Make API CTF-agnostic
[babeltrace.git] / plugins / ctf / common / metadata / visitor-generate-ir.c
index 743b61b1a58f788f8ebb5867a61ed3cc900b3fd5..2ba0603c232394b13290074fb8618632456e4d16 100644 (file)
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * Based on older ctf-visitor-generate-io-struct.c.
  *
  * Copyright 2010 - Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
- * Copyright 2015-2016 - Philippe Proulx <philippe.proulx@efficios.com>
+ * Copyright 2015-2018 - Philippe Proulx <philippe.proulx@efficios.com>
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@
 #include "parser.h"
 #include "ast.h"
 #include "decoder.h"
+#include "ctf-meta.h"
+#include "ctf-meta-visitors.h"
 
 /* Bit value (left shift) */
 #define _BV(_val)              (1 << (_val))
 /* Set bit in a set of bits */
 #define _SET(_set, _mask)      (*(_set) |= (_mask))
 
+/* Try to push scope, or go to the `error` label */
+#define _TRY_PUSH_SCOPE_OR_GOTO_ERROR()                                        \
+       do {                                                            \
+               ret = ctx_push_scope(ctx);                              \
+               if (ret) {                                              \
+                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot push scope.");              \
+                       goto error;                                     \
+               }                                                       \
+       } while (0)
+
 /* Bits for verifying existing attributes in various declarations */
 enum {
        _CLOCK_NAME_SET =               _BV(0),
@@ -112,27 +124,27 @@ enum {
        _EVENT_ID_SET =                 _BV(1),
        _EVENT_MODEL_EMF_URI_SET =      _BV(2),
        _EVENT_STREAM_ID_SET =          _BV(3),
-       _EVENT_LOGLEVEL_SET =           _BV(4),
+       _EVENT_LOG_LEVEL_SET =          _BV(4),
        _EVENT_CONTEXT_SET =            _BV(5),
        _EVENT_FIELDS_SET =             _BV(6),
 };
 
 enum loglevel {
-        LOGLEVEL_EMERG                  = 0,
-        LOGLEVEL_ALERT                  = 1,
-        LOGLEVEL_CRIT                   = 2,
-        LOGLEVEL_ERR                    = 3,
-        LOGLEVEL_WARNING                = 4,
-        LOGLEVEL_NOTICE                 = 5,
-        LOGLEVEL_INFO                   = 6,
-        LOGLEVEL_DEBUG_SYSTEM           = 7,
-        LOGLEVEL_DEBUG_PROGRAM          = 8,
-        LOGLEVEL_DEBUG_PROCESS          = 9,
-        LOGLEVEL_DEBUG_MODULE           = 10,
-        LOGLEVEL_DEBUG_UNIT             = 11,
-        LOGLEVEL_DEBUG_FUNCTION         = 12,
-        LOGLEVEL_DEBUG_LINE             = 13,
-        LOGLEVEL_DEBUG                  = 14,
+        LOG_LEVEL_EMERG                  = 0,
+        LOG_LEVEL_ALERT                  = 1,
+        LOG_LEVEL_CRIT                   = 2,
+        LOG_LEVEL_ERR                    = 3,
+        LOG_LEVEL_WARNING                = 4,
+        LOG_LEVEL_NOTICE                 = 5,
+        LOG_LEVEL_INFO                   = 6,
+        LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG_SYSTEM           = 7,
+        LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG_PROGRAM          = 8,
+        LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG_PROCESS          = 9,
+        LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG_MODULE           = 10,
+        LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG_UNIT             = 11,
+        LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG_FUNCTION         = 12,
+        LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG_LINE             = 13,
+        LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG                  = 14,
        _NR_LOGLEVELS                   = 15,
 };
 
@@ -143,11 +155,9 @@ enum loglevel {
 #define _PREFIX_VARIANT                        'v'
 
 /* First entry in a BT list */
-#define _BT_LIST_FIRST_ENTRY(_ptr, _type, _member)     \
+#define _BT_LIST_FIRST_ENTRY(_ptr, _type, _member)                     \
        bt_list_entry((_ptr)->next, _type, _member)
 
-#define _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(_name)     struct bt_field_type *_name = NULL;
-
 #define _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(_node, _attr, _entity)                       \
        _BT_LOGE_LINENO((_node)->lineno,                                \
                "Duplicate attribute in %s: attr-name=\"%s\"",          \
@@ -171,7 +181,7 @@ struct ctx_decl_scope {
        /*
         * Alias name to field type.
         *
-        * GQuark -> struct bt_field_type *
+        * GQuark -> struct ctf_field_type * (owned by this)
         */
        GHashTable *decl_map;
 
@@ -183,33 +193,23 @@ struct ctx_decl_scope {
  * Visitor context (private).
  */
 struct ctx {
-       /* Trace being filled (owned by this) */
+       /* Trace IR trace being filled (owned by this) */
        struct bt_trace *trace;
 
-       /* Current declaration scope (top of the stack) */
+       /* CTF meta trace being filled (owned by this) */
+       struct ctf_trace_class *ctf_tc;
+
+       /* Current declaration scope (top of the stack) (owned by this) */
        struct ctx_decl_scope *current_scope;
 
-       /* 1 if trace declaration is visited */
-       int is_trace_visited;
+       /* True if trace declaration is visited */
+       bool is_trace_visited;
 
-       /* 1 if this is an LTTng trace */
+       /* True if this is an LTTng trace */
        bool is_lttng;
 
-       /* Eventual name suffix of the trace to set */
-       char *trace_name_suffix;
-
-       /* Trace attributes */
-       enum bt_byte_order trace_bo;
-       uint64_t trace_major;
-       uint64_t trace_minor;
-       unsigned char trace_uuid[BABELTRACE_UUID_LEN];
-
-       /*
-        * Stream IDs to stream classes.
-        *
-        * int64_t -> struct bt_stream_class *
-        */
-       GHashTable *stream_classes;
+       /* Eventual name suffix of the trace to set (owned by this) */
+       char *trace_class_name_suffix;
 
        /* Config passed by the user */
        struct ctf_metadata_decoder_config decoder_config;
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ struct ctx {
 /*
  * Visitor (public).
  */
-struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir { };
+struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir;
 
 /**
  * Creates a new declaration scope.
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ struct ctx_decl_scope *ctx_decl_scope_create(struct ctx_decl_scope *par_scope)
        }
 
        scope->decl_map = g_hash_table_new_full(g_direct_hash, g_direct_equal,
-               NULL, (GDestroyNotify) bt_put);
+               NULL, (GDestroyNotify) ctf_field_type_destroy);
        scope->parent_scope = par_scope;
 
 end:
@@ -301,24 +301,26 @@ end:
  * @param scope                Declaration scope
  * @param prefix       Prefix character
  * @param name         Alias name
- * @param level                Number of levels to dig (-1 means infinite)
- * @returns            Declaration, or NULL if not found
+ * @param levels       Number of levels to dig into (-1 means infinite)
+ * @param copy         True to return a copy
+ * @returns            Declaration (owned by caller if \p copy is true),
+ *                     or NULL if not found
  */
 static
-struct bt_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(
-       struct ctx_decl_scope *scope, char prefix,
-       const char *name, int levels)
+struct ctf_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(
+               struct ctx_decl_scope *scope, char prefix, const char *name,
+               int levels, bool copy)
 {
        GQuark qname = 0;
        int cur_levels = 0;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(decl);
+       struct ctf_field_type *decl = NULL;
        struct ctx_decl_scope *cur_scope = scope;
 
        BT_ASSERT(scope);
        BT_ASSERT(name);
        qname = get_prefixed_named_quark(prefix, name);
        if (!qname) {
-               goto error;
+               goto end;
        }
 
        if (levels < 0) {
@@ -330,18 +332,20 @@ struct bt_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(
                        (gconstpointer) GUINT_TO_POINTER(qname));
                if (decl) {
                        /* Caller's reference */
-                       bt_get(decl);
-                       break;
+                       if (copy) {
+                               decl = ctf_field_type_copy(decl);
+                               BT_ASSERT(decl);
+                       }
+
+                       goto end;
                }
 
                cur_scope = cur_scope->parent_scope;
                cur_levels++;
        }
 
+end:
        return decl;
-
-error:
-       return NULL;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -349,15 +353,18 @@ error:
  *
  * @param scope                Declaration scope
  * @param name         Alias name
- * @param level                Number of levels to dig (-1 means infinite)
- * @returns            Declaration, or NULL if not found
+ * @param levels       Number of levels to dig into (-1 means infinite)
+ * @param copy         True to return a copy
+ * @returns            Declaration (owned by caller if \p copy is true),
+ *                     or NULL if not found
  */
 static
-struct bt_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_alias(
-       struct ctx_decl_scope *scope, const char *name, int levels)
+struct ctf_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_alias(
+               struct ctx_decl_scope *scope, const char *name, int levels,
+               bool copy)
 {
        return ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(scope, _PREFIX_ALIAS,
-               name, levels);
+               name, levels, copy);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -365,15 +372,18 @@ struct bt_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_alias(
  *
  * @param scope                Declaration scope
  * @param name         Enumeration name
- * @param level                Number of levels to dig (-1 means infinite)
- * @returns            Declaration, or NULL if not found
+ * @param levels       Number of levels to dig into (-1 means infinite)
+ * @param copy         True to return a copy
+ * @returns            Declaration (owned by caller if \p copy is true),
+ *                     or NULL if not found
  */
 static
-struct bt_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_enum(
-       struct ctx_decl_scope *scope, const char *name, int levels)
+struct ctf_field_type_enum *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_enum(
+               struct ctx_decl_scope *scope, const char *name, int levels,
+               bool copy)
 {
-       return ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(scope, _PREFIX_ENUM,
-               name, levels);
+       return (void *) ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(scope, _PREFIX_ENUM,
+               name, levels, copy);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -381,15 +391,18 @@ struct bt_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_enum(
  *
  * @param scope                Declaration scope
  * @param name         Structure name
- * @param level                Number of levels to dig (-1 means infinite)
- * @returns            Declaration, or NULL if not found
+ * @param levels       Number of levels to dig into (-1 means infinite)
+ * @param copy         True to return a copy
+ * @returns            Declaration (owned by caller if \p copy is true),
+ *                     or NULL if not found
  */
 static
-struct bt_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_struct(
-       struct ctx_decl_scope *scope, const char *name, int levels)
+struct ctf_field_type_struct *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_struct(
+               struct ctx_decl_scope *scope, const char *name, int levels,
+               bool copy)
 {
-       return ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(scope, _PREFIX_STRUCT,
-               name, levels);
+       return (void *) ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(scope,
+               _PREFIX_STRUCT, name, levels, copy);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -397,15 +410,18 @@ struct bt_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_struct(
  *
  * @param scope                Declaration scope
  * @param name         Variant name
- * @param level                Number of levels to dig (-1 means infinite)
- * @returns            Declaration, or NULL if not found
+ * @param levels       Number of levels to dig into (-1 means infinite)
+ * @param copy         True to return a copy
+ * @returns            Declaration (owned by caller if \p copy is true),
+ *                     or NULL if not found
  */
 static
-struct bt_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_variant(
-       struct ctx_decl_scope *scope, const char *name, int levels)
+struct ctf_field_type_variant *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_variant(
+               struct ctx_decl_scope *scope, const char *name, int levels,
+               bool copy)
 {
-       return ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(scope, _PREFIX_VARIANT,
-               name, levels);
+       return (void *) ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(scope,
+               _PREFIX_VARIANT, name, levels, copy);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -414,16 +430,15 @@ struct bt_field_type *ctx_decl_scope_lookup_variant(
  * @param scope                Declaration scope
  * @param prefix       Prefix character
  * @param name         Alias name (non-NULL)
- * @param decl         Declaration to register
+ * @param decl         Field type to register (copied)
  * @returns            0 if registration went okay, negative value otherwise
  */
 static
 int ctx_decl_scope_register_prefix_alias(struct ctx_decl_scope *scope,
-       char prefix, const char *name, struct bt_field_type *decl)
+               char prefix, const char *name, struct ctf_field_type *decl)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        GQuark qname = 0;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(edecl);
 
        BT_ASSERT(scope);
        BT_ASSERT(name);
@@ -431,26 +446,21 @@ int ctx_decl_scope_register_prefix_alias(struct ctx_decl_scope *scope,
        qname = get_prefixed_named_quark(prefix, name);
        if (!qname) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
-               goto error;
+               goto end;
        }
 
        /* Make sure alias does not exist in local scope */
-       edecl = ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(scope, prefix, name, 1);
-       if (edecl) {
-               BT_PUT(edecl);
+       if (ctx_decl_scope_lookup_prefix_alias(scope, prefix, name, 1,
+                       false)) {
                ret = -EEXIST;
-               goto error;
+               goto end;
        }
 
-       g_hash_table_insert(scope->decl_map,
-               GUINT_TO_POINTER(qname), decl);
-
-       /* Hash table's reference */
-       bt_get(decl);
-
-       return 0;
+       decl = ctf_field_type_copy(decl);
+       BT_ASSERT(decl);
+       g_hash_table_insert(scope->decl_map, GUINT_TO_POINTER(qname), decl);
 
-error:
+end:
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -459,15 +469,15 @@ error:
  *
  * @param scope        Declaration scope
  * @param name Alias name (non-NULL)
- * @param decl Declaration to register
+ * @param decl Field type to register (copied)
  * @returns    0 if registration went okay, negative value otherwise
  */
 static
 int ctx_decl_scope_register_alias(struct ctx_decl_scope *scope,
-       const char *name, struct bt_field_type *decl)
+               const char *name, struct ctf_field_type *decl)
 {
        return ctx_decl_scope_register_prefix_alias(scope, _PREFIX_ALIAS,
-               name, decl);
+               name, (void *) decl);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -475,15 +485,15 @@ int ctx_decl_scope_register_alias(struct ctx_decl_scope *scope,
  *
  * @param scope        Declaration scope
  * @param name Enumeration name (non-NULL)
- * @param decl Enumeration declaration to register
+ * @param decl Enumeration field type to register (copied)
  * @returns    0 if registration went okay, negative value otherwise
  */
 static
 int ctx_decl_scope_register_enum(struct ctx_decl_scope *scope,
-       const char *name, struct bt_field_type *decl)
+               const char *name, struct ctf_field_type_enum *decl)
 {
        return ctx_decl_scope_register_prefix_alias(scope, _PREFIX_ENUM,
-               name, decl);
+               name, (void *) decl);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -491,15 +501,15 @@ int ctx_decl_scope_register_enum(struct ctx_decl_scope *scope,
  *
  * @param scope        Declaration scope
  * @param name Structure name (non-NULL)
- * @param decl Structure declaration to register
+ * @param decl Structure field type to register (copied)
  * @returns    0 if registration went okay, negative value otherwise
  */
 static
 int ctx_decl_scope_register_struct(struct ctx_decl_scope *scope,
-       const char *name, struct bt_field_type *decl)
+               const char *name, struct ctf_field_type_struct *decl)
 {
        return ctx_decl_scope_register_prefix_alias(scope, _PREFIX_STRUCT,
-               name, decl);
+               name, (void *) decl);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -507,15 +517,15 @@ int ctx_decl_scope_register_struct(struct ctx_decl_scope *scope,
  *
  * @param scope        Declaration scope
  * @param name Variant name (non-NULL)
- * @param decl Variant declaration to register
+ * @param decl Variant field type to register
  * @returns    0 if registration went okay, negative value otherwise
  */
 static
 int ctx_decl_scope_register_variant(struct ctx_decl_scope *scope,
-       const char *name, struct bt_field_type *decl)
+               const char *name, struct ctf_field_type_variant *decl)
 {
        return ctx_decl_scope_register_prefix_alias(scope, _PREFIX_VARIANT,
-               name, decl);
+               name, (void *) decl);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -527,9 +537,6 @@ static
 void ctx_destroy(struct ctx *ctx)
 {
        struct ctx_decl_scope *scope;
-       /*
-        * Destroy all scopes, from current one to the root scope.
-        */
 
        if (!ctx) {
                goto end;
@@ -537,6 +544,9 @@ void ctx_destroy(struct ctx *ctx)
 
        scope = ctx->current_scope;
 
