static unsigned int __cpufreq_get(struct cpufreq_policy *policy);
static int cpufreq_start_governor(struct cpufreq_policy *policy);
+ static inline int cpufreq_exit_governor(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
+ {
+ return cpufreq_governor(policy, CPUFREQ_GOV_POLICY_EXIT);
+ }
+
/**
* Two notifier lists: the "policy" list is involved in the
* validation process for a new CPU frequency policy; the
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpufreq_freq_transition_end);
+ /*
+ * Fast frequency switching status count. Positive means "enabled", negative
+ * means "disabled" and 0 means "not decided yet".
+ */
+ static int cpufreq_fast_switch_count;
+ static DEFINE_MUTEX(cpufreq_fast_switch_lock);
+
+ static void cpufreq_list_transition_notifiers(void)
+ {
+ struct notifier_block *nb;
+
+ pr_info("Registered transition notifiers:\n");
+
+ mutex_lock(&cpufreq_transition_notifier_list.mutex);
+
+ for (nb = cpufreq_transition_notifier_list.head; nb; nb = nb->next)
+ pr_info("%pF\n", nb->notifier_call);
+
+ mutex_unlock(&cpufreq_transition_notifier_list.mutex);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * cpufreq_enable_fast_switch - Enable fast frequency switching for policy.
+ * @policy: cpufreq policy to enable fast frequency switching for.
+ *
+ * Try to enable fast frequency switching for @policy.
+ *
+ * The attempt will fail if there is at least one transition notifier registered
+ * at this point, as fast frequency switching is quite fundamentally at odds
+ * with transition notifiers. Thus if successful, it will make registration of
+ * transition notifiers fail going forward.
+ */
+ void cpufreq_enable_fast_switch(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
+ {
+ lockdep_assert_held(&policy->rwsem);
+
+ if (!policy->fast_switch_possible)
+ return;
+
+ mutex_lock(&cpufreq_fast_switch_lock);
+ if (cpufreq_fast_switch_count >= 0) {
+ cpufreq_fast_switch_count++;
+ policy->fast_switch_enabled = true;
+ } else {
+ pr_warn("CPU%u: Fast frequency switching not enabled\n",
+ policy->cpu);
+ cpufreq_list_transition_notifiers();
+ }
+ mutex_unlock(&cpufreq_fast_switch_lock);
+ }
+ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpufreq_enable_fast_switch);
+
+ /**
+ * cpufreq_disable_fast_switch - Disable fast frequency switching for policy.
+ * @policy: cpufreq policy to disable fast frequency switching for.
+ */
+ void cpufreq_disable_fast_switch(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
+ {
+ mutex_lock(&cpufreq_fast_switch_lock);
+ if (policy->fast_switch_enabled) {
+ policy->fast_switch_enabled = false;
+ if (!WARN_ON(cpufreq_fast_switch_count <= 0))
+ cpufreq_fast_switch_count--;
+ }
+ mutex_unlock(&cpufreq_fast_switch_lock);
+ }
+ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpufreq_disable_fast_switch);
/*********************************************************************
* SYSFS INTERFACE *
*/
static int cpufreq_add_dev(struct device *dev, struct subsys_interface *sif)
{
+ struct cpufreq_policy *policy;
unsigned cpu = dev->id;
- int ret;
dev_dbg(dev, "%s: adding CPU%u\n", __func__, cpu);
- if (cpu_online(cpu)) {
- ret = cpufreq_online(cpu);
- } else {
- /*
- * A hotplug notifier will follow and we will handle it as CPU
- * online then. For now, just create the sysfs link, unless
- * there is no policy or the link is already present.
- */
- struct cpufreq_policy *policy = per_cpu(cpufreq_cpu_data, cpu);
+ if (cpu_online(cpu))
+ return cpufreq_online(cpu);
- ret = policy && !cpumask_test_and_set_cpu(cpu, policy->real_cpus)
- ? add_cpu_dev_symlink(policy, cpu) : 0;
- }
+ /*
+ * A hotplug notifier will follow and we will handle it as CPU online
+ * then. For now, just create the sysfs link, unless there is no policy
+ * or the link is already present.
