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903a5b8a | 1 | /* |
03e1579f | 2 | * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT |
903a5b8a | 3 | * |
fc07e526 SM |
4 | * Copyright (c) 2019-2021 Philippe Proulx <pproulx@efficios.com> |
5 | * Copyright (c) 2020-2021 Simon Marchi <simon.marchi@efficios.com> | |
903a5b8a SM |
6 | */ |
7 | ||
fe5a18f8 PP |
8 | #ifndef ARGPAR_ARGPAR_H |
9 | #define ARGPAR_ARGPAR_H | |
03e1579f | 10 | |
903a5b8a SM |
11 | #include <stdbool.h> |
12 | ||
fc07e526 SM |
13 | /* |
14 | * argpar is a library which provides facilities for command-line | |
15 | * argument parsing. | |
16 | * | |
17 | * Two APIs are available: | |
18 | * | |
19 | * Iterator API: | |
20 | * Create a parsing iterator with argpar_iter_create(), then | |
2af370d0 PP |
21 | * repeatedly call argpar_iter_next() to access the parsing results, |
22 | * until one of: | |
fc07e526 SM |
23 | * |
24 | * * There are no more arguments. | |
25 | * | |
26 | * * The argument parser encounters an error (for example, an | |
27 | * unknown option). | |
28 | * | |
29 | * * You need to stop. | |
30 | * | |
31 | * This API provides more parsing control than the next one. | |
32 | * | |
33 | * Single call API: | |
34 | * Call argpar_parse(), which parses the arguments until one of: | |
35 | * | |
36 | * * There are no more arguments. | |
37 | * | |
38 | * * It encounters an argument parsing error. | |
39 | * | |
40 | * argpar_parse() returns a single array of parsing results. | |
41 | * | |
42 | * Both methods parse the arguments `argv` of which the count is `argc` | |
43 | * using the sentinel-terminated (use `ARGPAR_OPT_DESCR_SENTINEL`) | |
44 | * option descriptor array `descrs`. | |
45 | * | |
46 | * argpar considers ALL the elements of `argv`, including the first one, | |
47 | * so that you would typically pass `argc - 1` and `&argv[1]` from what | |
48 | * main() receives. | |
49 | * | |
50 | * The argpar parsers support: | |
51 | * | |
52 | * * Short options without an argument, possibly tied together: | |
53 | * | |
54 | * -f -auf -n | |
55 | * | |
56 | * * Short options with argument: | |
57 | * | |
58 | * -b 45 -f/mein/file -xyzhello | |
59 | * | |
60 | * * Long options without an argument: | |
61 | * | |
62 | * --five-guys --burger-king --pizza-hut --subway | |
63 | * | |
64 | * * Long options with arguments: | |
65 | * | |
66 | * --security enable --time=18.56 | |
67 | * | |
68 | * * Non-option arguments (anything else). | |
69 | * | |
70 | * The argpar parsers don't accept `-` or `--` as arguments. The latter | |
71 | * means "end of options" for many command-line tools, but this library | |
72 | * is all about keeping the order of the arguments, so it doesn't mean | |
73 | * much to put them at the end. This has the side effect that a | |
74 | * non-option argument cannot have the form of an option, for example if | |
75 | * you need to pass the exact relative path `--component`. In that case, | |
76 | * you would need to pass `./--component`. There's no generic way to | |
77 | * escape `-` as of this version. | |
78 | * | |
79 | * Both argpar_iter_create() and argpar_parse() accept duplicate options | |
80 | * (they produce one item for each instance). | |
81 | * | |
d4539a90 PP |
82 | * A returned parsing item has the type `const struct argpar_item *`. |
83 | * Get the type (option or non-option) of an item with | |
84 | * argpar_item_type(). Each item type has its set of dedicated methods | |
85 | * (`argpar_item_opt_` and `argpar_item_non_opt_` prefixes). | |
fc07e526 SM |
86 | * |
87 | * Both argpar_iter_create() and argpar_parse() produce the items in | |
88 | * the same order that the arguments were parsed, including non-option | |
89 | * arguments. This means, for example, that for: | |
90 | * | |
91 | * --hello --count=23 /path/to/file -ab --type file magie | |
92 | * | |
93 | * The produced items are, in this order: | |
94 | * | |
95 | * 1. Option item (`--hello`). | |
96 | * 2. Option item (`--count` with argument `23`). | |
97 | * 3. Non-option item (`/path/to/file`). | |
98 | * 4. Option item (`-a`). | |
99 | * 5. Option item (`-b`). | |
