iscsi-target: use native hex2bin for chap_string_to_hex
[deliverable/linux.git] / drivers / target / tcm_fc / tfc_conf.c
CommitLineData
3699d92a
KP
1/*******************************************************************************
2 * Filename: tcm_fc.c
3 *
4 * This file contains the configfs implementation for TCM_fc fabric node.
5 * Based on tcm_loop_configfs.c
6 *
7 * Copyright (c) 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc.
8 * Copyright (c) 2009,2010 Rising Tide, Inc.
9 * Copyright (c) 2009,2010 Linux-iSCSI.org
10 *
11 * Copyright (c) 2009,2010 Nicholas A. Bellinger <nab@linux-iscsi.org>
12 *
13 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
14 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
15 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
16 * (at your option) any later version.
17 *
18 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
19 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
20 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
21 * GNU General Public License for more details.
22 ****************************************************************************/
23
24#include <linux/module.h>
25#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
3699d92a
KP
26#include <generated/utsrelease.h>
27#include <linux/utsname.h>
28#include <linux/init.h>
29#include <linux/slab.h>
30#include <linux/kthread.h>
31#include <linux/types.h>
32#include <linux/string.h>
33#include <linux/configfs.h>
34#include <linux/ctype.h>
35#include <asm/unaligned.h>
36#include <scsi/scsi.h>
37#include <scsi/scsi_host.h>
38#include <scsi/scsi_device.h>
39#include <scsi/scsi_cmnd.h>
40#include <scsi/libfc.h>
41
42#include <target/target_core_base.h>
43#include <target/target_core_transport.h>
44#include <target/target_core_fabric_ops.h>
45#include <target/target_core_fabric_configfs.h>
46#include <target/target_core_fabric_lib.h>
47#include <target/target_core_device.h>
48#include <target/target_core_tpg.h>
49#include <target/target_core_configfs.h>
3699d92a
KP
50#include <target/configfs_macros.h>
51
52#include "tcm_fc.h"
53
54struct target_fabric_configfs *ft_configfs;
55
56LIST_HEAD(ft_lport_list);
57DEFINE_MUTEX(ft_lport_lock);
58
59unsigned int ft_debug_logging;
60module_param_named(debug_logging, ft_debug_logging, int, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR);
61MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_logging, "a bit mask of logging levels");
62
63/*
64 * Parse WWN.
65 * If strict, we require lower-case hex and colon separators to be sure
66 * the name is the same as what would be generated by ft_format_wwn()
67 * so the name and wwn are mapped one-to-one.
68 */
69static ssize_t ft_parse_wwn(const char *name, u64 *wwn, int strict)
70{
71 const char *cp;
72 char c;
73 u32 nibble;
74 u32 byte = 0;
75 u32 pos = 0;
76 u32 err;
77
78 *wwn = 0;
79 for (cp = name; cp < &name[FT_NAMELEN - 1]; cp++) {
80 c = *cp;
81 if (c == '\n' && cp[1] == '\0')
82 continue;
83 if (strict && pos++ == 2 && byte++ < 7) {
84 pos = 0;
85 if (c == ':')
86 continue;
87 err = 1;
88 goto fail;
89 }
90 if (c == '\0') {
91 err = 2;
92 if (strict && byte != 8)
93 goto fail;
94 return cp - name;
95 }
96 err = 3;
97 if (isdigit(c))
98 nibble = c - '0';
99 else if (isxdigit(c) && (islower(c) || !strict))
100 nibble = tolower(c) - 'a' + 10;
101 else
102 goto fail;
103 *wwn = (*wwn << 4) | nibble;
104 }
105 err = 4;
106fail:
6708bb27 107 pr_debug("err %u len %zu pos %u byte %u\n",
3699d92a
KP
108 err, cp - name, pos, byte);
109 return -1;
110}
111
112ssize_t ft_format_wwn(char *buf, size_t len, u64 wwn)
113{
114 u8 b[8];
115
116 put_unaligned_be64(wwn, b);
117 return snprintf(buf, len,
118 "%2.2x:%2.2x:%2.2x:%2.2x:%2.2x:%2.2x:%2.2x:%2.2x",
119 b[0], b[1], b[2], b[3], b[4], b[5], b[6], b[7]);
120}
121
122static ssize_t ft_wwn_show(void *arg, char *buf)
123{
124 u64 *wwn = arg;
125 ssize_t len;
126
127 len = ft_format_wwn(buf, PAGE_SIZE - 2, *wwn);
128 buf[len++] = '\n';
129 return len;
130}
131
132static ssize_t ft_wwn_store(void *arg, const char *buf, size_t len)
133{
134 ssize_t ret;
135 u64 wwn;
136
137 ret = ft_parse_wwn(buf, &wwn, 0);
138 if (ret > 0)
139 *(u64 *)arg = wwn;
140 return ret;
141}
142
143/*
144 * ACL auth ops.
