data, because
 * he can only send snd_cwnd unacked packets at any given time.  For
 * each ACK we send, he increments snd_cwnd and transmits more of his
 * queue.  -DaveM
 */
static void tcp_event_data_recv(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        u32 now;

        inet_csk_schedule_ack(sk);

        tcp_measure_rcv_mss(sk, skb);

        tcp_rcv_rtt_measure(tp);

        now = tcp_time_stamp;

        if (!icsk->icsk_ack.ato) {
                /* The _first_ data packet received, initialize
                 * delayed ACK engine.
                 */
                tcp_incr_quickack(sk);
                icsk->icsk_ack.ato = TCP_ATO_MIN;
        } else {
                int m = now - icsk->icsk_ack.lrcvtime;

                if (m <= TCP_ATO_MIN / 2) {
                        /* The fastest case is the first. */
                        icsk->icsk_ack.ato = (icsk->icsk_ack.ato >> 1) + TCP_ATO_MIN / 2;
                } else if (m < icsk->icsk_ack.ato) {
                        icsk->icsk_ack.ato = (icsk->icsk_ack.ato >> 1) + m;
                        if (icsk->icsk_ack.ato > icsk->icsk_rto)
                                icsk->icsk_ack.ato = icsk->icsk_rto;
                } else if (m > icsk->icsk_rto) {
                        /* Too long gap. Apparently sender failed to
                         * restart window, so that we send ACKs quickly.
                         */
                        tcp_incr_quickack(sk);
                        sk_mem_reclaim(sk);
                }
        }
        icsk->icsk_ack.lrcvtime = now;

        tcp_ecn_check_ce(tp, skb);

        if (skb->len >= 128)
                tcp_grow_window(sk, skb);
}

/* Called to compute a smoothed rtt estimate. The data fed to this
 * routine either comes from timestamps, or from segments that were
 * known _not_ to have been retransmitted [see Karn/Partridge
 * Proceedings SIGCOMM 87]. The algorithm is from the SIGCOMM 88
 * piece by Van Jacobson.
 * NOTE: the next three routines used to be one big routine.
 * To save cycles in the RFC 1323 implementation it was better to break
 * it up into three procedures. -- erics
 */
static void tcp_rtt_estimator(struct sock *sk, long mrtt_us)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        long m = mrtt_us; /* RTT */
        u32 srtt = tp->srtt_us;

        /*      The following amusing code comes from Jacobson's
         *      article in SIGCOMM '88.  Note that rtt and mdev
         *      are scaled versions of rtt and mean deviation.
         *      This is designed to be as fast as possible
         *      m stands for "measurement".
         *
         *      On a 1990 paper the rto value is changed to:
         *      RTO = rtt + 4 * mdev
         *
         * Funny. This algorithm seems to be very broken.
         * These formulae increase RTO, when it should be decreased, increase
         * too slowly, when it should be increased quickly, decrease too quickly
         * etc. I guess in BSD RTO takes ONE value, so that it is absolutely
         * does not matter how to _calculate_ it. Seems, it was trap
         * that VJ failed to avoid. 8)
         */
        if (srtt != 0) {
                m -= (srtt >> 3);       /* m is now error in rtt est */
                srtt += m;              /* rtt = 7/8 rtt + 1/8 new */
                if (m < 0) {
                        m = -m;         /* m is now abs(error) */
                        m -= (tp->mdev_us >> 2);   /* similar update on mdev */
                        /* This is similar to one of Eifel findings.
                         * Eifel blocks mdev updates when rtt decreases.
                         * This solution is a bit different: we use finer gain
                         * for mdev in this case (alpha*beta).
                         * Like Eifel it also prevents growth of rto,
                         * but also it limits too fast rto decreases,
                         * happening in pure Eifel.
                         */
                        if (m > 0)
                                m >>= 3;
                } else {
                        m -= (tp->mdev_us >> 2);   /* similar update on mdev */
                }
                tp->mdev_us += m;               /* mdev = 3/4 mdev + 1/4 new */
                if (tp->mdev_us > tp->mdev_max_us) {
                        tp->mdev_max_us = tp->mdev_us;
                        if (tp->mdev_max_us > tp->rttvar_us)
                                tp->rttvar_us = tp->mdev_max_us;
                }
                if (after(tp->snd_una, tp->rtt_seq)) {
                        if (tp->mdev_max_us < tp->rttvar_us)
                                tp->rttvar_us -= (tp->rttvar_us - tp->mdev_max_us) >> 2;
                        tp->rtt_seq = tp->snd_nxt;
                        tp->mdev_max_us = tcp_rto_min_us(sk);
                }
        } else {
                /* no previous measure. */
                srtt = m << 3;          /* take the measured time to be rtt */
                tp->mdev_us = m << 1;   /* make sure rto = 3*rtt */
                tp->rttvar_us = max(tp->mdev_us, tcp_rto_min_us(sk));
                tp->mdev_max_us = tp->rttvar_us;
                tp->rtt_seq = tp->snd_nxt;
        }
        tp->srtt_us = max(1U, srtt);
}

/* Set the sk_pacing_rate to allow proper sizing of TSO packets.
 * Note: TCP stack does not yet implement pacing.
 * FQ packet scheduler can be used to implement cheap but effective
 * TCP pacing, to smooth the burst on large writes when packets
 * in flight is significantly lower than cwnd (or rwin)
 */
int sysctl_tcp_pacing_ss_ratio __read_mostly = 200;
int sysctl_tcp_pacing_ca_ratio __read_mostly = 120;

static void tcp_update_pacing_rate(struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        u64 rate;

        /* set sk_pacing_rate to 200 % of current rate (mss * cwnd / srtt) */
        rate = (u64)tp->mss_cache * ((USEC_PER_SEC / 100) << 3);

        /* current rate is (cwnd * mss) / srtt
         * In Slow Start [1], set sk_pacing_rate to 200 % the current rate.
         * In Congestion Avoidance phase, set it to 120 % the current rate.
         *
         * [1] : Normal Slow Start condition is (tp->snd_cwnd < tp->snd_ssthresh)
         *       If snd_cwnd >= (tp->snd_ssthresh / 2), we are approaching
         *       end of slow start and should slow down.
         */
        if (tp->snd_cwnd < tp->snd_ssthresh / 2)
                rate *= sysctl_tcp_pacing_ss_ratio;
        else
                rate *= sysctl_tcp_pacing_ca_ratio;

        rate *= max(tp->snd_cwnd, tp->packets_out);

        if (likely(tp->srtt_us))
                do_div(rate, tp->srtt_us);

        /* ACCESS_ONCE() is needed because sch_fq fetches sk_pacing_rate
         * without any lock. We want to make sure compiler wont store
         * intermediate values in this location.
         */
        ACCESS_ONCE(sk->sk_pacing_rate) = min_t(u64, rate,
                                                sk->sk_max_pacing_rate);
}

/* Calculate rto without backoff.  This is the second half of Van Jacobson's
 * routine referred to above.
 */
static void tcp_set_rto(struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        /* Old crap is replaced with new one. 8)
         *
         * More seriously:
         * 1. If rtt variance happened to be less 50msec, it is hallucination.
         *    It cannot be less due to utterly erratic ACK generation made
         *    at least by solaris and freebsd. "Erratic ACKs" has _nothing_
         *    to do with delayed acks, because at cwnd>2 true delack timeout
         *    is invisible. Actually, Linux-2.4 also generates erratic
         *    ACKs in some circumstances.
         */
        inet_csk(sk)->icsk_rto = __tcp_set_rto(tp);

        /* 2. Fixups made earlier cannot be right.
         *    If we do not estimate RTO correctly without them,
         *    all the algo is pure shit and should be replaced
         *    with correct one. It is exactly, which we pretend to do.
         */

        /* NOTE: clamping at TCP_RTO_MIN is not required, current algo
         * guarantees that rto is higher.
         */
        tcp_bound_rto(sk);
}

__u32 tcp_init_cwnd(const struct tcp_sock *tp, const struct dst_entry *dst)
{
        __u32 cwnd = (dst ? dst_metric(dst, RTAX_INITCWND) : 0);

        if (!cwnd)
                cwnd = TCP_INIT_CWND;
        return min_t(__u32, cwnd, tp->snd_cwnd_clamp);
}

/*
 * Packet counting of FACK is based on in-order assumptions, therefore TCP
 * disables it when reordering is detected
 */
void tcp_disable_fack(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        /* RFC3517 uses different metric in lost marker => reset on change */
        if (tcp_is_fack(tp))
                tp->lost_skb_hint = NULL;
        tp->rx_opt.sack_ok &= ~TCP_FACK_ENABLED;
}

/* Take a notice that peer is sending D-SACKs */
static void tcp_dsack_seen(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        tp->rx_opt.sack_ok |= TCP_DSACK_SEEN;
}

static void tcp_update_reordering(struct sock *sk, const int metric,
                                  const int ts)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        if (metric > tp->reordering) {
                int mib_idx;

                tp->reordering = min(sysctl_tcp_max_reordering, metric);

                /* This exciting event is worth to be remembered. 8) */
                if (ts)
                        mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPTSREORDER;
                else if (tcp_is_reno(tp))
                        mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPRENOREORDER;
                else if (tcp_is_fack(tp))
                        mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPFACKREORDER;
                else
                        mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPSACKREORDER;

                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), mib_idx);
#if FASTRETRANS_DEBUG > 1
                pr_debug("Disorder%d %d %u f%u s%u rr%d\n",
                         tp->rx_opt.sack_ok, inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_state,
                         tp->reordering,
                         tp->fackets_out,
                         tp->sacked_out,
                         tp->undo_marker ? tp->undo_retrans : 0);
#endif
                tcp_disable_fack(tp);
        }

        if (metric > 0)
                tcp_disable_early_retrans(tp);
        tp->rack.reord = 1;
}

/* This must be called before lost_out is incremented */
static void tcp_verify_retransmit_hint(struct tcp_sock *tp, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        if (!tp->retransmit_skb_hint ||
            before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq,
                   TCP_SKB_CB(tp->retransmit_skb_hint)->seq))
                tp->retransmit_skb_hint = skb;

        if (!tp->lost_out ||
            after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, tp->retransmit_high))
                tp->retransmit_high = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;
}

static void tcp_skb_mark_lost(struct tcp_sock *tp, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        if (!(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & (TCPCB_LOST|TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED))) {
                tcp_verify_retransmit_hint(tp, skb);

                tp->lost_out += tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
                TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked |= TCPCB_LOST;
        }
}

void tcp_skb_mark_lost_uncond_verify(struct tcp_sock *tp, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        tcp_verify_retransmit_hint(tp, skb);

        if (!(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & (TCPCB_LOST|TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED))) {
                tp->lost_out += tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
                TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked |= TCPCB_LOST;
        }
}

/* This procedure tags the retransmission queue when SACKs arrive.
 *
 * We have three tag bits: SACKED(S), RETRANS(R) and LOST(L).
 * Packets in queue with these bits set are counted in variables
 * sacked_out, retrans_out and lost_out, correspondingly.
 *
 * Valid combinations are:
 * Tag  InFlight        Description
 * 0    1               - orig segment is in flight.
 * S    0               - nothing flies, orig reached receiver.
 * L    0               - nothing flies, orig lost by net.
 * R    2               - both orig and retransmit are in flight.
 * L|R  1               - orig is lost, retransmit is in flight.
 * S|R  1               - orig reached receiver, retrans is still in flight.
 * (L|S|R is logically valid, it could occur when L|R is sacked,
 *  but it is equivalent to plain S and code short-curcuits it to S.
 *  L|S is logically invalid, it would mean -1 packet in flight 8))
 *
 * These 6 states form finite state machine, controlled by the following events:
 * 1. New ACK (+SACK) arrives. (tcp_sacktag_write_queue())
 * 2. Retransmission. (tcp_retransmit_skb(), tcp_xmit_retransmit_queue())
 * 3. Loss detection event of two flavors:
 *      A. Scoreboard estimator decided the packet is lost.
 *         A'. Reno "three dupacks" marks head of queue lost.
 *         A''. Its FACK modification, head until snd.fack is lost.
 *      B. SACK arrives sacking SND.NXT at the moment, when the
 *         segment was retransmitted.
 * 4. D-SACK added new rule: D-SACK changes any tag to S.
 *
 * It is pleasant to note, that state diagram turns out to be commutative,
 * so that we are allowed not to be bothered by order of our actions,
 * when multiple events arrive simultaneously. (see the function below).
 *
 * Reordering detection.
 * --------------------
 * Reordering metric is maximal distance, which a packet can be displaced
 * in packet stream. With SACKs we can estimate it:
 *
 * 1. SACK fills old hole and the corresponding segment was not
 *    ever retransmitted -> reordering. Alas, we cannot use it
 *    when segment was retransmitted.
 * 2. The last flaw is solved with D-SACK. D-SACK arrives
 *    for retransmitted and already SACKed segment -> reordering..
 * Both of these heuristics are not used in Loss state, when we cannot
 * account for retransmits accurately.
 *
 * SACK block validation.
 * ----------------------
 *
 * SACK block range validation checks that the received SACK block fits to
 * the expected sequence limits, i.e., it is between SND.UNA and SND.NXT.
 * Note that SND.UNA is not included to the range though being valid because
 * it means that the receiver is rather inconsistent with itself reporting
 * SACK reneging when it should advance SND.UNA. Such SACK block this is
 * perfectly valid, however, in light of RFC2018 which explicitly states
 * that "SACK block MUST reflect the newest segment.  Even if the newest
 * segment is going to be discarded ...", not that it looks very clever
 * in case of head skb. Due to potentional receiver driven attacks, we
 * choose to avoid immediate execution of a walk in write queue due to
 * reneging and defer head skb's loss recovery to standard loss recovery
 * procedure that will eventually trigger (nothing forbids us doing this).
 *
 * Implements also blockage to start_seq wrap-around. Problem lies in the
 * fact that though start_seq (s) is before end_seq (i.e., not reversed),
 * there's no guarantee that it will be before snd_nxt (n). The problem
 * happens when start_seq resides between end_seq wrap (e_w) and snd_nxt
 * wrap (s_w):
 *
 *         <- outs wnd ->                          <- wrapzone ->
 *         u     e      n                         u_w   e_w  s n_w
 *         |     |      |                          |     |   |  |
 * |<------------+------+----- TCP seqno space --------------+---------->|
 * ...-- <2^31 ->|                                           |<--------...
 * ...---- >2^31 ------>|                                    |<--------...
 *
 * Current code wouldn't be vulnerable but it's better still to discard such
 * crazy SACK blocks. Doing this check for start_seq alone closes somewhat
 * similar case (end_seq after snd_nxt wrap) as earlier reversed check in
 * snd_nxt wrap -> snd_una region will then become "well defined", i.e.,
 * equal to the ideal case (infinite seqno space without wrap caused issues).
 *
 * With D-SACK the lower bound is extended to cover sequence space below
 * SND.UNA down to undo_marker, which is the last point of interest. Yet
 * again, D-SACK block must not to go across snd_una (for the same reason as
 * for the normal SACK blocks, explained above). But there all simplicity
 * ends, TCP might receive valid D-SACKs below that. As long as they reside
 * fully below undo_marker they do not affect behavior in anyway and can
 * therefore be safely ignored. In rare cases (which are more or less
 * theoretical ones), the D-SACK will nicely cross that boundary due to skb
 * fragmentation and packet reordering past skb's retransmission. To consider
 * them correctly, the acceptable range must be extended even more though
 * the exact amount is rather hard to quantify. However, tp->max_window can
 * be used as an exaggerated estimate.
 */
static bool tcp_is_sackblock_valid(struct tcp_sock *tp, bool is_dsack,
                                   u32 start_seq, u32 end_seq)
{
        /* Too far in future, or reversed (interpretation is ambiguous) */
        if (after(end_seq, tp->snd_nxt) || !before(start_seq, end_seq))
                return false;

        /* Nasty start_seq wrap-around check (see comments above) */
        if (!before(start_seq, tp->snd_nxt))
                return false;

        /* In outstanding window? ...This is valid exit for D-SACKs too.
         * start_seq == snd_una is non-sensical (see comments above)
         */
        if (after(start_seq, tp->snd_una))
                return true;

        if (!is_dsack || !tp->undo_marker)
                return false;

        /* ...Then it's D-SACK, and must reside below snd_una completely */
        if (after(end_seq, tp->snd_una))
                return false;

        if (!before(start_seq, tp->undo_marker))
                return true;

        /* Too old */
        if (!after(end_seq, tp->undo_marker))
                return false;

        /* Undo_marker boundary crossing (overestimates a lot). Known already:
         *   start_seq < undo_marker and end_seq >= undo_marker.
         */
        return !before(start_seq, end_seq - tp->max_window);
}

static bool tcp_check_dsack(struct sock *sk, const struct sk_buff *ack_skb,
                            struct tcp_sack_block_wire *sp, int num_sacks,
                            u32 prior_snd_una)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        u32 start_seq_0 = get_unaligned_be32(&sp[0].start_seq);
        u32 end_seq_0 = get_unaligned_be32(&sp[0].end_seq);
        bool dup_sack = false;

        if (before(start_seq_0, TCP_SKB_CB(ack_skb)->ack_seq)) {
                dup_sack = true;
                tcp_dsack_seen(tp);
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPDSACKRECV);
        } else if (num_sacks > 1) {
                u32 end_seq_1 = get_unaligned_be32(&sp[1].end_seq);
                u32 start_seq_1 = get_unaligned_be32(&sp[1].start_seq);

                if (!after(end_seq_0, end_seq_1) &&
                    !before(start_seq_0, start_seq_1)) {
                        dup_sack = true;
                        tcp_dsack_seen(tp);
                        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk),
                                        LINUX_MIB_TCPDSACKOFORECV);
                }
        }

        /* D-SACK for already forgotten data... Do dumb counting. */
        if (dup_sack && tp->undo_marker && tp->undo_retrans > 0 &&
            !after(end_seq_0, prior_snd_una) &&
            after(end_seq_0, tp->undo_marker))
                tp->undo_retrans--;

        return dup_sack;
}

struct tcp_sacktag_state {
        int     reord;
        int     fack_count;
        /* Timestamps for earliest and latest never-retransmitted segment
         * that was SACKed. RTO needs the earliest RTT to stay conservative,
         * but congestion control should still get an accurate delay signal.
         */
        struct skb_mstamp first_sackt;
        struct skb_mstamp last_sackt;
        int     flag;
};

/* Check if skb is fully within the SACK block. In presence of GSO skbs,
 * the incoming SACK may not exactly match but we can find smaller MSS
 * aligned portion of it that matches. Therefore we might need to fragment
 * which may fail and creates some hassle (caller must handle error case
 * returns).
 *
 * FIXME: this could be merged to shift decision code
 */
static int tcp_match_skb_to_sack(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
                                  u32 start_seq, u32 end_seq)
{
        int err;
        bool in_sack;
        unsigned int pkt_len;
        unsigned int mss;

        in_sack = !after(start_seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq) &&
                  !before(end_seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq);

        if (tcp_skb_pcount(skb) > 1 && !in_sack &&
            after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, start_seq)) {
                mss = tcp_skb_mss(skb);
                in_sack = !after(start_seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq);

                if (!in_sack) {
                        pkt_len = start_seq - TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;
                        if (pkt_len < mss)
                                pkt_len = mss;
                } else {
                        pkt_len = end_seq - TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;
                        if (pkt_len < mss)
                                return -EINVAL;
                }

                /* Round if necessary so that SACKs cover only full MSSes
                 * and/or the remaining small portion (if present)
                 */
                if (pkt_len > mss) {
                        unsigned int new_len = (pkt_len / mss) * mss;
                        if (!in_sack && new_len < pkt_len) {
                                new_len += mss;
                                if (new_len >= skb->len)
                                        return 0;
                        }
                        pkt_len = new_len;
                }
                err = tcp_fragment(sk, skb, pkt_len, mss, GFP_ATOMIC);
                if (err < 0)
                        return err;
        }

        return in_sack;
}

/* Mark the given newly-SACKed range as such, adjusting counters and hints. */
static u8 tcp_sacktag_one(struct sock *sk,
                          struct tcp_sacktag_state *state, u8 sacked,
                          u32 start_seq, u32 end_seq,
                          int dup_sack, int pcount,
                          const struct skb_mstamp *xmit_time)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        int fack_count = state->fack_count;

        /* Account D-SACK for retransmitted packet. */
        if (dup_sack && (sacked & TCPCB_RETRANS)) {
                if (tp->undo_marker && tp->undo_retrans > 0 &&
                    after(end_seq, tp->undo_marker))
                        tp->undo_retrans--;
                if (sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED)
                        state->reord = min(fack_count, state->reord);
        }

        /* Nothing to do; acked frame is about to be dropped (was ACKed). */
        if (!after(end_seq, tp->snd_una))
                return sacked;

        if (!(sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED)) {
                tcp_rack_advance(tp, xmit_time, sacked);

                if (sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS) {
                        /* If the segment is not tagged as lost,
                         * we do not clear RETRANS, believing
                         * that retransmission is still in flight.
                         */
                        if (sacked & TCPCB_LOST) {
                                sacked &= ~(TCPCB_LOST|TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS);
                                tp->lost_out -= pcount;
                                tp->retrans_out -= pcount;
                        }
                } else {
                        if (!(sacked & TCPCB_RETRANS)) {
                                /* New sack for not retransmitted frame,
                                 * which was in hole. It is reordering.
                                 */
                                if (before(start_seq,
                                           tcp_highest_sack_seq(tp)))
                                        state->reord = min(fack_count,
                                                           state->reord);
                                if (!after(end_seq, tp->high_seq))
                                        state->flag |= FLAG_ORIG_SACK_ACKED;
                                if (state->first_sackt.v64 == 0)
                                        state->first_sackt = *xmit_time;
                                state->last_sackt = *xmit_time;
                        }

                        if (sacked & TCPCB_LOST) {
                                sacked &= ~TCPCB_LOST;
                                tp->lost_out -= pcount;
                        }
                }

                sacked |= TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED;
                state->flag |= FLAG_DATA_SACKED;
                tp->sacked_out += pcount;
                tp->delivered += pcount;  /* Out-of-order packets delivered */

                fack_count += pcount;

                /* Lost marker hint past SACKed? Tweak RFC3517 cnt */
                if (!tcp_is_fack(tp) && tp->lost_skb_hint &&
                    before(start_seq, TCP_SKB_CB(tp->lost_skb_hint)->seq))
                        tp->lost_cnt_hint += pcount;

                if (fack_count > tp->fackets_out)
                        tp->fackets_out = fack_count;
        }

        /* D-SACK. We can detect redundant retransmission in S|R and plain R
         * frames and clear it. undo_retrans is decreased above, L|R frames
         * are accounted above as well.
         */
        if (dup_sack && (sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS)) {
                sacked &= ~TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS;
                tp->retrans_out -= pcount;
        }

        return sacked;
}

/* Shift newly-SACKed bytes from this skb to the immediately previous
 * already-SACKed sk_buff. Mark the newly-SACKed bytes as such.
 */
static bool tcp_shifted_skb(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
                            struct tcp_sacktag_state *state,
                            unsigned int pcount, int shifted, int mss,
                            bool dup_sack)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct sk_buff *prev = tcp_write_queue_prev(sk, skb);
        u32 start_seq = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;   /* start of newly-SACKed */
        u32 end_seq = start_seq + shifted;      /* end of newly-SACKed */

        BUG_ON(!pcount);

        /* Adjust counters and hints for the newly sacked sequence
         * range but discard the return value since prev is already
         * marked. We must tag the range first because the seq
         * advancement below implicitly advances
         * tcp_highest_sack_seq() when skb is highest_sack.
         */
        tcp_sacktag_one(sk, state, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked,
                        start_seq, end_seq, dup_sack, pcount,
                        &skb->skb_mstamp);

        if (skb == tp->lost_skb_hint)
                tp->lost_cnt_hint += pcount;

        TCP_SKB_CB(prev)->end_seq += shifted;
        TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq += shifted;

        tcp_skb_pcount_add(prev, pcount);
        BUG_ON(tcp_skb_pcount(skb) < pcount);
        tcp_skb_pcount_add(skb, -pcount);