100 | * 6. Option item (`--type` with argument `file`). | |
101 | * 7. Non-option item (`magie`). | |
102 | */ | |
103 | ||
903a5b8a | 104 | /* Sentinel for an option descriptor array */ |
1c9a6bde | 105 | #define ARGPAR_OPT_DESCR_SENTINEL { -1, '\0', NULL, false } |
903a5b8a | 106 | |
7ac57709 | 107 | /* |
fb12ac67 PP |
108 | * If argpar is used in some shared library, we don't want said library |
109 | * to export its symbols, so mark them as "hidden". | |
7ac57709 | 110 | * |
fc07e526 SM |
111 | * On Windows, symbols are local unless explicitly exported; see |
112 | * <https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility>. | |
7ac57709 SM |
113 | */ |
114 | #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__) | |
fb12ac67 | 115 | # define ARGPAR_HIDDEN |
7ac57709 | 116 | #else |
fb12ac67 | 117 | # define ARGPAR_HIDDEN __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) |
7ac57709 SM |
118 | #endif |
119 | ||
fc07e526 SM |
120 | /* Forward-declaration for the opaque type */ |
121 | struct argpar_iter; | |
122 | ||
903a5b8a | 123 | /* Option descriptor */ |
1c9a6bde | 124 | struct argpar_opt_descr { |
903a5b8a SM |
125 | /* Numeric ID for this option */ |
126 | const int id; | |
127 | ||
128 | /* Short option character, or `\0` */ | |
129 | const char short_name; | |
130 | ||
131 | /* Long option name (without `--`), or `NULL` */ | |
132 | const char * const long_name; | |
133 | ||
134 | /* True if this option has an argument */ | |
135 | const bool with_arg; | |
136 | }; | |
137 | ||
138 | /* Item type */ | |
1c9a6bde | 139 | enum argpar_item_type { |
903a5b8a | 140 | /* Option */ |
1c9a6bde | 141 | ARGPAR_ITEM_TYPE_OPT, |
903a5b8a SM |
142 | |
143 | /* Non-option */ | |
1c9a6bde | 144 | ARGPAR_ITEM_TYPE_NON_OPT, |
903a5b8a SM |
145 | }; |
146 | ||
2af370d0 | 147 | /* Parsing item, as created by argpar_parse() and argpar_iter_next() */ |
d4539a90 | 148 | struct argpar_item; |
903a5b8a | 149 | |
d4539a90 PP |
150 | /* |
151 | * Returns the type of the parsing item `item`. | |
152 | */ | |
153 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN | |
154 | enum argpar_item_type argpar_item_type(const struct argpar_item *item); | |
903a5b8a | 155 | |
d4539a90 PP |
156 | /* |
157 | * Returns the option descriptor of the option parsing item `item`. | |
158 | */ | |
159 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN | |
160 | const struct argpar_opt_descr *argpar_item_opt_descr( | |
161 | const struct argpar_item *item); | |
903a5b8a | 162 | |
d4539a90 PP |
163 | /* |
164 | * Returns the argument of the option parsing item `item`, or `NULL` if | |
165 | * none. | |
166 | */ | |
167 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN | |
168 | const char *argpar_item_opt_arg(const struct argpar_item *item); | |
903a5b8a | 169 | |
d4539a90 PP |
170 | /* |
171 | * Returns the complete argument, pointing to one of the entries of the | |
172 | * original arguments (`argv`), of the non-option parsing item `item`. | |
173 | */ | |
174 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN | |
175 | const char *argpar_item_non_opt_arg(const struct argpar_item *item); | |
903a5b8a | 176 | |
d4539a90 PP |
177 | /* |
178 | * Returns the original index, within ALL the original arguments | |
179 | * (`argv`), of the non-option parsing item `item`. | |
180 | */ | |
181 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN | |
182 | unsigned int argpar_item_non_opt_orig_index(const struct argpar_item *item); | |
903a5b8a | 183 | |
d4539a90 PP |
184 | /* |
185 | * Returns the index, within the non-option arguments, of the non-option | |
186 | * parsing item `item`. | |
187 | */ | |
188 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN | |
189 | unsigned int argpar_item_non_opt_non_opt_index(const struct argpar_item *item); | |
903a5b8a | 190 | |
a473f6cb PP |
191 | /* |
192 | * Destroys `item`, as created by argpar_iter_next(). | |
193 | */ | |
194 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN | |
195 | void argpar_item_destroy(const struct argpar_item *item); | |
196 | ||
1c9a6bde | 197 | struct argpar_item_array { |
fb12ac67 | 198 | const struct argpar_item **items; |