+       /*
+        * Destroy all scopes, from current one to the root scope.
+        */
        while (scope) {
                struct ctx_decl_scope *parent_scope = scope->parent_scope;
 
@@ -546,11 +556,14 @@ void ctx_destroy(struct ctx *ctx)
 
        bt_put(ctx->trace);
 
-       if (ctx->stream_classes) {
-               g_hash_table_destroy(ctx->stream_classes);
+       if (ctx->ctf_tc) {
+               ctf_trace_class_destroy(ctx->ctf_tc);
+       }
+
+       if (ctx->trace_class_name_suffix) {
+               free(ctx->trace_class_name_suffix);
        }
 
-       free(ctx->trace_name_suffix);
        g_free(ctx);
 
 end:
@@ -564,12 +577,10 @@ end:
  * @returns    New visitor context, or NULL on error
  */
 static
-struct ctx *ctx_create(struct bt_trace *trace,
-               const struct ctf_metadata_decoder_config *decoder_config,
-               const char *trace_name_suffix)
+struct ctx *ctx_create(const struct ctf_metadata_decoder_config *decoder_config,
+               const char *trace_class_name_suffix)
 {
        struct ctx *ctx = NULL;
-       struct ctx_decl_scope *scope = NULL;
 
        BT_ASSERT(decoder_config);
 
@@ -579,39 +590,42 @@ struct ctx *ctx_create(struct bt_trace *trace,
                goto error;
        }
 
-       /* Root declaration scope */
-       scope = ctx_decl_scope_create(NULL);
-       if (!scope) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create declaration scope.");
+       ctx->trace = bt_trace_create();
+       if (!ctx->trace) {
+               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create empty trace.");
+               goto error;
+       }
+
+       ctx->ctf_tc = ctf_trace_class_create();
+       if (!ctx->ctf_tc) {
+               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create CTF trace class.");
                goto error;
        }
 
-       ctx->stream_classes = g_hash_table_new_full(g_int64_hash,
-               g_int64_equal, g_free, (GDestroyNotify) bt_put);
-       if (!ctx->stream_classes) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Failed to allocate a GHashTable.");
+       /* Root declaration scope */
+       ctx->current_scope = ctx_decl_scope_create(NULL);
+       if (!ctx->current_scope) {
+               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create declaration scope.");
                goto error;
        }
 
-       if (trace_name_suffix) {
-               ctx->trace_name_suffix = strdup(trace_name_suffix);
-               if (!ctx->trace_name_suffix) {
+       if (trace_class_name_suffix) {
+               ctx->trace_class_name_suffix = strdup(trace_class_name_suffix);
+               if (!ctx->trace_class_name_suffix) {
                        BT_LOGE_STR("Failed to copy string.");
                        goto error;
                }
        }
 
-       ctx->trace = trace;
-       ctx->current_scope = scope;
-       scope = NULL;
-       ctx->trace_bo = BT_BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE;
        ctx->decoder_config = *decoder_config;
-       return ctx;
+       goto end;
 
 error:
        ctx_destroy(ctx);
-       ctx_decl_scope_destroy(scope);
-       return NULL;
+       ctx = NULL;
+
+end:
+       return ctx;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -662,7 +676,7 @@ end:
 
 static
 int visit_type_specifier_list(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *ts_list,
-       struct bt_field_type **decl);
+               struct ctf_field_type **decl);
 
 static
 char *remove_underscores_from_field_ref(const char *field_ref)
@@ -1043,10 +1057,10 @@ end:
 }
 
 static
-enum bt_byte_order byte_order_from_unary_expr(struct ctf_node *unary_expr)
+enum ctf_byte_order byte_order_from_unary_expr(struct ctf_node *unary_expr)
 {
        const char *str;
-       enum bt_byte_order bo = BT_BYTE_ORDER_UNKNOWN;
+       enum ctf_byte_order bo = -1;
 
        if (unary_expr->u.unary_expression.type != UNARY_STRING) {
                _BT_LOGE_NODE(unary_expr,
@@ -1057,11 +1071,11 @@ enum bt_byte_order byte_order_from_unary_expr(struct ctf_node *unary_expr)
        str = unary_expr->u.unary_expression.u.string;
 
        if (!strcmp(str, "be") || !strcmp(str, "network")) {
-               bo = BT_BYTE_ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN;
+               bo = CTF_BYTE_ORDER_BIG;
        } else if (!strcmp(str, "le")) {
-               bo = BT_BYTE_ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
+               bo = CTF_BYTE_ORDER_LITTLE;
        } else if (!strcmp(str, "native")) {
-               bo = BT_BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE;
+               bo = CTF_BYTE_ORDER_DEFAULT;
        } else {
                _BT_LOGE_NODE(unary_expr,
                        "Unexpected \"byte_order\" attribute value: "
@@ -1075,13 +1089,13 @@ end:
 }
 
 static
-enum bt_byte_order get_real_byte_order(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct ctf_node *uexpr)
+enum ctf_byte_order get_real_byte_order(struct ctx *ctx,
+               struct ctf_node *uexpr)
 {
-       enum bt_byte_order bo = byte_order_from_unary_expr(uexpr);
+       enum ctf_byte_order bo = byte_order_from_unary_expr(uexpr);
 
-       if (bo == BT_BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE) {
-               bo = bt_trace_get_native_byte_order(ctx->trace);
+       if (bo == CTF_BYTE_ORDER_DEFAULT) {
+               bo = ctx->ctf_tc->default_byte_order;
        }
 
        return bo;
@@ -1090,12 +1104,12 @@ enum bt_byte_order get_real_byte_order(struct ctx *ctx,
 static
 int is_align_valid(uint64_t align)
 {
-       return (align != 0) && !(align & (align - 1ULL));
+       return (align != 0) && !(align & (align - UINT64_C(1)));
 }
 
 static
 int get_type_specifier_name(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier,
-       GString *str)
+               GString *str)
 {
        int ret = 0;
 
@@ -1213,7 +1227,7 @@ end:
 
 static
 int get_type_specifier_list_name(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list, GString *str)
+               struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list, GString *str)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        struct ctf_node *iter;
@@ -1239,8 +1253,8 @@ end:
 
 static
 GQuark create_typealias_identifier(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
-       struct ctf_node *node_type_declarator)
+               struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
+               struct ctf_node *node_type_declarator)
 {
        int ret;
        char *str_c;
@@ -1275,16 +1289,15 @@ end:
 
 static
 int visit_type_declarator(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
-       GQuark *field_name, struct ctf_node *node_type_declarator,
-       struct bt_field_type **field_decl,
-       struct bt_field_type *nested_decl)
+               GQuark *field_name, struct ctf_node *node_type_declarator,
+               struct ctf_field_type **field_decl,
+               struct ctf_field_type *nested_decl)
 {
        /*
         * During this whole function, nested_decl is always OURS,
         * whereas field_decl is an output which we create, but
         * belongs to the caller (it is moved).
         */
-
        int ret = 0;
        *field_decl = NULL;
 
@@ -1316,17 +1329,16 @@ int visit_type_declarator(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
 
                if (node_type_declarator && !bt_list_empty(pointers)) {
                        GQuark qalias;
-                       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(nested_decl_copy);
 
                        /*
                         * If we have a pointer declarator, it HAS to
-                        * be present in the typealiases (else fail).
+                        * be present in the typealiases (else fail).
                         */
                        qalias = create_typealias_identifier(ctx,
                                type_specifier_list, node_type_declarator);
                        nested_decl =
                                ctx_decl_scope_lookup_alias(ctx->current_scope,
-                                       g_quark_to_string(qalias), -1);
+                                       g_quark_to_string(qalias), -1, true);
                        if (!nested_decl) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node_type_declarator,
                                        "Cannot find type alias: name=\"%s\"",
@@ -1335,24 +1347,13 @@ int visit_type_declarator(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       /* Make a copy of it */
-                       nested_decl_copy = bt_field_type_copy(nested_decl);
-                       BT_PUT(nested_decl);
-                       if (!nested_decl_copy) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node_type_declarator,
-                                       "Cannot copy nested field type.");
-                               ret = -EINVAL;
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
-                       BT_MOVE(nested_decl, nested_decl_copy);
+                       if (nested_decl->id == CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_INT) {
+                               /* Pointer: force integer's base to 16 */
+                               struct ctf_field_type_int *int_ft =
+                                       (void *) nested_decl;
 
-                       /* Force integer's base to 16 since it's a pointer */
-                       if (bt_field_type_is_integer(nested_decl)) {
-                               ret = bt_field_type_integer_set_base(
-                                       nested_decl,
-                                       BT_INTEGER_BASE_HEXADECIMAL);
-                               BT_ASSERT(ret == 0);
+                               int_ft->disp_base =
+                                       BT_FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER_PREFERRED_DISPLAY_BASE_HEXADECIMAL;
                        }
                } else {
                        ret = visit_type_specifier_list(ctx,
@@ -1367,7 +1368,8 @@ int visit_type_declarator(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
        BT_ASSERT(nested_decl);
 
        if (!node_type_declarator) {
-               BT_MOVE(*field_decl, nested_decl);
+               *field_decl = nested_decl;
+               nested_decl = NULL;
                goto end;
        }
 
@@ -1385,12 +1387,13 @@ int visit_type_declarator(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
                        *field_name = 0;
                }
 
-               BT_MOVE(*field_decl, nested_decl);
+               *field_decl = nested_decl;
+               nested_decl = NULL;
                goto end;
        } else {
                struct ctf_node *first;
-               _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(decl);
-               _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(outer_field_decl);
+               struct ctf_field_type *decl = NULL;
+               struct ctf_field_type *outer_field_decl = NULL;
                struct bt_list_head *length =
                        &node_type_declarator->
                                u.type_declarator.u.nested.length;
@@ -1415,29 +1418,22 @@ int visit_type_declarator(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
                switch (first->u.unary_expression.type) {
                case UNARY_UNSIGNED_CONSTANT:
                {
-                       size_t len;
-                       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(array_decl);
-
-                       len = first->u.unary_expression.u.unsigned_constant;
-                       array_decl = bt_field_type_array_create(nested_decl,
-                               len);
-                       BT_PUT(nested_decl);
-                       if (!array_decl) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(first,
-                                       "Cannot create array field type.");
-                               ret = -ENOMEM;
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
-                       BT_MOVE(decl, array_decl);
+                       struct ctf_field_type_array *array_decl = NULL;
+
+                       array_decl = ctf_field_type_array_create();
+                       BT_ASSERT(array_decl);
+                       array_decl->length =
+                               first->u.unary_expression.u.unsigned_constant;
+                       array_decl->base.elem_ft = nested_decl;
+                       nested_decl = NULL;
+                       decl = (void *) array_decl;
                        break;
                }
                case UNARY_STRING:
                {
                        /* Lookup unsigned integer definition, create seq. */
-                       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(seq_decl);
+                       struct ctf_field_type_sequence *seq_decl = NULL;
                        char *length_name = concatenate_unary_strings(length);
-                       char *length_name_no_underscore;
 
                        if (!length_name) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node_type_declarator,
@@ -1446,26 +1442,72 @@ int visit_type_declarator(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       length_name_no_underscore =
-                               remove_underscores_from_field_ref(length_name);
-                       if (!length_name_no_underscore) {
-                               /* remove_underscores_from_field_ref() logs errors */
-                               ret = -EINVAL;
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-                       seq_decl = bt_field_type_sequence_create(
-                               nested_decl, length_name_no_underscore);
-                       free(length_name_no_underscore);
-                       g_free(length_name);
-                       BT_PUT(nested_decl);
-                       if (!seq_decl) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node_type_declarator,
-                                       "Cannot create sequence field type.");
-                               ret = -ENOMEM;
-                               goto error;
+                       if (strncmp(length_name, "env.", 4) == 0) {
+                               /* This is, in fact, an array */
+                               const char *env_entry_name = &length_name[4];
+                               struct ctf_trace_class_env_entry *env_entry =
+                                       ctf_trace_class_borrow_env_entry_by_name(
+                                               ctx->ctf_tc, env_entry_name);
+                               struct ctf_field_type_array *array_decl;
+
+                               if (!env_entry) {
+                                       _BT_LOGE_NODE(node_type_declarator,
+                                               "Cannot find environment entry: "
+                                               "name=\"%s\"", env_entry_name);
+                                       ret = -EINVAL;
+                                       goto error;
+                               }
+
+                               if (env_entry->type != CTF_TRACE_CLASS_ENV_ENTRY_TYPE_INT) {
+                                       _BT_LOGE_NODE(node_type_declarator,
+                                               "Wrong environment entry type "
+                                               "(expecting integer): "
+                                               "name=\"%s\"", env_entry_name);
+                                       ret = -EINVAL;
+                                       goto error;
+                               }
+
+                               if (env_entry->value.i < 0) {
+                                       _BT_LOGE_NODE(node_type_declarator,
+                                               "Invalid, negative array length: "
+                                               "env-entry-name=\"%s\", "
+                                               "value=%" PRId64,
+                                               env_entry_name,
+                                               env_entry->value.i);
+                                       ret = -EINVAL;
+                                       goto error;
+                               }
+
+                               array_decl = ctf_field_type_array_create();
+                               BT_ASSERT(array_decl);
+                               array_decl->length =
+                                       (uint64_t) env_entry->value.i;
+                               array_decl->base.elem_ft = nested_decl;
+                               nested_decl = NULL;
+                               decl = (void *) array_decl;
+                       } else {
+                               char *length_name_no_underscore =
+                                       remove_underscores_from_field_ref(
+                                               length_name);
+                               if (!length_name_no_underscore) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * remove_underscores_from_field_ref()
+                                        * logs errors
+                                        */
+                                       ret = -EINVAL;
+                                       goto error;
+                               }
+                               seq_decl = ctf_field_type_sequence_create();
+                               BT_ASSERT(seq_decl);
+                               seq_decl->base.elem_ft = nested_decl;
+                               nested_decl = NULL;
+                               g_string_assign(seq_decl->length_ref,
+                                       length_name_no_underscore);
+                               free(length_name_no_underscore);
+                               decl = (void *) seq_decl;
                        }
 
-                       BT_MOVE(decl, seq_decl);
+                       g_free(length_name);
                        break;
                }
                default:
@@ -1497,37 +1539,41 @@ int visit_type_declarator(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
                }
 
                BT_ASSERT(outer_field_decl);
-               BT_MOVE(*field_decl, outer_field_decl);
+               *field_decl = outer_field_decl;
+               outer_field_decl = NULL;
        }
 
-end:
-       BT_PUT(nested_decl);
        BT_ASSERT(*field_decl);
-
-       return 0;
+       goto end;
 
 error:
-       BT_PUT(nested_decl);
-       BT_PUT(*field_decl);
+       ctf_field_type_destroy(*field_decl);
+       *field_decl = NULL;
 
+       if (ret >= 0) {
+               ret = -1;
+       }
+
+end:
+       ctf_field_type_destroy(nested_decl);
+       nested_decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_struct_decl_field(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct bt_field_type *struct_decl,
-       struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
-       struct bt_list_head *type_declarators)
+               struct ctf_field_type_struct *struct_decl,
+               struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
+               struct bt_list_head *type_declarators)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        struct ctf_node *iter;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(field_decl);
+       struct ctf_field_type *field_decl = NULL;
 
        bt_list_for_each_entry(iter, type_declarators, siblings) {
                field_decl = NULL;
                GQuark qfield_name;
                const char *field_name;
-               _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(efield_decl);
 
                ret = visit_type_declarator(ctx, type_specifier_list,
                        &qfield_name, iter, &field_decl, NULL);
@@ -1542,11 +1588,8 @@ int visit_struct_decl_field(struct ctx *ctx,
                field_name = g_quark_to_string(qfield_name);
 
                /* Check if field with same name already exists */
-               efield_decl =
-                       bt_field_type_structure_get_field_type_by_name(
-                               struct_decl, field_name);
-               if (efield_decl) {
-                       BT_PUT(efield_decl);
+               if (ctf_field_type_struct_borrow_member_by_name(
+                               struct_decl, field_name)) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(type_specifier_list,
                                "Duplicate field in structure field type: "
                                "field-name=\"%s\"", field_name);
@@ -1555,41 +1598,33 @@ int visit_struct_decl_field(struct ctx *ctx,
                }
 