        /* When we're adding to gso_segs == 1, gso_size will be zero,
         * in theory this shouldn't be necessary but as long as DSACK
         * code can come after this skb later on it's better to keep
         * setting gso_size to something.
         */
        if (!TCP_SKB_CB(prev)->tcp_gso_size)
                TCP_SKB_CB(prev)->tcp_gso_size = mss;

        /* CHECKME: To clear or not to clear? Mimics normal skb currently */
        if (tcp_skb_pcount(skb) <= 1)
                TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->tcp_gso_size = 0;

        /* Difference in this won't matter, both ACKed by the same cumul. ACK */
        TCP_SKB_CB(prev)->sacked |= (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_EVER_RETRANS);

        if (skb->len > 0) {
                BUG_ON(!tcp_skb_pcount(skb));
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_SACKSHIFTED);
                return false;
        }

        /* Whole SKB was eaten :-) */

        if (skb == tp->retransmit_skb_hint)
                tp->retransmit_skb_hint = prev;
        if (skb == tp->lost_skb_hint) {
                tp->lost_skb_hint = prev;
                tp->lost_cnt_hint -= tcp_skb_pcount(prev);
        }

        TCP_SKB_CB(prev)->tcp_flags |= TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->tcp_flags;
        TCP_SKB_CB(prev)->eor = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->eor;
        if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->tcp_flags & TCPHDR_FIN)
                TCP_SKB_CB(prev)->end_seq++;

        if (skb == tcp_highest_sack(sk))
                tcp_advance_highest_sack(sk, skb);

        tcp_skb_collapse_tstamp(prev, skb);
        tcp_unlink_write_queue(skb, sk);
        sk_wmem_free_skb(sk, skb);

        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_SACKMERGED);

        return true;
}

/* I wish gso_size would have a bit more sane initialization than
 * something-or-zero which complicates things
 */
static int tcp_skb_seglen(const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        return tcp_skb_pcount(skb) == 1 ? skb->len : tcp_skb_mss(skb);
}

/* Shifting pages past head area doesn't work */
static int skb_can_shift(const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        return !skb_headlen(skb) && skb_is_nonlinear(skb);
}

/* Try collapsing SACK blocks spanning across multiple skbs to a single
 * skb.
 */
static struct sk_buff *tcp_shift_skb_data(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
                                          struct tcp_sacktag_state *state,
                                          u32 start_seq, u32 end_seq,
                                          bool dup_sack)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct sk_buff *prev;
        int mss;
        int pcount = 0;
        int len;
        int in_sack;

        if (!sk_can_gso(sk))
                goto fallback;

        /* Normally R but no L won't result in plain S */
        if (!dup_sack &&
            (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & (TCPCB_LOST|TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS)) == TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS)
                goto fallback;
        if (!skb_can_shift(skb))
                goto fallback;
        /* This frame is about to be dropped (was ACKed). */
        if (!after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, tp->snd_una))
                goto fallback;

        /* Can only happen with delayed DSACK + discard craziness */
        if (unlikely(skb == tcp_write_queue_head(sk)))
                goto fallback;
        prev = tcp_write_queue_prev(sk, skb);

        if ((TCP_SKB_CB(prev)->sacked & TCPCB_TAGBITS) != TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED)
                goto fallback;

        if (!tcp_skb_can_collapse_to(prev))
                goto fallback;

        in_sack = !after(start_seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq) &&
                  !before(end_seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq);

        if (in_sack) {
                len = skb->len;
                pcount = tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
                mss = tcp_skb_seglen(skb);

                /* TODO: Fix DSACKs to not fragment already SACKed and we can
                 * drop this restriction as unnecessary
                 */
                if (mss != tcp_skb_seglen(prev))
                        goto fallback;
        } else {
                if (!after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, start_seq))
                        goto noop;
                /* CHECKME: This is non-MSS split case only?, this will
                 * cause skipped skbs due to advancing loop btw, original
                 * has that feature too
                 */
                if (tcp_skb_pcount(skb) <= 1)
                        goto noop;

                in_sack = !after(start_seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq);
                if (!in_sack) {
                        /* TODO: head merge to next could be attempted here
                         * if (!after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, end_seq)),
                         * though it might not be worth of the additional hassle
                         *
                         * ...we can probably just fallback to what was done
                         * previously. We could try merging non-SACKed ones
                         * as well but it probably isn't going to buy off
                         * because later SACKs might again split them, and
                         * it would make skb timestamp tracking considerably
                         * harder problem.
                         */
                        goto fallback;
                }

                len = end_seq - TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;
                BUG_ON(len < 0);
                BUG_ON(len > skb->len);

                /* MSS boundaries should be honoured or else pcount will
                 * severely break even though it makes things bit trickier.
                 * Optimize common case to avoid most of the divides
                 */
                mss = tcp_skb_mss(skb);

                /* TODO: Fix DSACKs to not fragment already SACKed and we can
                 * drop this restriction as unnecessary
                 */
                if (mss != tcp_skb_seglen(prev))
                        goto fallback;

                if (len == mss) {
                        pcount = 1;
                } else if (len < mss) {
                        goto noop;
                } else {
                        pcount = len / mss;
                        len = pcount * mss;
                }
        }

        /* tcp_sacktag_one() won't SACK-tag ranges below snd_una */
        if (!after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq + len, tp->snd_una))
                goto fallback;

        if (!skb_shift(prev, skb, len))
                goto fallback;
        if (!tcp_shifted_skb(sk, skb, state, pcount, len, mss, dup_sack))
                goto out;

        /* Hole filled allows collapsing with the next as well, this is very
         * useful when hole on every nth skb pattern happens
         */
        if (prev == tcp_write_queue_tail(sk))
                goto out;
        skb = tcp_write_queue_next(sk, prev);

        if (!skb_can_shift(skb) ||
            (skb == tcp_send_head(sk)) ||
            ((TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_TAGBITS) != TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED) ||
            (mss != tcp_skb_seglen(skb)))
                goto out;

        len = skb->len;
        if (skb_shift(prev, skb, len)) {
                pcount += tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
                tcp_shifted_skb(sk, skb, state, tcp_skb_pcount(skb), len, mss, 0);
        }

out:
        state->fack_count += pcount;
        return prev;

noop:
        return skb;

fallback:
        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_SACKSHIFTFALLBACK);
        return NULL;
}

static struct sk_buff *tcp_sacktag_walk(struct sk_buff *skb, struct sock *sk,
                                        struct tcp_sack_block *next_dup,
                                        struct tcp_sacktag_state *state,
                                        u32 start_seq, u32 end_seq,
                                        bool dup_sack_in)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct sk_buff *tmp;

        tcp_for_write_queue_from(skb, sk) {
                int in_sack = 0;
                bool dup_sack = dup_sack_in;

                if (skb == tcp_send_head(sk))
                        break;

                /* queue is in-order => we can short-circuit the walk early */
                if (!before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, end_seq))
                        break;

                if (next_dup  &&
                    before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, next_dup->end_seq)) {
                        in_sack = tcp_match_skb_to_sack(sk, skb,
                                                        next_dup->start_seq,
                                                        next_dup->end_seq);
                        if (in_sack > 0)
                                dup_sack = true;
                }

                /* skb reference here is a bit tricky to get right, since
                 * shifting can eat and free both this skb and the next,
                 * so not even _safe variant of the loop is enough.
                 */
                if (in_sack <= 0) {
                        tmp = tcp_shift_skb_data(sk, skb, state,
                                                 start_seq, end_seq, dup_sack);
                        if (tmp) {
                                if (tmp != skb) {
                                        skb = tmp;
                                        continue;
                                }

                                in_sack = 0;
                        } else {
                                in_sack = tcp_match_skb_to_sack(sk, skb,
                                                                start_seq,
                                                                end_seq);
                        }
                }

                if (unlikely(in_sack < 0))
                        break;

                if (in_sack) {
                        TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked =
                                tcp_sacktag_one(sk,
                                                state,
                                                TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked,
                                                TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq,
                                                TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq,
                                                dup_sack,
                                                tcp_skb_pcount(skb),
                                                &skb->skb_mstamp);

                        if (!before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq,
                                    tcp_highest_sack_seq(tp)))
                                tcp_advance_highest_sack(sk, skb);
                }

                state->fack_count += tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
        }
        return skb;
}

/* Avoid all extra work that is being done by sacktag while walking in
 * a normal way
 */
static struct sk_buff *tcp_sacktag_skip(struct sk_buff *skb, struct sock *sk,
                                        struct tcp_sacktag_state *state,
                                        u32 skip_to_seq)
{
        tcp_for_write_queue_from(skb, sk) {
                if (skb == tcp_send_head(sk))
                        break;

                if (after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, skip_to_seq))
                        break;

                state->fack_count += tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
        }
        return skb;
}

static struct sk_buff *tcp_maybe_skipping_dsack(struct sk_buff *skb,
                                                struct sock *sk,
                                                struct tcp_sack_block *next_dup,
                                                struct tcp_sacktag_state *state,
                                                u32 skip_to_seq)
{
        if (!next_dup)
                return skb;

        if (before(next_dup->start_seq, skip_to_seq)) {
                skb = tcp_sacktag_skip(skb, sk, state, next_dup->start_seq);
                skb = tcp_sacktag_walk(skb, sk, NULL, state,
                                       next_dup->start_seq, next_dup->end_seq,
                                       1);
        }

        return skb;
}

static int tcp_sack_cache_ok(const struct tcp_sock *tp, const struct tcp_sack_block *cache)
{
        return cache < tp->recv_sack_cache + ARRAY_SIZE(tp->recv_sack_cache);
}

static int
tcp_sacktag_write_queue(struct sock *sk, const struct sk_buff *ack_skb,
                        u32 prior_snd_una, struct tcp_sacktag_state *state)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        const unsigned char *ptr = (skb_transport_header(ack_skb) +
                                    TCP_SKB_CB(ack_skb)->sacked);
        struct tcp_sack_block_wire *sp_wire = (struct tcp_sack_block_wire *)(ptr+2);
        struct tcp_sack_block sp[TCP_NUM_SACKS];
        struct tcp_sack_block *cache;
        struct sk_buff *skb;
        int num_sacks = min(TCP_NUM_SACKS, (ptr[1] - TCPOLEN_SACK_BASE) >> 3);
        int used_sacks;
        bool found_dup_sack = false;
        int i, j;
        int first_sack_index;

        state->flag = 0;
        state->reord = tp->packets_out;

        if (!tp->sacked_out) {
                if (WARN_ON(tp->fackets_out))
                        tp->fackets_out = 0;
                tcp_highest_sack_reset(sk);
        }

        found_dup_sack = tcp_check_dsack(sk, ack_skb, sp_wire,
                                         num_sacks, prior_snd_una);
        if (found_dup_sack)
                state->flag |= FLAG_DSACKING_ACK;

        /* Eliminate too old ACKs, but take into
         * account more or less fresh ones, they can
         * contain valid SACK info.
         */
        if (before(TCP_SKB_CB(ack_skb)->ack_seq, prior_snd_una - tp->max_window))
                return 0;

        if (!tp->packets_out)
                goto out;

        used_sacks = 0;
        first_sack_index = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < num_sacks; i++) {
                bool dup_sack = !i && found_dup_sack;

                sp[used_sacks].start_seq = get_unaligned_be32(&sp_wire[i].start_seq);
                sp[used_sacks].end_seq = get_unaligned_be32(&sp_wire[i].end_seq);

                if (!tcp_is_sackblock_valid(tp, dup_sack,
                                            sp[used_sacks].start_seq,
                                            sp[used_sacks].end_seq)) {
                        int mib_idx;

                        if (dup_sack) {
                                if (!tp->undo_marker)
                                        mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPDSACKIGNOREDNOUNDO;
                                else
                                        mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPDSACKIGNOREDOLD;
                        } else {
                                /* Don't count olds caused by ACK reordering */
                                if ((TCP_SKB_CB(ack_skb)->ack_seq != tp->snd_una) &&
                                    !after(sp[used_sacks].end_seq, tp->snd_una))
                                        continue;
                                mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPSACKDISCARD;
                        }

                        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), mib_idx);
                        if (i == 0)
                                first_sack_index = -1;
                        continue;
                }

                /* Ignore very old stuff early */
                if (!after(sp[used_sacks].end_seq, prior_snd_una))
                        continue;

                used_sacks++;
        }

        /* order SACK blocks to allow in order walk of the retrans queue */
        for (i = used_sacks - 1; i > 0; i--) {
                for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                        if (after(sp[j].start_seq, sp[j + 1].start_seq)) {
                                swap(sp[j], sp[j + 1]);

                                /* Track where the first SACK block goes to */
                                if (j == first_sack_index)
                                        first_sack_index = j + 1;
                        }
                }
        }

        skb = tcp_write_queue_head(sk);
        state->fack_count = 0;
        i = 0;

        if (!tp->sacked_out) {
                /* It's already past, so skip checking against it */
                cache = tp->recv_sack_cache + ARRAY_SIZE(tp->recv_sack_cache);
        } else {
                cache = tp->recv_sack_cache;
                /* Skip empty blocks in at head of the cache */
                while (tcp_sack_cache_ok(tp, cache) && !cache->start_seq &&
                       !cache->end_seq)
                        cache++;
        }

        while (i < used_sacks) {
                u32 start_seq = sp[i].start_seq;
                u32 end_seq = sp[i].end_seq;
                bool dup_sack = (found_dup_sack && (i == first_sack_index));
                struct tcp_sack_block *next_dup = NULL;

                if (found_dup_sack && ((i + 1) == first_sack_index))
                        next_dup = &sp[i + 1];

                /* Skip too early cached blocks */
                while (tcp_sack_cache_ok(tp, cache) &&
                       !before(start_seq, cache->end_seq))
                        cache++;

                /* Can skip some work by looking recv_sack_cache? */
                if (tcp_sack_cache_ok(tp, cache) && !dup_sack &&
                    after(end_seq, cache->start_seq)) {

                        /* Head todo? */
                        if (before(start_seq, cache->start_seq)) {
                                skb = tcp_sacktag_skip(skb, sk, state,
                                                       start_seq);
                                skb = tcp_sacktag_walk(skb, sk, next_dup,
                                                       state,
                                                       start_seq,
                                                       cache->start_seq,
                                                       dup_sack);
                        }

                        /* Rest of the block already fully processed? */
                        if (!after(end_seq, cache->end_seq))
                                goto advance_sp;

                        skb = tcp_maybe_skipping_dsack(skb, sk, next_dup,
                                                       state,
                                                       cache->end_seq);

                        /* ...tail remains todo... */
                        if (tcp_highest_sack_seq(tp) == cache->end_seq) {
                                /* ...but better entrypoint exists! */
                                skb = tcp_highest_sack(sk);
                                if (!skb)
                                        break;
                                state->fack_count = tp->fackets_out;
                                cache++;
                                goto walk;
                        }

                        skb = tcp_sacktag_skip(skb, sk, state, cache->end_seq);
                        /* Check overlap against next cached too (past this one already) */
                        cache++;
                        continue;
                }

                if (!before(start_seq, tcp_highest_sack_seq(tp))) {
                        skb = tcp_highest_sack(sk);
                        if (!skb)
                                break;
                        state->fack_count = tp->fackets_out;
                }
                skb = tcp_sacktag_skip(skb, sk, state, start_seq);

walk:
                skb = tcp_sacktag_walk(skb, sk, next_dup, state,
                                       start_seq, end_seq, dup_sack);

advance_sp:
                i++;
        }

        /* Clear the head of the cache sack blocks so we can skip it next time */
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tp->recv_sack_cache) - used_sacks; i++) {
                tp->recv_sack_cache[i].start_seq = 0;
                tp->recv_sack_cache[i].end_seq = 0;
        }
        for (j = 0; j < used_sacks; j++)
                tp->recv_sack_cache[i++] = sp[j];

        if ((state->reord < tp->fackets_out) &&
            ((inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_state != TCP_CA_Loss) || tp->undo_marker))
                tcp_update_reordering(sk, tp->fackets_out - state->reord, 0);

        tcp_verify_left_out(tp);
out:

#if FASTRETRANS_DEBUG > 0
        WARN_ON((int)tp->sacked_out < 0);
        WARN_ON((int)tp->lost_out < 0);
        WARN_ON((int)tp->retrans_out < 0);
        WARN_ON((int)tcp_packets_in_flight(tp) < 0);
#endif
        return state->flag;
}

/* Limits sacked_out so that sum with lost_out isn't ever larger than
 * packets_out. Returns false if sacked_out adjustement wasn't necessary.
 */
static bool tcp_limit_reno_sacked(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        u32 holes;

        holes = max(tp->lost_out, 1U);
        holes = min(holes, tp->packets_out);

        if ((tp->sacked_out + holes) > tp->packets_out) {
                tp->sacked_out = tp->packets_out - holes;
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

/* If we receive more dupacks than we expected counting segments
 * in assumption of absent reordering, interpret this as reordering.
 * The only another reason could be bug in receiver TCP.
 */
static void tcp_check_reno_reordering(struct sock *sk, const int addend)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        if (tcp_limit_reno_sacked(tp))
                tcp_update_reordering(sk, tp->packets_out + addend, 0);
}

/* Emulate SACKs for SACKless connection: account for a new dupack. */

static void tcp_add_reno_sack(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        u32 prior_sacked = tp->sacked_out;

        tp->sacked_out++;
        tcp_check_reno_reordering(sk, 0);
        if (tp->sacked_out > prior_sacked)
                tp->delivered++; /* Some out-of-order packet is delivered */
        tcp_verify_left_out(tp);
}

/* Account for ACK, ACKing some data in Reno Recovery phase. */

static void tcp_remove_reno_sacks(struct sock *sk, int acked)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (acked > 0) {
                /* One ACK acked hole. The rest eat duplicate ACKs. */
                tp->delivered += max_t(int, acked - tp->sacked_out, 1);
                if (acked - 1 >= tp->sacked_out)
                        tp->sacked_out = 0;
                else
                        tp->sacked_out -= acked - 1;
        }
        tcp_check_reno_reordering(sk, acked);
        tcp_verify_left_out(tp);
}

static inline void tcp_reset_reno_sack(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        tp->sacked_out = 0;
}

void tcp_clear_retrans(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        tp->retrans_out = 0;
        tp->lost_out = 0;
        tp->undo_marker = 0;
        tp->undo_retrans = -1;
        tp->fackets_out = 0;
        tp->sacked_out = 0;
}

static inline void tcp_init_undo(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        tp->undo_marker = tp->snd_una;
        /* Retransmission still in flight may cause DSACKs later. */
        tp->undo_retrans = tp->retrans_out ? : -1;
}

/* Enter Loss state. If we detect SACK reneging, forget all SACK information
 * and reset tags completely, otherwise preserve SACKs. If receiver
 * dropped its ofo queue, we will know this due to reneging detection.
 */
void tcp_enter_loss(struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct net *net = sock_net(sk);
        struct sk_buff *skb;
        bool new_recovery = icsk->icsk_ca_state < TCP_CA_Recovery;
        bool is_reneg;                  /* is receiver reneging on SACKs? */

        /* Reduce ssthresh if it has not yet been made inside this window. */
        if (icsk->icsk_ca_state <= TCP_CA_Disorder ||
            !after(tp->high_seq, tp->snd_una) ||
            (icsk->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Loss && !icsk->icsk_retransmits)) {
                tp->prior_ssthresh = tcp_current_ssthresh(sk);
                tp->snd_ssthresh = icsk->icsk_ca_ops->ssthresh(sk);
                tcp_ca_event(sk, CA_EVENT_LOSS);
                tcp_init_undo(tp);
        }
        tp->snd_cwnd       = 1;
        tp->snd_cwnd_cnt   = 0;
        tp->snd_cwnd_stamp = tcp_time_stamp;

        tp->retrans_out = 0;
        tp->lost_out = 0;

        if (tcp_is_reno(tp))
                tcp_reset_reno_sack(tp);

        skb = tcp_write_queue_head(sk);
        is_reneg = skb && (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED);
        if (is_reneg) {
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPSACKRENEGING);
                tp->sacked_out = 0;
                tp->fackets_out = 0;
        }
        tcp_clear_all_retrans_hints(tp);

        tcp_for_write_queue(skb, sk) {
                if (skb == tcp_send_head(sk))
                        break;

                TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked &= (~TCPCB_TAGBITS)|TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED;
                if (!(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked&TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED) || is_reneg) {
                        TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked &= ~TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED;
                        TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked |= TCPCB_LOST;
                        tp->lost_out += tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
                        tp->retransmit_high = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;
                }
        }
        tcp_verify_left_out(tp);

        /* Timeout in disordered state after receiving substantial DUPACKs
         * suggests that the degree of reordering is over-estimated.
         */
        if (icsk->icsk_ca_state <= TCP_CA_Disorder &&
            tp->sacked_out >= net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_reordering)
                tp->reordering = min_t(unsigned int, tp->reordering,
                                       net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_reordering);
        tcp_set_ca_state(sk, TCP_CA_Loss);
        tp->high_seq = tp->snd_nxt;
        tcp_ecn_queue_cwr(tp);

        /* F-RTO RFC5682 sec 3.1 step 1: retransmit SND.UNA if no previous
         * loss recovery is underway except recurring timeout(s) on
         * the same SND.UNA (sec 3.2). Disable F-RTO on path MTU probing
         */
        tp->frto = sysctl_tcp_frto &&
                   (new_recovery || icsk->icsk_retransmits) &&
                   !inet_csk(sk)->icsk_mtup.probe_size;
}

/* If ACK arrived pointing to a remembered SACK, it means that our
 * remembered SACKs do not reflect real state of receiver i.e.
 * receiver _host_ is heavily congested (or buggy).
 *
 * To avoid big spurious retransmission bursts due to transient SACK
 * scoreboard oddities that look like reneging, we give the receiver a
 * little time (max(RTT/2, 10ms)) to send us some more ACKs that will
 * restore sanity to the SACK scoreboard. If the apparent reneging
 * persists until this RTO then we'll clear the SACK scoreboard.
 */
static bool tcp_check_sack_reneging(struct sock *sk, int flag)
{
        if (flag & FLAG_SACK_RENEGING) {
                struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
                unsigned long delay = max(usecs_to_jiffies(tp->srtt_us >> 4),
                                          msecs_to_jiffies(10));

                inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS,
                                          delay, TCP_RTO_MAX);
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

static inline int tcp_fackets_out(const struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        return tcp_is_reno(tp) ? tp->sacked_out + 1 : tp->fackets_out;
}

/* Heurestics to calculate number of duplicate ACKs. There's no dupACKs
 * counter when SACK is enabled (without SACK, sacked_out is used for
 * that purpose).
 *
 * Instead, with FACK TCP uses fackets_out that includes both SACKed
 * segments up to the highest received SACK block so far and holes in
 * between them.
 *
 * With reordering, holes may still be in flight, so RFC3517 recovery
 * uses pure sacked_out (total number of SACKed segments) even though
 * it violates the RFC that uses duplicate ACKs, often these are equal
 * but when e.g. out-of-window ACKs or packet duplication occurs,
 * they differ. Since neither occurs due to loss, TCP should really
 * ignore them.
 */
static inline int tcp_dupack_heuristics(const struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        return tcp_is_fack(tp) ? tp->fackets_out : tp->sacked_out + 1;
}

static bool tcp_pause_early_retransmit(struct sock *sk, int flag)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        unsigned long delay;

        /* Delay early retransmit and entering fast recovery for
         * max(RTT/4, 2msec) unless ack has ECE mark, no RTT samples
         * available, or RTO is scheduled to fire first.
         */
        if (sysctl_tcp_early_retrans < 2 || sysctl_tcp_early_retrans > 3 ||
            (flag & FLAG_ECE) || !tp->srtt_us)
                return false;

        delay = max(usecs_to_jiffies(tp->srtt_us >> 5),
                    msecs_to_jiffies(2));

        if (!time_after(inet_csk(sk)->icsk_timeout, (jiffies + delay)))
                return false;

        inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_EARLY_RETRANS, delay,
                                  TCP_RTO_MAX);
        return true;
}