+ */
+ policy = per_cpu(cpufreq_cpu_data, cpu);
+ if (!policy || cpumask_test_and_set_cpu(cpu, policy->real_cpus))
+ return 0;
- return ret;
+ return add_cpu_dev_symlink(policy, cpu);
}
static void cpufreq_offline(unsigned int cpu)
/* If cpu is last user of policy, free policy */
if (has_target()) {
- ret = cpufreq_governor(policy, CPUFREQ_GOV_POLICY_EXIT);
+ ret = cpufreq_exit_governor(policy);
if (ret)
pr_err("%s: Failed to exit governor\n", __func__);
}
ret_freq = cpufreq_driver->get(policy->cpu);
- /* Updating inactive policies is invalid, so avoid doing that. */
- if (unlikely(policy_is_inactive(policy)))
+ /*
+ * Updating inactive policies is invalid, so avoid doing that. Also
+ * if fast frequency switching is used with the given policy, the check
+ * against policy->cur is pointless, so skip it in that case too.
+ */
+ if (unlikely(policy_is_inactive(policy)) || policy->fast_switch_enabled)
return ret_freq;
if (ret_freq && policy->cur &&
{
unsigned int new_freq;
+ if (cpufreq_suspended)
+ return 0;
+
new_freq = cpufreq_driver->get(policy->cpu);
if (!new_freq)
return 0;
switch (list) {
case CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER:
+ mutex_lock(&cpufreq_fast_switch_lock);
+
+ if (cpufreq_fast_switch_count > 0) {
+ mutex_unlock(&cpufreq_fast_switch_lock);
+ return -EBUSY;
+ }
ret = srcu_notifier_chain_register(
&cpufreq_transition_notifier_list, nb);
+ if (!ret)
+ cpufreq_fast_switch_count--;
+
+ mutex_unlock(&cpufreq_fast_switch_lock);
break;
case CPUFREQ_POLICY_NOTIFIER:
ret = blocking_notifier_chain_register(
switch (list) {
case CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER:
+ mutex_lock(&cpufreq_fast_switch_lock);
+
ret = srcu_notifier_chain_unregister(
&cpufreq_transition_notifier_list, nb);
+ if (!ret && !WARN_ON(cpufreq_fast_switch_count >= 0))
+ cpufreq_fast_switch_count++;
+
+ mutex_unlock(&cpufreq_fast_switch_lock);
break;
case CPUFREQ_POLICY_NOTIFIER:
ret = blocking_notifier_chain_unregister(
* GOVERNORS *
*********************************************************************/
+ /**
+ * cpufreq_driver_fast_switch - Carry out a fast CPU frequency switch.
+ * @policy: cpufreq policy to switch the frequency for.
+ * @target_freq: New frequency to set (may be approximate).
+ *
+ * Carry out a fast frequency switch without sleeping.
+ *
+ * The driver's ->fast_switch() callback invoked by this function must be
+ * suitable for being called from within RCU-sched read-side critical sections
+ * and it is expected to select the minimum available frequency greater than or
+ * equal to @target_freq (CPUFREQ_RELATION_L).
+ *
+ * This function must not be called if policy->fast_switch_enabled is unset.
+ *
+ * Governors calling this function must guarantee that it will never be invoked
+ * twice in parallel for the same policy and that it will never be called in
+ * parallel with either ->target() or ->target_index() for the same policy.
+ *
+ * If CPUFREQ_ENTRY_INVALID is returned by the driver's ->fast_switch()
+ * callback to indicate an error condition, the hardware configuration must be
+ * preserved.