7ac57709 | 199 | |
fb12ac67 | 200 | /* Number of used slots in `items` */ |
7ac57709 SM |
201 | unsigned int n_items; |
202 | ||
fb12ac67 | 203 | /* Number of allocated slots in `items` */ |
7ac57709 SM |
204 | unsigned int n_alloc; |
205 | }; | |
206 | ||
1c9a6bde SM |
207 | /* What is returned by argpar_parse() */ |
208 | struct argpar_parse_ret { | |
fc07e526 | 209 | /* |
fb12ac67 | 210 | * Array of parsing items, or `NULL` on error. |
fc07e526 SM |
211 | * |
212 | * Do NOT destroy those items manually with | |
213 | * argpar_iter_destroy(): call argpar_parse_ret_fini() to | |
214 | * finalize the whole structure. | |
215 | */ | |
1c9a6bde | 216 | struct argpar_item_array *items; |
903a5b8a SM |
217 | |
218 | /* Error string, or `NULL` if none */ | |
7ac57709 | 219 | char *error; |
903a5b8a SM |
220 | |
221 | /* Number of original arguments (`argv`) ingested */ | |
222 | unsigned int ingested_orig_args; | |
223 | }; | |
224 | ||
225 | /* | |
fc07e526 SM |
226 | * Parses arguments in `argv` until the end is reached or an error is |
227 | * encountered. | |
903a5b8a | 228 | * |
fc07e526 SM |
229 | * On success, this function returns an array of items (field `items` of |
230 | * `struct argpar_parse_ret`). | |
903a5b8a SM |
231 | * |
232 | * In the returned structure, `ingested_orig_args` is the number of | |
233 | * ingested arguments within `argv` to produce the resulting array of | |
fc07e526 SM |
234 | * items. |
235 | * | |
236 | * If `fail_on_unknown_opt` is true, then on success | |
903a5b8a SM |
237 | * `ingested_orig_args` is equal to `argc`. Otherwise, |
238 | * `ingested_orig_args` contains the number of original arguments until | |
239 | * an unknown _option_ occurs. For example, with | |
240 | * | |
241 | * --great --white contact nuance --shark nuclear | |
242 | * | |
243 | * if `--shark` is not described within `descrs` and | |
244 | * `fail_on_unknown_opt` is false, then `ingested_orig_args` is 4 (two | |
245 | * options, two non-options), whereas `argc` is 6. | |
246 | * | |
247 | * This makes it possible to know where a command name is, for example. | |
248 | * With those arguments: | |
249 | * | |
250 | * --verbose --stuff=23 do-something --specific-opt -f -b | |
251 | * | |
252 | * and the descriptors for `--verbose` and `--stuff` only, the function | |
253 | * returns the `--verbose` and `--stuff` option items, the | |
254 | * `do-something` non-option item, and that three original arguments | |
255 | * were ingested. This means you can start the next argument parsing | |
256 | * stage, with option descriptors depending on the command name, at | |
257 | * `&argv[3]`. | |
258 | * | |
259 | * Note that `ingested_orig_args` is not always equal to the number of | |
260 | * returned items, as | |
261 | * | |
262 | * --hello -fdw | |
263 | * | |
264 | * for example contains two ingested original arguments, but four | |
265 | * resulting items. | |
266 | * | |
fc07e526 SM |
267 | * On failure, the `items` member of the returned structure is `NULL`, |
268 | * and the `error` string member contains details about the error. | |
903a5b8a | 269 | * |
fc07e526 | 270 | * Finalize the returned structure with argpar_parse_ret_fini(). |
903a5b8a | 271 | */ |
7ac57709 | 272 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN |
1c9a6bde | 273 | struct argpar_parse_ret argpar_parse(unsigned int argc, |
903a5b8a | 274 | const char * const *argv, |
1c9a6bde | 275 | const struct argpar_opt_descr *descrs, |
903a5b8a SM |
276 | bool fail_on_unknown_opt); |
277 | ||
278 | /* | |
fc07e526 | 279 | * Finalizes what argpar_parse() returns. |
903a5b8a | 280 | * |
fc07e526 | 281 | * You may call argpar_parse() multiple times with the same structure. |
903a5b8a | 282 | */ |
7ac57709 | 283 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN |
1c9a6bde | 284 | void argpar_parse_ret_fini(struct argpar_parse_ret *ret); |
903a5b8a | 285 | |
fc07e526 SM |
286 | /* |
287 | * Creates an argument parsing iterator. | |
288 | * | |
289 | * This function initializes the returned structure, but doesn't | |
290 | * actually start parsing the arguments. | |
291 | * | |