/* Linux NewReno/SACK/FACK/ECN state machine.
 * --------------------------------------
 *
 * "Open"       Normal state, no dubious events, fast path.
 * "Disorder"   In all the respects it is "Open",
 *              but requires a bit more attention. It is entered when
 *              we see some SACKs or dupacks. It is split of "Open"
 *              mainly to move some processing from fast path to slow one.
 * "CWR"        CWND was reduced due to some Congestion Notification event.
 *              It can be ECN, ICMP source quench, local device congestion.
 * "Recovery"   CWND was reduced, we are fast-retransmitting.
 * "Loss"       CWND was reduced due to RTO timeout or SACK reneging.
 *
 * tcp_fastretrans_alert() is entered:
 * - each incoming ACK, if state is not "Open"
 * - when arrived ACK is unusual, namely:
 *      * SACK
 *      * Duplicate ACK.
 *      * ECN ECE.
 *
 * Counting packets in flight is pretty simple.
 *
 *      in_flight = packets_out - left_out + retrans_out
 *
 *      packets_out is SND.NXT-SND.UNA counted in packets.
 *
 *      retrans_out is number of retransmitted segments.
 *
 *      left_out is number of segments left network, but not ACKed yet.
 *
 *              left_out = sacked_out + lost_out
 *
 *     sacked_out: Packets, which arrived to receiver out of order
 *                 and hence not ACKed. With SACKs this number is simply
 *                 amount of SACKed data. Even without SACKs
 *                 it is easy to give pretty reliable estimate of this number,
 *                 counting duplicate ACKs.
 *
 *       lost_out: Packets lost by network. TCP has no explicit
 *                 "loss notification" feedback from network (for now).
 *                 It means that this number can be only _guessed_.
 *                 Actually, it is the heuristics to predict lossage that
 *                 distinguishes different algorithms.
 *
 *      F.e. after RTO, when all the queue is considered as lost,
 *      lost_out = packets_out and in_flight = retrans_out.
 *
 *              Essentially, we have now two algorithms counting
 *              lost packets.
 *
 *              FACK: It is the simplest heuristics. As soon as we decided
 *              that something is lost, we decide that _all_ not SACKed
 *              packets until the most forward SACK are lost. I.e.
 *              lost_out = fackets_out - sacked_out and left_out = fackets_out.
 *              It is absolutely correct estimate, if network does not reorder
 *              packets. And it loses any connection to reality when reordering
 *              takes place. We use FACK by default until reordering
 *              is suspected on the path to this destination.
 *
 *              NewReno: when Recovery is entered, we assume that one segment
 *              is lost (classic Reno). While we are in Recovery and
 *              a partial ACK arrives, we assume that one more packet
 *              is lost (NewReno). This heuristics are the same in NewReno
 *              and SACK.
 *
 *  Imagine, that's all! Forget about all this shamanism about CWND inflation
 *  deflation etc. CWND is real congestion window, never inflated, changes
 *  only according to classic VJ rules.
 *
 * Really tricky (and requiring careful tuning) part of algorithm
 * is hidden in functions tcp_time_to_recover() and tcp_xmit_retransmit_queue().
 * The first determines the moment _when_ we should reduce CWND and,
 * hence, slow down forward transmission. In fact, it determines the moment
 * when we decide that hole is caused by loss, rather than by a reorder.
 *
 * tcp_xmit_retransmit_queue() decides, _what_ we should retransmit to fill
 * holes, caused by lost packets.
 *
 * And the most logically complicated part of algorithm is undo
 * heuristics. We detect false retransmits due to both too early
 * fast retransmit (reordering) and underestimated RTO, analyzing
 * timestamps and D-SACKs. When we detect that some segments were
 * retransmitted by mistake and CWND reduction was wrong, we undo
 * window reduction and abort recovery phase. This logic is hidden
 * inside several functions named tcp_try_undo_<something>.
 */

/* This function decides, when we should leave Disordered state
 * and enter Recovery phase, reducing congestion window.
 *
 * Main question: may we further continue forward transmission
 * with the same cwnd?
 */
static bool tcp_time_to_recover(struct sock *sk, int flag)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        __u32 packets_out;
        int tcp_reordering = sock_net(sk)->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_reordering;

        /* Trick#1: The loss is proven. */
        if (tp->lost_out)
                return true;

        /* Not-A-Trick#2 : Classic rule... */
        if (tcp_dupack_heuristics(tp) > tp->reordering)
                return true;

        /* Trick#4: It is still not OK... But will it be useful to delay
         * recovery more?
         */
        packets_out = tp->packets_out;
        if (packets_out <= tp->reordering &&
            tp->sacked_out >= max_t(__u32, packets_out/2, tcp_reordering) &&
            !tcp_may_send_now(sk)) {
                /* We have nothing to send. This connection is limited
                 * either by receiver window or by application.
                 */
                return true;
        }

        /* If a thin stream is detected, retransmit after first
         * received dupack. Employ only if SACK is supported in order
         * to avoid possible corner-case series of spurious retransmissions
         * Use only if there are no unsent data.
         */
        if ((tp->thin_dupack || sysctl_tcp_thin_dupack) &&
            tcp_stream_is_thin(tp) && tcp_dupack_heuristics(tp) > 1 &&
            tcp_is_sack(tp) && !tcp_send_head(sk))
                return true;

        /* Trick#6: TCP early retransmit, per RFC5827.  To avoid spurious
         * retransmissions due to small network reorderings, we implement
         * Mitigation A.3 in the RFC and delay the retransmission for a short
         * interval if appropriate.
         */
        if (tp->do_early_retrans && !tp->retrans_out && tp->sacked_out &&
            (tp->packets_out >= (tp->sacked_out + 1) && tp->packets_out < 4) &&
            !tcp_may_send_now(sk))
                return !tcp_pause_early_retransmit(sk, flag);

        return false;
}

/* Detect loss in event "A" above by marking head of queue up as lost.
 * For FACK or non-SACK(Reno) senders, the first "packets" number of segments
 * are considered lost. For RFC3517 SACK, a segment is considered lost if it
 * has at least tp->reordering SACKed seqments above it; "packets" refers to
 * the maximum SACKed segments to pass before reaching this limit.
 */
static void tcp_mark_head_lost(struct sock *sk, int packets, int mark_head)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct sk_buff *skb;
        int cnt, oldcnt, lost;
        unsigned int mss;
        /* Use SACK to deduce losses of new sequences sent during recovery */
        const u32 loss_high = tcp_is_sack(tp) ?  tp->snd_nxt : tp->high_seq;

        WARN_ON(packets > tp->packets_out);
        if (tp->lost_skb_hint) {
                skb = tp->lost_skb_hint;
                cnt = tp->lost_cnt_hint;
                /* Head already handled? */
                if (mark_head && skb != tcp_write_queue_head(sk))
                        return;
        } else {
                skb = tcp_write_queue_head(sk);
                cnt = 0;
        }

        tcp_for_write_queue_from(skb, sk) {
                if (skb == tcp_send_head(sk))
                        break;
                /* TODO: do this better */
                /* this is not the most efficient way to do this... */
                tp->lost_skb_hint = skb;
                tp->lost_cnt_hint = cnt;

                if (after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, loss_high))
                        break;

                oldcnt = cnt;
                if (tcp_is_fack(tp) || tcp_is_reno(tp) ||
                    (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED))
                        cnt += tcp_skb_pcount(skb);

                if (cnt > packets) {
                        if ((tcp_is_sack(tp) && !tcp_is_fack(tp)) ||
                            (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED) ||
                            (oldcnt >= packets))
                                break;

                        mss = tcp_skb_mss(skb);
                        /* If needed, chop off the prefix to mark as lost. */
                        lost = (packets - oldcnt) * mss;
                        if (lost < skb->len &&
                            tcp_fragment(sk, skb, lost, mss, GFP_ATOMIC) < 0)
                                break;
                        cnt = packets;
                }

                tcp_skb_mark_lost(tp, skb);

                if (mark_head)
                        break;
        }
        tcp_verify_left_out(tp);
}

/* Account newly detected lost packet(s) */

static void tcp_update_scoreboard(struct sock *sk, int fast_rexmit)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (tcp_is_reno(tp)) {
                tcp_mark_head_lost(sk, 1, 1);
        } else if (tcp_is_fack(tp)) {
                int lost = tp->fackets_out - tp->reordering;
                if (lost <= 0)
                        lost = 1;
                tcp_mark_head_lost(sk, lost, 0);
        } else {
                int sacked_upto = tp->sacked_out - tp->reordering;
                if (sacked_upto >= 0)
                        tcp_mark_head_lost(sk, sacked_upto, 0);
                else if (fast_rexmit)
                        tcp_mark_head_lost(sk, 1, 1);
        }
}

static bool tcp_tsopt_ecr_before(const struct tcp_sock *tp, u32 when)
{
        return tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp && tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr &&
               before(tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr, when);
}

/* skb is spurious retransmitted if the returned timestamp echo
 * reply is prior to the skb transmission time
 */
static bool tcp_skb_spurious_retrans(const struct tcp_sock *tp,
                                     const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        return (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_RETRANS) &&
               tcp_tsopt_ecr_before(tp, tcp_skb_timestamp(skb));
}

/* Nothing was retransmitted or returned timestamp is less
 * than timestamp of the first retransmission.
 */
static inline bool tcp_packet_delayed(const struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        return !tp->retrans_stamp ||
               tcp_tsopt_ecr_before(tp, tp->retrans_stamp);
}

/* Undo procedures. */

/* We can clear retrans_stamp when there are no retransmissions in the
 * window. It would seem that it is trivially available for us in
 * tp->retrans_out, however, that kind of assumptions doesn't consider
 * what will happen if errors occur when sending retransmission for the
 * second time. ...It could the that such segment has only
 * TCPCB_EVER_RETRANS set at the present time. It seems that checking
 * the head skb is enough except for some reneging corner cases that
 * are not worth the effort.
 *
 * Main reason for all this complexity is the fact that connection dying
 * time now depends on the validity of the retrans_stamp, in particular,
 * that successive retransmissions of a segment must not advance
 * retrans_stamp under any conditions.
 */
static bool tcp_any_retrans_done(const struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct sk_buff *skb;

        if (tp->retrans_out)
                return true;

        skb = tcp_write_queue_head(sk);
        if (unlikely(skb && TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_EVER_RETRANS))
                return true;

        return false;
}

#if FASTRETRANS_DEBUG > 1
static void DBGUNDO(struct sock *sk, const char *msg)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk);

        if (sk->sk_family == AF_INET) {
                pr_debug("Undo %s %pI4/%u c%u l%u ss%u/%u p%u\n",
                         msg,
                         &inet->inet_daddr, ntohs(inet->inet_dport),
                         tp->snd_cwnd, tcp_left_out(tp),
                         tp->snd_ssthresh, tp->prior_ssthresh,
                         tp->packets_out);
        }
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
        else if (sk->sk_family == AF_INET6) {
                struct ipv6_pinfo *np = inet6_sk(sk);
                pr_debug("Undo %s %pI6/%u c%u l%u ss%u/%u p%u\n",
                         msg,
                         &np->daddr, ntohs(inet->inet_dport),
                         tp->snd_cwnd, tcp_left_out(tp),
                         tp->snd_ssthresh, tp->prior_ssthresh,
                         tp->packets_out);
        }
#endif
}
#else
#define DBGUNDO(x...) do { } while (0)
#endif

static void tcp_undo_cwnd_reduction(struct sock *sk, bool unmark_loss)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (unmark_loss) {
                struct sk_buff *skb;

                tcp_for_write_queue(skb, sk) {
                        if (skb == tcp_send_head(sk))
                                break;
                        TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked &= ~TCPCB_LOST;
                }
                tp->lost_out = 0;
                tcp_clear_all_retrans_hints(tp);
        }

        if (tp->prior_ssthresh) {
                const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);

                if (icsk->icsk_ca_ops->undo_cwnd)
                        tp->snd_cwnd = icsk->icsk_ca_ops->undo_cwnd(sk);
                else
                        tp->snd_cwnd = max(tp->snd_cwnd, tp->snd_ssthresh << 1);

                if (tp->prior_ssthresh > tp->snd_ssthresh) {
                        tp->snd_ssthresh = tp->prior_ssthresh;
                        tcp_ecn_withdraw_cwr(tp);
                }
        }
        tp->snd_cwnd_stamp = tcp_time_stamp;
        tp->undo_marker = 0;
}

static inline bool tcp_may_undo(const struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        return tp->undo_marker && (!tp->undo_retrans || tcp_packet_delayed(tp));
}

/* People celebrate: "We love our President!" */
static bool tcp_try_undo_recovery(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (tcp_may_undo(tp)) {
                int mib_idx;

                /* Happy end! We did not retransmit anything
                 * or our original transmission succeeded.
                 */
                DBGUNDO(sk, inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Loss ? "loss" : "retrans");
                tcp_undo_cwnd_reduction(sk, false);
                if (inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Loss)
                        mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPLOSSUNDO;
                else
                        mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPFULLUNDO;

                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), mib_idx);
        }
        if (tp->snd_una == tp->high_seq && tcp_is_reno(tp)) {
                /* Hold old state until something *above* high_seq
                 * is ACKed. For Reno it is MUST to prevent false
                 * fast retransmits (RFC2582). SACK TCP is safe. */
                if (!tcp_any_retrans_done(sk))
                        tp->retrans_stamp = 0;
                return true;
        }
        tcp_set_ca_state(sk, TCP_CA_Open);
        return false;
}

/* Try to undo cwnd reduction, because D-SACKs acked all retransmitted data */
static bool tcp_try_undo_dsack(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (tp->undo_marker && !tp->undo_retrans) {
                DBGUNDO(sk, "D-SACK");
                tcp_undo_cwnd_reduction(sk, false);
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPDSACKUNDO);
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

/* Undo during loss recovery after partial ACK or using F-RTO. */
static bool tcp_try_undo_loss(struct sock *sk, bool frto_undo)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (frto_undo || tcp_may_undo(tp)) {
                tcp_undo_cwnd_reduction(sk, true);

                DBGUNDO(sk, "partial loss");
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPLOSSUNDO);
                if (frto_undo)
                        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk),
                                        LINUX_MIB_TCPSPURIOUSRTOS);
                inet_csk(sk)->icsk_retransmits = 0;
                if (frto_undo || tcp_is_sack(tp))
                        tcp_set_ca_state(sk, TCP_CA_Open);
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

/* The cwnd reduction in CWR and Recovery uses the PRR algorithm in RFC 6937.
 * It computes the number of packets to send (sndcnt) based on packets newly
 * delivered:
 *   1) If the packets in flight is larger than ssthresh, PRR spreads the
 *      cwnd reductions across a full RTT.
 *   2) Otherwise PRR uses packet conservation to send as much as delivered.
 *      But when the retransmits are acked without further losses, PRR
 *      slow starts cwnd up to ssthresh to speed up the recovery.
 */
static void tcp_init_cwnd_reduction(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        tp->high_seq = tp->snd_nxt;
        tp->tlp_high_seq = 0;
        tp->snd_cwnd_cnt = 0;
        tp->prior_cwnd = tp->snd_cwnd;
        tp->prr_delivered = 0;
        tp->prr_out = 0;
        tp->snd_ssthresh = inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_ops->ssthresh(sk);
        tcp_ecn_queue_cwr(tp);
}

static void tcp_cwnd_reduction(struct sock *sk, int newly_acked_sacked,
                               int flag)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        int sndcnt = 0;
        int delta = tp->snd_ssthresh - tcp_packets_in_flight(tp);

        if (newly_acked_sacked <= 0 || WARN_ON_ONCE(!tp->prior_cwnd))
                return;

        tp->prr_delivered += newly_acked_sacked;
        if (delta < 0) {
                u64 dividend = (u64)tp->snd_ssthresh * tp->prr_delivered +
                               tp->prior_cwnd - 1;
                sndcnt = div_u64(dividend, tp->prior_cwnd) - tp->prr_out;
        } else if ((flag & FLAG_RETRANS_DATA_ACKED) &&
                   !(flag & FLAG_LOST_RETRANS)) {
                sndcnt = min_t(int, delta,
                               max_t(int, tp->prr_delivered - tp->prr_out,
                                     newly_acked_sacked) + 1);
        } else {
                sndcnt = min(delta, newly_acked_sacked);
        }
        /* Force a fast retransmit upon entering fast recovery */
        sndcnt = max(sndcnt, (tp->prr_out ? 0 : 1));
        tp->snd_cwnd = tcp_packets_in_flight(tp) + sndcnt;
}

static inline void tcp_end_cwnd_reduction(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        /* Reset cwnd to ssthresh in CWR or Recovery (unless it's undone) */
        if (inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_CWR ||
            (tp->undo_marker && tp->snd_ssthresh < TCP_INFINITE_SSTHRESH)) {
                tp->snd_cwnd = tp->snd_ssthresh;
                tp->snd_cwnd_stamp = tcp_time_stamp;
        }
        tcp_ca_event(sk, CA_EVENT_COMPLETE_CWR);
}

/* Enter CWR state. Disable cwnd undo since congestion is proven with ECN */
void tcp_enter_cwr(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        tp->prior_ssthresh = 0;
        if (inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_state < TCP_CA_CWR) {
                tp->undo_marker = 0;
                tcp_init_cwnd_reduction(sk);
                tcp_set_ca_state(sk, TCP_CA_CWR);
        }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_enter_cwr);

static void tcp_try_keep_open(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        int state = TCP_CA_Open;

        if (tcp_left_out(tp) || tcp_any_retrans_done(sk))
                state = TCP_CA_Disorder;

        if (inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_state != state) {
                tcp_set_ca_state(sk, state);
                tp->high_seq = tp->snd_nxt;
        }
}

static void tcp_try_to_open(struct sock *sk, int flag)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        tcp_verify_left_out(tp);

        if (!tcp_any_retrans_done(sk))
                tp->retrans_stamp = 0;

        if (flag & FLAG_ECE)
                tcp_enter_cwr(sk);

        if (inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_state != TCP_CA_CWR) {
                tcp_try_keep_open(sk);
        }
}

static void tcp_mtup_probe_failed(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);

        icsk->icsk_mtup.search_high = icsk->icsk_mtup.probe_size - 1;
        icsk->icsk_mtup.probe_size = 0;
        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPMTUPFAIL);
}

static void tcp_mtup_probe_success(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);

        /* FIXME: breaks with very large cwnd */
        tp->prior_ssthresh = tcp_current_ssthresh(sk);
        tp->snd_cwnd = tp->snd_cwnd *
                       tcp_mss_to_mtu(sk, tp->mss_cache) /
                       icsk->icsk_mtup.probe_size;
        tp->snd_cwnd_cnt = 0;
        tp->snd_cwnd_stamp = tcp_time_stamp;
        tp->snd_ssthresh = tcp_current_ssthresh(sk);

        icsk->icsk_mtup.search_low = icsk->icsk_mtup.probe_size;
        icsk->icsk_mtup.probe_size = 0;
        tcp_sync_mss(sk, icsk->icsk_pmtu_cookie);
        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPMTUPSUCCESS);
}

/* Do a simple retransmit without using the backoff mechanisms in
 * tcp_timer. This is used for path mtu discovery.
 * The socket is already locked here.
 */
void tcp_simple_retransmit(struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct sk_buff *skb;
        unsigned int mss = tcp_current_mss(sk);
        u32 prior_lost = tp->lost_out;

        tcp_for_write_queue(skb, sk) {
                if (skb == tcp_send_head(sk))
                        break;
                if (tcp_skb_seglen(skb) > mss &&
                    !(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED)) {
                        if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS) {
                                TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked &= ~TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS;
                                tp->retrans_out -= tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
                        }
                        tcp_skb_mark_lost_uncond_verify(tp, skb);
                }
        }

        tcp_clear_retrans_hints_partial(tp);

        if (prior_lost == tp->lost_out)
                return;

        if (tcp_is_reno(tp))
                tcp_limit_reno_sacked(tp);

        tcp_verify_left_out(tp);

        /* Don't muck with the congestion window here.
         * Reason is that we do not increase amount of _data_
         * in network, but units changed and effective
         * cwnd/ssthresh really reduced now.
         */
        if (icsk->icsk_ca_state != TCP_CA_Loss) {
                tp->high_seq = tp->snd_nxt;
                tp->snd_ssthresh = tcp_current_ssthresh(sk);
                tp->prior_ssthresh = 0;
                tp->undo_marker = 0;
                tcp_set_ca_state(sk, TCP_CA_Loss);
        }
        tcp_xmit_retransmit_queue(sk);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_simple_retransmit);

static void tcp_enter_recovery(struct sock *sk, bool ece_ack)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        int mib_idx;

        if (tcp_is_reno(tp))
                mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPRENORECOVERY;
        else
                mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPSACKRECOVERY;

        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), mib_idx);

        tp->prior_ssthresh = 0;
        tcp_init_undo(tp);

        if (!tcp_in_cwnd_reduction(sk)) {
                if (!ece_ack)
                        tp->prior_ssthresh = tcp_current_ssthresh(sk);
                tcp_init_cwnd_reduction(sk);
        }
        tcp_set_ca_state(sk, TCP_CA_Recovery);
}

/* Process an ACK in CA_Loss state. Move to CA_Open if lost data are
 * recovered or spurious. Otherwise retransmits more on partial ACKs.
 */
static void tcp_process_loss(struct sock *sk, int flag, bool is_dupack,
                             int *rexmit)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        bool recovered = !before(tp->snd_una, tp->high_seq);

        if ((flag & FLAG_SND_UNA_ADVANCED) &&
            tcp_try_undo_loss(sk, false))
                return;

        if (tp->frto) { /* F-RTO RFC5682 sec 3.1 (sack enhanced version). */
                /* Step 3.b. A timeout is spurious if not all data are
                 * lost, i.e., never-retransmitted data are (s)acked.
                 */
                if ((flag & FLAG_ORIG_SACK_ACKED) &&
                    tcp_try_undo_loss(sk, true))
                        return;

                if (after(tp->snd_nxt, tp->high_seq)) {
                        if (flag & FLAG_DATA_SACKED || is_dupack)
                                tp->frto = 0; /* Step 3.a. loss was real */
                } else if (flag & FLAG_SND_UNA_ADVANCED && !recovered) {
                        tp->high_seq = tp->snd_nxt;
                        /* Step 2.b. Try send new data (but deferred until cwnd
                         * is updated in tcp_ack()). Otherwise fall back to
                         * the conventional recovery.
                         */
                        if (tcp_send_head(sk) &&
                            after(tcp_wnd_end(tp), tp->snd_nxt)) {
                                *rexmit = REXMIT_NEW;
                                return;
                        }
                        tp->frto = 0;
                }
        }

        if (recovered) {
                /* F-RTO RFC5682 sec 3.1 step 2.a and 1st part of step 3.a */
                tcp_try_undo_recovery(sk);
                return;
        }
        if (tcp_is_reno(tp)) {
                /* A Reno DUPACK means new data in F-RTO step 2.b above are
                 * delivered. Lower inflight to clock out (re)tranmissions.
                 */
                if (after(tp->snd_nxt, tp->high_seq) && is_dupack)
                        tcp_add_reno_sack(sk);
                else if (flag & FLAG_SND_UNA_ADVANCED)
                        tcp_reset_reno_sack(tp);
        }
        *rexmit = REXMIT_LOST;
}

/* Undo during fast recovery after partial ACK. */
static bool tcp_try_undo_partial(struct sock *sk, const int acked)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (tp->undo_marker && tcp_packet_delayed(tp)) {
                /* Plain luck! Hole if filled with delayed
                 * packet, rather than with a retransmit.
                 */
                tcp_update_reordering(sk, tcp_fackets_out(tp) + acked, 1);

                /* We are getting evidence that the reordering degree is higher
                 * than we realized. If there are no retransmits out then we
                 * can undo. Otherwise we clock out new packets but do not
                 * mark more packets lost or retransmit more.
                 */
                if (tp->retrans_out)
                        return true;

                if (!tcp_any_retrans_done(sk))
                        tp->retrans_stamp = 0;

                DBGUNDO(sk, "partial recovery");
                tcp_undo_cwnd_reduction(sk, true);
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPPARTIALUNDO);
                tcp_try_keep_open(sk);
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

/* Process an event, which can update packets-in-flight not trivially.
 * Main goal of this function is to calculate new estimate for left_out,
 * taking into account both packets sitting in receiver's buffer and
 * packets lost by network.
 *
 * Besides that it updates the congestion state when packet loss or ECN
 * is detected. But it does not reduce the cwnd, it is done by the
 * congestion control later.
 *
 * It does _not_ decide what to send, it is made in function
 * tcp_xmit_retransmit_queue().
 */
static void tcp_fastretrans_alert(struct sock *sk, const int acked,
                                  bool is_dupack, int *ack_flag, int *rexmit)
{
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        int fast_rexmit = 0, flag = *ack_flag;
        bool do_lost = is_dupack || ((flag & FLAG_DATA_SACKED) &&
                                    (tcp_fackets_out(tp) > tp->reordering));

        if (WARN_ON(!tp->packets_out && tp->sacked_out))
                tp->sacked_out = 0;
        if (WARN_ON(!tp->sacked_out && tp->fackets_out))
                tp->fackets_out = 0;