145 */
146
147static ssize_t ft_nacl_show_port_name(
148 struct se_node_acl *se_nacl,
149 char *page)
150{
151 struct ft_node_acl *acl = container_of(se_nacl,
152 struct ft_node_acl, se_node_acl);
153
154 return ft_wwn_show(&acl->node_auth.port_name, page);
155}
156
157static ssize_t ft_nacl_store_port_name(
158 struct se_node_acl *se_nacl,
159 const char *page,
160 size_t count)
161{
162 struct ft_node_acl *acl = container_of(se_nacl,
163 struct ft_node_acl, se_node_acl);
164
165 return ft_wwn_store(&acl->node_auth.port_name, page, count);
166}
167
168TF_NACL_BASE_ATTR(ft, port_name, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
169
170static ssize_t ft_nacl_show_node_name(
171 struct se_node_acl *se_nacl,
172 char *page)
173{
174 struct ft_node_acl *acl = container_of(se_nacl,
175 struct ft_node_acl, se_node_acl);
176
177 return ft_wwn_show(&acl->node_auth.node_name, page);
178}
179
180static ssize_t ft_nacl_store_node_name(
181 struct se_node_acl *se_nacl,
182 const char *page,
183 size_t count)
184{
185 struct ft_node_acl *acl = container_of(se_nacl,
186 struct ft_node_acl, se_node_acl);
187
188 return ft_wwn_store(&acl->node_auth.node_name, page, count);
189}
190
191TF_NACL_BASE_ATTR(ft, node_name, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
192
193static struct configfs_attribute *ft_nacl_base_attrs[] = {
194 &ft_nacl_port_name.attr,
195 &ft_nacl_node_name.attr,
196 NULL,
197};
198
199/*
200 * ACL ops.
201 */
202
203/*
204 * Add ACL for an initiator. The ACL is named arbitrarily.
205 * The port_name and/or node_name are attributes.
206 */
207static struct se_node_acl *ft_add_acl(
208 struct se_portal_group *se_tpg,
209 struct config_group *group,
210 const char *name)
211{
212 struct ft_node_acl *acl;
213 struct ft_tpg *tpg;
214 u64 wwpn;
215 u32 q_depth;
216
6708bb27 217 pr_debug("add acl %s\n", name);
3699d92a
KP
218 tpg = container_of(se_tpg, struct ft_tpg, se_tpg);
219
220 if (ft_parse_wwn(name, &wwpn, 1) < 0)
221 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
222
223 acl = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ft_node_acl), GFP_KERNEL);
2be18149 224 if (!acl)
3699d92a
KP
225 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
226 acl->node_auth.port_name = wwpn;
227
228 q_depth = 32; /* XXX bogus default - get from tpg? */
229 return core_tpg_add_initiator_node_acl(&tpg->se_tpg,
230 &acl->se_node_acl, name, q_depth);
231}
232
233static void ft_del_acl(struct se_node_acl *se_acl)
234{
235 struct se_portal_group *se_tpg = se_acl->se_tpg;