                /* Add field to structure */
-               ret = bt_field_type_structure_add_field(struct_decl,
-                       field_decl, field_name);
-               BT_PUT(field_decl);
-               if (ret) {
-                       _BT_LOGE_NODE(type_specifier_list,
-                               "Cannot add field to structure field type: "
-                               "field-name=\"%s\", ret=%d",
-                               g_quark_to_string(qfield_name), ret);
-                       goto error;
-               }
+               ctf_field_type_struct_append_member(struct_decl,
+                       field_name, field_decl);
+               field_decl = NULL;
        }
 
        return 0;
 
 error:
-       BT_PUT(field_decl);
-
+       ctf_field_type_destroy(field_decl);
+       field_decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_variant_decl_field(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct bt_field_type *variant_decl,
-       struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
-       struct bt_list_head *type_declarators)
+               struct ctf_field_type_variant *variant_decl,
+               struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
+               struct bt_list_head *type_declarators)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        struct ctf_node *iter;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(field_decl);
+       struct ctf_field_type *field_decl = NULL;
 
        bt_list_for_each_entry(iter, type_declarators, siblings) {
                field_decl = NULL;
                GQuark qfield_name;
                const char *field_name;
-               _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(efield_decl);
 
                ret = visit_type_declarator(ctx, type_specifier_list,
                        &qfield_name, iter, &field_decl, NULL);
@@ -1604,11 +1639,8 @@ int visit_variant_decl_field(struct ctx *ctx,
                field_name = g_quark_to_string(qfield_name);
 
                /* Check if field with same name already exists */
-               efield_decl =
-                       bt_field_type_variant_get_field_type_by_name(
-                               variant_decl, field_name);
-               if (efield_decl) {
-                       BT_PUT(efield_decl);
+               if (ctf_field_type_variant_borrow_option_by_name(
+                               variant_decl, field_name)) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(type_specifier_list,
                                "Duplicate field in variant field type: "
                                "field-name=\"%s\"", field_name);
@@ -1617,34 +1649,27 @@ int visit_variant_decl_field(struct ctx *ctx,
                }
 
                /* Add field to structure */
-               ret = bt_field_type_variant_add_field(variant_decl,
-                       field_decl, field_name);
-               BT_PUT(field_decl);
-               if (ret) {
-                       _BT_LOGE_NODE(type_specifier_list,
-                               "Cannot add field to variant field type: "
-                               "field-name=\"%s\", ret=%d",
-                               g_quark_to_string(qfield_name), ret);
-                       goto error;
-               }
+               ctf_field_type_variant_append_option(variant_decl,
+                       field_name, field_decl);
+               field_decl = NULL;
        }
 
        return 0;
 
 error:
-       BT_PUT(field_decl);
-
+       ctf_field_type_destroy(field_decl);
+       field_decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_typedef(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
-       struct bt_list_head *type_declarators)
+               struct bt_list_head *type_declarators)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        GQuark qidentifier;
        struct ctf_node *iter;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(type_decl);
+       struct ctf_field_type *type_decl = NULL;
 
        bt_list_for_each_entry(iter, type_declarators, siblings) {
                ret = visit_type_declarator(ctx, type_specifier_list,
@@ -1657,8 +1682,11 @@ int visit_typedef(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
                }
 
                /* Do not allow typedef and typealias of untagged variants */
-               if (bt_field_type_is_variant(type_decl)) {
-                       if (bt_field_type_variant_get_tag_name(type_decl)) {
+               if (type_decl->id == CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_VARIANT) {
+                       struct ctf_field_type_variant *var_ft =
+                               (void *) type_decl;
+
+                       if (var_ft->tag_path.path->len == 0) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(iter,
                                        "Type definition of untagged variant field type is not allowed.");
                                ret = -EPERM;
@@ -1677,20 +1705,20 @@ int visit_typedef(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
        }
 
 end:
-       BT_PUT(type_decl);
-
+       ctf_field_type_destroy(type_decl);
+       type_decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_typealias(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *target,
-       struct ctf_node *alias)
+               struct ctf_node *alias)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        GQuark qalias;
        struct ctf_node *node;
        GQuark qdummy_field_name;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(type_decl);
+       struct ctf_field_type *type_decl = NULL;
 
        /* Create target type declaration */
        if (bt_list_empty(&target->u.typealias_target.type_declarators)) {
@@ -1712,8 +1740,10 @@ int visit_typealias(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *target,
        }
 
        /* Do not allow typedef and typealias of untagged variants */
-       if (bt_field_type_is_variant(type_decl)) {
-               if (bt_field_type_variant_get_tag_name(type_decl)) {
+       if (type_decl->id == CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_VARIANT) {
+               struct ctf_field_type_variant *var_ft = (void *) type_decl;
+
+               if (var_ft->tag_path.path->len == 0) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(target,
                                "Type definition of untagged variant field type is not allowed.");
                        ret = -EPERM;
@@ -1748,14 +1778,14 @@ int visit_typealias(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *target,
        }
 
 end:
-       BT_PUT(type_decl);
-
+       ctf_field_type_destroy(type_decl);
+       type_decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_struct_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *entry_node,
-       struct bt_field_type *struct_decl)
+               struct ctf_field_type_struct *struct_decl)
 {
        int ret = 0;
 
@@ -1805,7 +1835,7 @@ end:
 
 static
 int visit_variant_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *entry_node,
-       struct bt_field_type *variant_decl)
+               struct ctf_field_type_variant *variant_decl)
 {
        int ret = 0;
 
@@ -1856,18 +1886,17 @@ end:
 
 static
 int visit_struct_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
-       struct bt_list_head *decl_list, int has_body,
-       struct bt_list_head *min_align,
-       struct bt_field_type **struct_decl)
+               struct bt_list_head *decl_list, int has_body,
+               struct bt_list_head *min_align,
+               struct ctf_field_type_struct **struct_decl)
 {
        int ret = 0;
 
+       BT_ASSERT(struct_decl);
        *struct_decl = NULL;
 
        /* For named struct (without body), lookup in declaration scope */
        if (!has_body) {
-               _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(struct_decl_copy);
-
                if (!name) {
                        BT_LOGE_STR("Bodyless structure field type: missing name.");
                        ret = -EPERM;
@@ -1875,34 +1904,20 @@ int visit_struct_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
                }
 
                *struct_decl = ctx_decl_scope_lookup_struct(ctx->current_scope,
-                       name, -1);
+                       name, -1, true);
                if (!*struct_decl) {
                        BT_LOGE("Cannot find structure field type: name=\"struct %s\"",
                                name);
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto error;
                }
-
-               /* Make a copy of it */
-               struct_decl_copy = bt_field_type_copy(*struct_decl);
-               if (!struct_decl_copy) {
-                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create copy of structure field type.");
-                       ret = -EINVAL;
-                       goto error;
-               }
-
-               BT_MOVE(*struct_decl, struct_decl_copy);
        } else {
                struct ctf_node *entry_node;
                uint64_t min_align_value = 0;
 
                if (name) {
-                       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(estruct_decl);
-
-                       estruct_decl = ctx_decl_scope_lookup_struct(
-                               ctx->current_scope, name, 1);
-                       if (estruct_decl) {
-                               BT_PUT(estruct_decl);
+                       if (ctx_decl_scope_lookup_struct(
+                                       ctx->current_scope, name, 1, false)) {
                                BT_LOGE("Structure field type already declared in local scope: "
                                        "name=\"struct %s\"", name);
                                ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -1919,28 +1934,14 @@ int visit_struct_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
                        }
                }
 
-               *struct_decl = bt_field_type_structure_create();
-               if (!*struct_decl) {
-                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create empty structure field type.");
-                       ret = -ENOMEM;
-                       goto error;
-               }
+               *struct_decl = ctf_field_type_struct_create();
+               BT_ASSERT(*struct_decl);
 
                if (min_align_value != 0) {
-                       ret = bt_field_type_set_alignment(*struct_decl,
-                                       min_align_value);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               BT_LOGE("Cannot set structure field type's alignment: "
-                                       "ret=%d", ret);
-                               goto error;
-                       }
+                       (*struct_decl)->base.alignment = min_align_value;
                }
 
-               ret = ctx_push_scope(ctx);
-               if (ret) {
-                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot push scope.");
-                       goto error;
-               }
+               _TRY_PUSH_SCOPE_OR_GOTO_ERROR();
 
                bt_list_for_each_entry(entry_node, decl_list, siblings) {
                        ret = visit_struct_decl_entry(ctx, entry_node,
@@ -1970,25 +1971,24 @@ int visit_struct_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
        return 0;
 
 error:
-       BT_PUT(*struct_decl);
-
+       ctf_field_type_destroy((void *) *struct_decl);
+       *struct_decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_variant_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
        const char *tag, struct bt_list_head *decl_list,
-       int has_body, struct bt_field_type **variant_decl)
+       int has_body, struct ctf_field_type_variant **variant_decl)
 {
        int ret = 0;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(untagged_variant_decl);
+       struct ctf_field_type_variant *untagged_variant_decl = NULL;
 
+       BT_ASSERT(variant_decl);
        *variant_decl = NULL;
 
        /* For named variant (without body), lookup in declaration scope */
        if (!has_body) {
-               _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(variant_decl_copy);
-
                if (!name) {
                        BT_LOGE_STR("Bodyless variant field type: missing name.");
                        ret = -EPERM;
@@ -1997,34 +1997,19 @@ int visit_variant_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
 
                untagged_variant_decl =
                        ctx_decl_scope_lookup_variant(ctx->current_scope,
-                               name, -1);
+                               name, -1, true);
                if (!untagged_variant_decl) {
                        BT_LOGE("Cannot find variant field type: name=\"variant %s\"",
                                name);
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto error;
                }
-
-               /* Make a copy of it */
-               variant_decl_copy = bt_field_type_copy(
-                       untagged_variant_decl);
-               if (!variant_decl_copy) {
-                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create copy of variant field type.");
-                       ret = -EINVAL;
-                       goto error;
-               }
-
-               BT_MOVE(untagged_variant_decl, variant_decl_copy);
        } else {
                struct ctf_node *entry_node;
 
                if (name) {
-                       struct bt_field_type *evariant_decl =
-                               ctx_decl_scope_lookup_struct(ctx->current_scope,
-                                       name, 1);
-
-                       if (evariant_decl) {
-                               BT_PUT(evariant_decl);
+                       if (ctx_decl_scope_lookup_variant(ctx->current_scope,
+                                       name, 1, false)) {
                                BT_LOGE("Variant field type already declared in local scope: "
                                        "name=\"variant %s\"", name);
                                ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -2032,19 +2017,9 @@ int visit_variant_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
                        }
                }
 
-               untagged_variant_decl = bt_field_type_variant_create(NULL,
-                       NULL);
-               if (!untagged_variant_decl) {
-                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create empty variant field type.");
-                       ret = -ENOMEM;
-                       goto error;
-               }
-
-               ret = ctx_push_scope(ctx);
-               if (ret) {
-                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot push scope.");
-                       goto error;
-               }
+               untagged_variant_decl = ctf_field_type_variant_create();
+               BT_ASSERT(untagged_variant_decl);
+               _TRY_PUSH_SCOPE_OR_GOTO_ERROR();
 
                bt_list_for_each_entry(entry_node, decl_list, siblings) {
                        ret = visit_variant_decl_entry(ctx, entry_node,
@@ -2077,7 +2052,8 @@ int visit_variant_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
         * return untagged variant.
         */
        if (!tag) {
-               BT_MOVE(*variant_decl, untagged_variant_decl);
+               *variant_decl = untagged_variant_decl;
+               untagged_variant_decl = NULL;
        } else {
                /*
                 * At this point, we have a fresh untagged variant; nobody
@@ -2091,44 +2067,54 @@ int visit_variant_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
                        goto error;
                }
 
-               ret = bt_field_type_variant_set_tag_name(
-                       untagged_variant_decl, tag_no_underscore);
+               g_string_assign(untagged_variant_decl->tag_ref,
+                       tag_no_underscore);
                free(tag_no_underscore);
-               if (ret) {
-                       BT_LOGE("Cannot set variant field type's tag name: "
-                               "tag-name=\"%s\"", tag);
-                       goto error;
-               }
-
-               BT_MOVE(*variant_decl, untagged_variant_decl);
+               *variant_decl = untagged_variant_decl;
+               untagged_variant_decl = NULL;
        }
 
        BT_ASSERT(!untagged_variant_decl);
        BT_ASSERT(*variant_decl);
-
        return 0;
 
 error:
-       BT_PUT(untagged_variant_decl);
-       BT_PUT(*variant_decl);
-
+       ctf_field_type_destroy((void *) untagged_variant_decl);
+       untagged_variant_decl = NULL;
+       ctf_field_type_destroy((void *) *variant_decl);
+       *variant_decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
+struct uori {
+       bool is_signed;
+       union {
+               uint64_t u;
+               uint64_t i;
+       } value;
+};
+
 static
 int visit_enum_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *enumerator,
-       struct bt_field_type *enum_decl, int64_t *last, bt_bool is_signed)
+               struct ctf_field_type_enum *enum_decl, struct uori *last)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        int nr_vals = 0;
        struct ctf_node *iter;
-       int64_t start = 0, end = 0;
+       struct uori start = {
+               .is_signed = false,
+               .value.u = 0,
+       };
+       struct uori end = {
+               .is_signed = false,
+               .value.u = 0,
+       };
        const char *label = enumerator->u.enumerator.id;
        const char *effective_label = label;
        struct bt_list_head *values = &enumerator->u.enumerator.values;
 
        bt_list_for_each_entry(iter, values, siblings) {
-               int64_t *target;
+               struct uori *target;
 
                if (iter->type != NODE_UNARY_EXPRESSION) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(iter,
@@ -2147,10 +2133,13 @@ int visit_enum_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *enumerator,
 
                switch (iter->u.unary_expression.type) {
                case UNARY_SIGNED_CONSTANT:
-                       *target = iter->u.unary_expression.u.signed_constant;
+                       target->is_signed = true;
+                       target->value.i =
+                               iter->u.unary_expression.u.signed_constant;
                        break;
                case UNARY_UNSIGNED_CONSTANT:
-                       *target = (int64_t)
+                       target->is_signed = false;
+                       target->value.u =
                                iter->u.unary_expression.u.unsigned_constant;
                        break;
                default:
@@ -2182,7 +2171,11 @@ int visit_enum_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *enumerator,
                end = start;
        }
 
-       *last = end + 1;
+       if (end.is_signed) {
+               last->value.i = end.value.i + 1;
+       } else {
+               last->value.u = end.value.u + 1;
+       }
 
        if (label[0] == '_') {
                /*
@@ -2196,23 +2189,8 @@ int visit_enum_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *enumerator,
                effective_label = &label[1];
        }
 
-       if (is_signed) {
-               ret = bt_field_type_enumeration_signed_add_mapping(enum_decl,
-                       effective_label, start, end);
-       } else {
-               ret = bt_field_type_enumeration_unsigned_add_mapping(enum_decl,
-                       effective_label, (uint64_t) start, (uint64_t) end);
-       }
-       if (ret) {
-               _BT_LOGE_NODE(enumerator,
-                       "Cannot add mapping to enumeration field type: "
-                       "label=\"%s\", ret=%d, "
-                       "start-value-unsigned=%" PRIu64 ", "
-                       "end-value-unsigned=%" PRIu64, label, ret,
-                       (uint64_t) start, (uint64_t) end);
-               goto error;
-       }
-
+       ctf_field_type_enum_append_mapping(enum_decl, effective_label,
+               start.value.u, end.value.u);
        return 0;
 
 error:
@@ -2221,21 +2199,19 @@ error:
 
 static
 int visit_enum_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
-       struct ctf_node *container_type,
-       struct bt_list_head *enumerator_list,
-       int has_body,
-       struct bt_field_type **enum_decl)
+               struct ctf_node *container_type,
+               struct bt_list_head *enumerator_list,
+               int has_body, struct ctf_field_type_enum **enum_decl)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        GQuark qdummy_id;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(integer_decl);
+       struct ctf_field_type_int *integer_decl = NULL;
 