        /* Now state machine starts.
         * A. ECE, hence prohibit cwnd undoing, the reduction is required. */
        if (flag & FLAG_ECE)
                tp->prior_ssthresh = 0;

        /* B. In all the states check for reneging SACKs. */
        if (tcp_check_sack_reneging(sk, flag))
                return;

        /* C. Check consistency of the current state. */
        tcp_verify_left_out(tp);

        /* D. Check state exit conditions. State can be terminated
         *    when high_seq is ACKed. */
        if (icsk->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Open) {
                WARN_ON(tp->retrans_out != 0);
                tp->retrans_stamp = 0;
        } else if (!before(tp->snd_una, tp->high_seq)) {
                switch (icsk->icsk_ca_state) {
                case TCP_CA_CWR:
                        /* CWR is to be held something *above* high_seq
                         * is ACKed for CWR bit to reach receiver. */
                        if (tp->snd_una != tp->high_seq) {
                                tcp_end_cwnd_reduction(sk);
                                tcp_set_ca_state(sk, TCP_CA_Open);
                        }
                        break;

                case TCP_CA_Recovery:
                        if (tcp_is_reno(tp))
                                tcp_reset_reno_sack(tp);
                        if (tcp_try_undo_recovery(sk))
                                return;
                        tcp_end_cwnd_reduction(sk);
                        break;
                }
        }

        /* Use RACK to detect loss */
        if (sysctl_tcp_recovery & TCP_RACK_LOST_RETRANS &&
            tcp_rack_mark_lost(sk)) {
                flag |= FLAG_LOST_RETRANS;
                *ack_flag |= FLAG_LOST_RETRANS;
        }

        /* E. Process state. */
        switch (icsk->icsk_ca_state) {
        case TCP_CA_Recovery:
                if (!(flag & FLAG_SND_UNA_ADVANCED)) {
                        if (tcp_is_reno(tp) && is_dupack)
                                tcp_add_reno_sack(sk);
                } else {
                        if (tcp_try_undo_partial(sk, acked))
                                return;
                        /* Partial ACK arrived. Force fast retransmit. */
                        do_lost = tcp_is_reno(tp) ||
                                  tcp_fackets_out(tp) > tp->reordering;
                }
                if (tcp_try_undo_dsack(sk)) {
                        tcp_try_keep_open(sk);
                        return;
                }
                break;
        case TCP_CA_Loss:
                tcp_process_loss(sk, flag, is_dupack, rexmit);
                if (icsk->icsk_ca_state != TCP_CA_Open &&
                    !(flag & FLAG_LOST_RETRANS))
                        return;
                /* Change state if cwnd is undone or retransmits are lost */
        default:
                if (tcp_is_reno(tp)) {
                        if (flag & FLAG_SND_UNA_ADVANCED)
                                tcp_reset_reno_sack(tp);
                        if (is_dupack)
                                tcp_add_reno_sack(sk);
                }

                if (icsk->icsk_ca_state <= TCP_CA_Disorder)
                        tcp_try_undo_dsack(sk);

                if (!tcp_time_to_recover(sk, flag)) {
                        tcp_try_to_open(sk, flag);
                        return;
                }

                /* MTU probe failure: don't reduce cwnd */
                if (icsk->icsk_ca_state < TCP_CA_CWR &&
                    icsk->icsk_mtup.probe_size &&
                    tp->snd_una == tp->mtu_probe.probe_seq_start) {
                        tcp_mtup_probe_failed(sk);
                        /* Restores the reduction we did in tcp_mtup_probe() */
                        tp->snd_cwnd++;
                        tcp_simple_retransmit(sk);
                        return;
                }

                /* Otherwise enter Recovery state */
                tcp_enter_recovery(sk, (flag & FLAG_ECE));
                fast_rexmit = 1;
        }

        if (do_lost)
                tcp_update_scoreboard(sk, fast_rexmit);
        *rexmit = REXMIT_LOST;
}

/* Kathleen Nichols' algorithm for tracking the minimum value of
 * a data stream over some fixed time interval. (E.g., the minimum
 * RTT over the past five minutes.) It uses constant space and constant
 * time per update yet almost always delivers the same minimum as an
 * implementation that has to keep all the data in the window.
 *
 * The algorithm keeps track of the best, 2nd best & 3rd best min
 * values, maintaining an invariant that the measurement time of the
 * n'th best >= n-1'th best. It also makes sure that the three values
 * are widely separated in the time window since that bounds the worse
 * case error when that data is monotonically increasing over the window.
 *
 * Upon getting a new min, we can forget everything earlier because it
 * has no value - the new min is <= everything else in the window by
 * definition and it's the most recent. So we restart fresh on every new min
 * and overwrites 2nd & 3rd choices. The same property holds for 2nd & 3rd
 * best.
 */
static void tcp_update_rtt_min(struct sock *sk, u32 rtt_us)
{
        const u32 now = tcp_time_stamp, wlen = sysctl_tcp_min_rtt_wlen * HZ;
        struct rtt_meas *m = tcp_sk(sk)->rtt_min;
        struct rtt_meas rttm = {
                .rtt = likely(rtt_us) ? rtt_us : jiffies_to_usecs(1),
                .ts = now,
        };
        u32 elapsed;

        /* Check if the new measurement updates the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd choices */
        if (unlikely(rttm.rtt <= m[0].rtt))
                m[0] = m[1] = m[2] = rttm;
        else if (rttm.rtt <= m[1].rtt)
                m[1] = m[2] = rttm;
        else if (rttm.rtt <= m[2].rtt)
                m[2] = rttm;

        elapsed = now - m[0].ts;
        if (unlikely(elapsed > wlen)) {
                /* Passed entire window without a new min so make 2nd choice
                 * the new min & 3rd choice the new 2nd. So forth and so on.
                 */
                m[0] = m[1];
                m[1] = m[2];
                m[2] = rttm;
                if (now - m[0].ts > wlen) {
                        m[0] = m[1];
                        m[1] = rttm;
                        if (now - m[0].ts > wlen)
                                m[0] = rttm;
                }
        } else if (m[1].ts == m[0].ts && elapsed > wlen / 4) {
                /* Passed a quarter of the window without a new min so
                 * take 2nd choice from the 2nd quarter of the window.
                 */
                m[2] = m[1] = rttm;
        } else if (m[2].ts == m[1].ts && elapsed > wlen / 2) {
                /* Passed half the window without a new min so take the 3rd
                 * choice from the last half of the window.
                 */
                m[2] = rttm;
        }
}

static inline bool tcp_ack_update_rtt(struct sock *sk, const int flag,
                                      long seq_rtt_us, long sack_rtt_us,
                                      long ca_rtt_us)
{
        const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        /* Prefer RTT measured from ACK's timing to TS-ECR. This is because
         * broken middle-boxes or peers may corrupt TS-ECR fields. But
         * Karn's algorithm forbids taking RTT if some retransmitted data
         * is acked (RFC6298).
         */
        if (seq_rtt_us < 0)
                seq_rtt_us = sack_rtt_us;

        /* RTTM Rule: A TSecr value received in a segment is used to
         * update the averaged RTT measurement only if the segment
         * acknowledges some new data, i.e., only if it advances the
         * left edge of the send window.
         * See draft-ietf-tcplw-high-performance-00, section 3.3.
         */
        if (seq_rtt_us < 0 && tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp && tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr &&
            flag & FLAG_ACKED)
                seq_rtt_us = ca_rtt_us = jiffies_to_usecs(tcp_time_stamp -
                                                          tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr);
        if (seq_rtt_us < 0)
                return false;

        /* ca_rtt_us >= 0 is counting on the invariant that ca_rtt_us is
         * always taken together with ACK, SACK, or TS-opts. Any negative
         * values will be skipped with the seq_rtt_us < 0 check above.
         */
        tcp_update_rtt_min(sk, ca_rtt_us);
        tcp_rtt_estimator(sk, seq_rtt_us);
        tcp_set_rto(sk);

        /* RFC6298: only reset backoff on valid RTT measurement. */
        inet_csk(sk)->icsk_backoff = 0;
        return true;
}

/* Compute time elapsed between (last) SYNACK and the ACK completing 3WHS. */
void tcp_synack_rtt_meas(struct sock *sk, struct request_sock *req)
{
        long rtt_us = -1L;

        if (req && !req->num_retrans && tcp_rsk(req)->snt_synack.v64) {
                struct skb_mstamp now;

                skb_mstamp_get(&now);
                rtt_us = skb_mstamp_us_delta(&now, &tcp_rsk(req)->snt_synack);
        }

        tcp_ack_update_rtt(sk, FLAG_SYN_ACKED, rtt_us, -1L, rtt_us);
}


static void tcp_cong_avoid(struct sock *sk, u32 ack, u32 acked)
{
        const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);

        icsk->icsk_ca_ops->cong_avoid(sk, ack, acked);
        tcp_sk(sk)->snd_cwnd_stamp = tcp_time_stamp;
}

/* Restart timer after forward progress on connection.
 * RFC2988 recommends to restart timer to now+rto.
 */
void tcp_rearm_rto(struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        /* If the retrans timer is currently being used by Fast Open
         * for SYN-ACK retrans purpose, stay put.
         */
        if (tp->fastopen_rsk)
                return;

        if (!tp->packets_out) {
                inet_csk_clear_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS);
        } else {
                u32 rto = inet_csk(sk)->icsk_rto;
                /* Offset the time elapsed after installing regular RTO */
                if (icsk->icsk_pending == ICSK_TIME_EARLY_RETRANS ||
                    icsk->icsk_pending == ICSK_TIME_LOSS_PROBE) {
                        struct sk_buff *skb = tcp_write_queue_head(sk);
                        const u32 rto_time_stamp =
                                tcp_skb_timestamp(skb) + rto;
                        s32 delta = (s32)(rto_time_stamp - tcp_time_stamp);
                        /* delta may not be positive if the socket is locked
                         * when the retrans timer fires and is rescheduled.
                         */
                        if (delta > 0)
                                rto = delta;
                }
                inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS, rto,
                                          TCP_RTO_MAX);
        }
}

/* This function is called when the delayed ER timer fires. TCP enters
 * fast recovery and performs fast-retransmit.
 */
void tcp_resume_early_retransmit(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        tcp_rearm_rto(sk);

        /* Stop if ER is disabled after the delayed ER timer is scheduled */
        if (!tp->do_early_retrans)
                return;

        tcp_enter_recovery(sk, false);
        tcp_update_scoreboard(sk, 1);
        tcp_xmit_retransmit_queue(sk);
}

/* If we get here, the whole TSO packet has not been acked. */
static u32 tcp_tso_acked(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        u32 packets_acked;

        BUG_ON(!after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, tp->snd_una));

        packets_acked = tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
        if (tcp_trim_head(sk, skb, tp->snd_una - TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq))
                return 0;
        packets_acked -= tcp_skb_pcount(skb);

        if (packets_acked) {
                BUG_ON(tcp_skb_pcount(skb) == 0);
                BUG_ON(!before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq));
        }

        return packets_acked;
}

static void tcp_ack_tstamp(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
                           u32 prior_snd_una)
{
        const struct skb_shared_info *shinfo;

        /* Avoid cache line misses to get skb_shinfo() and shinfo->tx_flags */
        if (likely(!TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->txstamp_ack))
                return;

        shinfo = skb_shinfo(skb);
        if (!before(shinfo->tskey, prior_snd_una) &&
            before(shinfo->tskey, tcp_sk(sk)->snd_una))
                __skb_tstamp_tx(skb, NULL, sk, SCM_TSTAMP_ACK);
}

/* Remove acknowledged frames from the retransmission queue. If our packet
 * is before the ack sequence we can discard it as it's confirmed to have
 * arrived at the other end.
 */
static int tcp_clean_rtx_queue(struct sock *sk, int prior_fackets,
                               u32 prior_snd_una, int *acked,
                               struct tcp_sacktag_state *sack)
{
        const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        struct skb_mstamp first_ackt, last_ackt, now;
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        u32 prior_sacked = tp->sacked_out;
        u32 reord = tp->packets_out;
        bool fully_acked = true;
        long sack_rtt_us = -1L;
        long seq_rtt_us = -1L;
        long ca_rtt_us = -1L;
        struct sk_buff *skb;
        u32 pkts_acked = 0;
        u32 last_in_flight = 0;
        bool rtt_update;
        int flag = 0;

        first_ackt.v64 = 0;

        while ((skb = tcp_write_queue_head(sk)) && skb != tcp_send_head(sk)) {
                struct tcp_skb_cb *scb = TCP_SKB_CB(skb);
                u8 sacked = scb->sacked;
                u32 acked_pcount;

                tcp_ack_tstamp(sk, skb, prior_snd_una);

                /* Determine how many packets and what bytes were acked, tso and else */
                if (after(scb->end_seq, tp->snd_una)) {
                        if (tcp_skb_pcount(skb) == 1 ||
                            !after(tp->snd_una, scb->seq))
                                break;

                        acked_pcount = tcp_tso_acked(sk, skb);
                        if (!acked_pcount)
                                break;

                        fully_acked = false;
                } else {
                        /* Speedup tcp_unlink_write_queue() and next loop */
                        prefetchw(skb->next);
                        acked_pcount = tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
                }

                if (unlikely(sacked & TCPCB_RETRANS)) {
                        if (sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS)
                                tp->retrans_out -= acked_pcount;
                        flag |= FLAG_RETRANS_DATA_ACKED;
                } else if (!(sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED)) {
                        last_ackt = skb->skb_mstamp;
                        WARN_ON_ONCE(last_ackt.v64 == 0);
                        if (!first_ackt.v64)
                                first_ackt = last_ackt;

                        last_in_flight = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->tx.in_flight;
                        reord = min(pkts_acked, reord);
                        if (!after(scb->end_seq, tp->high_seq))
                                flag |= FLAG_ORIG_SACK_ACKED;
                }

                if (sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED) {
                        tp->sacked_out -= acked_pcount;
                } else if (tcp_is_sack(tp)) {
                        tp->delivered += acked_pcount;
                        if (!tcp_skb_spurious_retrans(tp, skb))
                                tcp_rack_advance(tp, &skb->skb_mstamp, sacked);
                }
                if (sacked & TCPCB_LOST)
                        tp->lost_out -= acked_pcount;

                tp->packets_out -= acked_pcount;
                pkts_acked += acked_pcount;

                /* Initial outgoing SYN's get put onto the write_queue
                 * just like anything else we transmit.  It is not
                 * true data, and if we misinform our callers that
                 * this ACK acks real data, we will erroneously exit
                 * connection startup slow start one packet too
                 * quickly.  This is severely frowned upon behavior.
                 */
                if (likely(!(scb->tcp_flags & TCPHDR_SYN))) {
                        flag |= FLAG_DATA_ACKED;
                } else {
                        flag |= FLAG_SYN_ACKED;
                        tp->retrans_stamp = 0;
                }

                if (!fully_acked)
                        break;

                tcp_unlink_write_queue(skb, sk);
                sk_wmem_free_skb(sk, skb);
                if (unlikely(skb == tp->retransmit_skb_hint))
                        tp->retransmit_skb_hint = NULL;
                if (unlikely(skb == tp->lost_skb_hint))
                        tp->lost_skb_hint = NULL;
        }

        if (likely(between(tp->snd_up, prior_snd_una, tp->snd_una)))
                tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;

        if (skb && (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED))
                flag |= FLAG_SACK_RENEGING;

        skb_mstamp_get(&now);
        if (likely(first_ackt.v64) && !(flag & FLAG_RETRANS_DATA_ACKED)) {
                seq_rtt_us = skb_mstamp_us_delta(&now, &first_ackt);
                ca_rtt_us = skb_mstamp_us_delta(&now, &last_ackt);
        }
        if (sack->first_sackt.v64) {
                sack_rtt_us = skb_mstamp_us_delta(&now, &sack->first_sackt);
                ca_rtt_us = skb_mstamp_us_delta(&now, &sack->last_sackt);
        }

        rtt_update = tcp_ack_update_rtt(sk, flag, seq_rtt_us, sack_rtt_us,
                                        ca_rtt_us);

        if (flag & FLAG_ACKED) {
                tcp_rearm_rto(sk);
                if (unlikely(icsk->icsk_mtup.probe_size &&
                             !after(tp->mtu_probe.probe_seq_end, tp->snd_una))) {
                        tcp_mtup_probe_success(sk);
                }

                if (tcp_is_reno(tp)) {
                        tcp_remove_reno_sacks(sk, pkts_acked);
                } else {
                        int delta;

                        /* Non-retransmitted hole got filled? That's reordering */
                        if (reord < prior_fackets)
                                tcp_update_reordering(sk, tp->fackets_out - reord, 0);

                        delta = tcp_is_fack(tp) ? pkts_acked :
                                                  prior_sacked - tp->sacked_out;
                        tp->lost_cnt_hint -= min(tp->lost_cnt_hint, delta);
                }

                tp->fackets_out -= min(pkts_acked, tp->fackets_out);

        } else if (skb && rtt_update && sack_rtt_us >= 0 &&
                   sack_rtt_us > skb_mstamp_us_delta(&now, &skb->skb_mstamp)) {
                /* Do not re-arm RTO if the sack RTT is measured from data sent
                 * after when the head was last (re)transmitted. Otherwise the
                 * timeout may continue to extend in loss recovery.
                 */
                tcp_rearm_rto(sk);
        }

        if (icsk->icsk_ca_ops->pkts_acked) {
                struct ack_sample sample = { .pkts_acked = pkts_acked,
                                             .rtt_us = ca_rtt_us,
                                             .in_flight = last_in_flight };

                icsk->icsk_ca_ops->pkts_acked(sk, &sample);
        }

#if FASTRETRANS_DEBUG > 0
        WARN_ON((int)tp->sacked_out < 0);
        WARN_ON((int)tp->lost_out < 0);
        WARN_ON((int)tp->retrans_out < 0);
        if (!tp->packets_out && tcp_is_sack(tp)) {
                icsk = inet_csk(sk);
                if (tp->lost_out) {
                        pr_debug("Leak l=%u %d\n",
                                 tp->lost_out, icsk->icsk_ca_state);
                        tp->lost_out = 0;
                }
                if (tp->sacked_out) {
                        pr_debug("Leak s=%u %d\n",
                                 tp->sacked_out, icsk->icsk_ca_state);
                        tp->sacked_out = 0;
                }
                if (tp->retrans_out) {
                        pr_debug("Leak r=%u %d\n",
                                 tp->retrans_out, icsk->icsk_ca_state);
                        tp->retrans_out = 0;
                }
        }
#endif
        *acked = pkts_acked;
        return flag;
}

static void tcp_ack_probe(struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);

        /* Was it a usable window open? */

        if (!after(TCP_SKB_CB(tcp_send_head(sk))->end_seq, tcp_wnd_end(tp))) {
                icsk->icsk_backoff = 0;
                inet_csk_clear_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_PROBE0);
                /* Socket must be waked up by subsequent tcp_data_snd_check().
                 * This function is not for random using!
                 */
        } else {
                unsigned long when = tcp_probe0_when(sk, TCP_RTO_MAX);

                inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_PROBE0,
                                          when, TCP_RTO_MAX);
        }
}

static inline bool tcp_ack_is_dubious(const struct sock *sk, const int flag)
{
        return !(flag & FLAG_NOT_DUP) || (flag & FLAG_CA_ALERT) ||
                inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_state != TCP_CA_Open;
}

/* Decide wheather to run the increase function of congestion control. */
static inline bool tcp_may_raise_cwnd(const struct sock *sk, const int flag)
{
        /* If reordering is high then always grow cwnd whenever data is
         * delivered regardless of its ordering. Otherwise stay conservative
         * and only grow cwnd on in-order delivery (RFC5681). A stretched ACK w/
         * new SACK or ECE mark may first advance cwnd here and later reduce
         * cwnd in tcp_fastretrans_alert() based on more states.
         */
        if (tcp_sk(sk)->reordering > sock_net(sk)->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_reordering)
                return flag & FLAG_FORWARD_PROGRESS;

        return flag & FLAG_DATA_ACKED;
}

/* The "ultimate" congestion control function that aims to replace the rigid
 * cwnd increase and decrease control (tcp_cong_avoid,tcp_*cwnd_reduction).
 * It's called toward the end of processing an ACK with precise rate
 * information. All transmission or retransmission are delayed afterwards.
 */
static void tcp_cong_control(struct sock *sk, u32 ack, u32 acked_sacked,
                             int flag)
{
        if (tcp_in_cwnd_reduction(sk)) {
                /* Reduce cwnd if state mandates */
                tcp_cwnd_reduction(sk, acked_sacked, flag);
        } else if (tcp_may_raise_cwnd(sk, flag)) {
                /* Advance cwnd if state allows */
                tcp_cong_avoid(sk, ack, acked_sacked);
        }
        tcp_update_pacing_rate(sk);
}

/* Check that window update is acceptable.
 * The function assumes that snd_una<=ack<=snd_next.
 */
static inline bool tcp_may_update_window(const struct tcp_sock *tp,
                                        const u32 ack, const u32 ack_seq,
                                        const u32 nwin)
{
        return  after(ack, tp->snd_una) ||
                after(ack_seq, tp->snd_wl1) ||
                (ack_seq == tp->snd_wl1 && nwin > tp->snd_wnd);
}

/* If we update tp->snd_una, also update tp->bytes_acked */
static void tcp_snd_una_update(struct tcp_sock *tp, u32 ack)
{
        u32 delta = ack - tp->snd_una;

        sock_owned_by_me((struct sock *)tp);
        u64_stats_update_begin_raw(&tp->syncp);
        tp->bytes_acked += delta;
        u64_stats_update_end_raw(&tp->syncp);
        tp->snd_una = ack;
}

/* If we update tp->rcv_nxt, also update tp->bytes_received */
static void tcp_rcv_nxt_update(struct tcp_sock *tp, u32 seq)
{
        u32 delta = seq - tp->rcv_nxt;

        sock_owned_by_me((struct sock *)tp);
        u64_stats_update_begin_raw(&tp->syncp);
        tp->bytes_received += delta;
        u64_stats_update_end_raw(&tp->syncp);
        tp->rcv_nxt = seq;
}

/* Update our send window.
 *
 * Window update algorithm, described in RFC793/RFC1122 (used in linux-2.2
 * and in FreeBSD. NetBSD's one is even worse.) is wrong.
 */
static int tcp_ack_update_window(struct sock *sk, const struct sk_buff *skb, u32 ack,
                                 u32 ack_seq)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        int flag = 0;
        u32 nwin = ntohs(tcp_hdr(skb)->window);

        if (likely(!tcp_hdr(skb)->syn))
                nwin <<= tp->rx_opt.snd_wscale;

        if (tcp_may_update_window(tp, ack, ack_seq, nwin)) {
                flag |= FLAG_WIN_UPDATE;
                tcp_update_wl(tp, ack_seq);

                if (tp->snd_wnd != nwin) {
                        tp->snd_wnd = nwin;

                        /* Note, it is the only place, where
                         * fast path is recovered for sending TCP.
                         */
                        tp->pred_flags = 0;
                        tcp_fast_path_check(sk);

                        if (tcp_send_head(sk))
                                tcp_slow_start_after_idle_check(sk);

                        if (nwin > tp->max_window) {
                                tp->max_window = nwin;
                                tcp_sync_mss(sk, inet_csk(sk)->icsk_pmtu_cookie);
                        }
                }
        }

        tcp_snd_una_update(tp, ack);

        return flag;
}

static bool __tcp_oow_rate_limited(struct net *net, int mib_idx,
                                   u32 *last_oow_ack_time)
{
        if (*last_oow_ack_time) {
                s32 elapsed = (s32)(tcp_time_stamp - *last_oow_ack_time);

                if (0 <= elapsed && elapsed < sysctl_tcp_invalid_ratelimit) {
                        NET_INC_STATS(net, mib_idx);
                        return true;    /* rate-limited: don't send yet! */
                }
        }