236 struct ft_tpg *tpg;
237 struct ft_node_acl *acl = container_of(se_acl,
238 struct ft_node_acl, se_node_acl);
239
6708bb27 240 pr_debug("del acl %s\n",
3699d92a
KP
241 config_item_name(&se_acl->acl_group.cg_item));
242
243 tpg = container_of(se_tpg, struct ft_tpg, se_tpg);
6708bb27 244 pr_debug("del acl %p se_acl %p tpg %p se_tpg %p\n",
3699d92a
KP
245 acl, se_acl, tpg, &tpg->se_tpg);
246
247 core_tpg_del_initiator_node_acl(&tpg->se_tpg, se_acl, 1);
248 kfree(acl);
249}
250
251struct ft_node_acl *ft_acl_get(struct ft_tpg *tpg, struct fc_rport_priv *rdata)
252{
253 struct ft_node_acl *found = NULL;
254 struct ft_node_acl *acl;
255 struct se_portal_group *se_tpg = &tpg->se_tpg;
256 struct se_node_acl *se_acl;
257
28638887 258 spin_lock_irq(&se_tpg->acl_node_lock);
3699d92a
KP
259 list_for_each_entry(se_acl, &se_tpg->acl_node_list, acl_list) {
260 acl = container_of(se_acl, struct ft_node_acl, se_node_acl);
6708bb27 261 pr_debug("acl %p port_name %llx\n",
3699d92a
KP
262 acl, (unsigned long long)acl->node_auth.port_name);
263 if (acl->node_auth.port_name == rdata->ids.port_name ||
264 acl->node_auth.node_name == rdata->ids.node_name) {
6708bb27 265 pr_debug("acl %p port_name %llx matched\n", acl,
3699d92a
KP
266 (unsigned long long)rdata->ids.port_name);
267 found = acl;
268 /* XXX need to hold onto ACL */
269 break;
270 }
271 }
28638887 272 spin_unlock_irq(&se_tpg->acl_node_lock);
3699d92a
KP
273 return found;
274}
275
276struct se_node_acl *ft_tpg_alloc_fabric_acl(struct se_portal_group *se_tpg)
277{
278 struct ft_node_acl *acl;
279
280 acl = kzalloc(sizeof(*acl), GFP_KERNEL);
2be18149 281 if (!acl) {
6708bb27 282 pr_err("Unable to allocate struct ft_node_acl\n");
3699d92a
KP
283 return NULL;
284 }
6708bb27 285 pr_debug("acl %p\n", acl);
3699d92a
KP
286 return &acl->se_node_acl;
287}
288
289static void ft_tpg_release_fabric_acl(struct se_portal_group *se_tpg,
290 struct se_node_acl *se_acl)
291{
292 struct ft_node_acl *acl = container_of(se_acl,
293 struct ft_node_acl, se_node_acl);
294
6708bb27 295 pr_debug("acl %p\n", acl);
3699d92a
KP
296 kfree(acl);
297}
298
299/*
300 * local_port port_group (tpg) ops.
301 */
302static struct se_portal_group *ft_add_tpg(
303 struct se_wwn *wwn,
304 struct config_group *group,
305 const char *name)
306{
307 struct ft_lport_acl *lacl;
308 struct ft_tpg *tpg;
309 unsigned long index;
310 int ret;
311
6708bb27 312 pr_debug("tcm_fc: add tpg %s\n", name);
3699d92a
KP
313
314 /*
315 * Name must be "tpgt_" followed by the index.