+ */
+ unsigned int cpufreq_driver_fast_switch(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
+ unsigned int target_freq)
+ {
+ clamp_val(target_freq, policy->min, policy->max);
+
+ return cpufreq_driver->fast_switch(policy, target_freq);
+ }
+ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpufreq_driver_fast_switch);
+
/* Must set freqs->new to intermediate frequency */
static int __target_intermediate(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
struct cpufreq_freqs *freqs, int index)
return ret;
}
- ret = cpufreq_governor(policy, CPUFREQ_GOV_POLICY_EXIT);
+ ret = cpufreq_exit_governor(policy);
if (ret) {
pr_err("%s: Failed to Exit Governor: %s (%d)\n",
__func__, old_gov->name, ret);
pr_debug("cpufreq: governor change\n");
return 0;
}
- cpufreq_governor(policy, CPUFREQ_GOV_POLICY_EXIT);
+ cpufreq_exit_governor(policy);
}
/* new governor failed, so re-start old one */
switch (action & ~CPU_TASKS_FROZEN) {
case CPU_ONLINE:
+ case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
cpufreq_online(cpu);
break;
case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE:
cpufreq_offline(cpu);
break;
-
- case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
- cpufreq_online(cpu);
- break;
}
return NOTIFY_OK;
}
* This must be called with dbs_data->mutex held, otherwise traversing
* policy_dbs_list isn't safe.
*/
- ssize_t store_sampling_rate(struct dbs_data *dbs_data, const char *buf,
+ ssize_t store_sampling_rate(struct gov_attr_set *attr_set, const char *buf,
size_t count)
{
+ struct dbs_data *dbs_data = to_dbs_data(attr_set);
struct policy_dbs_info *policy_dbs;
unsigned int rate;
int ret;
* We are operating under dbs_data->mutex and so the list and its
* entries can't be freed concurrently.
*/
- list_for_each_entry(policy_dbs, &dbs_data->policy_dbs_list, list) {
+ list_for_each_entry(policy_dbs, &attr_set->policy_list, list) {
mutex_lock(&policy_dbs->timer_mutex);
/*
* On 32-bit architectures this may race with the
{
struct policy_dbs_info *policy_dbs;
- list_for_each_entry(policy_dbs, &dbs_data->policy_dbs_list, list) {
+ list_for_each_entry(policy_dbs, &dbs_data->attr_set.policy_list, list) {
unsigned int j;
for_each_cpu(j, policy_dbs->policy->cpus) {
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gov_update_cpu_data);
- static inline struct dbs_data *to_dbs_data(struct kobject *kobj)
- {
- return container_of(kobj, struct dbs_data, kobj);
- }
-
- static inline struct governor_attr *to_gov_attr(struct attribute *attr)
- {
- return container_of(attr, struct governor_attr, attr);
- }
-
- static ssize_t governor_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
- char *buf)
- {
- struct dbs_data *dbs_data = to_dbs_data(kobj);
- struct governor_attr *gattr = to_gov_attr(attr);
-
- return gattr->show(dbs_data, buf);
- }
-
- static ssize_t governor_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
- const char *buf, size_t count)
- {
- struct dbs_data *dbs_data = to_dbs_data(kobj);
- struct governor_attr *gattr = to_gov_attr(attr);
- int ret = -EBUSY;
-
- mutex_lock(&dbs_data->mutex);
-
- if (dbs_data->usage_count)
- ret = gattr->store(dbs_data, buf, count);
-
- mutex_unlock(&dbs_data->mutex);
-
- return ret;
- }
-
- /*
- * Sysfs Ops for accessing governor attributes.
- *
- * All show/store invocations for governor specific sysfs attributes, will first
- * call the below show/store callbacks and the attribute specific callback will
- * be called from within it.