        *last_oow_ack_time = tcp_time_stamp;

        return false;   /* not rate-limited: go ahead, send dupack now! */
}

/* Return true if we're currently rate-limiting out-of-window ACKs and
 * thus shouldn't send a dupack right now. We rate-limit dupacks in
 * response to out-of-window SYNs or ACKs to mitigate ACK loops or DoS
 * attacks that send repeated SYNs or ACKs for the same connection. To
 * do this, we do not send a duplicate SYNACK or ACK if the remote
 * endpoint is sending out-of-window SYNs or pure ACKs at a high rate.
 */
bool tcp_oow_rate_limited(struct net *net, const struct sk_buff *skb,
                          int mib_idx, u32 *last_oow_ack_time)
{
        /* Data packets without SYNs are not likely part of an ACK loop. */
        if ((TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq != TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq) &&
            !tcp_hdr(skb)->syn)
                return false;

        return __tcp_oow_rate_limited(net, mib_idx, last_oow_ack_time);
}

/* RFC 5961 7 [ACK Throttling] */
static void tcp_send_challenge_ack(struct sock *sk, const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        /* unprotected vars, we dont care of overwrites */
        static u32 challenge_timestamp;
        static unsigned int challenge_count;
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        u32 count, now;

        /* First check our per-socket dupack rate limit. */
        if (__tcp_oow_rate_limited(sock_net(sk),
                                   LINUX_MIB_TCPACKSKIPPEDCHALLENGE,
                                   &tp->last_oow_ack_time))
                return;

        /* Then check host-wide RFC 5961 rate limit. */
        now = jiffies / HZ;
        if (now != challenge_timestamp) {
                u32 half = (sysctl_tcp_challenge_ack_limit + 1) >> 1;

                challenge_timestamp = now;
                WRITE_ONCE(challenge_count, half +
                           prandom_u32_max(sysctl_tcp_challenge_ack_limit));
        }
        count = READ_ONCE(challenge_count);
        if (count > 0) {
                WRITE_ONCE(challenge_count, count - 1);
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPCHALLENGEACK);
                tcp_send_ack(sk);
        }
}

static void tcp_store_ts_recent(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        tp->rx_opt.ts_recent = tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsval;
        tp->rx_opt.ts_recent_stamp = get_seconds();
}

static void tcp_replace_ts_recent(struct tcp_sock *tp, u32 seq)
{
        if (tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp && !after(seq, tp->rcv_wup)) {
                /* PAWS bug workaround wrt. ACK frames, the PAWS discard
                 * extra check below makes sure this can only happen
                 * for pure ACK frames.  -DaveM
                 *
                 * Not only, also it occurs for expired timestamps.
                 */

                if (tcp_paws_check(&tp->rx_opt, 0))
                        tcp_store_ts_recent(tp);
        }
}

/* This routine deals with acks during a TLP episode.
 * We mark the end of a TLP episode on receiving TLP dupack or when
 * ack is after tlp_high_seq.
 * Ref: loss detection algorithm in draft-dukkipati-tcpm-tcp-loss-probe.
 */
static void tcp_process_tlp_ack(struct sock *sk, u32 ack, int flag)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (before(ack, tp->tlp_high_seq))
                return;

        if (flag & FLAG_DSACKING_ACK) {
                /* This DSACK means original and TLP probe arrived; no loss */
                tp->tlp_high_seq = 0;
        } else if (after(ack, tp->tlp_high_seq)) {
                /* ACK advances: there was a loss, so reduce cwnd. Reset
                 * tlp_high_seq in tcp_init_cwnd_reduction()
                 */
                tcp_init_cwnd_reduction(sk);
                tcp_set_ca_state(sk, TCP_CA_CWR);
                tcp_end_cwnd_reduction(sk);
                tcp_try_keep_open(sk);
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk),
                                LINUX_MIB_TCPLOSSPROBERECOVERY);
        } else if (!(flag & (FLAG_SND_UNA_ADVANCED |
                             FLAG_NOT_DUP | FLAG_DATA_SACKED))) {
                /* Pure dupack: original and TLP probe arrived; no loss */
                tp->tlp_high_seq = 0;
        }
}

static inline void tcp_in_ack_event(struct sock *sk, u32 flags)
{
        const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);

        if (icsk->icsk_ca_ops->in_ack_event)
                icsk->icsk_ca_ops->in_ack_event(sk, flags);
}

/* Congestion control has updated the cwnd already. So if we're in
 * loss recovery then now we do any new sends (for FRTO) or
 * retransmits (for CA_Loss or CA_recovery) that make sense.
 */
static void tcp_xmit_recovery(struct sock *sk, int rexmit)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (rexmit == REXMIT_NONE)
                return;

        if (unlikely(rexmit == 2)) {
                __tcp_push_pending_frames(sk, tcp_current_mss(sk),
                                          TCP_NAGLE_OFF);
                if (after(tp->snd_nxt, tp->high_seq))
                        return;
                tp->frto = 0;
        }
        tcp_xmit_retransmit_queue(sk);
}

/* This routine deals with incoming acks, but not outgoing ones. */
static int tcp_ack(struct sock *sk, const struct sk_buff *skb, int flag)
{
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct tcp_sacktag_state sack_state;
        u32 prior_snd_una = tp->snd_una;
        u32 ack_seq = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;
        u32 ack = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ack_seq;
        bool is_dupack = false;
        u32 prior_fackets;
        int prior_packets = tp->packets_out;
        u32 prior_delivered = tp->delivered;
        int acked = 0; /* Number of packets newly acked */
        int rexmit = REXMIT_NONE; /* Flag to (re)transmit to recover losses */

        sack_state.first_sackt.v64 = 0;

        /* We very likely will need to access write queue head. */
        prefetchw(sk->sk_write_queue.next);

        /* If the ack is older than previous acks
         * then we can probably ignore it.
         */
        if (before(ack, prior_snd_una)) {
                /* RFC 5961 5.2 [Blind Data Injection Attack].[Mitigation] */
                if (before(ack, prior_snd_una - tp->max_window)) {
                        tcp_send_challenge_ack(sk, skb);
                        return -1;
                }
                goto old_ack;
        }

        /* If the ack includes data we haven't sent yet, discard
         * this segment (RFC793 Section 3.9).
         */
        if (after(ack, tp->snd_nxt))
                goto invalid_ack;

        if (icsk->icsk_pending == ICSK_TIME_EARLY_RETRANS ||
            icsk->icsk_pending == ICSK_TIME_LOSS_PROBE)
                tcp_rearm_rto(sk);

        if (after(ack, prior_snd_una)) {
                flag |= FLAG_SND_UNA_ADVANCED;
                icsk->icsk_retransmits = 0;
        }

        prior_fackets = tp->fackets_out;

        /* ts_recent update must be made after we are sure that the packet
         * is in window.
         */
        if (flag & FLAG_UPDATE_TS_RECENT)
                tcp_replace_ts_recent(tp, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq);

        if (!(flag & FLAG_SLOWPATH) && after(ack, prior_snd_una)) {
                /* Window is constant, pure forward advance.
                 * No more checks are required.
                 * Note, we use the fact that SND.UNA>=SND.WL2.
                 */
                tcp_update_wl(tp, ack_seq);
                tcp_snd_una_update(tp, ack);
                flag |= FLAG_WIN_UPDATE;

                tcp_in_ack_event(sk, CA_ACK_WIN_UPDATE);

                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPHPACKS);
        } else {
                u32 ack_ev_flags = CA_ACK_SLOWPATH;

                if (ack_seq != TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq)
                        flag |= FLAG_DATA;
                else
                        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPPUREACKS);

                flag |= tcp_ack_update_window(sk, skb, ack, ack_seq);

                if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked)
                        flag |= tcp_sacktag_write_queue(sk, skb, prior_snd_una,
                                                        &sack_state);

                if (tcp_ecn_rcv_ecn_echo(tp, tcp_hdr(skb))) {
                        flag |= FLAG_ECE;
                        ack_ev_flags |= CA_ACK_ECE;
                }

                if (flag & FLAG_WIN_UPDATE)
                        ack_ev_flags |= CA_ACK_WIN_UPDATE;

                tcp_in_ack_event(sk, ack_ev_flags);
        }

        /* We passed data and got it acked, remove any soft error
         * log. Something worked...
         */
        sk->sk_err_soft = 0;
        icsk->icsk_probes_out = 0;
        tp->rcv_tstamp = tcp_time_stamp;
        if (!prior_packets)
                goto no_queue;

        /* See if we can take anything off of the retransmit queue. */
        flag |= tcp_clean_rtx_queue(sk, prior_fackets, prior_snd_una, &acked,
                                    &sack_state);

        if (tcp_ack_is_dubious(sk, flag)) {
                is_dupack = !(flag & (FLAG_SND_UNA_ADVANCED | FLAG_NOT_DUP));
                tcp_fastretrans_alert(sk, acked, is_dupack, &flag, &rexmit);
        }
        if (tp->tlp_high_seq)
                tcp_process_tlp_ack(sk, ack, flag);

        if ((flag & FLAG_FORWARD_PROGRESS) || !(flag & FLAG_NOT_DUP)) {
                struct dst_entry *dst = __sk_dst_get(sk);
                if (dst)
                        dst_confirm(dst);
        }

        if (icsk->icsk_pending == ICSK_TIME_RETRANS)
                tcp_schedule_loss_probe(sk);
        tcp_cong_control(sk, ack, tp->delivered - prior_delivered, flag);
        tcp_xmit_recovery(sk, rexmit);
        return 1;

no_queue:
        /* If data was DSACKed, see if we can undo a cwnd reduction. */
        if (flag & FLAG_DSACKING_ACK)
                tcp_fastretrans_alert(sk, acked, is_dupack, &flag, &rexmit);
        /* If this ack opens up a zero window, clear backoff.  It was
         * being used to time the probes, and is probably far higher than
         * it needs to be for normal retransmission.
         */
        if (tcp_send_head(sk))
                tcp_ack_probe(sk);

        if (tp->tlp_high_seq)
                tcp_process_tlp_ack(sk, ack, flag);
        return 1;

invalid_ack:
        SOCK_DEBUG(sk, "Ack %u after %u:%u\n", ack, tp->snd_una, tp->snd_nxt);
        return -1;

old_ack:
        /* If data was SACKed, tag it and see if we should send more data.
         * If data was DSACKed, see if we can undo a cwnd reduction.
         */
        if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked) {
                flag |= tcp_sacktag_write_queue(sk, skb, prior_snd_una,
                                                &sack_state);
                tcp_fastretrans_alert(sk, acked, is_dupack, &flag, &rexmit);
                tcp_xmit_recovery(sk, rexmit);
        }

        SOCK_DEBUG(sk, "Ack %u before %u:%u\n", ack, tp->snd_una, tp->snd_nxt);
        return 0;
}

static void tcp_parse_fastopen_option(int len, const unsigned char *cookie,
                                      bool syn, struct tcp_fastopen_cookie *foc,
                                      bool exp_opt)
{
        /* Valid only in SYN or SYN-ACK with an even length.  */
        if (!foc || !syn || len < 0 || (len & 1))
                return;

        if (len >= TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_MIN &&
            len <= TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_MAX)
                memcpy(foc->val, cookie, len);
        else if (len != 0)
                len = -1;
        foc->len = len;
        foc->exp = exp_opt;
}

/* Look for tcp options. Normally only called on SYN and SYNACK packets.
 * But, this can also be called on packets in the established flow when
 * the fast version below fails.
 */
void tcp_parse_options(const struct sk_buff *skb,
                       struct tcp_options_received *opt_rx, int estab,
                       struct tcp_fastopen_cookie *foc)
{
        const unsigned char *ptr;
        const struct tcphdr *th = tcp_hdr(skb);
        int length = (th->doff * 4) - sizeof(struct tcphdr);

        ptr = (const unsigned char *)(th + 1);
        opt_rx->saw_tstamp = 0;

        while (length > 0) {
                int opcode = *ptr++;
                int opsize;

                switch (opcode) {
                case TCPOPT_EOL:
                        return;
                case TCPOPT_NOP:        /* Ref: RFC 793 section 3.1 */
                        length--;
                        continue;
                default:
                        opsize = *ptr++;
                        if (opsize < 2) /* "silly options" */
                                return;
                        if (opsize > length)
                                return; /* don't parse partial options */
                        switch (opcode) {
                        case TCPOPT_MSS:
                                if (opsize == TCPOLEN_MSS && th->syn && !estab) {
                                        u16 in_mss = get_unaligned_be16(ptr);
                                        if (in_mss) {
                                                if (opt_rx->user_mss &&
                                                    opt_rx->user_mss < in_mss)
                                                        in_mss = opt_rx->user_mss;
                                                opt_rx->mss_clamp = in_mss;
                                        }
                                }
                                break;
                        case TCPOPT_WINDOW:
                                if (opsize == TCPOLEN_WINDOW && th->syn &&
                                    !estab && sysctl_tcp_window_scaling) {
                                        __u8 snd_wscale = *(__u8 *)ptr;
                                        opt_rx->wscale_ok = 1;
                                        if (snd_wscale > 14) {
                                                net_info_ratelimited("%s: Illegal window scaling value %d >14 received\n",
                                                                     __func__,
                                                                     snd_wscale);
                                                snd_wscale = 14;
                                        }
                                        opt_rx->snd_wscale = snd_wscale;
                                }
                                break;
                        case TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP:
                                if ((opsize == TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP) &&
                                    ((estab && opt_rx->tstamp_ok) ||
                                     (!estab && sysctl_tcp_timestamps))) {
                                        opt_rx->saw_tstamp = 1;
                                        opt_rx->rcv_tsval = get_unaligned_be32(ptr);
                                        opt_rx->rcv_tsecr = get_unaligned_be32(ptr + 4);
                                }
                                break;
                        case TCPOPT_SACK_PERM:
                                if (opsize == TCPOLEN_SACK_PERM && th->syn &&
                                    !estab && sysctl_tcp_sack) {
                                        opt_rx->sack_ok = TCP_SACK_SEEN;
                                        tcp_sack_reset(opt_rx);
                                }
                                break;

                        case TCPOPT_SACK:
                                if ((opsize >= (TCPOLEN_SACK_BASE + TCPOLEN_SACK_PERBLOCK)) &&
                                   !((opsize - TCPOLEN_SACK_BASE) % TCPOLEN_SACK_PERBLOCK) &&
                                   opt_rx->sack_ok) {
                                        TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked = (ptr - 2) - (unsigned char *)th;
                                }
                                break;
#ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG
                        case TCPOPT_MD5SIG:
                                /*
                                 * The MD5 Hash has already been
                                 * checked (see tcp_v{4,6}_do_rcv()).
                                 */
                                break;
#endif
                        case TCPOPT_FASTOPEN:
                                tcp_parse_fastopen_option(
                                        opsize - TCPOLEN_FASTOPEN_BASE,
                                        ptr, th->syn, foc, false);
                                break;

                        case TCPOPT_EXP:
                                /* Fast Open option shares code 254 using a
                                 * 16 bits magic number.
                                 */
                                if (opsize >= TCPOLEN_EXP_FASTOPEN_BASE &&
                                    get_unaligned_be16(ptr) ==
                                    TCPOPT_FASTOPEN_MAGIC)
                                        tcp_parse_fastopen_option(opsize -
                                                TCPOLEN_EXP_FASTOPEN_BASE,
                                                ptr + 2, th->syn, foc, true);
                                break;

                        }
                        ptr += opsize-2;
                        length -= opsize;
                }
        }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_parse_options);

static bool tcp_parse_aligned_timestamp(struct tcp_sock *tp, const struct tcphdr *th)
{
        const __be32 *ptr = (const __be32 *)(th + 1);

        if (*ptr == htonl((TCPOPT_NOP << 24) | (TCPOPT_NOP << 16)
                          | (TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP << 8) | TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP)) {
                tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp = 1;
                ++ptr;
                tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsval = ntohl(*ptr);
                ++ptr;
                if (*ptr)
                        tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr = ntohl(*ptr) - tp->tsoffset;
                else
                        tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr = 0;
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

/* Fast parse options. This hopes to only see timestamps.
 * If it is wrong it falls back on tcp_parse_options().
 */
static bool tcp_fast_parse_options(const struct sk_buff *skb,
                                   const struct tcphdr *th, struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        /* In the spirit of fast parsing, compare doff directly to constant
         * values.  Because equality is used, short doff can be ignored here.
         */
        if (th->doff == (sizeof(*th) / 4)) {
                tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp = 0;
                return false;
        } else if (tp->rx_opt.tstamp_ok &&
                   th->doff == ((sizeof(*th) + TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED) / 4)) {
                if (tcp_parse_aligned_timestamp(tp, th))
                        return true;
        }

        tcp_parse_options(skb, &tp->rx_opt, 1, NULL);
        if (tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp && tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr)
                tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr -= tp->tsoffset;

        return true;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG
/*
 * Parse MD5 Signature option
 */
const u8 *tcp_parse_md5sig_option(const struct tcphdr *th)
{
        int length = (th->doff << 2) - sizeof(*th);
        const u8 *ptr = (const u8 *)(th + 1);

        /* If the TCP option is too short, we can short cut */
        if (length < TCPOLEN_MD5SIG)
                return NULL;

        while (length > 0) {
                int opcode = *ptr++;
                int opsize;

                switch (opcode) {
                case TCPOPT_EOL:
                        return NULL;
                case TCPOPT_NOP:
                        length--;
                        continue;
                default:
                        opsize = *ptr++;
                        if (opsize < 2 || opsize > length)
                                return NULL;
                        if (opcode == TCPOPT_MD5SIG)
                                return opsize == TCPOLEN_MD5SIG ? ptr : NULL;
                }
                ptr += opsize - 2;
                length -= opsize;
        }
        return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_parse_md5sig_option);
#endif

/* Sorry, PAWS as specified is broken wrt. pure-ACKs -DaveM
 *
 * It is not fatal. If this ACK does _not_ change critical state (seqs, window)
 * it can pass through stack. So, the following predicate verifies that
 * this segment is not used for anything but congestion avoidance or
 * fast retransmit. Moreover, we even are able to eliminate most of such
 * second order effects, if we apply some small "replay" window (~RTO)
 * to timestamp space.
 *
 * All these measures still do not guarantee that we reject wrapped ACKs
 * on networks with high bandwidth, when sequence space is recycled fastly,
 * but it guarantees that such events will be very rare and do not affect
 * connection seriously. This doesn't look nice, but alas, PAWS is really
 * buggy extension.
 *
 * [ Later note. Even worse! It is buggy for segments _with_ data. RFC
 * states that events when retransmit arrives after original data are rare.
 * It is a blatant lie. VJ forgot about fast retransmit! 8)8) It is
 * the biggest problem on large power networks even with minor reordering.
 * OK, let's give it small replay window. If peer clock is even 1hz, it is safe
 * up to bandwidth of 18Gigabit/sec. 8) ]
 */

static int tcp_disordered_ack(const struct sock *sk, const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        const struct tcphdr *th = tcp_hdr(skb);
        u32 seq = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;
        u32 ack = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ack_seq;

        return (/* 1. Pure ACK with correct sequence number. */
                (th->ack && seq == TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq && seq == tp->rcv_nxt) &&

                /* 2. ... and duplicate ACK. */
                ack == tp->snd_una &&

                /* 3. ... and does not update window. */
                !tcp_may_update_window(tp, ack, seq, ntohs(th->window) << tp->rx_opt.snd_wscale) &&

                /* 4. ... and sits in replay window. */
                (s32)(tp->rx_opt.ts_recent - tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsval) <= (inet_csk(sk)->icsk_rto * 1024) / HZ);
}

static inline bool tcp_paws_discard(const struct sock *sk,
                                   const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        return !tcp_paws_check(&tp->rx_opt, TCP_PAWS_WINDOW) &&
               !tcp_disordered_ack(sk, skb);
}

/* Check segment sequence number for validity.
 *
 * Segment controls are considered valid, if the segment
 * fits to the window after truncation to the window. Acceptability
 * of data (and SYN, FIN, of course) is checked separately.
 * See tcp_data_queue(), for example.
 *
 * Also, controls (RST is main one) are accepted using RCV.WUP instead
 * of RCV.NXT. Peer still did not advance his SND.UNA when we
 * delayed ACK, so that hisSND.UNA<=ourRCV.WUP.
 * (borrowed from freebsd)
 */

static inline bool tcp_sequence(const struct tcp_sock *tp, u32 seq, u32 end_seq)
{
        return  !before(end_seq, tp->rcv_wup) &&
                !after(seq, tp->rcv_nxt + tcp_receive_window(tp));
}

/* When we get a reset we do this. */
void tcp_reset(struct sock *sk)
{
        /* We want the right error as BSD sees it (and indeed as we do). */
        switch (sk->sk_state) {
        case TCP_SYN_SENT:
                sk->sk_err = ECONNREFUSED;
                break;
        case TCP_CLOSE_WAIT:
                sk->sk_err = EPIPE;
                break;
        case TCP_CLOSE:
                return;
        default:
                sk->sk_err = ECONNRESET;
        }
        /* This barrier is coupled with smp_rmb() in tcp_poll() */
        smp_wmb();

        if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD))
                sk->sk_error_report(sk);

        tcp_done(sk);
}

/*
 *      Process the FIN bit. This now behaves as it is supposed to work
 *      and the FIN takes effect when it is validly part of sequence
 *      space. Not before when we get holes.
 *
 *      If we are ESTABLISHED, a received fin moves us to CLOSE-WAIT
 *      (and thence onto LAST-ACK and finally, CLOSE, we never enter
 *      TIME-WAIT)
 *
 *      If we are in FINWAIT-1, a received FIN indicates simultaneous
 *      close and we go into CLOSING (and later onto TIME-WAIT)
 *
 *      If we are in FINWAIT-2, a received FIN moves us to TIME-WAIT.
 */
void tcp_fin(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        inet_csk_schedule_ack(sk);

        sk->sk_shutdown |= RCV_SHUTDOWN;
        sock_set_flag(sk, SOCK_DONE);

        switch (sk->sk_state) {
        case TCP_SYN_RECV:
        case TCP_ESTABLISHED:
                /* Move to CLOSE_WAIT */
                tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_CLOSE_WAIT);
                inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ack.pingpong = 1;
                break;

        case TCP_CLOSE_WAIT:
        case TCP_CLOSING:
                /* Received a retransmission of the FIN, do
                 * nothing.
                 */
                break;
        case TCP_LAST_ACK:
                /* RFC793: Remain in the LAST-ACK state. */
                break;

        case TCP_FIN_WAIT1:
                /* This case occurs when a simultaneous close
                 * happens, we must ack the received FIN and
                 * enter the CLOSING state.
                 */
                tcp_send_ack(sk);
                tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_CLOSING);
                break;
        case TCP_FIN_WAIT2:
                /* Received a FIN -- send ACK and enter TIME_WAIT. */
                tcp_send_ack(sk);
                tcp_time_wait(sk, TCP_TIME_WAIT, 0);
                break;
        default:
                /* Only TCP_LISTEN and TCP_CLOSE are left, in these
                 * cases we should never reach this piece of code.
                 */
                pr_err("%s: Impossible, sk->sk_state=%d\n",
                       __func__, sk->sk_state);
                break;
        }

        /* It _is_ possible, that we have something out-of-order _after_ FIN.
         * Probably, we should reset in this case. For now drop them.
         */
        skb_rbtree_purge(&tp->out_of_order_queue);
        if (tcp_is_sack(tp))
                tcp_sack_reset(&tp->rx_opt);
        sk_mem_reclaim(sk);

        if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
                sk->sk_state_change(sk);

                /* Do not send POLL_HUP for half duplex close. */
                if (sk->sk_shutdown == SHUTDOWN_MASK ||
                    sk->sk_state == TCP_CLOSE)
                        sk_wake_async(sk, SOCK_WAKE_WAITD, POLL_HUP);
                else
                        sk_wake_async(sk, SOCK_WAKE_WAITD, POLL_IN);
        }
}

static inline bool tcp_sack_extend(struct tcp_sack_block *sp, u32 seq,
                                  u32 end_seq)
{
        if (!after(seq, sp->end_seq) && !after(sp->start_seq, end_seq)) {
                if (before(seq, sp->start_seq))
                        sp->start_seq = seq;
                if (after(end_seq, sp->end_seq))
                        sp->end_seq = end_seq;
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

static void tcp_dsack_set(struct sock *sk, u32 seq, u32 end_seq)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (tcp_is_sack(tp) && sysctl_tcp_dsack) {
                int mib_idx;

                if (before(seq, tp->rcv_nxt))
                        mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPDSACKOLDSENT;
                else
                        mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPDSACKOFOSENT;