316 */
317 if (strstr(name, "tpgt_") != name)
318 return NULL;
319 if (strict_strtoul(name + 5, 10, &index) || index > UINT_MAX)
320 return NULL;
321
322 lacl = container_of(wwn, struct ft_lport_acl, fc_lport_wwn);
323 tpg = kzalloc(sizeof(*tpg), GFP_KERNEL);
324 if (!tpg)
325 return NULL;
326 tpg->index = index;
327 tpg->lport_acl = lacl;
328 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tpg->lun_list);
3699d92a
KP
329
330 ret = core_tpg_register(&ft_configfs->tf_ops, wwn, &tpg->se_tpg,
5951146d 331 tpg, TRANSPORT_TPG_TYPE_NORMAL);
3699d92a
KP
332 if (ret < 0) {
333 kfree(tpg);
334 return NULL;
335 }
336
58fc73d1
CH
337 tpg->workqueue = alloc_workqueue("tcm_fc", 0, 1);
338 if (!tpg->workqueue) {
3699d92a
KP
339 kfree(tpg);
340 return NULL;
341 }
342
343 mutex_lock(&ft_lport_lock);
344 list_add_tail(&tpg->list, &lacl->tpg_list);
345 mutex_unlock(&ft_lport_lock);
346
347 return &tpg->se_tpg;
348}
349
350static void ft_del_tpg(struct se_portal_group *se_tpg)
351{
352 struct ft_tpg *tpg = container_of(se_tpg, struct ft_tpg, se_tpg);
353
6708bb27 354 pr_debug("del tpg %s\n",
3699d92a
KP
355 config_item_name(&tpg->se_tpg.tpg_group.cg_item));
356
58fc73d1 357 destroy_workqueue(tpg->workqueue);
3699d92a
KP
358
359 /* Wait for sessions to be freed thru RCU, for BUG_ON below */
360 synchronize_rcu();
361
362 mutex_lock(&ft_lport_lock);
363 list_del(&tpg->list);
364 if (tpg->tport) {
365 tpg->tport->tpg = NULL;
366 tpg->tport = NULL;
367 }
368 mutex_unlock(&ft_lport_lock);
369
370 core_tpg_deregister(se_tpg);
371 kfree(tpg);
372}
373
374/*
375 * Verify that an lport is configured to use the tcm_fc module, and return
376 * the target port group that should be used.
377 *
378 * The caller holds ft_lport_lock.
379 */
380struct ft_tpg *ft_lport_find_tpg(struct fc_lport *lport)
381{
382 struct ft_lport_acl *lacl;
383 struct ft_tpg *tpg;
384
385 list_for_each_entry(lacl, &ft_lport_list, list) {
386 if (lacl->wwpn == lport->wwpn) {
387 list_for_each_entry(tpg, &lacl->tpg_list, list)
388 return tpg; /* XXX for now return first entry */
389 return NULL;
390 }
391 }
392 return NULL;
393}
394
395/*
396 * target config instance ops.
397 */
398
399/*
400 * Add lport to allowed config.
401 * The name is the WWPN in lower-case ASCII, colon-separated bytes.
402 */
403static struct se_wwn *ft_add_lport(
404 struct target_fabric_configfs *tf,
405 struct config_group *group,
406 const char *name)
407{
408 struct ft_lport_acl *lacl;
409 struct ft_lport_acl *old_lacl;
410 u64 wwpn;
411
6708bb27 412 pr_debug("add lport %s\n", name);
3699d92a
KP
413 if (ft_parse_wwn(name, &wwpn, 1) < 0)
414 return NULL;
415 lacl = kzalloc(sizeof(*lacl), GFP_KERNEL);
416 if (!lacl)
417 return NULL;
418 lacl->wwpn = wwpn;
419 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lacl->tpg_list);
420
421 mutex_lock(&ft_lport_lock);
422 list_for_each_entry(old_lacl, &ft_lport_list, list) {
423 if (old_lacl->wwpn == wwpn) {
424 mutex_unlock(&ft_lport_lock);
425 kfree(lacl);
426 return NULL;
427 }
428 }
429 list_add_tail(&lacl->list, &ft_lport_list);
430 ft_format_wwn(lacl->name, sizeof(lacl->name), wwpn);
431 mutex_unlock(&ft_lport_lock);
432
433 return &lacl->fc_lport_wwn;
434}
435
436static void ft_del_lport(struct se_wwn *wwn)
437{
438 struct ft_lport_acl *lacl = container_of(wwn,
439 struct ft_lport_acl, fc_lport_wwn);
440
6708bb27 441 pr_debug("del lport %s\n",
3699d92a
KP
442 config_item_name(&wwn->wwn_group.cg_item));
443 mutex_lock(&ft_lport_lock);
444 list_del(&lacl->list);
445 mutex_unlock(&ft_lport_lock);
446
447 kfree(lacl);
448}
449
450static ssize_t ft_wwn_show_attr_version(
451 struct target_fabric_configfs *tf,
452 char *page)
453{
454 return sprintf(page, "TCM FC " FT_VERSION " on %s/%s on "
455 ""UTS_RELEASE"\n", utsname()->sysname, utsname()->machine);
456}
457
458TF_WWN_ATTR_RO(ft, version);
459
460static struct configfs_attribute *ft_wwn_attrs[] = {
461 &ft_wwn_version.attr,
462 NULL,
463};
464
465static char *ft_get_fabric_name(void)
466{
467 return "fc";
468}
469
470static char *ft_get_fabric_wwn(struct se_portal_group *se_tpg)
471{
472 struct ft_tpg *tpg = se_tpg->se_tpg_fabric_ptr;
473
474 return tpg->lport_acl->name;
475}
476
477static u16 ft_get_tag(struct se_portal_group *se_tpg)
478{
479 struct ft_tpg *tpg = se_tpg->se_tpg_fabric_ptr;
480
481 /*
482 * This tag is used when forming SCSI Name identifier in EVPD=1 0x83
483 * to represent the SCSI Target Port.
