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f91ea849 | 1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 1999 Free Software Foundation |
252b5132 RH |
2 | .\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution |
3 | .TH objcopy 1 "October 1994" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools" | |
4 | .de BP | |
5 | .sp | |
6 | .ti \-.2i | |
7 | \(** | |
8 | .. | |
9 | ||
10 | .SH NAME | |
11 | objcopy \- copy and translate object files | |
12 | ||
13 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
14 | .hy 0 | |
15 | .na | |
16 | .TP | |
17 | .B objcopy | |
18 | .RB "[\|" \-F\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" | |
19 | .RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" | |
20 | .RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" | |
f91ea849 | 21 | .RB "[\|" \-j\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]" |
252b5132 RH |
22 | .RB "[\|" \-R\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-remove\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]" |
23 | .RB "[\|" \-S\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-all\fR "\|]" | |
24 | .RB "[\|" \-g\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR "\|]" | |
25 | .RB "[\|" \-\-strip\-unneeded\fR "\|]" | |
26 | .RB "[\|" \-K\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" | |
27 | .RB "[\|" \-N\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" | |
28 | .RB "[\|" \-L\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" | |
29 | .RB "[\|" \-W\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" | |
30 | .RB "[\|" \-x\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-all\fR "\|]" | |
31 | .RB "[\|" \-X\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR "\|]" | |
32 | .RB "[\|" \-b\ \fIbyte\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte\fR "\|]" | |
33 | .RB "[\|" \-i\ \fIinterleave\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave\fR "\|]" | |
34 | .RB "[\|" \-p\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR "\|]" | |
35 | .RB "[\|" \-\-debugging "\|]" | |
36 | .RB "[\|" \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval\fR "\|]" | |
37 | .RB "[\|" \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress\fR "\|]" | |
38 | .RB "[\|" \-\-set\-start=\fIval\fR "\|]" | |
39 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR "\|]" | |
40 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR "\|]" | |
41 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-address=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" | |
42 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-lma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" | |
43 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-vma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" | |
44 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]" | |
45 | .RB "[\|" \-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]" | |
46 | .RB "[\|" \-\-set\-section\-flags=\fIsection=flags\fR "\|]" | |
47 | .RB "[\|" \-\-add\-section=\fIsectionname=filename\fR "\|]" | |
48 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-leading\-char\fR "\|]" | |
49 | .RB "[\|" \-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR "\|]" | |
50 | .RB "[\|" \-\-weaken\fR "\|]" | |
51 | .RB "[\|" \-v\ |\ \-\-verbose\fR "\|]" | |
52 | .RB "[\|" \-V\ |\ \-\-version\fR "\|]" | |
53 | .RB "[\|" \-\-help\fR "\|]" | |
54 | .B infile | |
55 | .RB "[\|" outfile\fR "\|]" | |
56 | .SH DESCRIPTION | |
57 | The GNU | |
58 | .B objcopy | |
59 | utility copies the contents of an object file to another. | |
60 | .B objcopy | |
61 | uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can | |
62 | write the destination object file in a format different from that of | |
63 | the source object file. The exact behavior of | |
64 | .B objcopy | |
65 | is controlled by command-line options. | |
66 | .PP | |
67 | .B objcopy | |
68 | creates temporary files to do its translations and deletes them | |
69 | afterward. | |
70 | .B objcopy | |
71 | uses BFD to do all its translation work; it knows about all the | |
72 | formats BFD knows about, and thus is able to recognize most formats | |
73 | without being told explicitly. | |
74 | .PP | |
75 | .B objcopy | |
76 | can be used to generate S-records by using an output target of | |
77 | .B srec | |
78 | (e.g., use | |
79 | .B -O srec). | |
80 | .PP | |
81 | .B objcopy | |
82 | can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an output target of | |
83 | .B binary | |
84 | (e.g., use | |
85 | .B -O binary). | |
86 | When | |
87 | .B objcopy | |
88 | generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce a memory dump | |
89 | of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and relocation | |
90 | information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at the | |
91 | virtual address of the lowest section copied into the output file. | |
92 | .PP | |
93 | When generating an S-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to | |
94 | use | |
95 | .B -S | |
96 | to remove sections containing debugging information. In some cases | |
97 | .B -R | |
98 | will be useful to remove sections which contain information which is | |
99 | not needed by the binary file. | |
100 | .PP | |
101 | .I infile | |
102 | and | |
103 | .I outfile | |
104 | are the source and output files respectively. If you do not specify | |
105 | .IR outfile , | |
106 | .B objcopy | |
107 | creates a temporary file and destructively renames the result with the | |
108 | name of the input file. | |
109 | ||
110 | .SH OPTIONS | |
111 | .TP | |
112 | .B \-I \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname | |
113 | Consider the source file's object format to be | |