+       BT_ASSERT(enum_decl);
        *enum_decl = NULL;
 
        /* For named enum (without body), lookup in declaration scope */
        if (!has_body) {
-               _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(enum_decl_copy);
-
                if (!name) {
                        BT_LOGE_STR("Bodyless enumeration field type: missing name.");
                        ret = -EPERM;
@@ -2243,35 +2219,23 @@ int visit_enum_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
                }
 
                *enum_decl = ctx_decl_scope_lookup_enum(ctx->current_scope,
-                       name, -1);
+                       name, -1, true);
                if (!*enum_decl) {
                        BT_LOGE("Cannot find enumeration field type: "
                                "name=\"enum %s\"", name);
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto error;
                }
-
-               /* Make a copy of it */
-               enum_decl_copy = bt_field_type_copy(*enum_decl);
-               if (!enum_decl_copy) {
-                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create copy of enumeration field type.");
-                       ret = -EINVAL;
-                       goto error;
-               }
-
-               BT_PUT(*enum_decl);
-               BT_MOVE(*enum_decl, enum_decl_copy);
        } else {
                struct ctf_node *iter;
-               int64_t last_value = 0;
+               struct uori last_value = {
+                       .is_signed = false,
+                       .value.u = 0,
+               };
 
                if (name) {
-                       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(eenum_decl);
-
-                       eenum_decl = ctx_decl_scope_lookup_enum(
-                               ctx->current_scope, name, 1);
-                       if (eenum_decl) {
-                               BT_PUT(eenum_decl);
+                       if (ctx_decl_scope_lookup_enum(ctx->current_scope,
+                                       name, 1, false)) {
                                BT_LOGE("Enumeration field type already declared in local scope: "
                                        "name=\"enum %s\"", name);
                                ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -2280,8 +2244,8 @@ int visit_enum_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
                }
 
                if (!container_type) {
-                       integer_decl = ctx_decl_scope_lookup_alias(
-                               ctx->current_scope, "int", -1);
+                       integer_decl = (void *) ctx_decl_scope_lookup_alias(
+                               ctx->current_scope, "int", -1, true);
                        if (!integer_decl) {
                                BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot find implicit `int` field type alias for enumeration field type.");
                                ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -2289,7 +2253,8 @@ int visit_enum_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
                        }
                } else {
                        ret = visit_type_declarator(ctx, container_type,
-                               &qdummy_id, NULL, &integer_decl, NULL);
+                               &qdummy_id, NULL, (void *) &integer_decl,
+                               NULL);
                        if (ret) {
                                BT_ASSERT(!integer_decl);
                                ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -2299,26 +2264,24 @@ int visit_enum_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
 
                BT_ASSERT(integer_decl);
 
-               if (!bt_field_type_is_integer(integer_decl)) {
+               if (integer_decl->base.base.id != CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_INT) {
                        BT_LOGE("Container field type for enumeration field type is not an integer field type: "
-                               "ft-id=%s",
-                               bt_common_field_type_id_string(
-                                       bt_field_type_get_type_id(integer_decl)));
+                               "ft-id=%d", integer_decl->base.base.id);
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto error;
                }
 
-               *enum_decl = bt_field_type_enumeration_create(integer_decl);
-               if (!*enum_decl) {
-                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create enumeration field type.");
-                       ret = -ENOMEM;
-                       goto error;
-               }
+               *enum_decl = ctf_field_type_enum_create();
+               BT_ASSERT(*enum_decl);
+               (*enum_decl)->base.base.base.alignment =
+                       integer_decl->base.base.alignment;
+               ctf_field_type_int_copy_content((void *) *enum_decl,
+                               (void *) integer_decl);
+               last_value.is_signed = (*enum_decl)->base.is_signed;
 
                bt_list_for_each_entry(iter, enumerator_list, siblings) {
                        ret = visit_enum_decl_entry(ctx, iter, *enum_decl,
-                               &last_value,
-                               bt_field_type_integer_is_signed(integer_decl));
+                               &last_value);
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(iter,
                                        "Cannot visit enumeration field type entry: "
@@ -2338,25 +2301,25 @@ int visit_enum_decl(struct ctx *ctx, const char *name,
                }
        }
 
-       BT_PUT(integer_decl);
-
-       return 0;
+       goto end;
 
 error:
-       BT_PUT(integer_decl);
-       BT_PUT(*enum_decl);
+       ctf_field_type_destroy((void *) *enum_decl);
+       *enum_decl = NULL;
 
+end:
+       ctf_field_type_destroy((void *) integer_decl);
+       integer_decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_type_specifier(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
-       struct bt_field_type **decl)
+               struct ctf_node *type_specifier_list,
+               struct ctf_field_type **decl)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        GString *str = NULL;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(decl_copy);
 
        *decl = NULL;
        str = g_string_new("");
@@ -2367,7 +2330,8 @@ int visit_type_specifier(struct ctx *ctx,
                goto error;
        }
 
-       *decl = ctx_decl_scope_lookup_alias(ctx->current_scope, str->str, -1);
+       *decl = ctx_decl_scope_lookup_alias(ctx->current_scope, str->str, -1,
+               true);
        if (!*decl) {
                _BT_LOGE_NODE(type_specifier_list,
                        "Cannot find type alias: name=\"%s\"", str->str);
@@ -2375,46 +2339,35 @@ int visit_type_specifier(struct ctx *ctx,
                goto error;
        }
 
-       /* Make a copy of the type declaration */
-       decl_copy = bt_field_type_copy(*decl);
-       if (!decl_copy) {
-               _BT_LOGE_NODE(type_specifier_list,
-                       "Cannot create field type copy.");
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto error;
-       }
-
-       BT_MOVE(*decl, decl_copy);
-       (void) g_string_free(str, TRUE);
-       str = NULL;
-
-       return 0;
+       goto end;
 
 error:
+       ctf_field_type_destroy(*decl);
+       *decl = NULL;
+
+end:
        if (str) {
-               (void) g_string_free(str, TRUE);
+               g_string_free(str, TRUE);
        }
 
-       BT_PUT(*decl);
-
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_integer_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct bt_list_head *expressions,
-       struct bt_field_type **integer_decl)
+               struct bt_list_head *expressions,
+               struct ctf_field_type_int **integer_decl)
 {
        int set = 0;
        int ret = 0;
-       bt_bool signedness = 0;
+       int signedness = 0;
        struct ctf_node *expression;
        uint64_t alignment = 0, size = 0;
-       struct bt_clock_class *mapped_clock = NULL;
-       enum bt_string_encoding encoding = BT_STRING_ENCODING_NONE;
-       enum bt_integer_base base = BT_INTEGER_BASE_DECIMAL;
-       enum bt_byte_order byte_order =
-               bt_trace_get_native_byte_order(ctx->trace);
+       struct bt_clock_class *mapped_clock_class = NULL;
+       enum ctf_encoding encoding = CTF_ENCODING_NONE;
+       enum bt_field_type_integer_preferred_display_base base =
+               BT_FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER_PREFERRED_DISPLAY_BASE_DECIMAL;
+       enum ctf_byte_order byte_order = ctx->ctf_tc->default_byte_order;
 
        *integer_decl = NULL;
 
@@ -2463,7 +2416,7 @@ int visit_integer_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
                        }
 
                        byte_order = get_real_byte_order(ctx, right);
-                       if (byte_order == BT_BYTE_ORDER_UNKNOWN) {
+                       if (byte_order == -1) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(right,
                                        "Invalid `byte_order` attribute in integer field type: "
                                        "ret=%d", ret);
@@ -2557,16 +2510,16 @@ int visit_integer_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
 
                                switch (constant) {
                                case 2:
-                                       base = BT_INTEGER_BASE_BINARY;
+                                       base = BT_FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER_PREFERRED_DISPLAY_BASE_BINARY;
                                        break;
                                case 8:
-                                       base = BT_INTEGER_BASE_OCTAL;
+                                       base = BT_FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER_PREFERRED_DISPLAY_BASE_OCTAL;
                                        break;
                                case 10:
-                                       base = BT_INTEGER_BASE_DECIMAL;
+                                       base = BT_FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER_PREFERRED_DISPLAY_BASE_DECIMAL;
                                        break;
                                case 16:
-                                       base = BT_INTEGER_BASE_HEXADECIMAL;
+                                       base = BT_FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER_PREFERRED_DISPLAY_BASE_HEXADECIMAL;
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(right,
@@ -2594,20 +2547,20 @@ int visit_integer_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
                                                !strcmp(s_right, "d") ||
                                                !strcmp(s_right, "i") ||
                                                !strcmp(s_right, "u")) {
-                                       base = BT_INTEGER_BASE_DECIMAL;
+                                       base = BT_FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER_PREFERRED_DISPLAY_BASE_DECIMAL;
                                } else if (!strcmp(s_right, "hexadecimal") ||
                                                !strcmp(s_right, "hex") ||
                                                !strcmp(s_right, "x") ||
                                                !strcmp(s_right, "X") ||
                                                !strcmp(s_right, "p")) {
-                                       base = BT_INTEGER_BASE_HEXADECIMAL;
+                                       base = BT_FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER_PREFERRED_DISPLAY_BASE_HEXADECIMAL;
                                } else if (!strcmp(s_right, "octal") ||
                                                !strcmp(s_right, "oct") ||
                                                !strcmp(s_right, "o")) {
-                                       base = BT_INTEGER_BASE_OCTAL;
+                                       base = BT_FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER_PREFERRED_DISPLAY_BASE_OCTAL;
                                } else if (!strcmp(s_right, "binary") ||
                                                !strcmp(s_right, "b")) {
-                                       base = BT_INTEGER_BASE_BINARY;
+                                       base = BT_FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER_PREFERRED_DISPLAY_BASE_BINARY;
                                } else {
                                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(right,
                                                "Unexpected unary expression for integer field type's `base` attribute: "
@@ -2660,13 +2613,12 @@ int visit_integer_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
                        if (!strcmp(s_right, "UTF8") ||
                                        !strcmp(s_right, "utf8") ||
                                        !strcmp(s_right, "utf-8") ||
-                                       !strcmp(s_right, "UTF-8")) {
-                               encoding = BT_STRING_ENCODING_UTF8;
-                       } else if (!strcmp(s_right, "ASCII") ||
+                                       !strcmp(s_right, "UTF-8") ||
+                                       !strcmp(s_right, "ASCII") ||
                                        !strcmp(s_right, "ascii")) {
-                               encoding = BT_STRING_ENCODING_ASCII;
+                               encoding = CTF_ENCODING_UTF8;
                        } else if (!strcmp(s_right, "none")) {
-                               encoding = BT_STRING_ENCODING_NONE;
+                               encoding = CTF_ENCODING_NONE;
                        } else {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(right,
                                        "Invalid `encoding` attribute in integer field type: "
@@ -2720,9 +2672,10 @@ int visit_integer_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
                                continue;
                        }
 
-                       mapped_clock = bt_trace_get_clock_class_by_name(
-                               ctx->trace, clock_name);
-                       if (!mapped_clock) {
+                       mapped_clock_class =
+                               ctf_trace_class_borrow_clock_class_by_name(
+                                       ctx->ctf_tc, clock_name);
+                       if (!mapped_clock_class) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(right,
                                        "Invalid `map` attribute in integer field type: "
                                        "cannot find clock class at this point: name=\"%s\"",
@@ -2756,57 +2709,33 @@ int visit_integer_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
                }
        }
 
-       *integer_decl = bt_field_type_integer_create((unsigned int) size);
-       if (!*integer_decl) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create integer field type.");
-               ret = -ENOMEM;
-               goto error;
-       }
-
-       ret = bt_field_type_integer_set_is_signed(*integer_decl, signedness);
-       ret |= bt_field_type_integer_set_base(*integer_decl, base);
-       ret |= bt_field_type_integer_set_encoding(*integer_decl, encoding);
-       ret |= bt_field_type_set_alignment(*integer_decl,
-               (unsigned int) alignment);
-       ret |= bt_field_type_set_byte_order(*integer_decl, byte_order);
-
-       if (mapped_clock) {
-               /* Move clock */
-               ret |= bt_field_type_integer_set_mapped_clock_class(
-                       *integer_decl, mapped_clock);
-               bt_put(mapped_clock);
-               mapped_clock = NULL;
-       }
-
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot configure integer field type.");
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto error;
-       }
-
+       *integer_decl = ctf_field_type_int_create();
+       BT_ASSERT(*integer_decl);
+       (*integer_decl)->base.base.alignment = alignment;
+       (*integer_decl)->base.byte_order = byte_order;
+       (*integer_decl)->base.size = size;
+       (*integer_decl)->is_signed = (signedness > 0);
+       (*integer_decl)->disp_base = base;
+       (*integer_decl)->encoding = encoding;
+       (*integer_decl)->mapped_clock_class = bt_get(mapped_clock_class);
        return 0;
 
 error:
-       if (mapped_clock) {
-               bt_put(mapped_clock);
-       }
-
-       BT_PUT(*integer_decl);
-
+       ctf_field_type_destroy((void *) *integer_decl);
+       *integer_decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_floating_point_number_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct bt_list_head *expressions,
-       struct bt_field_type **float_decl)
+               struct bt_list_head *expressions,
+               struct ctf_field_type_float **float_decl)
 {
        int set = 0;
        int ret = 0;
        struct ctf_node *expression;
        uint64_t alignment = 1, exp_dig = 0, mant_dig = 0;
-       enum bt_byte_order byte_order =
-               bt_trace_get_native_byte_order(ctx->trace);
+       enum ctf_byte_order byte_order = ctx->ctf_tc->default_byte_order;
 
        *float_decl = NULL;
 
@@ -2836,7 +2765,7 @@ int visit_floating_point_number_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
                        }
 
                        byte_order = get_real_byte_order(ctx, right);
-                       if (byte_order == BT_BYTE_ORDER_UNKNOWN) {
+                       if (byte_order == -1) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(right,
                                        "Invalid `byte_order` attribute in floating point number field type: "
                                        "ret=%d", ret);
@@ -2943,6 +2872,24 @@ int visit_floating_point_number_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
                goto error;
        }
 
+       if (mant_dig != 24 && mant_dig != 53) {
+               BT_LOGE_STR("`mant_dig` attribute: expecting 24 or 53.");
+               ret = -EPERM;
+               goto error;
+       }
+
+       if (mant_dig == 24 && exp_dig != 8) {
+               BT_LOGE_STR("`exp_dig` attribute: expecting 8 because `mant_dig` is 24.");
+               ret = -EPERM;
+               goto error;
+       }
+
+       if (mant_dig == 53 && exp_dig != 11) {
+               BT_LOGE_STR("`exp_dig` attribute: expecting 11 because `mant_dig` is 53.");
+               ret = -EPERM;
+               goto error;
+       }
+
        if (!_IS_SET(&set, _INTEGER_ALIGN_SET)) {
                if ((mant_dig + exp_dig) % CHAR_BIT) {
                        /* Bit-packed alignment */
@@ -2953,42 +2900,28 @@ int visit_floating_point_number_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
                }
        }
 
-       *float_decl = bt_field_type_floating_point_create();
-       if (!*float_decl) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create floating point number field type.");
-               ret = -ENOMEM;
-               goto error;
-       }
-
-       ret = bt_field_type_floating_point_set_exponent_digits(
-               *float_decl, exp_dig);
-       ret |= bt_field_type_floating_point_set_mantissa_digits(
-               *float_decl, mant_dig);
-       ret |= bt_field_type_set_byte_order(*float_decl, byte_order);
-       ret |= bt_field_type_set_alignment(*float_decl, alignment);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot configure floating point number field type.");
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto error;
-       }
-
+       *float_decl = ctf_field_type_float_create();
+       BT_ASSERT(*float_decl);
+       (*float_decl)->base.base.alignment = alignment;
+       (*float_decl)->base.byte_order = byte_order;
+       (*float_decl)->base.size = mant_dig + exp_dig;
        return 0;
 
 error:
-       BT_PUT(*float_decl);
-
+       ctf_field_type_destroy((void *) *float_decl);
+       *float_decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_string_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct bt_list_head *expressions,
-       struct bt_field_type **string_decl)
+               struct bt_list_head *expressions,
+               struct ctf_field_type_string **string_decl)
 {
        int set = 0;
        int ret = 0;
        struct ctf_node *expression;
-       enum bt_string_encoding encoding = BT_STRING_ENCODING_UTF8;
+       enum ctf_encoding encoding = CTF_ENCODING_UTF8;
 