                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), mib_idx);

                tp->rx_opt.dsack = 1;
                tp->duplicate_sack[0].start_seq = seq;
                tp->duplicate_sack[0].end_seq = end_seq;
        }
}

static void tcp_dsack_extend(struct sock *sk, u32 seq, u32 end_seq)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (!tp->rx_opt.dsack)
                tcp_dsack_set(sk, seq, end_seq);
        else
                tcp_sack_extend(tp->duplicate_sack, seq, end_seq);
}

static void tcp_send_dupack(struct sock *sk, const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq != TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq &&
            before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_DELAYEDACKLOST);
                tcp_enter_quickack_mode(sk);

                if (tcp_is_sack(tp) && sysctl_tcp_dsack) {
                        u32 end_seq = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;

                        if (after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, tp->rcv_nxt))
                                end_seq = tp->rcv_nxt;
                        tcp_dsack_set(sk, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, end_seq);
                }
        }

        tcp_send_ack(sk);
}

/* These routines update the SACK block as out-of-order packets arrive or
 * in-order packets close up the sequence space.
 */
static void tcp_sack_maybe_coalesce(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        int this_sack;
        struct tcp_sack_block *sp = &tp->selective_acks[0];
        struct tcp_sack_block *swalk = sp + 1;

        /* See if the recent change to the first SACK eats into
         * or hits the sequence space of other SACK blocks, if so coalesce.
         */
        for (this_sack = 1; this_sack < tp->rx_opt.num_sacks;) {
                if (tcp_sack_extend(sp, swalk->start_seq, swalk->end_seq)) {
                        int i;

                        /* Zap SWALK, by moving every further SACK up by one slot.
                         * Decrease num_sacks.
                         */
                        tp->rx_opt.num_sacks--;
                        for (i = this_sack; i < tp->rx_opt.num_sacks; i++)
                                sp[i] = sp[i + 1];
                        continue;
                }
                this_sack++, swalk++;
        }
}

static void tcp_sack_new_ofo_skb(struct sock *sk, u32 seq, u32 end_seq)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct tcp_sack_block *sp = &tp->selective_acks[0];
        int cur_sacks = tp->rx_opt.num_sacks;
        int this_sack;

        if (!cur_sacks)
                goto new_sack;

        for (this_sack = 0; this_sack < cur_sacks; this_sack++, sp++) {
                if (tcp_sack_extend(sp, seq, end_seq)) {
                        /* Rotate this_sack to the first one. */
                        for (; this_sack > 0; this_sack--, sp--)
                                swap(*sp, *(sp - 1));
                        if (cur_sacks > 1)
                                tcp_sack_maybe_coalesce(tp);
                        return;
                }
        }

        /* Could not find an adjacent existing SACK, build a new one,
         * put it at the front, and shift everyone else down.  We
         * always know there is at least one SACK present already here.
         *
         * If the sack array is full, forget about the last one.
         */
        if (this_sack >= TCP_NUM_SACKS) {
                this_sack--;
                tp->rx_opt.num_sacks--;
                sp--;
        }
        for (; this_sack > 0; this_sack--, sp--)
                *sp = *(sp - 1);

new_sack:
        /* Build the new head SACK, and we're done. */
        sp->start_seq = seq;
        sp->end_seq = end_seq;
        tp->rx_opt.num_sacks++;
}

/* RCV.NXT advances, some SACKs should be eaten. */

static void tcp_sack_remove(struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
        struct tcp_sack_block *sp = &tp->selective_acks[0];
        int num_sacks = tp->rx_opt.num_sacks;
        int this_sack;

        /* Empty ofo queue, hence, all the SACKs are eaten. Clear. */
        if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&tp->out_of_order_queue)) {
                tp->rx_opt.num_sacks = 0;
                return;
        }

        for (this_sack = 0; this_sack < num_sacks;) {
                /* Check if the start of the sack is covered by RCV.NXT. */
                if (!before(tp->rcv_nxt, sp->start_seq)) {
                        int i;

                        /* RCV.NXT must cover all the block! */
                        WARN_ON(before(tp->rcv_nxt, sp->end_seq));

                        /* Zap this SACK, by moving forward any other SACKS. */
                        for (i = this_sack+1; i < num_sacks; i++)
                                tp->selective_acks[i-1] = tp->selective_acks[i];
                        num_sacks--;
                        continue;
                }
                this_sack++;
                sp++;
        }
        tp->rx_opt.num_sacks = num_sacks;
}

/**
 * tcp_try_coalesce - try to merge skb to prior one
 * @sk: socket
 * @to: prior buffer
 * @from: buffer to add in queue
 * @fragstolen: pointer to boolean
 *
 * Before queueing skb @from after @to, try to merge them
 * to reduce overall memory use and queue lengths, if cost is small.
 * Packets in ofo or receive queues can stay a long time.
 * Better try to coalesce them right now to avoid future collapses.
 * Returns true if caller should free @from instead of queueing it
 */
static bool tcp_try_coalesce(struct sock *sk,
                             struct sk_buff *to,
                             struct sk_buff *from,
                             bool *fragstolen)
{
        int delta;

        *fragstolen = false;

        /* Its possible this segment overlaps with prior segment in queue */
        if (TCP_SKB_CB(from)->seq != TCP_SKB_CB(to)->end_seq)
                return false;

        if (!skb_try_coalesce(to, from, fragstolen, &delta))
                return false;

        atomic_add(delta, &sk->sk_rmem_alloc);
        sk_mem_charge(sk, delta);
        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPRCVCOALESCE);
        TCP_SKB_CB(to)->end_seq = TCP_SKB_CB(from)->end_seq;
        TCP_SKB_CB(to)->ack_seq = TCP_SKB_CB(from)->ack_seq;
        TCP_SKB_CB(to)->tcp_flags |= TCP_SKB_CB(from)->tcp_flags;
        return true;
}

static void tcp_drop(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        sk_drops_add(sk, skb);
        __kfree_skb(skb);
}

/* This one checks to see if we can put data from the
 * out_of_order queue into the receive_queue.
 */
static void tcp_ofo_queue(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        __u32 dsack_high = tp->rcv_nxt;
        bool fin, fragstolen, eaten;
        struct sk_buff *skb, *tail;
        struct rb_node *p;

        p = rb_first(&tp->out_of_order_queue);
        while (p) {
                skb = rb_entry(p, struct sk_buff, rbnode);
                if (after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, tp->rcv_nxt))
                        break;

                if (before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, dsack_high)) {
                        __u32 dsack = dsack_high;
                        if (before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, dsack_high))
                                dsack_high = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;
                        tcp_dsack_extend(sk, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, dsack);
                }
                p = rb_next(p);
                rb_erase(&skb->rbnode, &tp->out_of_order_queue);

                if (unlikely(!after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, tp->rcv_nxt))) {
                        SOCK_DEBUG(sk, "ofo packet was already received\n");
                        tcp_drop(sk, skb);
                        continue;
                }
                SOCK_DEBUG(sk, "ofo requeuing : rcv_next %X seq %X - %X\n",
                           tp->rcv_nxt, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq,
                           TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq);

                tail = skb_peek_tail(&sk->sk_receive_queue);
                eaten = tail && tcp_try_coalesce(sk, tail, skb, &fragstolen);
                tcp_rcv_nxt_update(tp, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq);
                fin = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->tcp_flags & TCPHDR_FIN;
                if (!eaten)
                        __skb_queue_tail(&sk->sk_receive_queue, skb);
                else
                        kfree_skb_partial(skb, fragstolen);

                if (unlikely(fin)) {
                        tcp_fin(sk);
                        /* tcp_fin() purges tp->out_of_order_queue,
                         * so we must end this loop right now.
                         */
                        break;
                }
        }
}

static bool tcp_prune_ofo_queue(struct sock *sk);
static int tcp_prune_queue(struct sock *sk);

static int tcp_try_rmem_schedule(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
                                 unsigned int size)
{
        if (atomic_read(&sk->sk_rmem_alloc) > sk->sk_rcvbuf ||
            !sk_rmem_schedule(sk, skb, size)) {

                if (tcp_prune_queue(sk) < 0)
                        return -1;

                while (!sk_rmem_schedule(sk, skb, size)) {
                        if (!tcp_prune_ofo_queue(sk))
                                return -1;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

static void tcp_data_queue_ofo(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct rb_node **p, *q, *parent;
        struct sk_buff *skb1;
        u32 seq, end_seq;
        bool fragstolen;

        tcp_ecn_check_ce(tp, skb);

        if (unlikely(tcp_try_rmem_schedule(sk, skb, skb->truesize))) {
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPOFODROP);
                tcp_drop(sk, skb);
                return;
        }

        /* Disable header prediction. */
        tp->pred_flags = 0;
        inet_csk_schedule_ack(sk);

        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPOFOQUEUE);
        seq = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;
        end_seq = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;
        SOCK_DEBUG(sk, "out of order segment: rcv_next %X seq %X - %X\n",
                   tp->rcv_nxt, seq, end_seq);

        p = &tp->out_of_order_queue.rb_node;
        if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&tp->out_of_order_queue)) {
                /* Initial out of order segment, build 1 SACK. */
                if (tcp_is_sack(tp)) {
                        tp->rx_opt.num_sacks = 1;
                        tp->selective_acks[0].start_seq = seq;
                        tp->selective_acks[0].end_seq = end_seq;
                }
                rb_link_node(&skb->rbnode, NULL, p);
                rb_insert_color(&skb->rbnode, &tp->out_of_order_queue);
                tp->ooo_last_skb = skb;
                goto end;
        }

        /* In the typical case, we are adding an skb to the end of the list.
         * Use of ooo_last_skb avoids the O(Log(N)) rbtree lookup.
         */
        if (tcp_try_coalesce(sk, tp->ooo_last_skb, skb, &fragstolen)) {
coalesce_done:
                tcp_grow_window(sk, skb);
                kfree_skb_partial(skb, fragstolen);
                skb = NULL;
                goto add_sack;
        }
        /* Can avoid an rbtree lookup if we are adding skb after ooo_last_skb */
        if (!before(seq, TCP_SKB_CB(tp->ooo_last_skb)->end_seq)) {
                parent = &tp->ooo_last_skb->rbnode;
                p = &parent->rb_right;
                goto insert;
        }

        /* Find place to insert this segment. Handle overlaps on the way. */
        parent = NULL;
        while (*p) {
                parent = *p;
                skb1 = rb_entry(parent, struct sk_buff, rbnode);
                if (before(seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->seq)) {
                        p = &parent->rb_left;
                        continue;
                }
                if (before(seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->end_seq)) {
                        if (!after(end_seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->end_seq)) {
                                /* All the bits are present. Drop. */
                                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk),
                                              LINUX_MIB_TCPOFOMERGE);
                                __kfree_skb(skb);
                                skb = NULL;
                                tcp_dsack_set(sk, seq, end_seq);
                                goto add_sack;
                        }
                        if (after(seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->seq)) {
                                /* Partial overlap. */
                                tcp_dsack_set(sk, seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->end_seq);
                        } else {
                                /* skb's seq == skb1's seq and skb covers skb1.
                                 * Replace skb1 with skb.
                                 */
                                rb_replace_node(&skb1->rbnode, &skb->rbnode,
                                                &tp->out_of_order_queue);
                                tcp_dsack_extend(sk,
                                                 TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->seq,
                                                 TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->end_seq);
                                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk),
                                              LINUX_MIB_TCPOFOMERGE);
                                __kfree_skb(skb1);
                                goto add_sack;
                        }
                } else if (tcp_try_coalesce(sk, skb1, skb, &fragstolen)) {
                        goto coalesce_done;
                }
                p = &parent->rb_right;
        }
insert:
        /* Insert segment into RB tree. */
        rb_link_node(&skb->rbnode, parent, p);
        rb_insert_color(&skb->rbnode, &tp->out_of_order_queue);

        /* Remove other segments covered by skb. */
        while ((q = rb_next(&skb->rbnode)) != NULL) {
                skb1 = rb_entry(q, struct sk_buff, rbnode);

                if (!after(end_seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->seq))
                        break;
                if (before(end_seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->end_seq)) {
                        tcp_dsack_extend(sk, TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->seq,
                                         end_seq);
                        break;
                }
                rb_erase(&skb1->rbnode, &tp->out_of_order_queue);
                tcp_dsack_extend(sk, TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->seq,
                                 TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->end_seq);
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPOFOMERGE);
                tcp_drop(sk, skb1);
        }
        /* If there is no skb after us, we are the last_skb ! */
        if (!q)
                tp->ooo_last_skb = skb;

add_sack:
        if (tcp_is_sack(tp))
                tcp_sack_new_ofo_skb(sk, seq, end_seq);
end:
        if (skb) {
                tcp_grow_window(sk, skb);
                skb_set_owner_r(skb, sk);
        }
}

static int __must_check tcp_queue_rcv(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, int hdrlen,
                  bool *fragstolen)
{
        int eaten;
        struct sk_buff *tail = skb_peek_tail(&sk->sk_receive_queue);

        __skb_pull(skb, hdrlen);
        eaten = (tail &&
                 tcp_try_coalesce(sk, tail, skb, fragstolen)) ? 1 : 0;
        tcp_rcv_nxt_update(tcp_sk(sk), TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq);
        if (!eaten) {
                __skb_queue_tail(&sk->sk_receive_queue, skb);
                skb_set_owner_r(skb, sk);
        }
        return eaten;
}

int tcp_send_rcvq(struct sock *sk, struct msghdr *msg, size_t size)
{
        struct sk_buff *skb;
        int err = -ENOMEM;
        int data_len = 0;
        bool fragstolen;

        if (size == 0)
                return 0;

        if (size > PAGE_SIZE) {
                int npages = min_t(size_t, size >> PAGE_SHIFT, MAX_SKB_FRAGS);

                data_len = npages << PAGE_SHIFT;
                size = data_len + (size & ~PAGE_MASK);
        }
        skb = alloc_skb_with_frags(size - data_len, data_len,
                                   PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER,
                                   &err, sk->sk_allocation);
        if (!skb)
                goto err;

        skb_put(skb, size - data_len);
        skb->data_len = data_len;
        skb->len = size;

        if (tcp_try_rmem_schedule(sk, skb, skb->truesize))
                goto err_free;

        err = skb_copy_datagram_from_iter(skb, 0, &msg->msg_iter, size);
        if (err)
                goto err_free;

        TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq = tcp_sk(sk)->rcv_nxt;
        TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq + size;
        TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ack_seq = tcp_sk(sk)->snd_una - 1;

        if (tcp_queue_rcv(sk, skb, 0, &fragstolen)) {
                WARN_ON_ONCE(fragstolen); /* should not happen */
                __kfree_skb(skb);
        }
        return size;

err_free:
        kfree_skb(skb);
err:
        return err;

}

static void tcp_data_queue(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        bool fragstolen = false;
        int eaten = -1;

        if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq == TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq) {
                __kfree_skb(skb);
                return;
        }
        skb_dst_drop(skb);
        __skb_pull(skb, tcp_hdr(skb)->doff * 4);

        tcp_ecn_accept_cwr(tp, skb);

        tp->rx_opt.dsack = 0;

        /*  Queue data for delivery to the user.
         *  Packets in sequence go to the receive queue.
         *  Out of sequence packets to the out_of_order_queue.
         */
        if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq == tp->rcv_nxt) {
                if (tcp_receive_window(tp) == 0)
                        goto out_of_window;

                /* Ok. In sequence. In window. */
                if (tp->ucopy.task == current &&
                    tp->copied_seq == tp->rcv_nxt && tp->ucopy.len &&
                    sock_owned_by_user(sk) && !tp->urg_data) {
                        int chunk = min_t(unsigned int, skb->len,
                                          tp->ucopy.len);

                        __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);

                        if (!skb_copy_datagram_msg(skb, 0, tp->ucopy.msg, chunk)) {
                                tp->ucopy.len -= chunk;
                                tp->copied_seq += chunk;
                                eaten = (chunk == skb->len);
                                tcp_rcv_space_adjust(sk);
                        }
                }

                if (eaten <= 0) {
queue_and_out:
                        if (eaten < 0) {
                                if (skb_queue_len(&sk->sk_receive_queue) == 0)
                                        sk_forced_mem_schedule(sk, skb->truesize);
                                else if (tcp_try_rmem_schedule(sk, skb, skb->truesize))
                                        goto drop;
                        }
                        eaten = tcp_queue_rcv(sk, skb, 0, &fragstolen);
                }
                tcp_rcv_nxt_update(tp, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq);
                if (skb->len)
                        tcp_event_data_recv(sk, skb);
                if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->tcp_flags & TCPHDR_FIN)
                        tcp_fin(sk);

                if (!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&tp->out_of_order_queue)) {
                        tcp_ofo_queue(sk);

                        /* RFC2581. 4.2. SHOULD send immediate ACK, when
                         * gap in queue is filled.
                         */
                        if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&tp->out_of_order_queue))
                                inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ack.pingpong = 0;
                }

                if (tp->rx_opt.num_sacks)
                        tcp_sack_remove(tp);

                tcp_fast_path_check(sk);

                if (eaten > 0)
                        kfree_skb_partial(skb, fragstolen);
                if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD))
                        sk->sk_data_ready(sk);
                return;
        }

        if (!after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
                /* A retransmit, 2nd most common case.  Force an immediate ack. */
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_DELAYEDACKLOST);
                tcp_dsack_set(sk, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq);

out_of_window:
                tcp_enter_quickack_mode(sk);
                inet_csk_schedule_ack(sk);
drop:
                tcp_drop(sk, skb);
                return;
        }

        /* Out of window. F.e. zero window probe. */
        if (!before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, tp->rcv_nxt + tcp_receive_window(tp)))
                goto out_of_window;

        tcp_enter_quickack_mode(sk);

        if (before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
                /* Partial packet, seq < rcv_next < end_seq */
                SOCK_DEBUG(sk, "partial packet: rcv_next %X seq %X - %X\n",
                           tp->rcv_nxt, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq,
                           TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq);

                tcp_dsack_set(sk, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, tp->rcv_nxt);

                /* If window is closed, drop tail of packet. But after
                 * remembering D-SACK for its head made in previous line.
                 */
                if (!tcp_receive_window(tp))
                        goto out_of_window;
                goto queue_and_out;
        }

        tcp_data_queue_ofo(sk, skb);
}

static struct sk_buff *tcp_skb_next(struct sk_buff *skb, struct sk_buff_head *list)
{
        if (list)
                return !skb_queue_is_last(list, skb) ? skb->next : NULL;

        return rb_entry_safe(rb_next(&skb->rbnode), struct sk_buff, rbnode);
}

static struct sk_buff *tcp_collapse_one(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
                                        struct sk_buff_head *list,
                                        struct rb_root *root)
{
        struct sk_buff *next = tcp_skb_next(skb, list);

        if (list)
                __skb_unlink(skb, list);
        else
                rb_erase(&skb->rbnode, root);

        __kfree_skb(skb);
        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPRCVCOLLAPSED);

        return next;
}

/* Insert skb into rb tree, ordered by TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq */
static void tcp_rbtree_insert(struct rb_root *root, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct rb_node **p = &root->rb_node;
        struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
        struct sk_buff *skb1;

        while (*p) {
                parent = *p;
                skb1 = rb_entry(parent, struct sk_buff, rbnode);
                if (before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb1)->seq))
                        p = &parent->rb_left;
                else
                        p = &parent->rb_right;
        }
        rb_link_node(&skb->rbnode, parent, p);
        rb_insert_color(&skb->rbnode, root);
}

/* Collapse contiguous sequence of skbs head..tail with
 * sequence numbers start..end.
 *
 * If tail is NULL, this means until the end of the queue.
 *
 * Segments with FIN/SYN are not collapsed (only because this
 * simplifies code)
 */
static void
tcp_collapse(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff_head *list, struct rb_root *root,
             struct sk_buff *head, struct sk_buff *tail, u32 start, u32 end)
{
        struct sk_buff *skb = head, *n;
        struct sk_buff_head tmp;
        bool end_of_skbs;

        /* First, check that queue is collapsible and find
         * the point where collapsing can be useful.
         */
restart:
        for (end_of_skbs = true; skb != NULL && skb != tail; skb = n) {
                n = tcp_skb_next(skb, list);

                /* No new bits? It is possible on ofo queue. */
                if (!before(start, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq)) {
                        skb = tcp_collapse_one(sk, skb, list, root);
                        if (!skb)
                                break;
                        goto restart;
                }

                /* The first skb to collapse is:
                 * - not SYN/FIN and
                 * - bloated or contains data before "start" or
                 *   overlaps to the next one.
                 */
                if (!(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->tcp_flags & (TCPHDR_SYN | TCPHDR_FIN)) &&
                    (tcp_win_from_space(skb->truesize) > skb->len ||
                     before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, start))) {
                        end_of_skbs = false;
                        break;
                }

                if (n && n != tail &&
                    TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq != TCP_SKB_CB(n)->seq) {
                        end_of_skbs = false;
                        break;
                }

                /* Decided to skip this, advance start seq. */
                start = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;
        }
        if (end_of_skbs ||
            (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->tcp_flags & (TCPHDR_SYN | TCPHDR_FIN)))
                return;

        __skb_queue_head_init(&tmp);

        while (before(start, end)) {
                int copy = min_t(int, SKB_MAX_ORDER(0, 0), end - start);
                struct sk_buff *nskb;

                nskb = alloc_skb(copy, GFP_ATOMIC);
                if (!nskb)
                        break;

                memcpy(nskb->cb, skb->cb, sizeof(skb->cb));
                TCP_SKB_CB(nskb)->seq = TCP_SKB_CB(nskb)->end_seq = start;
                if (list)
                        __skb_queue_before(list, skb, nskb);
                else
                        __skb_queue_tail(&tmp, nskb); /* defer rbtree insertion */
                skb_set_owner_r(nskb, sk);

                /* Copy data, releasing collapsed skbs. */
                while (copy > 0) {
                        int offset = start - TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;
                        int size = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq - start;

                        BUG_ON(offset < 0);
                        if (size > 0) {
                                size = min(copy, size);
                                if (skb_copy_bits(skb, offset, skb_put(nskb, size), size))
                                        BUG();
                                TCP_SKB_CB(nskb)->end_seq += size;
                                copy -= size;
                                start += size;
                        }
                        if (!before(start, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq)) {
                                skb = tcp_collapse_one(sk, skb, list, root);
                                if (!skb ||
                                    skb == tail ||
                                    (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->tcp_flags & (TCPHDR_SYN | TCPHDR_FIN)))
                                        goto end;
                        }
                }
        }
end:
        skb_queue_walk_safe(&tmp, skb, n)
                tcp_rbtree_insert(root, skb);
}

/* Collapse ofo queue. Algorithm: select contiguous sequence of skbs
 * and tcp_collapse() them until all the queue is collapsed.
 */
static void tcp_collapse_ofo_queue(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct sk_buff *skb, *head;
        struct rb_node *p;
        u32 start, end;

        p = rb_first(&tp->out_of_order_queue);
        skb = rb_entry_safe(p, struct sk_buff, rbnode);
new_range:
        if (!skb) {
                p = rb_last(&tp->out_of_order_queue);
                /* Note: This is possible p is NULL here. We do not
                 * use rb_entry_safe(), as ooo_last_skb is valid only
                 * if rbtree is not empty.
                 */
                tp->ooo_last_skb = rb_entry(p, struct sk_buff, rbnode);
                return;
        }
        start = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;
        end = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;

        for (head = skb;;) {
                skb = tcp_skb_next(skb, NULL);

                /* Range is terminated when we see a gap or when
                 * we are at the queue end.
                 */
                if (!skb ||
                    after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, end) ||
                    before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, start)) {
                        tcp_collapse(sk, NULL, &tp->out_of_order_queue,
                                     head, skb, start, end);
                        goto new_range;
                }

                if (unlikely(before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, start)))
                        start = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;
                if (after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, end))
                        end = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;
        }
}