114 | .IR bfdname , | |
115 | rather than attempting to deduce it. | |
116 | .TP | |
117 | .B \-O \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname | |
118 | Write the output file using the object format | |
119 | .IR bfdname . | |
120 | .TP | |
121 | .B \-F \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname | |
122 | Use | |
123 | .I bfdname | |
124 | as the object format for both the input and the output file; i.e. | |
125 | simply transfer data from source to destination with no translation. | |
126 | .TP | |
f91ea849 ILT |
127 | .B \-j \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname |
128 | Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file, | |
129 | discarding all other sections. This option may be given more than | |
130 | once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output | |
131 | file unusable. | |
132 | .TP | |
252b5132 RH |
133 | .B \-R \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-remove-section=\fIsectionname |
134 | Remove the named section from the file. This option may be given more | |
135 | than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the | |
136 | output file unusable. | |
137 | .TP | |
138 | .B \-S\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-all | |
139 | Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file. | |
140 | .TP | |
141 | .B \-g\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-debug | |
142 | Do not copy debugging symbols from the source file. | |
143 | .TP | |
144 | .B \-\-strip\-unneeded | |
145 | Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing. | |
146 | .TP | |
147 | .B \-K \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname | |
148 | Copy only symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option | |
149 | may be given more than once. | |
150 | .TP | |
151 | .B \-N \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname | |
152 | Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option | |
153 | may be given more than once. | |
154 | .TP | |
155 | .B \-L \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname | |
156 | Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP local to the file, so that it is not | |
157 | visible externally. This option may be given more than once. | |
158 | .TP | |
159 | .B \-W \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname | |
160 | Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP weak. This option may be given more than once. | |
161 | .TP | |
162 | .B \-x\fR, \fB \-\-discard\-all | |
163 | Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file. | |
164 | .TP | |
165 | .B \-X\fR, \fB\-\-discard\-locals | |
166 | Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols. (These usually start | |
167 | with "L" or "."). | |
168 | .TP | |
169 | .B \-b \fIbyte\fR, \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte | |
170 | Keep only every \fIbyte\fPth byte of the input file (header data is | |
171 | not affected). \fIbyte\fP can be in the range from 0 to the | |
172 | interleave-1. This option is useful for creating files to program | |
173 | ROMs. It is typically used with an srec output target. | |
174 | .TP | |
175 | .B \-i \fIinterleave\fR, \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave | |
176 | Only copy one out of every \fIinterleave\fP bytes. Which one to copy is | |
177 | selected by the \fB\-b\fP or \fB\-\-byte\fP option. The default is 4. | |
178 | The interleave is ignored if neither \fB\-b\fP nor \fB\-\-byte\fP is given. | |
179 | .TP | |
180 | .B \-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-dates | |
181 | Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same | |
182 | as those of the input file. | |
183 | .TP | |
184 | .B \-\-debugging | |
185 | Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default | |
186 | because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the | |
187 | conversion process can be time consuming. | |
188 | .TP | |
189 | .B \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval | |
190 | Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fP. This operation applies to | |
191 | the \fIload address\fP (LMA) of the sections. It is done by increasing | |
192 | the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra | |
193 | space created with \fIval\fP. | |
194 | .TP | |
195 | .B \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress | |
196 | Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fP. This is | |
197 | done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is | |
198 | filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fP (default | |
199 | zero). | |
200 | .TP | |
201 | .B \fB\-\-set\-start=\fIval | |
202 | Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fP. Not all object | |
203 | file formats support setting the start address. | |
204 | .TP | |
205 | .B \fB\-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fIincr | |
206 | Changes the start address by adding \fIincr\fP. Not all object file | |
207 | formats support setting the start address. | |
208 | .TP | |
209 | .B \fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fIincr | |
210 | Changes the address of all sections, as well as the start address, by | |
211 | adding \fIincr\fP. Some object file formats do not permit section | |
212 | addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not relocate | |
213 | the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a | |
214 | certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such | |
215 | that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail. | |
216 | .TP | |
217 | .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-address=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val | |