        *string_decl = NULL;
 
@@ -3039,13 +2972,12 @@ int visit_string_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
                        if (!strcmp(s_right, "UTF8") ||
                                        !strcmp(s_right, "utf8") ||
                                        !strcmp(s_right, "utf-8") ||
-                                       !strcmp(s_right, "UTF-8")) {
-                               encoding = BT_STRING_ENCODING_UTF8;
-                       } else if (!strcmp(s_right, "ASCII") ||
+                                       !strcmp(s_right, "UTF-8") ||
+                                       !strcmp(s_right, "ASCII") ||
                                        !strcmp(s_right, "ascii")) {
-                               encoding = BT_STRING_ENCODING_ASCII;
+                               encoding = CTF_ENCODING_UTF8;
                        } else if (!strcmp(s_right, "none")) {
-                               encoding = BT_STRING_ENCODING_NONE;
+                               encoding = CTF_ENCODING_NONE;
                        } else {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(right,
                                        "Invalid `encoding` attribute in string field type: "
@@ -3066,32 +2998,20 @@ int visit_string_decl(struct ctx *ctx,
                }
        }
 
-       *string_decl = bt_field_type_string_create();
-       if (!*string_decl) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create string field type.");
-               ret = -ENOMEM;
-               goto error;
-       }
-
-       ret = bt_field_type_string_set_encoding(*string_decl, encoding);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot configure string field type.");
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto error;
-       }
-
+       *string_decl = ctf_field_type_string_create();
+       BT_ASSERT(*string_decl);
+       (*string_decl)->encoding = encoding;
        return 0;
 
 error:
-       BT_PUT(*string_decl);
-
+       ctf_field_type_destroy((void *) *string_decl);
+       *string_decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_type_specifier_list(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct ctf_node *ts_list,
-       struct bt_field_type **decl)
+               struct ctf_node *ts_list, struct ctf_field_type **decl)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        struct ctf_node *first, *node;
@@ -3119,7 +3039,7 @@ int visit_type_specifier_list(struct ctx *ctx,
        switch (first->u.type_specifier.type) {
        case TYPESPEC_INTEGER:
                ret = visit_integer_decl(ctx, &node->u.integer.expressions,
-                       decl);
+                       (void *) decl);
                if (ret) {
                        BT_ASSERT(!*decl);
                        goto error;
@@ -3127,7 +3047,7 @@ int visit_type_specifier_list(struct ctx *ctx,
                break;
        case TYPESPEC_FLOATING_POINT:
                ret = visit_floating_point_number_decl(ctx,
-                       &node->u.floating_point.expressions, decl);
+                       &node->u.floating_point.expressions, (void *) decl);
                if (ret) {
                        BT_ASSERT(!*decl);
                        goto error;
@@ -3135,7 +3055,7 @@ int visit_type_specifier_list(struct ctx *ctx,
                break;
        case TYPESPEC_STRING:
                ret = visit_string_decl(ctx,
-                       &node->u.string.expressions, decl);
+                       &node->u.string.expressions, (void *) decl);
                if (ret) {
                        BT_ASSERT(!*decl);
                        goto error;
@@ -3145,7 +3065,7 @@ int visit_type_specifier_list(struct ctx *ctx,
                ret = visit_struct_decl(ctx, node->u._struct.name,
                        &node->u._struct.declaration_list,
                        node->u._struct.has_body,
-                       &node->u._struct.min_align, decl);
+                       &node->u._struct.min_align, (void *) decl);
                if (ret) {
                        BT_ASSERT(!*decl);
                        goto error;
@@ -3155,7 +3075,7 @@ int visit_type_specifier_list(struct ctx *ctx,
                ret = visit_variant_decl(ctx, node->u.variant.name,
                        node->u.variant.choice,
                        &node->u.variant.declaration_list,
-                       node->u.variant.has_body, decl);
+                       node->u.variant.has_body, (void *) decl);
                if (ret) {
                        BT_ASSERT(!*decl);
                        goto error;
@@ -3165,7 +3085,7 @@ int visit_type_specifier_list(struct ctx *ctx,
                ret = visit_enum_decl(ctx, node->u._enum.enum_id,
                        node->u._enum.container_type,
                        &node->u._enum.enumerator_list,
-                       node->u._enum.has_body, decl);
+                       node->u._enum.has_body, (void *) decl);
                if (ret) {
                        BT_ASSERT(!*decl);
                        goto error;
@@ -3203,23 +3123,21 @@ int visit_type_specifier_list(struct ctx *ctx,
        }
 
        BT_ASSERT(*decl);
-
        return 0;
 
 error:
-       BT_PUT(*decl);
-
+       ctf_field_type_destroy((void *) *decl);
+       *decl = NULL;
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_event_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
-       struct bt_event_class *event_class, int64_t *stream_id,
-       int *set)
+               struct ctf_event_class *event_class, uint64_t *stream_id,
+               int *set)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        char *left = NULL;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(decl);
 
        switch (node->type) {
        case NODE_TYPEDEF:
@@ -3252,8 +3170,7 @@ int visit_event_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                if (!strcmp(left, "name")) {
                        /* This is already known at this stage */
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _EVENT_NAME_SET)) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(node, "name",
-                                       "event class");
+                               _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(node, "name", "event class");
                                ret = -EPERM;
                                goto error;
                        }
@@ -3263,8 +3180,7 @@ int visit_event_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                        int64_t id = -1;
 
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _EVENT_ID_SET)) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(node, "id",
-                                       "event class");
+                               _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(node, "id", "event class");
                                ret = -EPERM;
                                goto error;
                        }
@@ -3279,14 +3195,7 @@ int visit_event_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       ret = bt_event_class_set_id(event_class, id);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                       "Cannot set event class's ID: "
-                                       "id=%" PRId64, id);
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
+                       event_class->id = id;
                        _SET(set, _EVENT_ID_SET);
                } else if (!strcmp(left, "stream_id")) {
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _EVENT_STREAM_ID_SET)) {
@@ -3297,7 +3206,8 @@ int visit_event_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                        }
 
                        ret = get_unary_unsigned(&node->u.ctf_expression.right,
-                               (uint64_t *) stream_id);
+                               stream_id);
+
                        /*
                         * Only read "stream_id" if get_unary_unsigned()
                         * succeeded.
@@ -3322,23 +3232,14 @@ int visit_event_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                                _BT_LIST_FIRST_ENTRY(
                                        &node->u.ctf_expression.right,
                                        struct ctf_node, siblings),
-                               &decl);
+                               &event_class->spec_context_ft);
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Cannot create event class's context field type.");
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       BT_ASSERT(decl);
-                       ret = bt_event_class_set_context_field_type(
-                               event_class, decl);
-                       BT_PUT(decl);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                       "Cannot set event class's context field type.");
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
+                       BT_ASSERT(event_class->spec_context_ft);
                        _SET(set, _EVENT_CONTEXT_SET);
                } else if (!strcmp(left, "fields")) {
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _EVENT_FIELDS_SET)) {
@@ -3352,30 +3253,20 @@ int visit_event_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                                _BT_LIST_FIRST_ENTRY(
                                        &node->u.ctf_expression.right,
                                        struct ctf_node, siblings),
-                               &decl);
+                               &event_class->payload_ft);
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Cannot create event class's payload field type.");
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       BT_ASSERT(decl);
-                       ret = bt_event_class_set_payload_field_type(
-                               event_class, decl);
-                       BT_PUT(decl);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                       "Cannot set event class's payload field type.");
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
+                       BT_ASSERT(event_class->payload_ft);
                        _SET(set, _EVENT_FIELDS_SET);
                } else if (!strcmp(left, "loglevel")) {
                        uint64_t loglevel_value;
-                       enum bt_event_class_log_level log_level =
-                               BT_EVENT_CLASS_LOG_LEVEL_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       enum bt_event_class_log_level log_level = -1;
 
-                       if (_IS_SET(set, _EVENT_LOGLEVEL_SET)) {
+                       if (_IS_SET(set, _EVENT_LOG_LEVEL_SET)) {
                                _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(node, "loglevel",
                                        "event class");
                                ret = -EPERM;
@@ -3442,17 +3333,11 @@ int visit_event_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                                        "log-level=%" PRIu64, loglevel_value);
                        }
 
-                       if (log_level != BT_EVENT_CLASS_LOG_LEVEL_UNSPECIFIED) {
-                               ret = bt_event_class_set_log_level(
-                                       event_class, log_level);
-                               if (ret) {
-                                       _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                               "Cannot set event class's log level.");
-                                       goto error;
-                               }
+                       if (log_level != -1) {
+                               event_class->log_level = log_level;
                        }
 
-                       _SET(set, _EVENT_LOGLEVEL_SET);
+                       _SET(set, _EVENT_LOG_LEVEL_SET);
                } else if (!strcmp(left, "model.emf.uri")) {
                        char *right;
 
@@ -3476,13 +3361,8 @@ int visit_event_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                                _BT_LOGW_NODE(node,
                                        "Not setting event class's EMF URI because it's empty.");
                        } else {
-                               ret = bt_event_class_set_emf_uri(
-                                       event_class, right);
-                               if (ret) {
-                                       _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                               "Cannot set event class's EMF URI.");
-                                       goto error;
-                               }
+                               g_string_assign(event_class->emf_uri,
+                                       right);
                        }
 
                        g_free(right);
@@ -3502,15 +3382,14 @@ int visit_event_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                goto error;
        }
 
-       return 0;
+       goto end;
 
 error:
        if (left) {
                g_free(left);
        }
 
-       BT_PUT(decl);
-
+end:
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -3556,93 +3435,6 @@ char *get_event_decl_name(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
 
 error:
        g_free(left);
-
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-static
-int reset_event_decl_types(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct bt_event_class *event_class)
-{
-       int ret = 0;
-
-       /* Context type. */
-       ret = bt_event_class_set_context_field_type(event_class, NULL);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE("Cannot reset initial event class's context field type: "
-                       "event-name=\"%s\"",
-                       bt_event_class_get_name(event_class));
-               goto end;
-       }
-
-       /* Event payload. */
-       ret = bt_event_class_set_payload_field_type(event_class, NULL);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE("Cannot reset initial event class's payload field type: "
-                       "event-name=\"%s\"",
-                       bt_event_class_get_name(event_class));
-               goto end;
-       }
-end:
-       return ret;
-}
-
-static
-int reset_stream_decl_types(struct ctx *ctx,
-       struct bt_stream_class *stream_class)
-{
-       int ret = 0;
-
-       /* Packet context. */
-       ret = bt_stream_class_set_packet_context_field_type(stream_class, NULL);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot reset initial stream class's packet context field type.");
-               goto end;
-       }
-
-       /* Event header. */
-       ret = bt_stream_class_set_event_header_field_type(stream_class, NULL);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot reset initial stream class's event header field type.");
-               goto end;
-       }
-
-       /* Event context. */
-       ret = bt_stream_class_set_event_context_field_type(stream_class, NULL);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot reset initial stream class's event context field type.");
-               goto end;
-       }
-end:
-       return ret;
-}
-
-static
-struct bt_stream_class *create_reset_stream_class(struct ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int ret;
-       struct bt_stream_class *stream_class;
-
-       stream_class = bt_stream_class_create(NULL);
-       if (!stream_class) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create empty stream class.");
-               goto error;
-       }
-
-       /*
-        * Set packet context, event header, and event context to NULL to
-        * override the default ones.
-        */
-       ret = reset_stream_decl_types(ctx, stream_class);
-       if (ret) {
-               goto error;
-       }
-
-       return stream_class;
-
-error:
-       BT_PUT(stream_class);
-
        return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -3651,13 +3443,11 @@ int visit_event_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        int set = 0;
-       int64_t event_id;
        struct ctf_node *iter;
-       int64_t stream_id = -1;
+       uint64_t stream_id = 0;
        char *event_name = NULL;
-       struct bt_event_class *event_class = NULL;
-       struct bt_event_class *eevent_class;
-       struct bt_stream_class *stream_class = NULL;
+       struct ctf_event_class *event_class = NULL;
+       struct ctf_stream_class *stream_class = NULL;
        struct bt_list_head *decl_list = &node->u.event.declaration_list;
        bool pop_scope = false;
 
@@ -3674,25 +3464,10 @@ int visit_event_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
                goto error;
        }
 
-       event_class = bt_event_class_create(event_name);
-
-       /*
-        * Unset context and fields to override the default ones.
-        */
-       ret = reset_event_decl_types(ctx, event_class);
-       if (ret) {
-               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                       "Cannot reset event class's field types: "
-                       "ret=%d", ret);
-               goto error;
-       }
-
-       ret = ctx_push_scope(ctx);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot push scope.");
-               goto error;
-       }
-
+       event_class = ctf_event_class_create();
+       BT_ASSERT(event_class);
+       g_string_assign(event_class->name, event_name);
+       _TRY_PUSH_SCOPE_OR_GOTO_ERROR();
        pop_scope = true;
 
        bt_list_for_each_entry(iter, decl_list, siblings) {
@@ -3706,71 +3481,25 @@ int visit_event_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
        }
 
        if (!_IS_SET(&set, _EVENT_STREAM_ID_SET)) {
-               GList *keys = NULL;
-               int64_t *new_stream_id;
-               struct bt_stream_class *new_stream_class;
-               size_t stream_class_count =
-                       g_hash_table_size(ctx->stream_classes) +
-                       bt_trace_get_stream_class_count(ctx->trace);
-
                /*
                 * Allow missing stream_id if there is only a single
                 * stream class.
                 */
-               switch (stream_class_count) {
+               switch (ctx->ctf_tc->stream_classes->len) {
                case 0:
                        /* Create implicit stream class if there's none */
                        stream_id = 0;
-                       new_stream_class = create_reset_stream_class(ctx);
-                       if (!new_stream_class) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                       "Cannot create empty stream class.");
-                               ret = -EINVAL;
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
-                       ret = bt_stream_class_set_id(new_stream_class,
-                               stream_id);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                       "Cannot set stream class's ID: "
-                                       "id=0, ret=%d", ret);
-                               BT_PUT(new_stream_class);
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
-                       new_stream_id = g_new0(int64_t, 1);
-                       if (!new_stream_id) {
-                               BT_LOGE_STR("Failed to allocate a int64_t.");
-                               ret = -ENOMEM;
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
-                       *new_stream_id = stream_id;
-
-                       /* Move reference to visitor's context */
-                       g_hash_table_insert(ctx->stream_classes,
-                               new_stream_id, new_stream_class);
-                       new_stream_id = NULL;
-                       new_stream_class = NULL;
+                       stream_class = ctf_stream_class_create();
+                       BT_ASSERT(stream_class);
+                       stream_class->id = stream_id;
+                       g_ptr_array_add(ctx->ctf_tc->stream_classes,
+                               stream_class);
+                       stream_class = stream_class;
                        break;
                case 1:
                        /* Single stream class: get its ID */
-                       if (g_hash_table_size(ctx->stream_classes) == 1) {
-                               keys = g_hash_table_get_keys(ctx->stream_classes);
-                               stream_id = *((int64_t *) keys->data);
-                               g_list_free(keys);
-                       } else {
-                               BT_ASSERT(bt_trace_get_stream_class_count(
-                                       ctx->trace) == 1);
-                               stream_class =
-                                       bt_trace_get_stream_class_by_index(
-                                               ctx->trace, 0);
-                               BT_ASSERT(stream_class);
-                               stream_id = bt_stream_class_get_id(
-                                       stream_class);
-                               BT_PUT(stream_class);
-                       }
+                       stream_class = ctx->ctf_tc->stream_classes->pdata[0];
+                       stream_id = stream_class->id;
                        break;
                default:
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
@@ -3780,14 +3509,10 @@ int visit_event_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
                }
        }
 