484 */
485 return tpg->index;
486}
487
488static u32 ft_get_default_depth(struct se_portal_group *se_tpg)
489{
490 return 1;
491}
492
493static int ft_check_false(struct se_portal_group *se_tpg)
494{
495 return 0;
496}
497
498static void ft_set_default_node_attr(struct se_node_acl *se_nacl)
499{
500}
501
502static u16 ft_get_fabric_sense_len(void)
503{
504 return 0;
505}
506
507static u16 ft_set_fabric_sense_len(struct se_cmd *se_cmd, u32 sense_len)
508{
509 return 0;
510}
511
512static u32 ft_tpg_get_inst_index(struct se_portal_group *se_tpg)
513{
514 struct ft_tpg *tpg = se_tpg->se_tpg_fabric_ptr;
515
516 return tpg->index;
517}
518
3699d92a
KP
519static struct target_core_fabric_ops ft_fabric_ops = {
520 .get_fabric_name = ft_get_fabric_name,
521 .get_fabric_proto_ident = fc_get_fabric_proto_ident,
522 .tpg_get_wwn = ft_get_fabric_wwn,
523 .tpg_get_tag = ft_get_tag,
524 .tpg_get_default_depth = ft_get_default_depth,
525 .tpg_get_pr_transport_id = fc_get_pr_transport_id,
526 .tpg_get_pr_transport_id_len = fc_get_pr_transport_id_len,
527 .tpg_parse_pr_out_transport_id = fc_parse_pr_out_transport_id,
528 .tpg_check_demo_mode = ft_check_false,
529 .tpg_check_demo_mode_cache = ft_check_false,
530 .tpg_check_demo_mode_write_protect = ft_check_false,
531 .tpg_check_prod_mode_write_protect = ft_check_false,
532 .tpg_alloc_fabric_acl = ft_tpg_alloc_fabric_acl,
533 .tpg_release_fabric_acl = ft_tpg_release_fabric_acl,
534 .tpg_get_inst_index = ft_tpg_get_inst_index,
535 .check_stop_free = ft_check_stop_free,
35462975 536 .release_cmd = ft_release_cmd,
3699d92a
KP
537 .shutdown_session = ft_sess_shutdown,
538 .close_session = ft_sess_close,
539 .stop_session = ft_sess_stop,
540 .fall_back_to_erl0 = ft_sess_set_erl0,
541 .sess_logged_in = ft_sess_logged_in,
542 .sess_get_index = ft_sess_get_index,
543 .sess_get_initiator_sid = NULL,
544 .write_pending = ft_write_pending,
545 .write_pending_status = ft_write_pending_status,
546 .set_default_node_attributes = ft_set_default_node_attr,
547 .get_task_tag = ft_get_task_tag,
548 .get_cmd_state = ft_get_cmd_state,
3699d92a
KP
549 .queue_data_in = ft_queue_data_in,
550 .queue_status = ft_queue_status,
551 .queue_tm_rsp = ft_queue_tm_resp,
552 .get_fabric_sense_len = ft_get_fabric_sense_len,
553 .set_fabric_sense_len = ft_set_fabric_sense_len,
554 .is_state_remove = ft_is_state_remove,
3699d92a
KP
555 /*
556 * Setup function pointers for generic logic in
557 * target_core_fabric_configfs.c
558 */
559 .fabric_make_wwn = &ft_add_lport,
560 .fabric_drop_wwn = &ft_del_lport,
561 .fabric_make_tpg = &ft_add_tpg,
562 .fabric_drop_tpg = &ft_del_tpg,
563 .fabric_post_link = NULL,
564 .fabric_pre_unlink = NULL,
565 .fabric_make_np = NULL,
566 .fabric_drop_np = NULL,
567 .fabric_make_nodeacl = &ft_add_acl,