- */
- static const struct sysfs_ops governor_sysfs_ops = {
- .show = governor_show,
- .store = governor_store,
- };
-
unsigned int dbs_update(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
{
struct policy_dbs_info *policy_dbs = policy->governor_data;
wall_time = cur_wall_time - j_cdbs->prev_cpu_wall;
j_cdbs->prev_cpu_wall = cur_wall_time;
- if (cur_idle_time <= j_cdbs->prev_cpu_idle) {
- idle_time = 0;
- } else {
- idle_time = cur_idle_time - j_cdbs->prev_cpu_idle;
- j_cdbs->prev_cpu_idle = cur_idle_time;
- }
+ idle_time = cur_idle_time - j_cdbs->prev_cpu_idle;
+ j_cdbs->prev_cpu_idle = cur_idle_time;
if (ignore_nice) {
u64 cur_nice = kcpustat_cpu(j).cpustat[CPUTIME_NICE];
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dbs_update);
- static void gov_set_update_util(struct policy_dbs_info *policy_dbs,
- unsigned int delay_us)
- {
- struct cpufreq_policy *policy = policy_dbs->policy;
- int cpu;
-
- gov_update_sample_delay(policy_dbs, delay_us);
- policy_dbs->last_sample_time = 0;
-
- for_each_cpu(cpu, policy->cpus) {
- struct cpu_dbs_info *cdbs = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs, cpu);
-
- cpufreq_set_update_util_data(cpu, &cdbs->update_util);
- }
- }
-
- static inline void gov_clear_update_util(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
- {
- int i;
-
- for_each_cpu(i, policy->cpus)
- cpufreq_set_update_util_data(i, NULL);
-
- synchronize_sched();
- }
-
- static void gov_cancel_work(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
- {
- struct policy_dbs_info *policy_dbs = policy->governor_data;
-
- gov_clear_update_util(policy_dbs->policy);
- irq_work_sync(&policy_dbs->irq_work);
- cancel_work_sync(&policy_dbs->work);
- atomic_set(&policy_dbs->work_count, 0);
- policy_dbs->work_in_progress = false;
- }
-
static void dbs_work_handler(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct policy_dbs_info *policy_dbs;
irq_work_queue(&policy_dbs->irq_work);
}
+ static void gov_set_update_util(struct policy_dbs_info *policy_dbs,
+ unsigned int delay_us)
+ {
+ struct cpufreq_policy *policy = policy_dbs->policy;
+ int cpu;
+
+ gov_update_sample_delay(policy_dbs, delay_us);
+ policy_dbs->last_sample_time = 0;
+
+ for_each_cpu(cpu, policy->cpus) {
+ struct cpu_dbs_info *cdbs = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs, cpu);
+
+ cpufreq_add_update_util_hook(cpu, &cdbs->update_util,
+ dbs_update_util_handler);
+ }
+ }
+
+ static inline void gov_clear_update_util(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
+ {
+ int i;
+
+ for_each_cpu(i, policy->cpus)
+ cpufreq_remove_update_util_hook(i);
+
+ synchronize_sched();
+ }
+
+ static void gov_cancel_work(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
+ {
+ struct policy_dbs_info *policy_dbs = policy->governor_data;
+
+ gov_clear_update_util(policy_dbs->policy);
+ irq_work_sync(&policy_dbs->irq_work);
+ cancel_work_sync(&policy_dbs->work);
+ atomic_set(&policy_dbs->work_count, 0);
+ policy_dbs->work_in_progress = false;
+ }
+
static struct policy_dbs_info *alloc_policy_dbs_info(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
struct dbs_governor *gov)
{
struct cpu_dbs_info *j_cdbs = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs, j);
j_cdbs->policy_dbs = policy_dbs;
- j_cdbs->update_util.func = dbs_update_util_handler;
}
return policy_dbs;
}
policy_dbs->dbs_data = dbs_data;
policy->governor_data = policy_dbs;
- mutex_lock(&dbs_data->mutex);
- dbs_data->usage_count++;
- list_add(&policy_dbs->list, &dbs_data->policy_dbs_list);
- mutex_unlock(&dbs_data->mutex);
+ gov_attr_set_get(&dbs_data->attr_set, &policy_dbs->list);
goto out;
}
goto free_policy_dbs_info;
}
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dbs_data->policy_dbs_list);