-       BT_ASSERT(stream_id >= 0);
-
        /* We have the stream ID now; get the stream class if found */
-       stream_class = g_hash_table_lookup(ctx->stream_classes, &stream_id);
-       bt_get(stream_class);
        if (!stream_class) {
-               stream_class = bt_trace_get_stream_class_by_id(ctx->trace,
-                       stream_id);
+               stream_class = ctf_trace_class_borrow_stream_class_by_id(
+                       ctx->ctf_tc, stream_id);
                if (!stream_class) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                "Cannot find stream class at this point: "
@@ -3801,8 +3526,7 @@ int visit_event_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
 
        if (!_IS_SET(&set, _EVENT_ID_SET)) {
                /* Allow only one event without ID per stream */
-               if (bt_stream_class_get_event_class_count(stream_class) !=
-                               0) {
+               if (stream_class->event_classes->len != 0) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                "Missing `id` attribute in event class.");
                        ret = -EPERM;
@@ -3810,114 +3534,97 @@ int visit_event_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
                }
 
                /* Automatic ID */
-               ret = bt_event_class_set_id(event_class, 0);
-               if (ret) {
-                       _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                               "Cannot set event class's ID: id=0, ret=%d",
-                               ret);
-                       goto error;
-               }
+               event_class->id = 0;
        }
 
-       event_id = bt_event_class_get_id(event_class);
-       if (event_id < 0) {
-               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node, "Cannot get event class's ID.");
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto error;
-       }
-
-       eevent_class = bt_stream_class_get_event_class_by_id(stream_class,
-               event_id);
-       if (eevent_class) {
-               BT_PUT(eevent_class);
+       if (ctf_stream_class_borrow_event_class_by_id(stream_class,
+                       event_class->id)) {
                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                        "Duplicate event class (same ID) in the same stream class: "
-                       "id=%" PRId64, event_id);
+                       "id=%" PRId64, event_class->id);
                ret = -EEXIST;
                goto error;
        }
 
-       ret = bt_stream_class_add_event_class(stream_class, event_class);
-       BT_PUT(event_class);
-       if (ret) {
-               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                       "Cannot add event class to stream class: ret=%d", ret);
-               goto error;
-       }
-
+       ctf_stream_class_append_event_class(stream_class, event_class);
+       event_class = NULL;
        goto end;
 
 error:
-       bt_put(event_class);
+       ctf_event_class_destroy(event_class);
+       event_class = NULL;
+
+       if (ret >= 0) {
+               ret = -1;
+       }
 
 end:
        if (pop_scope) {
                ctx_pop_scope(ctx);
        }
 
-       g_free(event_name);
-       bt_put(stream_class);
+       if (event_name) {
+               g_free(event_name);
+       }
+
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int auto_map_field_to_trace_clock_class(struct ctx *ctx,
-               struct bt_field_type *ft)
+               struct ctf_field_type *ft)
 {
        struct bt_clock_class *clock_class_to_map_to = NULL;
-       struct bt_clock_class *mapped_clock_class = NULL;
+       struct ctf_field_type_int *int_ft = (void *) ft;
        int ret = 0;
-       int64_t clock_class_count;
+       uint64_t clock_class_count;
+
+       if (!ft) {
+               goto end;
+       }
 
-       if (!ft || !bt_field_type_is_integer(ft)) {
+       if (ft->id != CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_INT &&
+                       ft->id != CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_ENUM) {
                goto end;
        }
 
-       mapped_clock_class =
-               bt_field_type_integer_get_mapped_clock_class(ft);
-       if (mapped_clock_class) {
+       if (int_ft->mapped_clock_class) {
+               /* Already mapped */
                goto end;
        }
 
-       clock_class_count = bt_trace_get_clock_class_count(ctx->trace);
-       BT_ASSERT(clock_class_count >= 0);
+       clock_class_count = ctx->ctf_tc->clock_classes->len;
 
        switch (clock_class_count) {
        case 0:
                /*
-                * No clock class exists in the trace at this
-                * point. Create an implicit one at 1 GHz,
-                * named `default`, and use this clock class.
+                * No clock class exists in the trace at this point. Create an
+                * implicit one at 1 GHz, named `default`, and use this clock
+                * class.
                 */
-               clock_class_to_map_to = bt_clock_class_create("default",
-                       1000000000);
-               if (!clock_class_to_map_to) {
-                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create a clock class.");
-                       ret = -1;
-                       goto end;
-               }
-
-               ret = bt_trace_add_clock_class(ctx->trace,
-                       clock_class_to_map_to);
-               if (ret) {
-                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot add clock class to trace.");
-                       goto end;
-               }
+               clock_class_to_map_to = bt_clock_class_create();
+               BT_ASSERT(clock_class_to_map_to);
+               ret = bt_clock_class_set_frequency(clock_class_to_map_to,
+                       UINT64_C(1000000000));
+               BT_ASSERT(ret == 0);
+               ret = bt_clock_class_set_name(clock_class_to_map_to,
+                       "default");
+               BT_ASSERT(ret == 0);
+               g_ptr_array_add(ctx->ctf_tc->clock_classes,
+                       bt_get(clock_class_to_map_to));
                break;
        case 1:
                /*
-                * Only one clock class exists in the trace at
-                * this point: use this one.
+                * Only one clock class exists in the trace at this point: use
+                * this one.
                 */
                clock_class_to_map_to =
-                       bt_trace_get_clock_class_by_index(ctx->trace, 0);
-               BT_ASSERT(clock_class_to_map_to);
+                       bt_get(ctx->ctf_tc->clock_classes->pdata[0]);
                break;
        default:
                /*
-                * Timestamp field not mapped to a clock class
-                * and there's more than one clock class in the
-                * trace: this is an error.
+                * Timestamp field not mapped to a clock class and there's more
+                * than one clock class in the trace: this is an error.
                 */
                BT_LOGE_STR("Timestamp field found with no mapped clock class, "
                        "but there's more than one clock class in the trace at this point.");
@@ -3926,76 +3633,64 @@ int auto_map_field_to_trace_clock_class(struct ctx *ctx,
        }
 
        BT_ASSERT(clock_class_to_map_to);
-       ret = bt_field_type_integer_set_mapped_clock_class(ft,
-               clock_class_to_map_to);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE("Cannot map field type's field to trace's clock class: "
-                       "clock-class-name=\"%s\", ret=%d",
-                       bt_clock_class_get_name(clock_class_to_map_to),
-                       ret);
-               goto end;
-       }
+       int_ft->mapped_clock_class = bt_get(clock_class_to_map_to);
 
 end:
        bt_put(clock_class_to_map_to);
-       bt_put(mapped_clock_class);
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int auto_map_fields_to_trace_clock_class(struct ctx *ctx,
-               struct bt_field_type *root_ft, const char *field_name)
+               struct ctf_field_type *root_ft, const char *field_name)
 {
        int ret = 0;
-       int64_t i, count;
+       uint64_t i, count;
+       struct ctf_field_type_struct *struct_ft = (void *) root_ft;
+       struct ctf_field_type_variant *var_ft = (void *) root_ft;
 
        if (!root_ft) {
                goto end;
        }
 
-       if (!bt_field_type_is_structure(root_ft) &&
-                       !bt_field_type_is_variant(root_ft)) {
+       if (root_ft->id != CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_STRUCT &&
+                       root_ft->id != CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_VARIANT) {
                goto end;
        }
 
-       if (bt_field_type_is_structure(root_ft)) {
-               count = bt_field_type_structure_get_field_count(root_ft);
+       if (root_ft->id == CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_STRUCT) {
+               count = struct_ft->members->len;
        } else {
-               count = bt_field_type_variant_get_field_count(root_ft);
+               count = var_ft->options->len;
        }
 
-       BT_ASSERT(count >= 0);
-
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-               _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(ft);
-               const char *name;
+               struct ctf_named_field_type *named_ft = NULL;
 
-               if (bt_field_type_is_structure(root_ft)) {
-                       ret = bt_field_type_structure_get_field_by_index(
-                               root_ft, &name, &ft, i);
-               } else if (bt_field_type_is_variant(root_ft)) {
-                       ret = bt_field_type_variant_get_field_by_index(
-                               root_ft, &name, &ft, i);
+               if (root_ft->id == CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_STRUCT) {
+                       named_ft = ctf_field_type_struct_borrow_member_by_index(
+                               struct_ft, i);
+               } else if (root_ft->id == CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_VARIANT) {
+                       named_ft = ctf_field_type_variant_borrow_option_by_index(
+                               var_ft, i);
                }
 
-               BT_ASSERT(ret == 0);
-
-               if (strcmp(name, field_name) == 0) {
-                       ret = auto_map_field_to_trace_clock_class(ctx, ft);
+               if (strcmp(named_ft->name->str, field_name) == 0) {
+                       ret = auto_map_field_to_trace_clock_class(ctx,
+                               named_ft->ft);
                        if (ret) {
                                BT_LOGE("Cannot automatically map field to trace's clock class: "
                                        "field-name=\"%s\"", field_name);
-                               bt_put(ft);
                                goto end;
                        }
                }
 
-               ret = auto_map_fields_to_trace_clock_class(ctx, ft, field_name);
-               bt_put(ft);
+               ret = auto_map_fields_to_trace_clock_class(ctx, named_ft->ft,
+                       field_name);
                if (ret) {
                        BT_LOGE("Cannot automatically map structure or variant field type's fields to trace's clock class: "
                                "field-name=\"%s\", root-field-name=\"%s\"",
-                               field_name, name);
+                               field_name, named_ft->name->str);
                        goto end;
                }
        }
@@ -4006,11 +3701,10 @@ end:
 
 static
 int visit_stream_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
-       struct bt_stream_class *stream_class, int *set)
+               struct ctf_stream_class *stream_class, int *set)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        char *left = NULL;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(decl);
 
        switch (node->type) {
        case NODE_TYPEDEF:
@@ -4042,7 +3736,6 @@ int visit_stream_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
 
                if (!strcmp(left, "id")) {
                        int64_t id;
-                       gpointer ptr;
 
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _STREAM_ID_SET)) {
                                _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(node, "id",
@@ -4053,6 +3746,7 @@ int visit_stream_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
 
                        ret = get_unary_unsigned(&node->u.ctf_expression.right,
                                (uint64_t *) &id);
+
                        /* Only read "id" if get_unary_unsigned() succeeded. */
                        if (ret || (!ret && id < 0)) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
@@ -4061,8 +3755,8 @@ int visit_stream_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       ptr = g_hash_table_lookup(ctx->stream_classes, &id);
-                       if (ptr) {
+                       if (ctf_trace_class_borrow_stream_class_by_id(
+                                       ctx->ctf_tc, id)) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Duplicate stream class (same ID): id=%" PRId64,
                                        id);
@@ -4070,14 +3764,7 @@ int visit_stream_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       ret = bt_stream_class_set_id(stream_class, id);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                       "Cannot set stream class's ID: "
-                                       "id=%" PRId64 ", ret=%d", id, ret);
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
+                       stream_class->id = id;
                        _SET(set, _STREAM_ID_SET);
                } else if (!strcmp(left, "event.header")) {
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _STREAM_EVENT_HEADER_SET)) {
@@ -4091,31 +3778,22 @@ int visit_stream_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                                _BT_LIST_FIRST_ENTRY(
                                        &node->u.ctf_expression.right,
                                        struct ctf_node, siblings),
-                               &decl);
+                               &stream_class->event_header_ft);
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Cannot create stream class's event header field type.");
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       BT_ASSERT(decl);
+                       BT_ASSERT(stream_class->event_header_ft);
                        ret = auto_map_fields_to_trace_clock_class(ctx,
-                               decl, "timestamp");
+                               stream_class->event_header_ft, "timestamp");
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Cannot automatically map specific event header field type fields named `timestamp` to trace's clock class.");
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       ret = bt_stream_class_set_event_header_field_type(
-                               stream_class, decl);
-                       BT_PUT(decl);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                       "Cannot set stream class's event header field type.");
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
                        _SET(set, _STREAM_EVENT_HEADER_SET);
                } else if (!strcmp(left, "event.context")) {
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _STREAM_EVENT_CONTEXT_SET)) {
@@ -4129,24 +3807,14 @@ int visit_stream_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                                _BT_LIST_FIRST_ENTRY(
                                        &node->u.ctf_expression.right,
                                        struct ctf_node, siblings),
-                               &decl);
+                               &stream_class->event_common_context_ft);
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Cannot create stream class's event context field type.");
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       BT_ASSERT(decl);
-
-                       ret = bt_stream_class_set_event_context_field_type(
-                               stream_class, decl);
-                       BT_PUT(decl);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                       "Cannot set stream class's event context field type.");
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
+                       BT_ASSERT(stream_class->event_common_context_ft);
                        _SET(set, _STREAM_EVENT_CONTEXT_SET);
                } else if (!strcmp(left, "packet.context")) {
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _STREAM_PACKET_CONTEXT_SET)) {
@@ -4160,16 +3828,17 @@ int visit_stream_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                                _BT_LIST_FIRST_ENTRY(
                                        &node->u.ctf_expression.right,
                                        struct ctf_node, siblings),
-                               &decl);
+                               &stream_class->packet_context_ft);
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Cannot create stream class's packet context field type.");
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       BT_ASSERT(decl);
+                       BT_ASSERT(stream_class->packet_context_ft);
                        ret = auto_map_fields_to_trace_clock_class(ctx,
-                               decl, "timestamp_begin");
+                               stream_class->packet_context_ft,
+                               "timestamp_begin");
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Cannot automatically map specific packet context field type fields named `timestamp_begin` to trace's clock class.");
@@ -4177,22 +3846,14 @@ int visit_stream_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
                        }
 
                        ret = auto_map_fields_to_trace_clock_class(ctx,
-                               decl, "timestamp_end");
+                               stream_class->packet_context_ft,
+                               "timestamp_end");
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Cannot automatically map specific packet context field type fields named `timestamp_end` to trace's clock class.");
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       ret = bt_stream_class_set_packet_context_field_type(
-                               stream_class, decl);
-                       BT_PUT(decl);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                       "Cannot set stream class's packet context field type.");
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
                        _SET(set, _STREAM_PACKET_CONTEXT_SET);
                } else {
                        _BT_LOGW_NODE(node,
@@ -4214,21 +3875,16 @@ int visit_stream_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node,
 
 error:
        g_free(left);
-       BT_PUT(decl);
-
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_stream_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
 {
-       int64_t id;
-       int64_t *new_id;
        int set = 0;
        int ret = 0;
        struct ctf_node *iter;
-       struct bt_stream_class *stream_class = NULL;
-       struct bt_stream_class *existing_stream_class = NULL;
+       struct ctf_stream_class *stream_class = NULL;
        struct bt_list_head *decl_list = &node->u.stream.declaration_list;
 
        if (node->visited) {
@@ -4236,18 +3892,9 @@ int visit_stream_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
        }
 
        node->visited = TRUE;
-       stream_class = create_reset_stream_class(ctx);
-       if (!stream_class) {
-               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node, "Cannot create empty stream class.");
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto error;
-       }
-
-       ret = ctx_push_scope(ctx);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot push scope.");
-               goto error;
-       }
+       stream_class = ctf_stream_class_create();
+       BT_ASSERT(stream_class);
+       _TRY_PUSH_SCOPE_OR_GOTO_ERROR();
 
        bt_list_for_each_entry(iter, decl_list, siblings) {
                ret = visit_stream_decl_entry(ctx, iter, stream_class, &set);
@@ -4263,42 +3910,35 @@ int visit_stream_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
        ctx_pop_scope(ctx);
 
        if (_IS_SET(&set, _STREAM_ID_SET)) {
-               /* Check that packet header has stream_id field */
-               _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(stream_id_decl);
-               _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(packet_header_decl);
+               /* Check that packet header has `stream_id` field */
+               struct ctf_named_field_type *named_ft = NULL;
 
-               packet_header_decl =
-                       bt_trace_get_packet_header_field_type(ctx->trace);
-               if (!packet_header_decl) {
+               if (!ctx->ctf_tc->packet_header_ft) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                "Stream class has a `id` attribute, "
                                "but trace has no packet header field type.");
                        goto error;
                }
 