568 .fabric_drop_nodeacl = &ft_del_acl,
569};
570
571int ft_register_configfs(void)
572{
573 struct target_fabric_configfs *fabric;
574 int ret;
575
576 /*
577 * Register the top level struct config_item_type with TCM core
578 */
579 fabric = target_fabric_configfs_init(THIS_MODULE, "fc");
e3d6f909 580 if (IS_ERR(fabric)) {
6708bb27 581 pr_err("%s: target_fabric_configfs_init() failed!\n",
3699d92a 582 __func__);
e3d6f909 583 return PTR_ERR(fabric);
3699d92a
KP
584 }
585 fabric->tf_ops = ft_fabric_ops;
586
587 /* Allowing support for task_sg_chaining */
588 fabric->tf_ops.task_sg_chaining = 1;
589
590 /*
591 * Setup default attribute lists for various fabric->tf_cit_tmpl
592 */
593 TF_CIT_TMPL(fabric)->tfc_wwn_cit.ct_attrs = ft_wwn_attrs;
594 TF_CIT_TMPL(fabric)->tfc_tpg_base_cit.ct_attrs = NULL;
595 TF_CIT_TMPL(fabric)->tfc_tpg_attrib_cit.ct_attrs = NULL;
596 TF_CIT_TMPL(fabric)->tfc_tpg_param_cit.ct_attrs = NULL;
597 TF_CIT_TMPL(fabric)->tfc_tpg_np_base_cit.ct_attrs = NULL;
598 TF_CIT_TMPL(fabric)->tfc_tpg_nacl_base_cit.ct_attrs =
599 ft_nacl_base_attrs;
600 TF_CIT_TMPL(fabric)->tfc_tpg_nacl_attrib_cit.ct_attrs = NULL;
601 TF_CIT_TMPL(fabric)->tfc_tpg_nacl_auth_cit.ct_attrs = NULL;
602 TF_CIT_TMPL(fabric)->tfc_tpg_nacl_param_cit.ct_attrs = NULL;
603 /*
604 * register the fabric for use within TCM
605 */
606 ret = target_fabric_configfs_register(fabric);
607 if (ret < 0) {
6708bb27 608 pr_debug("target_fabric_configfs_register() for"
3699d92a 609 " FC Target failed!\n");
3699d92a
KP
610 target_fabric_configfs_free(fabric);
611 return -1;
612 }
613
614 /*
615 * Setup our local pointer to *fabric.
616 */
617 ft_configfs = fabric;
618 return 0;
619}
620
621void ft_deregister_configfs(void)
622{
623 if (!ft_configfs)
624 return;
625 target_fabric_configfs_deregister(ft_configfs);
626 ft_configfs = NULL;
627}
628
629static struct notifier_block ft_notifier = {
630 .notifier_call = ft_lport_notify
631};
632
633static int __init ft_init(void)
634{
635 if (ft_register_configfs())
636 return -1;
637 if (fc_fc4_register_provider(FC_TYPE_FCP, &ft_prov)) {
638 ft_deregister_configfs();
639 return -1;
640 }
641 blocking_notifier_chain_register(&fc_lport_notifier_head, &ft_notifier);
642 fc_lport_iterate(ft_lport_add, NULL);
643 return 0;
644}
645
646static void __exit ft_exit(void)
647{
648 blocking_notifier_chain_unregister(&fc_lport_notifier_head,
649 &ft_notifier);
650 fc_fc4_deregister_provider(FC_TYPE_FCP, &ft_prov);
651 fc_lport_iterate(ft_lport_del, NULL);
652 ft_deregister_configfs();
653 synchronize_rcu();
654}
655
3699d92a
KP
656MODULE_DESCRIPTION("FC TCM fabric driver " FT_VERSION);
657MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
658module_init(ft_init);
659module_exit(ft_exit);
This page took 0.092002 seconds and 5 git commands to generate.