- mutex_init(&dbs_data->mutex);
+ gov_attr_set_init(&dbs_data->attr_set, &policy_dbs->list);
ret = gov->init(dbs_data, !policy->governor->initialized);
if (ret)
if (!have_governor_per_policy())
gov->gdbs_data = dbs_data;
- policy->governor_data = policy_dbs;
-
policy_dbs->dbs_data = dbs_data;
- dbs_data->usage_count = 1;
- list_add(&policy_dbs->list, &dbs_data->policy_dbs_list);
+ policy->governor_data = policy_dbs;
gov->kobj_type.sysfs_ops = &governor_sysfs_ops;
- ret = kobject_init_and_add(&dbs_data->kobj, &gov->kobj_type,
+ ret = kobject_init_and_add(&dbs_data->attr_set.kobj, &gov->kobj_type,
get_governor_parent_kobj(policy),
"%s", gov->gov.name);
if (!ret)
struct dbs_governor *gov = dbs_governor_of(policy);
struct policy_dbs_info *policy_dbs = policy->governor_data;
struct dbs_data *dbs_data = policy_dbs->dbs_data;
- int count;
+ unsigned int count;
/* Protect gov->gdbs_data against concurrent updates. */
mutex_lock(&gov_dbs_data_mutex);
- mutex_lock(&dbs_data->mutex);
- list_del(&policy_dbs->list);
- count = --dbs_data->usage_count;
- mutex_unlock(&dbs_data->mutex);
-
- if (!count) {
- kobject_put(&dbs_data->kobj);
+ count = gov_attr_set_put(&dbs_data->attr_set, &policy_dbs->list);
- policy->governor_data = NULL;
+ policy->governor_data = NULL;
+ if (!count) {
if (!have_governor_per_policy())
gov->gdbs_data = NULL;
gov->exit(dbs_data, policy->governor->initialized == 1);
- mutex_destroy(&dbs_data->mutex);
kfree(dbs_data);
- } else {
- policy->governor_data = NULL;
}
free_policy_dbs_info(policy_dbs, gov);
* of the License.
*/
+ #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
+
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
static inline void pid_p_gain_set(struct _pid *pid, int percent)
{
- pid->p_gain = div_fp(int_tofp(percent), int_tofp(100));
+ pid->p_gain = div_fp(percent, 100);
}
static inline void pid_i_gain_set(struct _pid *pid, int percent)
{
- pid->i_gain = div_fp(int_tofp(percent), int_tofp(100));
+ pid->i_gain = div_fp(percent, 100);
}
static inline void pid_d_gain_set(struct _pid *pid, int percent)
{
- pid->d_gain = div_fp(int_tofp(percent), int_tofp(100));
+ pid->d_gain = div_fp(percent, 100);
}
static signed int pid_calc(struct _pid *pid, int32_t busy)
total = cpu->pstate.turbo_pstate - cpu->pstate.min_pstate + 1;
no_turbo = cpu->pstate.max_pstate - cpu->pstate.min_pstate + 1;
- turbo_fp = div_fp(int_tofp(no_turbo), int_tofp(total));
+ turbo_fp = div_fp(no_turbo, total);
turbo_pct = 100 - fp_toint(mul_fp(turbo_fp, int_tofp(100)));
return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", turbo_pct);
}
update_turbo_state();
if (limits->turbo_disabled) {
- pr_warn("intel_pstate: Turbo disabled by BIOS or unavailable on processor\n");
+ pr_warn("Turbo disabled by BIOS or unavailable on processor\n");
return -EPERM;
}
limits->max_perf_pct);
limits->max_perf_pct = max(limits->min_perf_pct,
limits->max_perf_pct);
- limits->max_perf = div_fp(int_tofp(limits->max_perf_pct),
- int_tofp(100));
+ limits->max_perf = div_fp(limits->max_perf_pct, 100);
if (hwp_active)
intel_pstate_hwp_set_online_cpus();
limits->min_perf_pct);
limits->min_perf_pct = min(limits->max_perf_pct,
limits->min_perf_pct);
- limits->min_perf = div_fp(int_tofp(limits->min_perf_pct),
- int_tofp(100));
+ limits->min_perf = div_fp(limits->min_perf_pct, 100);
if (hwp_active)
intel_pstate_hwp_set_online_cpus();
struct sample *sample = &cpu->sample;
int64_t core_pct;
- core_pct = int_tofp(sample->aperf) * int_tofp(100);
- core_pct = div64_u64(core_pct, int_tofp(sample->mperf));
+ core_pct = sample->aperf * int_tofp(100);
+ core_pct = div64_u64(core_pct, sample->mperf);
sample->core_pct_busy = (int32_t)core_pct;
}
* specified pstate.