/*
 * Clean the out-of-order queue to make room.
 * We drop high sequences packets to :
 * 1) Let a chance for holes to be filled.
 * 2) not add too big latencies if thousands of packets sit there.
 *    (But if application shrinks SO_RCVBUF, we could still end up
 *     freeing whole queue here)
 *
 * Return true if queue has shrunk.
 */
static bool tcp_prune_ofo_queue(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct rb_node *node, *prev;

        if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&tp->out_of_order_queue))
                return false;

        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_OFOPRUNED);
        node = &tp->ooo_last_skb->rbnode;
        do {
                prev = rb_prev(node);
                rb_erase(node, &tp->out_of_order_queue);
                tcp_drop(sk, rb_entry(node, struct sk_buff, rbnode));
                sk_mem_reclaim(sk);
                if (atomic_read(&sk->sk_rmem_alloc) <= sk->sk_rcvbuf &&
                    !tcp_under_memory_pressure(sk))
                        break;
                node = prev;
        } while (node);
        tp->ooo_last_skb = rb_entry(prev, struct sk_buff, rbnode);

        /* Reset SACK state.  A conforming SACK implementation will
         * do the same at a timeout based retransmit.  When a connection
         * is in a sad state like this, we care only about integrity
         * of the connection not performance.
         */
        if (tp->rx_opt.sack_ok)
                tcp_sack_reset(&tp->rx_opt);
        return true;
}

/* Reduce allocated memory if we can, trying to get
 * the socket within its memory limits again.
 *
 * Return less than zero if we should start dropping frames
 * until the socket owning process reads some of the data
 * to stabilize the situation.
 */
static int tcp_prune_queue(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        SOCK_DEBUG(sk, "prune_queue: c=%x\n", tp->copied_seq);

        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_PRUNECALLED);

        if (atomic_read(&sk->sk_rmem_alloc) >= sk->sk_rcvbuf)
                tcp_clamp_window(sk);
        else if (tcp_under_memory_pressure(sk))
                tp->rcv_ssthresh = min(tp->rcv_ssthresh, 4U * tp->advmss);

        tcp_collapse_ofo_queue(sk);
        if (!skb_queue_empty(&sk->sk_receive_queue))
                tcp_collapse(sk, &sk->sk_receive_queue, NULL,
                             skb_peek(&sk->sk_receive_queue),
                             NULL,
                             tp->copied_seq, tp->rcv_nxt);
        sk_mem_reclaim(sk);

        if (atomic_read(&sk->sk_rmem_alloc) <= sk->sk_rcvbuf)
                return 0;

        /* Collapsing did not help, destructive actions follow.
         * This must not ever occur. */

        tcp_prune_ofo_queue(sk);

        if (atomic_read(&sk->sk_rmem_alloc) <= sk->sk_rcvbuf)
                return 0;

        /* If we are really being abused, tell the caller to silently
         * drop receive data on the floor.  It will get retransmitted
         * and hopefully then we'll have sufficient space.
         */
        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_RCVPRUNED);

        /* Massive buffer overcommit. */
        tp->pred_flags = 0;
        return -1;
}

static bool tcp_should_expand_sndbuf(const struct sock *sk)
{
        const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        /* If the user specified a specific send buffer setting, do
         * not modify it.
         */
        if (sk->sk_userlocks & SOCK_SNDBUF_LOCK)
                return false;

        /* If we are under global TCP memory pressure, do not expand.  */
        if (tcp_under_memory_pressure(sk))
                return false;

        /* If we are under soft global TCP memory pressure, do not expand.  */
        if (sk_memory_allocated(sk) >= sk_prot_mem_limits(sk, 0))
                return false;

        /* If we filled the congestion window, do not expand.  */
        if (tcp_packets_in_flight(tp) >= tp->snd_cwnd)
                return false;

        return true;
}

/* When incoming ACK allowed to free some skb from write_queue,
 * we remember this event in flag SOCK_QUEUE_SHRUNK and wake up socket
 * on the exit from tcp input handler.
 *
 * PROBLEM: sndbuf expansion does not work well with largesend.
 */
static void tcp_new_space(struct sock *sk)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (tcp_should_expand_sndbuf(sk)) {
                tcp_sndbuf_expand(sk);
                tp->snd_cwnd_stamp = tcp_time_stamp;
        }

        sk->sk_write_space(sk);
}

static void tcp_check_space(struct sock *sk)
{
        if (sock_flag(sk, SOCK_QUEUE_SHRUNK)) {
                sock_reset_flag(sk, SOCK_QUEUE_SHRUNK);
                /* pairs with tcp_poll() */
                smp_mb__after_atomic();
                if (sk->sk_socket &&
                    test_bit(SOCK_NOSPACE, &sk->sk_socket->flags))
                        tcp_new_space(sk);
        }
}

static inline void tcp_data_snd_check(struct sock *sk)
{
        tcp_push_pending_frames(sk);
        tcp_check_space(sk);
}

/*
 * Check if sending an ack is needed.
 */
static void __tcp_ack_snd_check(struct sock *sk, int ofo_possible)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

            /* More than one full frame received... */
        if (((tp->rcv_nxt - tp->rcv_wup) > inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ack.rcv_mss &&
             /* ... and right edge of window advances far enough.
              * (tcp_recvmsg() will send ACK otherwise). Or...
              */
             __tcp_select_window(sk) >= tp->rcv_wnd) ||
            /* We ACK each frame or... */
            tcp_in_quickack_mode(sk) ||
            /* We have out of order data. */
            (ofo_possible && !RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&tp->out_of_order_queue))) {
                /* Then ack it now */
                tcp_send_ack(sk);
        } else {
                /* Else, send delayed ack. */
                tcp_send_delayed_ack(sk);
        }
}

static inline void tcp_ack_snd_check(struct sock *sk)
{
        if (!inet_csk_ack_scheduled(sk)) {
                /* We sent a data segment already. */
                return;
        }
        __tcp_ack_snd_check(sk, 1);
}

/*
 *      This routine is only called when we have urgent data
 *      signaled. Its the 'slow' part of tcp_urg. It could be
 *      moved inline now as tcp_urg is only called from one
 *      place. We handle URGent data wrong. We have to - as
 *      BSD still doesn't use the correction from RFC961.
 *      For 1003.1g we should support a new option TCP_STDURG to permit
 *      either form (or just set the sysctl tcp_stdurg).
 */

static void tcp_check_urg(struct sock *sk, const struct tcphdr *th)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        u32 ptr = ntohs(th->urg_ptr);

        if (ptr && !sysctl_tcp_stdurg)
                ptr--;
        ptr += ntohl(th->seq);

        /* Ignore urgent data that we've already seen and read. */
        if (after(tp->copied_seq, ptr))
                return;

        /* Do not replay urg ptr.
         *
         * NOTE: interesting situation not covered by specs.
         * Misbehaving sender may send urg ptr, pointing to segment,
         * which we already have in ofo queue. We are not able to fetch
         * such data and will stay in TCP_URG_NOTYET until will be eaten
         * by recvmsg(). Seems, we are not obliged to handle such wicked
         * situations. But it is worth to think about possibility of some
         * DoSes using some hypothetical application level deadlock.
         */
        if (before(ptr, tp->rcv_nxt))
                return;

        /* Do we already have a newer (or duplicate) urgent pointer? */
        if (tp->urg_data && !after(ptr, tp->urg_seq))
                return;

        /* Tell the world about our new urgent pointer. */
        sk_send_sigurg(sk);

        /* We may be adding urgent data when the last byte read was
         * urgent. To do this requires some care. We cannot just ignore
         * tp->copied_seq since we would read the last urgent byte again
         * as data, nor can we alter copied_seq until this data arrives
         * or we break the semantics of SIOCATMARK (and thus sockatmark())
         *
         * NOTE. Double Dutch. Rendering to plain English: author of comment
         * above did something sort of  send("A", MSG_OOB); send("B", MSG_OOB);
         * and expect that both A and B disappear from stream. This is _wrong_.
         * Though this happens in BSD with high probability, this is occasional.
         * Any application relying on this is buggy. Note also, that fix "works"
         * only in this artificial test. Insert some normal data between A and B and we will
         * decline of BSD again. Verdict: it is better to remove to trap
         * buggy users.
         */
        if (tp->urg_seq == tp->copied_seq && tp->urg_data &&
            !sock_flag(sk, SOCK_URGINLINE) && tp->copied_seq != tp->rcv_nxt) {
                struct sk_buff *skb = skb_peek(&sk->sk_receive_queue);
                tp->copied_seq++;
                if (skb && !before(tp->copied_seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq)) {
                        __skb_unlink(skb, &sk->sk_receive_queue);
                        __kfree_skb(skb);
                }
        }

        tp->urg_data = TCP_URG_NOTYET;
        tp->urg_seq = ptr;

        /* Disable header prediction. */
        tp->pred_flags = 0;
}

/* This is the 'fast' part of urgent handling. */
static void tcp_urg(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, const struct tcphdr *th)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        /* Check if we get a new urgent pointer - normally not. */
        if (th->urg)
                tcp_check_urg(sk, th);

        /* Do we wait for any urgent data? - normally not... */
        if (tp->urg_data == TCP_URG_NOTYET) {
                u32 ptr = tp->urg_seq - ntohl(th->seq) + (th->doff * 4) -
                          th->syn;

                /* Is the urgent pointer pointing into this packet? */
                if (ptr < skb->len) {
                        u8 tmp;
                        if (skb_copy_bits(skb, ptr, &tmp, 1))
                                BUG();
                        tp->urg_data = TCP_URG_VALID | tmp;
                        if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD))
                                sk->sk_data_ready(sk);
                }
        }
}

static int tcp_copy_to_iovec(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, int hlen)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        int chunk = skb->len - hlen;
        int err;

        if (skb_csum_unnecessary(skb))
                err = skb_copy_datagram_msg(skb, hlen, tp->ucopy.msg, chunk);
        else
                err = skb_copy_and_csum_datagram_msg(skb, hlen, tp->ucopy.msg);

        if (!err) {
                tp->ucopy.len -= chunk;
                tp->copied_seq += chunk;
                tcp_rcv_space_adjust(sk);
        }

        return err;
}

/* Does PAWS and seqno based validation of an incoming segment, flags will
 * play significant role here.
 */
static bool tcp_validate_incoming(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
                                  const struct tcphdr *th, int syn_inerr)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        bool rst_seq_match = false;

        /* RFC1323: H1. Apply PAWS check first. */
        if (tcp_fast_parse_options(skb, th, tp) && tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp &&
            tcp_paws_discard(sk, skb)) {
                if (!th->rst) {
                        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_PAWSESTABREJECTED);
                        if (!tcp_oow_rate_limited(sock_net(sk), skb,
                                                  LINUX_MIB_TCPACKSKIPPEDPAWS,
                                                  &tp->last_oow_ack_time))
                                tcp_send_dupack(sk, skb);
                        goto discard;
                }
                /* Reset is accepted even if it did not pass PAWS. */
        }

        /* Step 1: check sequence number */
        if (!tcp_sequence(tp, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq)) {
                /* RFC793, page 37: "In all states except SYN-SENT, all reset
                 * (RST) segments are validated by checking their SEQ-fields."
                 * And page 69: "If an incoming segment is not acceptable,
                 * an acknowledgment should be sent in reply (unless the RST
                 * bit is set, if so drop the segment and return)".
                 */
                if (!th->rst) {
                        if (th->syn)
                                goto syn_challenge;
                        if (!tcp_oow_rate_limited(sock_net(sk), skb,
                                                  LINUX_MIB_TCPACKSKIPPEDSEQ,
                                                  &tp->last_oow_ack_time))
                                tcp_send_dupack(sk, skb);
                }
                goto discard;
        }

        /* Step 2: check RST bit */
        if (th->rst) {
                /* RFC 5961 3.2 (extend to match against SACK too if available):
                 * If seq num matches RCV.NXT or the right-most SACK block,
                 * then
                 *     RESET the connection
                 * else
                 *     Send a challenge ACK
                 */
                if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq == tp->rcv_nxt) {
                        rst_seq_match = true;
                } else if (tcp_is_sack(tp) && tp->rx_opt.num_sacks > 0) {
                        struct tcp_sack_block *sp = &tp->selective_acks[0];
                        int max_sack = sp[0].end_seq;
                        int this_sack;

                        for (this_sack = 1; this_sack < tp->rx_opt.num_sacks;
                             ++this_sack) {
                                max_sack = after(sp[this_sack].end_seq,
                                                 max_sack) ?
                                        sp[this_sack].end_seq : max_sack;
                        }

                        if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq == max_sack)
                                rst_seq_match = true;
                }

                if (rst_seq_match)
                        tcp_reset(sk);
                else
                        tcp_send_challenge_ack(sk, skb);
                goto discard;
        }

        /* step 3: check security and precedence [ignored] */

        /* step 4: Check for a SYN
         * RFC 5961 4.2 : Send a challenge ack
         */
        if (th->syn) {
syn_challenge:
                if (syn_inerr)
                        TCP_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), TCP_MIB_INERRS);
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPSYNCHALLENGE);
                tcp_send_challenge_ack(sk, skb);
                goto discard;
        }

        return true;

discard:
        tcp_drop(sk, skb);
        return false;
}

/*
 *      TCP receive function for the ESTABLISHED state.
 *
 *      It is split into a fast path and a slow path. The fast path is
 *      disabled when:
 *      - A zero window was announced from us - zero window probing
 *        is only handled properly in the slow path.
 *      - Out of order segments arrived.
 *      - Urgent data is expected.
 *      - There is no buffer space left
 *      - Unexpected TCP flags/window values/header lengths are received
 *        (detected by checking the TCP header against pred_flags)
 *      - Data is sent in both directions. Fast path only supports pure senders
 *        or pure receivers (this means either the sequence number or the ack
 *        value must stay constant)
 *      - Unexpected TCP option.
 *
 *      When these conditions are not satisfied it drops into a standard
 *      receive procedure patterned after RFC793 to handle all cases.
 *      The first three cases are guaranteed by proper pred_flags setting,
 *      the rest is checked inline. Fast processing is turned on in
 *      tcp_data_queue when everything is OK.
 */
void tcp_rcv_established(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
                         const struct tcphdr *th, unsigned int len)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

        if (unlikely(!sk->sk_rx_dst))
                inet_csk(sk)->icsk_af_ops->sk_rx_dst_set(sk, skb);
        /*
         *      Header prediction.
         *      The code loosely follows the one in the famous
         *      "30 instruction TCP receive" Van Jacobson mail.
         *
         *      Van's trick is to deposit buffers into socket queue
         *      on a device interrupt, to call tcp_recv function
         *      on the receive process context and checksum and copy
         *      the buffer to user space. smart...
         *
         *      Our current scheme is not silly either but we take the
         *      extra cost of the net_bh soft interrupt processing...
         *      We do checksum and copy also but from device to kernel.
         */

        tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp = 0;

        /*      pred_flags is 0xS?10 << 16 + snd_wnd
         *      if header_prediction is to be made
         *      'S' will always be tp->tcp_header_len >> 2
         *      '?' will be 0 for the fast path, otherwise pred_flags is 0 to
         *  turn it off (when there are holes in the receive
         *       space for instance)
         *      PSH flag is ignored.
         */

        if ((tcp_flag_word(th) & TCP_HP_BITS) == tp->pred_flags &&
            TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq == tp->rcv_nxt &&
            !after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ack_seq, tp->snd_nxt)) {
                int tcp_header_len = tp->tcp_header_len;

                /* Timestamp header prediction: tcp_header_len
                 * is automatically equal to th->doff*4 due to pred_flags
                 * match.
                 */

                /* Check timestamp */
                if (tcp_header_len == sizeof(struct tcphdr) + TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED) {
                        /* No? Slow path! */
                        if (!tcp_parse_aligned_timestamp(tp, th))
                                goto slow_path;

                        /* If PAWS failed, check it more carefully in slow path */
                        if ((s32)(tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsval - tp->rx_opt.ts_recent) < 0)
                                goto slow_path;

                        /* DO NOT update ts_recent here, if checksum fails
                         * and timestamp was corrupted part, it will result
                         * in a hung connection since we will drop all
                         * future packets due to the PAWS test.
                         */
                }

                if (len <= tcp_header_len) {
                        /* Bulk data transfer: sender */
                        if (len == tcp_header_len) {
                                /* Predicted packet is in window by definition.
                                 * seq == rcv_nxt and rcv_wup <= rcv_nxt.
                                 * Hence, check seq<=rcv_wup reduces to:
                                 */
                                if (tcp_header_len ==
                                    (sizeof(struct tcphdr) + TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED) &&
                                    tp->rcv_nxt == tp->rcv_wup)
                                        tcp_store_ts_recent(tp);

                                /* We know that such packets are checksummed
                                 * on entry.
                                 */
                                tcp_ack(sk, skb, 0);
                                __kfree_skb(skb);
                                tcp_data_snd_check(sk);
                                return;
                        } else { /* Header too small */
                                TCP_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), TCP_MIB_INERRS);
                                goto discard;
                        }
                } else {
                        int eaten = 0;
                        bool fragstolen = false;

                        if (tp->ucopy.task == current &&
                            tp->copied_seq == tp->rcv_nxt &&
                            len - tcp_header_len <= tp->ucopy.len &&
                            sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
                                __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);

                                if (!tcp_copy_to_iovec(sk, skb, tcp_header_len)) {
                                        /* Predicted packet is in window by definition.
                                         * seq == rcv_nxt and rcv_wup <= rcv_nxt.
                                         * Hence, check seq<=rcv_wup reduces to:
                                         */
                                        if (tcp_header_len ==
                                            (sizeof(struct tcphdr) +
                                             TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED) &&
                                            tp->rcv_nxt == tp->rcv_wup)
                                                tcp_store_ts_recent(tp);

                                        tcp_rcv_rtt_measure_ts(sk, skb);

                                        __skb_pull(skb, tcp_header_len);
                                        tcp_rcv_nxt_update(tp, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq);
                                        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk),
                                                        LINUX_MIB_TCPHPHITSTOUSER);
                                        eaten = 1;
                                }
                        }
                        if (!eaten) {
                                if (tcp_checksum_complete(skb))
                                        goto csum_error;

                                if ((int)skb->truesize > sk->sk_forward_alloc)
                                        goto step5;

                                /* Predicted packet is in window by definition.
                                 * seq == rcv_nxt and rcv_wup <= rcv_nxt.
                                 * Hence, check seq<=rcv_wup reduces to:
                                 */
                                if (tcp_header_len ==
                                    (sizeof(struct tcphdr) + TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED) &&
                                    tp->rcv_nxt == tp->rcv_wup)
                                        tcp_store_ts_recent(tp);

                                tcp_rcv_rtt_measure_ts(sk, skb);

                                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPHPHITS);

                                /* Bulk data transfer: receiver */
                                eaten = tcp_queue_rcv(sk, skb, tcp_header_len,
                                                      &fragstolen);
                        }

                        tcp_event_data_recv(sk, skb);

                        if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ack_seq != tp->snd_una) {
                                /* Well, only one small jumplet in fast path... */
                                tcp_ack(sk, skb, FLAG_DATA);
                                tcp_data_snd_check(sk);
                                if (!inet_csk_ack_scheduled(sk))
                                        goto no_ack;
                        }

                        __tcp_ack_snd_check(sk, 0);
no_ack:
                        if (eaten)
                                kfree_skb_partial(skb, fragstolen);
                        sk->sk_data_ready(sk);
                        return;
                }
        }

slow_path:
        if (len < (th->doff << 2) || tcp_checksum_complete(skb))
                goto csum_error;

        if (!th->ack && !th->rst && !th->syn)
                goto discard;

        /*
         *      Standard slow path.
         */

        if (!tcp_validate_incoming(sk, skb, th, 1))
                return;

step5:
        if (tcp_ack(sk, skb, FLAG_SLOWPATH | FLAG_UPDATE_TS_RECENT) < 0)
                goto discard;

        tcp_rcv_rtt_measure_ts(sk, skb);

        /* Process urgent data. */
        tcp_urg(sk, skb, th);

        /* step 7: process the segment text */
        tcp_data_queue(sk, skb);

        tcp_data_snd_check(sk);
        tcp_ack_snd_check(sk);
        return;

csum_error:
        TCP_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), TCP_MIB_CSUMERRORS);
        TCP_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), TCP_MIB_INERRS);

discard:
        tcp_drop(sk, skb);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_rcv_established);

void tcp_finish_connect(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);

        tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_ESTABLISHED);

        if (skb) {
                icsk->icsk_af_ops->sk_rx_dst_set(sk, skb);
                security_inet_conn_established(sk, skb);
        }

        /* Make sure socket is routed, for correct metrics.  */
        icsk->icsk_af_ops->rebuild_header(sk);

        tcp_init_metrics(sk);

        tcp_init_congestion_control(sk);

        /* Prevent spurious tcp_cwnd_restart() on first data
         * packet.
         */
        tp->lsndtime = tcp_time_stamp;

        tcp_init_buffer_space(sk);

        if (sock_flag(sk, SOCK_KEEPOPEN))
                inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer(sk, keepalive_time_when(tp));

        if (!tp->rx_opt.snd_wscale)
                __tcp_fast_path_on(tp, tp->snd_wnd);
        else
                tp->pred_flags = 0;

        if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
                sk->sk_state_change(sk);
                sk_wake_async(sk, SOCK_WAKE_IO, POLL_OUT);
        }
}

static bool tcp_rcv_fastopen_synack(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *synack,
                                    struct tcp_fastopen_cookie *cookie)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct sk_buff *data = tp->syn_data ? tcp_write_queue_head(sk) : NULL;
        u16 mss = tp->rx_opt.mss_clamp, try_exp = 0;
        bool syn_drop = false;

        if (mss == tp->rx_opt.user_mss) {
                struct tcp_options_received opt;

                /* Get original SYNACK MSS value if user MSS sets mss_clamp */
                tcp_clear_options(&opt);
                opt.user_mss = opt.mss_clamp = 0;
                tcp_parse_options(synack, &opt, 0, NULL);
                mss = opt.mss_clamp;
        }

        if (!tp->syn_fastopen) {
                /* Ignore an unsolicited cookie */
                cookie->len = -1;
        } else if (tp->total_retrans) {
                /* SYN timed out and the SYN-ACK neither has a cookie nor
                 * acknowledges data. Presumably the remote received only
                 * the retransmitted (regular) SYNs: either the original
                 * SYN-data or the corresponding SYN-ACK was dropped.
                 */
                syn_drop = (cookie->len < 0 && data);
        } else if (cookie->len < 0 && !tp->syn_data) {
                /* We requested a cookie but didn't get it. If we did not use
                 * the (old) exp opt format then try so next time (try_exp=1).
                 * Otherwise we go back to use the RFC7413 opt (try_exp=2).
                 */
                try_exp = tp->syn_fastopen_exp ? 2 : 1;
        }

        tcp_fastopen_cache_set(sk, mss, cookie, syn_drop, try_exp);

        if (data) { /* Retransmit unacked data in SYN */
                tcp_for_write_queue_from(data, sk) {
                        if (data == tcp_send_head(sk) ||
                            __tcp_retransmit_skb(sk, data, 1))
                                break;
                }
                tcp_rearm_rto(sk);
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk),
                                LINUX_MIB_TCPFASTOPENACTIVEFAIL);
                return true;
        }
        tp->syn_data_acked = tp->syn_data;
        if (tp->syn_data_acked)
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk),
                                LINUX_MIB_TCPFASTOPENACTIVE);

        tcp_fastopen_add_skb(sk, synack);

        return false;
}

static int tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
                                         const struct tcphdr *th)
{
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct tcp_fastopen_cookie foc = { .len = -1 };
        int saved_clamp = tp->rx_opt.mss_clamp;

        tcp_parse_options(skb, &tp->rx_opt, 0, &foc);
        if (tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp && tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr)
                tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr -= tp->tsoffset;

        if (th->ack) {
                /* rfc793:
                 * "If the state is SYN-SENT then
                 *    first check the ACK bit
                 *      If the ACK bit is set
                 *        If SEG.ACK =< ISS, or SEG.ACK > SND.NXT, send
                 *        a reset (unless the RST bit is set, if so drop
                 *        the segment and return)"
                 */
                if (!after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ack_seq, tp->snd_una) ||
                    after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ack_seq, tp->snd_nxt))
                        goto reset_and_undo;

                if (tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp && tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr &&
                    !between(tp->rx_opt.rcv_tsecr, tp->retrans_stamp,
                             tcp_time_stamp)) {
                        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk),
                                        LINUX_MIB_PAWSACTIVEREJECTED);
                        goto reset_and_undo;
                }