218 | Set or changes the VMA and LMA addresses of the named \fIsection\fP. | |
219 | If \fI=\fP is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. | |
220 | Otherwise, \fIval\fP is added to or subtracted from the section | |
221 | address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If | |
222 | \fIsection\fP does not exist in the input file, a warning will be | |
223 | issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. | |
224 | .TP | |
225 | .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val | |
226 | Set or change the LMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is | |
227 | used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP | |
228 | is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments | |
229 | under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist | |
230 | in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless | |
231 | \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. | |
232 | .TP | |
233 | .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-vma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val | |
234 | Set or change the VMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is | |
235 | used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP | |
236 | is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments | |
237 | under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist | |
238 | in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless | |
239 | \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. | |
240 | .TP | |
241 | .B \fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-warnings | |
242 | If \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, and the named section does | |
243 | not exist, issue a warning. This is the default. | |
244 | .TP | |
245 | .B \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings | |
246 | Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, even | |
247 | if the named section does not exist. | |
248 | .TP | |
249 | .B \fB\-\-set\-section\-flags=\fIsection=flags | |
250 | Set the flags for the named section. The \fIflags\fP argument is a | |
251 | comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are | |
252 | \fIalloc\fP, \fIload\fP, \fIreadonly\fP, \fIcode\fP, \fIdata\fP, and | |
253 | \fIrom\fP. Not all flags are meaningful for all object file | |
254 | formats. | |
255 | .TP | |
256 | .B \fB\-\-add\-section=\fIsectionname=filename | |
257 | Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The | |
258 | contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. | |
259 | The size of the section will be the size of the file. This option | |
260 | only works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary | |
261 | names. | |
262 | .TP | |
263 | .B \-\-change\-leading\-char | |
264 | Some object file formats use special characters at the start of | |
265 | symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers | |
266 | often add before every symbol. This option tells | |
267 | .B objcopy | |
268 | to change the leading character of every symbol when it converts | |
269 | between object file formats. If the object file formats use the same | |
270 | leading character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add | |
271 | a character, or remove a character, or change a character, as | |
272 | appropriate. | |
273 | .TP | |
274 | .B \-\-remove\-leading\-char | |
275 | If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading | |
276 | character used by the object file format, remove the character. The | |
277 | most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will | |
278 | remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be | |
279 | useful if you want to link together objects of different file formats | |
280 | with different conventions for symbol names. This is different from | |
281 | \fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fP because it always changes the symbol name | |
282 | when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output | |
283 | .TP | |
284 | .B \-\-weaken | |
285 | Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. | |
286 | .TP | |
287 | .B \-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose | |
288 | Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of | |
289 | archives, "\fBobjcopy \-V\fR" lists all members of the archive. | |
290 | .TP | |
291 | .B \-V\fR, \fB\-\-version | |
292 | Show the version number of | |
293 | .B objcopy | |
294 | and exit. | |
295 | .TP | |
296 | .B \-\-help | |
297 | Show a summary of the options to | |
298 | .B objcopy | |
299 | and exit. | |
300 | .SH "SEE ALSO" | |
301 | .RB "`\|" binutils "\|'" | |
302 | entry in | |
303 | .B | |
304 | info\c | |
305 | \&; | |
306 | .I | |
307 | The GNU Binary Utilities\c | |
308 | \&, Roland H. Pesch (June 1993). | |
309 | ||
310 | .SH COPYING | |
f91ea849 | 311 | Copyright (c) 1993, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
252b5132 RH |
312 | .PP |
313 | Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of | |
314 | this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice | |
315 | are preserved on all copies. | |
316 | .PP | |
317 | Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this | |
318 | manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the | |
319 | entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a | |
320 | permission notice identical to this one. | |
321 | .PP | |
322 | Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this | |
323 | manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified | |
324 | versions, except that this permission notice may be included in | |
325 | translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in | |
326 | the original English. |