-               stream_id_decl =
-                       bt_field_type_structure_get_field_type_by_name(
-                               packet_header_decl, "stream_id");
-               BT_PUT(packet_header_decl);
-               if (!stream_id_decl) {
+               named_ft = ctf_field_type_struct_borrow_member_by_name(
+                       (void *) ctx->ctf_tc->packet_header_ft, "stream_id");
+               if (!named_ft) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                "Stream class has a `id` attribute, "
                                "but trace's packet header field type has no `stream_id` field.");
                        goto error;
                }
 
-               if (!bt_field_type_is_integer(stream_id_decl)) {
-                       BT_PUT(stream_id_decl);
+               if (named_ft->ft->id != CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_INT &&
+                               named_ft->ft->id != CTF_FIELD_TYPE_ID_ENUM) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                "Stream class has a `id` attribute, "
                                "but trace's packet header field type's `stream_id` field is not an integer field type.");
                        goto error;
                }
-
-               BT_PUT(stream_id_decl);
        } else {
                /* Allow only _one_ ID-less stream */
-               if (g_hash_table_size(ctx->stream_classes) != 0) {
+               if (ctx->ctf_tc->stream_classes->len != 0) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                "Missing `id` attribute in stream class as there's more than one stream class in the trace.");
                        ret = -EPERM;
@@ -4306,52 +3946,31 @@ int visit_stream_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
                }
 
                /* Automatic ID: 0 */
-               ret = bt_stream_class_set_id(stream_class, 0);
-               BT_ASSERT(ret == 0);
-       }
-
-       id = bt_stream_class_get_id(stream_class);
-       if (id < 0) {
-               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                       "Cannot get stream class's ID.");
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto error;
+               stream_class->id = 0;
        }
 
        /*
         * Make sure that this stream class's ID is currently unique in
         * the trace.
         */
-       existing_stream_class = bt_trace_get_stream_class_by_id(ctx->trace,
-               id);
-       if (g_hash_table_lookup(ctx->stream_classes, &id) ||
-                       existing_stream_class) {
+       if (ctf_trace_class_borrow_stream_class_by_id(ctx->ctf_tc,
+                       stream_class->id)) {
                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                        "Duplicate stream class (same ID): id=%" PRId64,
-                       id);
+                       stream_class->id);
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto error;
        }
 
-       new_id = g_new0(int64_t, 1);
-       if (!new_id) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Failed to allocate a int64_t.");
-               ret = -ENOMEM;
-               goto error;
-       }
-       *new_id = id;
-
-       /* Move reference to visitor's context */
-       g_hash_table_insert(ctx->stream_classes, new_id,
-               stream_class);
+       g_ptr_array_add(ctx->ctf_tc->stream_classes, stream_class);
        stream_class = NULL;
        goto end;
 
 error:
-       bt_put(stream_class);
+       ctf_stream_class_destroy(stream_class);
+       stream_class = NULL;
 
 end:
-       bt_put(existing_stream_class);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -4360,7 +3979,7 @@ int visit_trace_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node, int *set)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        char *left = NULL;
-       _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(packet_header_decl);
+       uint64_t val;
 
        switch (node->type) {
        case NODE_TYPEDEF:
@@ -4398,7 +4017,7 @@ int visit_trace_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node, int *set)
                        }
 
                        ret = get_unary_unsigned(&node->u.ctf_expression.right,
-                               &ctx->trace_major);
+                               &val);
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Unexpected unary expression for trace's `major` attribute.");
@@ -4406,6 +4025,13 @@ int visit_trace_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node, int *set)
                                goto error;
                        }
 
+                       if (val != 1) {
+                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
+                                       "Invalid trace's `minor` attribute: expecting 1.");
+                               goto error;
+                       }
+
+                       ctx->ctf_tc->major = val;
                        _SET(set, _TRACE_MAJOR_SET);
                } else if (!strcmp(left, "minor")) {
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _TRACE_MINOR_SET)) {
@@ -4415,7 +4041,7 @@ int visit_trace_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node, int *set)
                        }
 
                        ret = get_unary_unsigned(&node->u.ctf_expression.right,
-                               &ctx->trace_minor);
+                               &val);
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Unexpected unary expression for trace's `minor` attribute.");
@@ -4423,6 +4049,13 @@ int visit_trace_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node, int *set)
                                goto error;
                        }
 
+                       if (val != 8) {
+                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
+                                       "Invalid trace's `minor` attribute: expecting 8.");
+                               goto error;
+                       }
+
+                       ctx->ctf_tc->minor = val;
                        _SET(set, _TRACE_MINOR_SET);
                } else if (!strcmp(left, "uuid")) {
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _TRACE_UUID_SET)) {
@@ -4432,22 +4065,17 @@ int visit_trace_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node, int *set)
                        }
 
                        ret = get_unary_uuid(&node->u.ctf_expression.right,
-                               ctx->trace_uuid);
+                               ctx->ctf_tc->uuid);
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Invalid trace's `uuid` attribute.");
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       ret = bt_trace_set_uuid(ctx->trace, ctx->trace_uuid);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node, "Cannot set trace's UUID.");
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
+                       ctx->ctf_tc->is_uuid_set = true;
                        _SET(set, _TRACE_UUID_SET);
                } else if (!strcmp(left, "byte_order")) {
-                       /* Native byte order is already known at this stage */
+                       /* Default byte order is already known at this stage */
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _TRACE_BYTE_ORDER_SET)) {
                                _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(node, "byte_order",
                                        "trace");
@@ -4455,6 +4083,7 @@ int visit_trace_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node, int *set)
                                goto error;
                        }
 
+                       BT_ASSERT(ctx->ctf_tc->default_byte_order != -1);
                        _SET(set, _TRACE_BYTE_ORDER_SET);
                } else if (!strcmp(left, "packet.header")) {
                        if (_IS_SET(set, _TRACE_PACKET_HEADER_SET)) {
@@ -4468,23 +4097,14 @@ int visit_trace_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node, int *set)
                                _BT_LIST_FIRST_ENTRY(
                                        &node->u.ctf_expression.right,
                                        struct ctf_node, siblings),
-                               &packet_header_decl);
+                               &ctx->ctf_tc->packet_header_ft);
                        if (ret) {
                                _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                        "Cannot create trace's packet header field type.");
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       BT_ASSERT(packet_header_decl);
-                       ret = bt_trace_set_packet_header_field_type(ctx->trace,
-                               packet_header_decl);
-                       BT_PUT(packet_header_decl);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                       "Cannot set trace's packet header field type.");
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-
+                       BT_ASSERT(ctx->ctf_tc->packet_header_ft);
                        _SET(set, _TRACE_PACKET_HEADER_SET);
                } else {
                        _BT_LOGW_NODE(node,
@@ -4506,8 +4126,6 @@ int visit_trace_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node, int *set)
 
 error:
        g_free(left);
-       BT_PUT(packet_header_decl);
-
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -4531,11 +4149,7 @@ int visit_trace_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
                goto error;
        }
 
-       ret = ctx_push_scope(ctx);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot push scope.");
-               goto error;
-       }
+       _TRY_PUSH_SCOPE_OR_GOTO_ERROR();
 
        bt_list_for_each_entry(iter, decl_list, siblings) {
                ret = visit_trace_decl_entry(ctx, iter, &set);
@@ -4570,7 +4184,7 @@ int visit_trace_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
                goto error;
        }
 
-       ctx->is_trace_visited = TRUE;
+       ctx->is_trace_visited = true;
 
 end:
        return 0;
@@ -4630,20 +4244,14 @@ int visit_env(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
                                        BT_LOGI("Detected LTTng trace from `%s` environment value: "
                                                "tracer-name=\"%s\"",
                                                left, right);
-                                       ctx->is_lttng = 1;
+                                       ctx->is_lttng = true;
                                }
                        }
 
-                       ret = bt_trace_set_environment_field_string(
-                               ctx->trace, left, right);
+                       ctf_trace_class_append_env_entry(ctx->ctf_tc,
+                               left, CTF_TRACE_CLASS_ENV_ENTRY_TYPE_STR,
+                               right, 0);
                        g_free(right);
-
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(entry_node,
-                                       "Cannot add string environment entry to trace: "
-                                       "name=\"%s\", ret=%d", left, ret);
-                               goto error;
-                       }
                } else if (is_unary_unsigned(right_head) ||
                                is_unary_signed(right_head)) {
                        int64_t v;
@@ -4662,14 +4270,9 @@ int visit_env(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *node)
                                goto error;
                        }
 
-                       ret = bt_trace_set_environment_field_integer(
-                               ctx->trace, left, v);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               _BT_LOGE_NODE(entry_node,
-                                       "Cannot add integer environment entry to trace: "
-                                       "name=\"%s\", ret=%d", left, ret);
-                               goto error;
-                       }
+                       ctf_trace_class_append_env_entry(ctx->ctf_tc,
+                               left, CTF_TRACE_CLASS_ENV_ENTRY_TYPE_INT,
+                               NULL, v);
                } else {
                        _BT_LOGW_NODE(entry_node,
                                "Environment entry has unknown type: "
@@ -4685,7 +4288,6 @@ end:
 
 error:
        g_free(left);
-
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -4712,7 +4314,7 @@ int set_trace_byte_order(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *trace_node)
                        }
 
                        if (!strcmp(left, "byte_order")) {
-                               enum bt_byte_order bo;
+                               enum ctf_byte_order bo;
 
                                if (_IS_SET(&set, _TRACE_BYTE_ORDER_SET)) {
                                        _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(node, "byte_order",
@@ -4726,13 +4328,13 @@ int set_trace_byte_order(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *trace_node)
                                        &node->u.ctf_expression.right,
                                        struct ctf_node, siblings);
                                bo = byte_order_from_unary_expr(right_node);
-                               if (bo == BT_BYTE_ORDER_UNKNOWN) {
+                               if (bo == -1) {
                                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                                "Invalid `byte_order` attribute in trace (`trace` block): "
                                                "expecting `le`, `be`, or `network`.");
                                        ret = -EINVAL;
                                        goto error;
-                               } else if (bo == BT_BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE) {
+                               } else if (bo == CTF_BYTE_ORDER_DEFAULT) {
                                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
                                                "Invalid `byte_order` attribute in trace (`trace` block): "
                                                "cannot be set to `native` here.");
@@ -4740,15 +4342,7 @@ int set_trace_byte_order(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *trace_node)
                                        goto error;
                                }
 
-                               ctx->trace_bo = bo;
-                               ret = bt_trace_set_native_byte_order(
-                                       ctx->trace, bo);
-                               if (ret) {
-                                       _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
-                                               "Cannot set trace's byte order: "
-                                               "ret=%d", ret);
-                                       goto error;
-                               }
+                               ctx->ctf_tc->default_byte_order = bo;
                        }
 
                        g_free(left);
@@ -4767,13 +4361,13 @@ int set_trace_byte_order(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *trace_node)
 
 error:
        g_free(left);
-
        return ret;
 }
 
 static
 int visit_clock_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *entry_node,
-       struct bt_clock_class *clock, int *set)
+       struct bt_clock_class *clock, int *set, int64_t *offset_seconds,
+       uint64_t *offset_cycles)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        char *left = NULL;
@@ -4822,7 +4416,7 @@ int visit_clock_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *entry_node,
                g_free(right);
                _SET(set, _CLOCK_NAME_SET);
        } else if (!strcmp(left, "uuid")) {
-               unsigned char uuid[BABELTRACE_UUID_LEN];
+               uint8_t uuid[BABELTRACE_UUID_LEN];
 
                if (_IS_SET(set, _CLOCK_UUID_SET)) {
                        _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(entry_node, "uuid", "clock class");
@@ -4875,7 +4469,7 @@ int visit_clock_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *entry_node,
                g_free(right);
                _SET(set, _CLOCK_DESCRIPTION_SET);
        } else if (!strcmp(left, "freq")) {
-               uint64_t freq = -1ULL;
+               uint64_t freq = UINT64_C(-1);
 
                if (_IS_SET(set, _CLOCK_FREQ_SET)) {
                        _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(entry_node, "freq", "clock class");
@@ -4892,7 +4486,7 @@ int visit_clock_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *entry_node,
                        goto error;
                }
 
-               if (freq == -1ULL || freq == 0) {
+               if (freq == UINT64_C(-1) || freq == 0) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(entry_node,
                                "Invalid clock class frequency: freq=%" PRIu64,
                                freq);
@@ -4936,8 +4530,6 @@ int visit_clock_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *entry_node,
 
                _SET(set, _CLOCK_PRECISION_SET);
        } else if (!strcmp(left, "offset_s")) {
-               int64_t offset_s;
-
                if (_IS_SET(set, _CLOCK_OFFSET_S_SET)) {
                        _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(entry_node, "offset_s",
                                "clock class");
@@ -4946,7 +4538,7 @@ int visit_clock_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *entry_node,
                }
 
                ret = get_unary_signed(
-                       &entry_node->u.ctf_expression.right, &offset_s);
+                       &entry_node->u.ctf_expression.right, offset_seconds);
                if (ret) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(entry_node,
                                "Unexpected unary expression for clock class's `offset_s` attribute.");
@@ -4954,25 +4546,16 @@ int visit_clock_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *entry_node,
                        goto error;
                }
 
-               ret = bt_clock_class_set_offset_s(clock, offset_s);
-               if (ret) {
-                       _BT_LOGE_NODE(entry_node,
-                               "Cannot set clock class's offset in seconds.");
-                       goto error;
-               }
-
                _SET(set, _CLOCK_OFFSET_S_SET);
        } else if (!strcmp(left, "offset")) {
-               int64_t offset;
-
                if (_IS_SET(set, _CLOCK_OFFSET_SET)) {
                        _BT_LOGE_DUP_ATTR(entry_node, "offset", "clock class");
                        ret = -EPERM;
                        goto error;
                }
 
-               ret = get_unary_signed(
-                       &entry_node->u.ctf_expression.right, &offset);
+               ret = get_unary_unsigned(
+                       &entry_node->u.ctf_expression.right, offset_cycles);
                if (ret) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(entry_node,
                                "Unexpected unary expression for clock class's `offset` attribute.");
@@ -4980,13 +4563,6 @@ int visit_clock_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *entry_node,
                        goto error;
                }
 
-               ret = bt_clock_class_set_offset_cycles(clock, offset);
-               if (ret) {
-                       _BT_LOGE_NODE(entry_node,
-                               "Cannot set clock class's offset in cycles.");
-                       goto error;
-               }
-
                _SET(set, _CLOCK_OFFSET_SET);
        } else if (!strcmp(left, "absolute")) {
                struct ctf_node *right;
@@ -5025,22 +4601,20 @@ int visit_clock_decl_entry(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *entry_node,
 
        g_free(left);
        left = NULL;
-
        return 0;
 
 error:
        g_free(left);
-
        return ret;
 }
 
-static
-int64_t cycles_from_ns(uint64_t frequency, int64_t ns)
+static inline
+uint64_t cycles_from_ns(uint64_t frequency, uint64_t ns)
 {
-       int64_t cycles;
+       uint64_t cycles;
 
        /* 1GHz */
-       if (frequency == 1000000000ULL) {
+       if (frequency == UINT64_C(1000000000)) {
                cycles = ns;
        } else {
                cycles = (uint64_t) (((double) ns * (double) frequency) / 1e9);
@@ -5050,35 +4624,73 @@ int64_t cycles_from_ns(uint64_t frequency, int64_t ns)
 }
 
 static
-int apply_clock_class_offset(struct ctx *ctx, struct bt_clock_class *clock)
+void calibrate_clock_class_offsets(int64_t *offset_seconds,
+               uint64_t *offset_cycles, uint64_t freq)
+{
+       if (*offset_cycles >= freq) {
+               const uint64_t s_in_offset_cycles = *offset_cycles / freq;
+
+               *offset_seconds += (int64_t) s_in_offset_cycles;
+               *offset_cycles -= (s_in_offset_cycles * freq);
+       }
+}
+
+static
+void apply_clock_class_offset(struct ctx *ctx, struct bt_clock_class *clock)
 {
        int ret;
        uint64_t freq;
-       int64_t offset_cycles;
-       int64_t offset_to_apply;
+       int64_t offset_s_to_apply = ctx->decoder_config.clock_class_offset_s;
+       uint64_t offset_ns_to_apply;
+       int64_t cur_offset_s;
+       uint64_t cur_offset_cycles;
 