                /* Now ACK is acceptable.
                 *
                 * "If the RST bit is set
                 *    If the ACK was acceptable then signal the user "error:
                 *    connection reset", drop the segment, enter CLOSED state,
                 *    delete TCB, and return."
                 */

                if (th->rst) {
                        tcp_reset(sk);
                        goto discard;
                }

                /* rfc793:
                 *   "fifth, if neither of the SYN or RST bits is set then
                 *    drop the segment and return."
                 *
                 *    See note below!
                 *                                        --ANK(990513)
                 */
                if (!th->syn)
                        goto discard_and_undo;

                /* rfc793:
                 *   "If the SYN bit is on ...
                 *    are acceptable then ...
                 *    (our SYN has been ACKed), change the connection
                 *    state to ESTABLISHED..."
                 */

                tcp_ecn_rcv_synack(tp, th);

                tcp_init_wl(tp, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq);
                tcp_ack(sk, skb, FLAG_SLOWPATH);

                /* Ok.. it's good. Set up sequence numbers and
                 * move to established.
                 */
                tp->rcv_nxt = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq + 1;
                tp->rcv_wup = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq + 1;

                /* RFC1323: The window in SYN & SYN/ACK segments is
                 * never scaled.
                 */
                tp->snd_wnd = ntohs(th->window);

                if (!tp->rx_opt.wscale_ok) {
                        tp->rx_opt.snd_wscale = tp->rx_opt.rcv_wscale = 0;
                        tp->window_clamp = min(tp->window_clamp, 65535U);
                }

                if (tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp) {
                        tp->rx_opt.tstamp_ok       = 1;
                        tp->tcp_header_len =
                                sizeof(struct tcphdr) + TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED;
                        tp->advmss          -= TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED;
                        tcp_store_ts_recent(tp);
                } else {
                        tp->tcp_header_len = sizeof(struct tcphdr);
                }

                if (tcp_is_sack(tp) && sysctl_tcp_fack)
                        tcp_enable_fack(tp);

                tcp_mtup_init(sk);
                tcp_sync_mss(sk, icsk->icsk_pmtu_cookie);
                tcp_initialize_rcv_mss(sk);

                /* Remember, tcp_poll() does not lock socket!
                 * Change state from SYN-SENT only after copied_seq
                 * is initialized. */
                tp->copied_seq = tp->rcv_nxt;

                smp_mb();

                tcp_finish_connect(sk, skb);

                if ((tp->syn_fastopen || tp->syn_data) &&
                    tcp_rcv_fastopen_synack(sk, skb, &foc))
                        return -1;

                if (sk->sk_write_pending ||
                    icsk->icsk_accept_queue.rskq_defer_accept ||
                    icsk->icsk_ack.pingpong) {
                        /* Save one ACK. Data will be ready after
                         * several ticks, if write_pending is set.
                         *
                         * It may be deleted, but with this feature tcpdumps
                         * look so _wonderfully_ clever, that I was not able
                         * to stand against the temptation 8)     --ANK
                         */
                        inet_csk_schedule_ack(sk);
                        icsk->icsk_ack.lrcvtime = tcp_time_stamp;
                        tcp_enter_quickack_mode(sk);
                        inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_DACK,
                                                  TCP_DELACK_MAX, TCP_RTO_MAX);

discard:
                        tcp_drop(sk, skb);
                        return 0;
                } else {
                        tcp_send_ack(sk);
                }
                return -1;
        }

        /* No ACK in the segment */

        if (th->rst) {
                /* rfc793:
                 * "If the RST bit is set
                 *
                 *      Otherwise (no ACK) drop the segment and return."
                 */

                goto discard_and_undo;
        }

        /* PAWS check. */
        if (tp->rx_opt.ts_recent_stamp && tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp &&
            tcp_paws_reject(&tp->rx_opt, 0))
                goto discard_and_undo;

        if (th->syn) {
                /* We see SYN without ACK. It is attempt of
                 * simultaneous connect with crossed SYNs.
                 * Particularly, it can be connect to self.
                 */
                tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_SYN_RECV);

                if (tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp) {
                        tp->rx_opt.tstamp_ok = 1;
                        tcp_store_ts_recent(tp);
                        tp->tcp_header_len =
                                sizeof(struct tcphdr) + TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED;
                } else {
                        tp->tcp_header_len = sizeof(struct tcphdr);
                }

                tp->rcv_nxt = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq + 1;
                tp->copied_seq = tp->rcv_nxt;
                tp->rcv_wup = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq + 1;

                /* RFC1323: The window in SYN & SYN/ACK segments is
                 * never scaled.
                 */
                tp->snd_wnd    = ntohs(th->window);
                tp->snd_wl1    = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;
                tp->max_window = tp->snd_wnd;

                tcp_ecn_rcv_syn(tp, th);

                tcp_mtup_init(sk);
                tcp_sync_mss(sk, icsk->icsk_pmtu_cookie);
                tcp_initialize_rcv_mss(sk);

                tcp_send_synack(sk);
#if 0
                /* Note, we could accept data and URG from this segment.
                 * There are no obstacles to make this (except that we must
                 * either change tcp_recvmsg() to prevent it from returning data
                 * before 3WHS completes per RFC793, or employ TCP Fast Open).
                 *
                 * However, if we ignore data in ACKless segments sometimes,
                 * we have no reasons to accept it sometimes.
                 * Also, seems the code doing it in step6 of tcp_rcv_state_process
                 * is not flawless. So, discard packet for sanity.
                 * Uncomment this return to process the data.
                 */
                return -1;
#else
                goto discard;
#endif
        }
        /* "fifth, if neither of the SYN or RST bits is set then
         * drop the segment and return."
         */

discard_and_undo:
        tcp_clear_options(&tp->rx_opt);
        tp->rx_opt.mss_clamp = saved_clamp;
        goto discard;

reset_and_undo:
        tcp_clear_options(&tp->rx_opt);
        tp->rx_opt.mss_clamp = saved_clamp;
        return 1;
}

/*
 *      This function implements the receiving procedure of RFC 793 for
 *      all states except ESTABLISHED and TIME_WAIT.
 *      It's called from both tcp_v4_rcv and tcp_v6_rcv and should be
 *      address independent.
 */

int tcp_rcv_state_process(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        const struct tcphdr *th = tcp_hdr(skb);
        struct request_sock *req;
        int queued = 0;
        bool acceptable;

        switch (sk->sk_state) {
        case TCP_CLOSE:
                goto discard;

        case TCP_LISTEN:
                if (th->ack)
                        return 1;

                if (th->rst)
                        goto discard;

                if (th->syn) {
                        if (th->fin)
                                goto discard;
                        if (icsk->icsk_af_ops->conn_request(sk, skb) < 0)
                                return 1;

                        consume_skb(skb);
                        return 0;
                }
                goto discard;

        case TCP_SYN_SENT:
                tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp = 0;
                queued = tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process(sk, skb, th);
                if (queued >= 0)
                        return queued;

                /* Do step6 onward by hand. */
                tcp_urg(sk, skb, th);
                __kfree_skb(skb);
                tcp_data_snd_check(sk);
                return 0;
        }

        tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp = 0;
        req = tp->fastopen_rsk;
        if (req) {
                WARN_ON_ONCE(sk->sk_state != TCP_SYN_RECV &&
                    sk->sk_state != TCP_FIN_WAIT1);

                if (!tcp_check_req(sk, skb, req, true))
                        goto discard;
        }

        if (!th->ack && !th->rst && !th->syn)
                goto discard;

        if (!tcp_validate_incoming(sk, skb, th, 0))
                return 0;

        /* step 5: check the ACK field */
        acceptable = tcp_ack(sk, skb, FLAG_SLOWPATH |
                                      FLAG_UPDATE_TS_RECENT) > 0;

        switch (sk->sk_state) {
        case TCP_SYN_RECV:
                if (!acceptable)
                        return 1;

                if (!tp->srtt_us)
                        tcp_synack_rtt_meas(sk, req);

                /* Once we leave TCP_SYN_RECV, we no longer need req
                 * so release it.
                 */
                if (req) {
                        tp->total_retrans = req->num_retrans;
                        reqsk_fastopen_remove(sk, req, false);
                } else {
                        /* Make sure socket is routed, for correct metrics. */
                        icsk->icsk_af_ops->rebuild_header(sk);
                        tcp_init_congestion_control(sk);

                        tcp_mtup_init(sk);
                        tp->copied_seq = tp->rcv_nxt;
                        tcp_init_buffer_space(sk);
                }
                smp_mb();
                tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_ESTABLISHED);
                sk->sk_state_change(sk);

                /* Note, that this wakeup is only for marginal crossed SYN case.
                 * Passively open sockets are not waked up, because
                 * sk->sk_sleep == NULL and sk->sk_socket == NULL.
                 */
                if (sk->sk_socket)
                        sk_wake_async(sk, SOCK_WAKE_IO, POLL_OUT);

                tp->snd_una = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ack_seq;
                tp->snd_wnd = ntohs(th->window) << tp->rx_opt.snd_wscale;
                tcp_init_wl(tp, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq);

                if (tp->rx_opt.tstamp_ok)
                        tp->advmss -= TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED;

                if (req) {
                        /* Re-arm the timer because data may have been sent out.
                         * This is similar to the regular data transmission case
                         * when new data has just been ack'ed.
                         *
                         * (TFO) - we could try to be more aggressive and
                         * retransmitting any data sooner based on when they
                         * are sent out.
                         */
                        tcp_rearm_rto(sk);
                } else
                        tcp_init_metrics(sk);

                tcp_update_pacing_rate(sk);

                /* Prevent spurious tcp_cwnd_restart() on first data packet */
                tp->lsndtime = tcp_time_stamp;

                tcp_initialize_rcv_mss(sk);
                tcp_fast_path_on(tp);
                break;

        case TCP_FIN_WAIT1: {
                struct dst_entry *dst;
                int tmo;

                /* If we enter the TCP_FIN_WAIT1 state and we are a
                 * Fast Open socket and this is the first acceptable
                 * ACK we have received, this would have acknowledged
                 * our SYNACK so stop the SYNACK timer.
                 */
                if (req) {
                        /* Return RST if ack_seq is invalid.
                         * Note that RFC793 only says to generate a
                         * DUPACK for it but for TCP Fast Open it seems
                         * better to treat this case like TCP_SYN_RECV
                         * above.
                         */
                        if (!acceptable)
                                return 1;
                        /* We no longer need the request sock. */
                        reqsk_fastopen_remove(sk, req, false);
                        tcp_rearm_rto(sk);
                }
                if (tp->snd_una != tp->write_seq)
                        break;

                tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_FIN_WAIT2);
                sk->sk_shutdown |= SEND_SHUTDOWN;

                dst = __sk_dst_get(sk);
                if (dst)
                        dst_confirm(dst);

                if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
                        /* Wake up lingering close() */
                        sk->sk_state_change(sk);
                        break;
                }

                if (tp->linger2 < 0 ||
                    (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq != TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq &&
                     after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq - th->fin, tp->rcv_nxt))) {
                        tcp_done(sk);
                        NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONDATA);
                        return 1;
                }

                tmo = tcp_fin_time(sk);
                if (tmo > TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN) {
                        inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer(sk, tmo - TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN);
                } else if (th->fin || sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
                        /* Bad case. We could lose such FIN otherwise.
                         * It is not a big problem, but it looks confusing
                         * and not so rare event. We still can lose it now,
                         * if it spins in bh_lock_sock(), but it is really
                         * marginal case.
                         */
                        inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer(sk, tmo);
                } else {
                        tcp_time_wait(sk, TCP_FIN_WAIT2, tmo);
                        goto discard;
                }
                break;
        }

        case TCP_CLOSING:
                if (tp->snd_una == tp->write_seq) {
                        tcp_time_wait(sk, TCP_TIME_WAIT, 0);
                        goto discard;
                }
                break;

        case TCP_LAST_ACK:
                if (tp->snd_una == tp->write_seq) {
                        tcp_update_metrics(sk);
                        tcp_done(sk);
                        goto discard;
                }
                break;
        }

        /* step 6: check the URG bit */
        tcp_urg(sk, skb, th);

        /* step 7: process the segment text */
        switch (sk->sk_state) {
        case TCP_CLOSE_WAIT:
        case TCP_CLOSING:
        case TCP_LAST_ACK:
                if (!before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, tp->rcv_nxt))
                        break;
        case TCP_FIN_WAIT1:
        case TCP_FIN_WAIT2:
                /* RFC 793 says to queue data in these states,
                 * RFC 1122 says we MUST send a reset.
                 * BSD 4.4 also does reset.
                 */
                if (sk->sk_shutdown & RCV_SHUTDOWN) {
                        if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq != TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq &&
                            after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq - th->fin, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
                                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONDATA);
                                tcp_reset(sk);
                                return 1;
                        }
                }
                /* Fall through */
        case TCP_ESTABLISHED:
                tcp_data_queue(sk, skb);
                queued = 1;
                break;
        }

        /* tcp_data could move socket to TIME-WAIT */
        if (sk->sk_state != TCP_CLOSE) {
                tcp_data_snd_check(sk);
                tcp_ack_snd_check(sk);
        }

        if (!queued) {
discard:
                tcp_drop(sk, skb);
        }
        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_rcv_state_process);

static inline void pr_drop_req(struct request_sock *req, __u16 port, int family)
{
        struct inet_request_sock *ireq = inet_rsk(req);

        if (family == AF_INET)
                net_dbg_ratelimited("drop open request from %pI4/%u\n",
                                    &ireq->ir_rmt_addr, port);
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
        else if (family == AF_INET6)
                net_dbg_ratelimited("drop open request from %pI6/%u\n",
                                    &ireq->ir_v6_rmt_addr, port);
#endif
}

/* RFC3168 : 6.1.1 SYN packets must not have ECT/ECN bits set
 *
 * If we receive a SYN packet with these bits set, it means a
 * network is playing bad games with TOS bits. In order to
 * avoid possible false congestion notifications, we disable
 * TCP ECN negotiation.
 *
 * Exception: tcp_ca wants ECN. This is required for DCTCP
 * congestion control: Linux DCTCP asserts ECT on all packets,
 * including SYN, which is most optimal solution; however,
 * others, such as FreeBSD do not.
 */
static void tcp_ecn_create_request(struct request_sock *req,
                                   const struct sk_buff *skb,
                                   const struct sock *listen_sk,
                                   const struct dst_entry *dst)
{
        const struct tcphdr *th = tcp_hdr(skb);
        const struct net *net = sock_net(listen_sk);
        bool th_ecn = th->ece && th->cwr;
        bool ect, ecn_ok;
        u32 ecn_ok_dst;

        if (!th_ecn)
                return;

        ect = !INET_ECN_is_not_ect(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ip_dsfield);
        ecn_ok_dst = dst_feature(dst, DST_FEATURE_ECN_MASK);
        ecn_ok = net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_ecn || ecn_ok_dst;

        if ((!ect && ecn_ok) || tcp_ca_needs_ecn(listen_sk) ||
            (ecn_ok_dst & DST_FEATURE_ECN_CA))
                inet_rsk(req)->ecn_ok = 1;
}

static void tcp_openreq_init(struct request_sock *req,
                             const struct tcp_options_received *rx_opt,
                             struct sk_buff *skb, const struct sock *sk)
{
        struct inet_request_sock *ireq = inet_rsk(req);

        req->rsk_rcv_wnd = 0;           /* So that tcp_send_synack() knows! */
        req->cookie_ts = 0;
        tcp_rsk(req)->rcv_isn = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq;
        tcp_rsk(req)->rcv_nxt = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq + 1;
        skb_mstamp_get(&tcp_rsk(req)->snt_synack);
        tcp_rsk(req)->last_oow_ack_time = 0;
        req->mss = rx_opt->mss_clamp;
        req->ts_recent = rx_opt->saw_tstamp ? rx_opt->rcv_tsval : 0;
        ireq->tstamp_ok = rx_opt->tstamp_ok;
        ireq->sack_ok = rx_opt->sack_ok;
        ireq->snd_wscale = rx_opt->snd_wscale;
        ireq->wscale_ok = rx_opt->wscale_ok;
        ireq->acked = 0;
        ireq->ecn_ok = 0;
        ireq->ir_rmt_port = tcp_hdr(skb)->source;
        ireq->ir_num = ntohs(tcp_hdr(skb)->dest);
        ireq->ir_mark = inet_request_mark(sk, skb);
}

struct request_sock *inet_reqsk_alloc(const struct request_sock_ops *ops,
                                      struct sock *sk_listener,
                                      bool attach_listener)
{
        struct request_sock *req = reqsk_alloc(ops, sk_listener,
                                               attach_listener);

        if (req) {
                struct inet_request_sock *ireq = inet_rsk(req);

                kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield(ireq, flags);
                ireq->opt = NULL;
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
                ireq->pktopts = NULL;
#endif
                atomic64_set(&ireq->ir_cookie, 0);
                ireq->ireq_state = TCP_NEW_SYN_RECV;
                write_pnet(&ireq->ireq_net, sock_net(sk_listener));
                ireq->ireq_family = sk_listener->sk_family;
        }

        return req;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(inet_reqsk_alloc);

/*
 * Return true if a syncookie should be sent
 */
static bool tcp_syn_flood_action(const struct sock *sk,
                                 const struct sk_buff *skb,
                                 const char *proto)
{
        struct request_sock_queue *queue = &inet_csk(sk)->icsk_accept_queue;
        const char *msg = "Dropping request";
        bool want_cookie = false;
        struct net *net = sock_net(sk);

#ifdef CONFIG_SYN_COOKIES
        if (net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_syncookies) {
                msg = "Sending cookies";
                want_cookie = true;
                __NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPREQQFULLDOCOOKIES);
        } else
#endif
                __NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPREQQFULLDROP);

        if (!queue->synflood_warned &&
            net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_syncookies != 2 &&
            xchg(&queue->synflood_warned, 1) == 0)
                pr_info("%s: Possible SYN flooding on port %d. %s.  Check SNMP counters.\n",
                        proto, ntohs(tcp_hdr(skb)->dest), msg);

        return want_cookie;
}

static void tcp_reqsk_record_syn(const struct sock *sk,
                                 struct request_sock *req,
                                 const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        if (tcp_sk(sk)->save_syn) {
                u32 len = skb_network_header_len(skb) + tcp_hdrlen(skb);
                u32 *copy;

                copy = kmalloc(len + sizeof(u32), GFP_ATOMIC);
                if (copy) {
                        copy[0] = len;
                        memcpy(&copy[1], skb_network_header(skb), len);
                        req->saved_syn = copy;
                }
        }
}

int tcp_conn_request(struct request_sock_ops *rsk_ops,
                     const struct tcp_request_sock_ops *af_ops,
                     struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tcp_fastopen_cookie foc = { .len = -1 };
        __u32 isn = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->tcp_tw_isn;
        struct tcp_options_received tmp_opt;
        struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
        struct net *net = sock_net(sk);
        struct sock *fastopen_sk = NULL;
        struct dst_entry *dst = NULL;
        struct request_sock *req;
        bool want_cookie = false;
        struct flowi fl;

        /* TW buckets are converted to open requests without
         * limitations, they conserve resources and peer is
         * evidently real one.
         */
        if ((net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_syncookies == 2 ||
             inet_csk_reqsk_queue_is_full(sk)) && !isn) {
                want_cookie = tcp_syn_flood_action(sk, skb, rsk_ops->slab_name);
                if (!want_cookie)
                        goto drop;
        }


        /* Accept backlog is full. If we have already queued enough
         * of warm entries in syn queue, drop request. It is better than
         * clogging syn queue with openreqs with exponentially increasing
         * timeout.
         */
        if (sk_acceptq_is_full(sk) && inet_csk_reqsk_queue_young(sk) > 1) {
                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_LISTENOVERFLOWS);
                goto drop;
        }

        req = inet_reqsk_alloc(rsk_ops, sk, !want_cookie);
        if (!req)
                goto drop;

        tcp_rsk(req)->af_specific = af_ops;

        tcp_clear_options(&tmp_opt);
        tmp_opt.mss_clamp = af_ops->mss_clamp;
        tmp_opt.user_mss  = tp->rx_opt.user_mss;
        tcp_parse_options(skb, &tmp_opt, 0, want_cookie ? NULL : &foc);

        if (want_cookie && !tmp_opt.saw_tstamp)
                tcp_clear_options(&tmp_opt);

        tmp_opt.tstamp_ok = tmp_opt.saw_tstamp;
        tcp_openreq_init(req, &tmp_opt, skb, sk);

        /* Note: tcp_v6_init_req() might override ir_iif for link locals */
        inet_rsk(req)->ir_iif = inet_request_bound_dev_if(sk, skb);

        af_ops->init_req(req, sk, skb);

        if (security_inet_conn_request(sk, skb, req))
                goto drop_and_free;

        if (!want_cookie && !isn) {
                /* VJ's idea. We save last timestamp seen
                 * from the destination in peer table, when entering
                 * state TIME-WAIT, and check against it before
                 * accepting new connection request.
                 *
                 * If "isn" is not zero, this request hit alive
                 * timewait bucket, so that all the necessary checks
                 * are made in the function processing timewait state.
                 */
                if (tcp_death_row.sysctl_tw_recycle) {
                        bool strict;

                        dst = af_ops->route_req(sk, &fl, req, &strict);

                        if (dst && strict &&
                            !tcp_peer_is_proven(req, dst, true,
                                                tmp_opt.saw_tstamp)) {
                                NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_PAWSPASSIVEREJECTED);
                                goto drop_and_release;
                        }
                }
                /* Kill the following clause, if you dislike this way. */
                else if (!net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_syncookies &&
                         (sysctl_max_syn_backlog - inet_csk_reqsk_queue_len(sk) <
                          (sysctl_max_syn_backlog >> 2)) &&
                         !tcp_peer_is_proven(req, dst, false,
                                             tmp_opt.saw_tstamp)) {
                        /* Without syncookies last quarter of
                         * backlog is filled with destinations,
                         * proven to be alive.
                         * It means that we continue to communicate
                         * to destinations, already remembered
                         * to the moment of synflood.
                         */
                        pr_drop_req(req, ntohs(tcp_hdr(skb)->source),
                                    rsk_ops->family);
                        goto drop_and_release;
                }

                isn = af_ops->init_seq(skb);
        }
        if (!dst) {
                dst = af_ops->route_req(sk, &fl, req, NULL);
                if (!dst)
                        goto drop_and_free;
        }

        tcp_ecn_create_request(req, skb, sk, dst);

        if (want_cookie) {
                isn = cookie_init_sequence(af_ops, sk, skb, &req->mss);
                req->cookie_ts = tmp_opt.tstamp_ok;
                if (!tmp_opt.tstamp_ok)
                        inet_rsk(req)->ecn_ok = 0;
        }

        tcp_rsk(req)->snt_isn = isn;
        tcp_rsk(req)->txhash = net_tx_rndhash();
        tcp_openreq_init_rwin(req, sk, dst);
        if (!want_cookie) {
                tcp_reqsk_record_syn(sk, req, skb);
                fastopen_sk = tcp_try_fastopen(sk, skb, req, &foc, dst);
        }
        if (fastopen_sk) {
                af_ops->send_synack(fastopen_sk, dst, &fl, req,
                                    &foc, TCP_SYNACK_FASTOPEN);
                /* Add the child socket directly into the accept queue */
                inet_csk_reqsk_queue_add(sk, req, fastopen_sk);
                sk->sk_data_ready(sk);
                bh_unlock_sock(fastopen_sk);
                sock_put(fastopen_sk);
        } else {
                tcp_rsk(req)->tfo_listener = false;
                if (!want_cookie)
                        inet_csk_reqsk_queue_hash_add(sk, req, TCP_TIMEOUT_INIT);
                af_ops->send_synack(sk, dst, &fl, req, &foc,
                                    !want_cookie ? TCP_SYNACK_NORMAL :
                                                   TCP_SYNACK_COOKIE);
                if (want_cookie) {
                        reqsk_free(req);
                        return 0;
                }
        }
        reqsk_put(req);
        return 0;

drop_and_release:
        dst_release(dst);
drop_and_free:
        reqsk_free(req);
drop:
        tcp_listendrop(sk);
        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_conn_request);