292 | * `*argv` and `*descrs` must NOT change for the lifetime of the | |
293 | * returned iterator (until you call argpar_iter_destroy()). | |
294 | * | |
2af370d0 PP |
295 | * Call argpar_iter_next() with the returned iterator to obtain the next |
296 | * parsing result (item). | |
fc07e526 SM |
297 | */ |
298 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN | |
299 | struct argpar_iter *argpar_iter_create(unsigned int argc, | |
300 | const char * const *argv, | |
301 | const struct argpar_opt_descr *descrs); | |
302 | ||
303 | /* | |
304 | * Destroys `iter`, as returned by argpar_iter_create(). | |
305 | */ | |
306 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN | |
307 | void argpar_iter_destroy(struct argpar_iter *iter); | |
308 | ||
309 | /* | |
2af370d0 | 310 | * Return type of argpar_iter_next(). |
fc07e526 | 311 | */ |
2af370d0 PP |
312 | enum argpar_iter_next_status { |
313 | ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_OK, | |
314 | ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_END, | |
315 | ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_ERROR_UNKNOWN_OPT, | |
316 | ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_ERROR_MISSING_OPT_ARG, | |
317 | ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARG, | |
318 | ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_OPT_ARG, | |
319 | ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_ERROR_MEMORY, | |
fc07e526 SM |
320 | }; |
321 | ||
322 | /* | |
323 | * Parses and returns the next item from `iter`. | |
324 | * | |
d4d05805 PP |
325 | * On success, this function: |
326 | * | |
327 | * * Sets `*item` to a parsing item which describes the next option | |
328 | * or non-option argument. | |
329 | * | |
330 | * Destroy `*item` with argpar_item_destroy(). | |
331 | * | |
2af370d0 | 332 | * * Returns `ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_OK`. |
fc07e526 SM |
333 | * |
334 | * If there are no more items to return, this function returns | |
2af370d0 | 335 | * `ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_END`. |
fc07e526 | 336 | * |
d4d05805 PP |
337 | * On failure, this function: |
338 | * | |
339 | * * Returns one of: | |
340 | * | |
2af370d0 | 341 | * `ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_ERROR_UNKNOWN_OPT`: |
d4d05805 PP |
342 | * Unknown option (not found in `descrs` as passed to |
343 | * argpar_iter_create() to create `iter`). | |
344 | * | |
2af370d0 | 345 | * `ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_ERROR_MISSING_OPT_ARG`: |
d4d05805 PP |
346 | * Missing option argument. |
347 | * | |
2af370d0 | 348 | * `ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARG`: |
d4d05805 PP |
349 | * Invalid argument. |
350 | * | |
2af370d0 | 351 | * `ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_OPT_ARG`: |
d4d05805 PP |
352 | * Unexpected option argument. |
353 | * | |
2af370d0 | 354 | * `ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_ERROR_MEMORY`: |
d4d05805 | 355 | * Memory error. |
fc07e526 | 356 | * |
2af370d0 | 357 | * * Except for the `ARGPAR_ITER_NEXT_STATUS_ERROR_MEMORY` status, |
d4d05805 PP |
358 | * sets `*error`, if not `NULL`, to a descriptive error string. |
359 | * Free `*error` with free(). | |
fc07e526 | 360 | */ |
2af370d0 | 361 | enum argpar_iter_next_status argpar_iter_next( |
fc07e526 SM |
362 | struct argpar_iter *iter, const struct argpar_item **item, |
363 | char **error); | |
364 | ||
365 | /* | |
366 | * Returns the number of ingested elements from `argv`, as passed to | |
367 | * argpar_iter_create() to create `*iter`, that were required to produce | |
368 | * the previously returned items. | |
369 | */ | |
370 | ARGPAR_HIDDEN | |
f3ab5ca1 | 371 | unsigned int argpar_iter_ingested_orig_args(const struct argpar_iter *iter); |
fc07e526 | 372 | |
fc07e526 SM |
373 | /* |
374 | * Destroys `_item` (`const struct argpar_item *`) and sets it to | |
375 | * `NULL`. | |
376 | */ | |
fb12ac67 PP |
377 | #define ARGPAR_ITEM_DESTROY_AND_RESET(_item) \ |
378 | { \ | |
379 | argpar_item_destroy(_item); \ | |
380 | _item = NULL; \ | |
fc07e526 SM |
381 | } |
382 | ||
fe5a18f8 | 383 | #endif /* ARGPAR_ARGPAR_H */ |