*/
core_busy = cpu->sample.core_pct_busy;
- max_pstate = int_tofp(cpu->pstate.max_pstate_physical);
- current_pstate = int_tofp(cpu->pstate.current_pstate);
+ max_pstate = cpu->pstate.max_pstate_physical;
+ current_pstate = cpu->pstate.current_pstate;
core_busy = mul_fp(core_busy, div_fp(max_pstate, current_pstate));
/*
*/
duration_ns = cpu->sample.time - cpu->last_sample_time;
if ((s64)duration_ns > pid_params.sample_rate_ns * 3) {
- sample_ratio = div_fp(int_tofp(pid_params.sample_rate_ns),
- int_tofp(duration_ns));
+ sample_ratio = div_fp(pid_params.sample_rate_ns, duration_ns);
core_busy = mul_fp(core_busy, sample_ratio);
+ } else {
+ sample_ratio = div_fp(100 * cpu->sample.mperf, cpu->sample.tsc);
+ if (sample_ratio < int_tofp(1))
+ core_busy = 0;
}
cpu->sample.busy_scaled = core_busy;
intel_pstate_busy_pid_reset(cpu);
- cpu->update_util.func = intel_pstate_update_util;
-
- pr_debug("intel_pstate: controlling: cpu %d\n", cpunum);
+ pr_debug("controlling: cpu %d\n", cpunum);
return 0;
}
/* Prevent intel_pstate_update_util() from using stale data. */
cpu->sample.time = 0;
- cpufreq_set_update_util_data(cpu_num, &cpu->update_util);
+ cpufreq_add_update_util_hook(cpu_num, &cpu->update_util,
+ intel_pstate_update_util);
}
static void intel_pstate_clear_update_util_hook(unsigned int cpu)
{
- cpufreq_set_update_util_data(cpu, NULL);
+ cpufreq_remove_update_util_hook(cpu);
synchronize_sched();
}
if (policy->policy == CPUFREQ_POLICY_PERFORMANCE) {
limits = &performance_limits;
if (policy->max >= policy->cpuinfo.max_freq) {
- pr_debug("intel_pstate: set performance\n");
+ pr_debug("set performance\n");
intel_pstate_set_performance_limits(limits);
goto out;
}
} else {
- pr_debug("intel_pstate: set powersave\n");
+ pr_debug("set powersave\n");
limits = &powersave_limits;
}
/* Make sure min_perf_pct <= max_perf_pct */
limits->min_perf_pct = min(limits->max_perf_pct, limits->min_perf_pct);
- limits->min_perf = div_fp(int_tofp(limits->min_perf_pct),
- int_tofp(100));
- limits->max_perf = div_fp(int_tofp(limits->max_perf_pct),
- int_tofp(100));
+ limits->min_perf = div_fp(limits->min_perf_pct, 100);
+ limits->max_perf = div_fp(limits->max_perf_pct, 100);
out:
intel_pstate_set_update_util_hook(policy->cpu);
int cpu_num = policy->cpu;
struct cpudata *cpu = all_cpu_data[cpu_num];
- pr_debug("intel_pstate: CPU %d exiting\n", cpu_num);
+ pr_debug("CPU %d exiting\n", cpu_num);
intel_pstate_clear_update_util_hook(cpu_num);
if (intel_pstate_platform_pwr_mgmt_exists())
return -ENODEV;
- pr_info("Intel P-state driver initializing.\n");
+ pr_info("Intel P-state driver initializing\n");
all_cpu_data = vzalloc(sizeof(void *) * num_possible_cpus());
if (!all_cpu_data)
intel_pstate_sysfs_expose_params();
if (hwp_active)
- pr_info("intel_pstate: HWP enabled\n");
+ pr_info("HWP enabled\n");
return rc;
out:
if (!strcmp(str, "disable"))
no_load = 1;
if (!strcmp(str, "no_hwp")) {
- pr_info("intel_pstate: HWP disabled\n");
+ pr_info("HWP disabled\n");
no_hwp = 1;
}
if (!strcmp(str, "force"))