-       freq = bt_clock_class_get_frequency(clock);
-       if (freq == -1ULL) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot get clock class's frequency.");
-               ret = -1;
+       if (ctx->decoder_config.clock_class_offset_s == 0 &&
+                       ctx->decoder_config.clock_class_offset_ns == 0) {
                goto end;
        }
 
-       ret = bt_clock_class_get_offset_cycles(clock, &offset_cycles);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot get clock class's offset in cycles.");
-               ret = -1;
-               goto end;
+       /* Transfer nanoseconds to seconds as much as possible */
+       if (ctx->decoder_config.clock_class_offset_ns < 0) {
+               const int64_t abs_ns = -ctx->decoder_config.clock_class_offset_ns;
+               const int64_t abs_extra_s = abs_ns / INT64_C(1000000000) + 1;
+               const int64_t extra_s = -abs_extra_s;
+               const int64_t offset_ns = ctx->decoder_config.clock_class_offset_ns -
+                       (extra_s * INT64_C(1000000000));
+
+               BT_ASSERT(offset_ns > 0);
+               offset_ns_to_apply = (uint64_t) offset_ns;
+               offset_s_to_apply += extra_s;
+       } else {
+               const int64_t extra_s = ctx->decoder_config.clock_class_offset_ns /
+                       INT64_C(1000000000);
+               const int64_t offset_ns = ctx->decoder_config.clock_class_offset_ns -
+                       (extra_s * INT64_C(1000000000));
+
+               BT_ASSERT(offset_ns >= 0);
+               offset_ns_to_apply = (uint64_t) offset_ns;
+               offset_s_to_apply += extra_s;
        }
 
-       offset_to_apply =
-               ctx->decoder_config.clock_class_offset_s * 1000000000LL +
-               ctx->decoder_config.clock_class_offset_ns;
-       offset_cycles += cycles_from_ns(freq, offset_to_apply);
-       ret = bt_clock_class_set_offset_cycles(clock, offset_cycles);
+       freq = bt_clock_class_get_frequency(clock);
+       bt_clock_class_get_offset(clock, &cur_offset_s, &cur_offset_cycles);
+
+       /* Apply offsets */
+       cur_offset_s += offset_s_to_apply;
+       cur_offset_cycles += cycles_from_ns(freq, offset_ns_to_apply);
+
+       /*
+        * Recalibrate offsets because the part in cycles can be greater
+        * than the frequency at this point.
+        */
+       calibrate_clock_class_offsets(&cur_offset_s, &cur_offset_cycles, freq);
+
+       /* Set final offsets */
+       ret = bt_clock_class_set_offset(clock, cur_offset_s, cur_offset_cycles);
+       BT_ASSERT(ret == 0);
 
 end:
-       return ret;
+       return;
 }
 
 static
@@ -5090,6 +4702,9 @@ int visit_clock_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *clock_node)
        struct ctf_node *entry_node;
        struct bt_list_head *decl_list = &clock_node->u.clock.declaration_list;
        const char *clock_class_name;
+       int64_t offset_seconds = 0;
+       uint64_t offset_cycles = 0;
+       uint64_t freq;
 
        if (clock_node->visited) {
                return 0;
@@ -5098,21 +4713,30 @@ int visit_clock_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *clock_node)
        clock_node->visited = TRUE;
 
        /* CTF 1.8's default frequency for a clock class is 1 GHz */
-       clock = bt_clock_class_create(NULL, 1000000000);
+       clock = bt_clock_class_create();
        if (!clock) {
                _BT_LOGE_NODE(clock_node,
                        "Cannot create default clock class.");
                ret = -ENOMEM;
-               goto error;
+               goto end;
+       }
+
+       /* CTF: not absolute by default */
+       ret = bt_clock_class_set_is_absolute(clock, BT_FALSE);
+       if (ret) {
+               _BT_LOGE_NODE(clock_node,
+                       "Cannot set clock class's absolute flag.");
+               goto end;
        }
 
        bt_list_for_each_entry(entry_node, decl_list, siblings) {
-               ret = visit_clock_decl_entry(ctx, entry_node, clock, &set);
+               ret = visit_clock_decl_entry(ctx, entry_node, clock, &set,
+                       &offset_seconds, &offset_cycles);
                if (ret) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(entry_node,
                                "Cannot visit clock class's entry: ret=%d",
                                ret);
-                       goto error;
+                       goto end;
                }
        }
 
@@ -5120,7 +4744,7 @@ int visit_clock_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *clock_node)
                _BT_LOGE_NODE(clock_node,
                        "Missing `name` attribute in clock class.");
                ret = -EPERM;
-               goto error;
+               goto end;
        }
 
        clock_class_name = bt_clock_class_get_name(clock);
@@ -5132,31 +4756,28 @@ int visit_clock_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *clock_node)
                 * it's a condition to be able to sort notifications
                 * from different sources.
                 */
-               ret = bt_clock_class_set_is_absolute(clock, 1);
+               ret = bt_clock_class_set_is_absolute(clock, BT_TRUE);
                if (ret) {
                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(clock_node,
                                "Cannot set clock class's absolute flag.");
-                       goto error;
+                       goto end;
                }
        }
 
-       ret = apply_clock_class_offset(ctx, clock);
-       if (ret) {
-               _BT_LOGE_NODE(clock_node,
-                       "Cannot apply clock class's custom offset.");
-               goto error;
-       }
-
-       ret = bt_trace_add_clock_class(ctx->trace, clock);
-       if (ret) {
-               _BT_LOGE_NODE(clock_node,
-                       "Cannot add clock class to trace.");
-               goto error;
-       }
+       /*
+        * Adjust offsets so that the part in cycles is less than the
+        * frequency (move to the part in seconds).
+        */
+       freq = bt_clock_class_get_frequency(clock);
+       calibrate_clock_class_offsets(&offset_seconds, &offset_cycles, freq);
+       BT_ASSERT(offset_cycles < bt_clock_class_get_frequency(clock));
+       ret = bt_clock_class_set_offset(clock, offset_seconds, offset_cycles);
+       BT_ASSERT(ret == 0);
+       apply_clock_class_offset(ctx, clock);
+       g_ptr_array_add(ctx->ctf_tc->clock_classes, bt_get(clock));
 
-error:
+end:
        BT_PUT(clock);
-
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -5193,7 +4814,7 @@ int visit_root_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *root_decl_node)
                break;
        case NODE_TYPE_SPECIFIER_LIST:
        {
-               _BT_FIELD_TYPE_INIT(decl);
+               struct ctf_field_type *decl = NULL;
 
                /*
                 * Just add the type specifier to the root
@@ -5208,7 +4829,8 @@ int visit_root_decl(struct ctx *ctx, struct ctf_node *root_decl_node)
                        goto end;
                }
 
-               BT_PUT(decl);
+               ctf_field_type_destroy(decl);
+               decl = NULL;
                break;
        }
        default:
@@ -5224,13 +4846,17 @@ end:
 }
 
 static
-int set_trace_name(struct ctx *ctx)
+int try_set_trace_class_name(struct ctx *ctx)
 {
-       GString *name;
+       GString *name = NULL;
        int ret = 0;
-       struct bt_value *value = NULL;
+       struct ctf_trace_class_env_entry *env_entry;
+
+       if (ctx->ctf_tc->name->len > 0) {
+               /* Already set */
+               goto end;
+       }
 
-       BT_ASSERT(bt_trace_get_stream_class_count(ctx->trace) == 0);
        name = g_string_new(NULL);
        if (!name) {
                BT_LOGE_STR("Failed to allocate a GString.");
@@ -5242,38 +4868,25 @@ int set_trace_name(struct ctx *ctx)
         * Check if we have a trace environment string value named `hostname`.
         * If so, use it as the trace name's prefix.
         */
-       value = bt_trace_get_environment_field_value_by_name(ctx->trace,
+       env_entry = ctf_trace_class_borrow_env_entry_by_name(ctx->ctf_tc,
                "hostname");
-       if (value && bt_value_is_string(value)) {
-               const char *hostname;
-
-               ret = bt_value_string_get(value, &hostname);
-               BT_ASSERT(ret == 0);
-               g_string_append(name, hostname);
+       if (env_entry &&
+                       env_entry->type == CTF_TRACE_CLASS_ENV_ENTRY_TYPE_STR) {
+               g_string_append(name, env_entry->value.str->str);
 
-               if (ctx->trace_name_suffix) {
+               if (ctx->trace_class_name_suffix) {
                        g_string_append_c(name, G_DIR_SEPARATOR);
                }
        }
 
-       if (ctx->trace_name_suffix) {
-               g_string_append(name, ctx->trace_name_suffix);
-       }
-
-       ret = bt_trace_set_name(ctx->trace, name->str);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE("Cannot set trace's name: name=\"%s\"", name->str);
-               goto error;
+       if (ctx->trace_class_name_suffix) {
+               g_string_append(name, ctx->trace_class_name_suffix);
        }
 
+       g_string_assign(ctx->ctf_tc->name, name->str);
        goto end;
 
-error:
-       ret = -1;
-
 end:
-       bt_put(value);
-
        if (name) {
                g_string_free(name, TRUE);
        }
@@ -5281,77 +4894,20 @@ end:
        return ret;
 }
 
-static
-int move_ctx_stream_classes_to_trace(struct ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int ret = 0;
-       GHashTableIter iter;
-       gpointer key, stream_class;
-
-       if (g_hash_table_size(ctx->stream_classes) > 0 &&
-                       bt_trace_get_stream_class_count(ctx->trace) == 0) {
-               /*
-                * We're about to add the first stream class to the
-                * trace. This will freeze the trace, and after this
-                * we cannot set the name anymore. At this point,
-                * set the trace name.
-                */
-               ret = set_trace_name(ctx);
-               if (ret) {
-                       BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot set trace's name.");
-                       goto end;
-               }
-       }
-
-       g_hash_table_iter_init(&iter, ctx->stream_classes);
-
-       while (g_hash_table_iter_next(&iter, &key, &stream_class)) {
-               ret = bt_trace_add_stream_class(ctx->trace,
-                       stream_class);
-               if (ret) {
-                       int64_t id = bt_stream_class_get_id(stream_class);
-                       BT_LOGE("Cannot add stream class to trace: id=%" PRId64,
-                               id);
-                       goto end;
-               }
-       }
-
-       g_hash_table_remove_all(ctx->stream_classes);
-
-end:
-       return ret;
-}
-
 BT_HIDDEN
 struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir *ctf_visitor_generate_ir_create(
                const struct ctf_metadata_decoder_config *decoder_config,
                const char *name)
 {
-       int ret;
        struct ctx *ctx = NULL;
-       struct bt_trace *trace;
-
-       trace = bt_trace_create();
-       if (!trace) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create empty trace.");
-               goto error;
-       }
-
-       /* Set packet header to NULL to override the default one */
-       ret = bt_trace_set_packet_header_field_type(trace, NULL);
-       if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot reset initial trace's packet header field type.");
-               goto error;
-       }
 
        /* Create visitor's context */
-       ctx = ctx_create(trace, decoder_config, name);
+       ctx = ctx_create(decoder_config, name);
        if (!ctx) {
                BT_LOGE_STR("Cannot create visitor's context.");
                goto error;
        }
 
-       trace = NULL;
        goto end;
 
 error:
@@ -5359,7 +4915,6 @@ error:
        ctx = NULL;
 
 end:
-       bt_put(trace);
        return (void *) ctx;
 }
 
@@ -5370,7 +4925,7 @@ void ctf_visitor_generate_ir_destroy(struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir *visitor)
 }
 
 BT_HIDDEN
-struct bt_trace *ctf_visitor_generate_ir_get_trace(
+struct bt_trace *ctf_visitor_generate_ir_get_ir_trace(
                struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir *visitor)
 {
        struct ctx *ctx = (void *) visitor;
@@ -5380,6 +4935,17 @@ struct bt_trace *ctf_visitor_generate_ir_get_trace(
        return bt_get(ctx->trace);
 }
 
+BT_HIDDEN
+struct ctf_trace_class *ctf_visitor_generate_ir_borrow_ctf_trace_class(
+               struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir *visitor)
+{
+       struct ctx *ctx = (void *) visitor;
+
+       BT_ASSERT(ctx);
+       BT_ASSERT(ctx->ctf_tc);
+       return ctx->ctf_tc;
+}
+
 BT_HIDDEN
 int ctf_visitor_generate_ir_visit_node(struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir *visitor,
                struct ctf_node *node)
@@ -5393,7 +4959,7 @@ int ctf_visitor_generate_ir_visit_node(struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir *visitor,
        case NODE_ROOT:
        {
                struct ctf_node *iter;
-               int got_trace_decl = FALSE;
+               bool got_trace_decl = false;
 
                /*
                 * The first thing we need is the native byte order of
@@ -5402,7 +4968,7 @@ int ctf_visitor_generate_ir_visit_node(struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir *visitor,
                 * have the native byte order yet, and we don't have any
                 * trace block yet, then fail with EINCOMPLETE.
                 */
-               if (ctx->trace_bo == BT_BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE) {
+               if (ctx->ctf_tc->default_byte_order == -1) {
                        bt_list_for_each_entry(iter, &node->u.root.trace, siblings) {
                                if (got_trace_decl) {
                                        _BT_LOGE_NODE(node,
@@ -5419,7 +4985,7 @@ int ctf_visitor_generate_ir_visit_node(struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir *visitor,
                                        goto end;
                                }
 
-                               got_trace_decl = TRUE;
+                               got_trace_decl = true;
                        }
 
                        if (!got_trace_decl) {
@@ -5429,10 +4995,10 @@ int ctf_visitor_generate_ir_visit_node(struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir *visitor,
                        }
                }
 
-               BT_ASSERT(ctx->trace_bo == BT_BYTE_ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN ||
-                       ctx->trace_bo == BT_BYTE_ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN);
+               BT_ASSERT(ctx->ctf_tc->default_byte_order == CTF_BYTE_ORDER_LITTLE ||
+                       ctx->ctf_tc->default_byte_order == CTF_BYTE_ORDER_BIG);
                BT_ASSERT(ctx->current_scope &&
-                       ctx->current_scope->parent_scope == NULL);
+                               ctx->current_scope->parent_scope == NULL);
 
                /* Environment */
                bt_list_for_each_entry(iter, &node->u.root.env, siblings) {
@@ -5542,10 +5108,67 @@ int ctf_visitor_generate_ir_visit_node(struct ctf_visitor_generate_ir *visitor,
                goto end;
        }
 
-       /* Move decoded stream classes to trace, if any */
-       ret = move_ctx_stream_classes_to_trace(ctx);
+       /* Update default clock classes */
+       ret = ctf_trace_class_update_default_clock_classes(ctx->ctf_tc);
+       if (ret) {
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto end;
+       }
+
+       /* Set trace's name, if not already done */
+       ret = try_set_trace_class_name(ctx);
+       if (ret) {
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto end;
+       }
+
+       /* Update trace class meanings */
+       ret = ctf_trace_class_update_meanings(ctx->ctf_tc);
+       if (ret) {
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto end;
+       }
+
+       /* Update text arrays and sequences */
+       ret = ctf_trace_class_update_text_array_sequence(ctx->ctf_tc);
+       if (ret) {
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto end;
+       }
+
+       /* Resolve sequence lengths and variant tags */
+       ret = ctf_trace_class_resolve_field_types(ctx->ctf_tc);
+       if (ret) {
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto end;
+       }
+
+       /* Update "in IR" for field types */
+       ret = ctf_trace_class_update_in_ir(ctx->ctf_tc);
+       if (ret) {
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto end;
+       }
+
+       /* Update saved value indexes */
+       ret = ctf_trace_class_update_value_storing_indexes(ctx->ctf_tc);
        if (ret) {
-               BT_LOGE("Cannot move stream classes to trace: ret=%d", ret);
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto end;
+       }
+
+       /* Validate what we have so far */
+       ret = ctf_trace_class_validate(ctx->ctf_tc);
+       if (ret) {
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto end;
+       }
+
+       /* Copy new CTF metadata -> new IR metadata */
+       ret = ctf_trace_class_translate(ctx->trace, ctx->ctf_tc);
+       if (ret) {
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto end;
        }
 
 end:
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