Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
1da177e4 LT |
1 | /* |
2 | * Backlight Lowlevel Control Abstraction | |
3 | * | |
4 | * Copyright (C) 2003,2004 Hewlett-Packard Company | |
5 | * | |
6 | */ | |
7 | ||
35f96162 JH |
8 | #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt |
9 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
10 | #include <linux/module.h> |
11 | #include <linux/init.h> | |
12 | #include <linux/device.h> | |
13 | #include <linux/backlight.h> | |
14 | #include <linux/notifier.h> | |
15 | #include <linux/ctype.h> | |
16 | #include <linux/err.h> | |
17 | #include <linux/fb.h> | |
5a0e3ad6 | 18 | #include <linux/slab.h> |
1da177e4 | 19 | |
321709c5 RP |
20 | #ifdef CONFIG_PMAC_BACKLIGHT |
21 | #include <asm/backlight.h> | |
22 | #endif | |
3d5eeadd | 23 | |
c338bfb5 | 24 | static const char *const backlight_types[] = { |
bb7ca747 MG |
25 | [BACKLIGHT_RAW] = "raw", |
26 | [BACKLIGHT_PLATFORM] = "platform", | |
27 | [BACKLIGHT_FIRMWARE] = "firmware", | |
28 | }; | |
29 | ||
3d5eeadd JS |
30 | #if defined(CONFIG_FB) || (defined(CONFIG_FB_MODULE) && \ |
31 | defined(CONFIG_BACKLIGHT_CLASS_DEVICE_MODULE)) | |
32 | /* This callback gets called when something important happens inside a | |
33 | * framebuffer driver. We're looking if that important event is blanking, | |
34 | * and if it is, we're switching backlight power as well ... | |
35 | */ | |
36 | static int fb_notifier_callback(struct notifier_block *self, | |
37 | unsigned long event, void *data) | |
38 | { | |
39 | struct backlight_device *bd; | |
40 | struct fb_event *evdata = data; | |
41 | ||
42 | /* If we aren't interested in this event, skip it immediately ... */ | |
994efacd | 43 | if (event != FB_EVENT_BLANK && event != FB_EVENT_CONBLANK) |
3d5eeadd JS |
44 | return 0; |
45 | ||
46 | bd = container_of(self, struct backlight_device, fb_notif); | |
599a52d1 RP |
47 | mutex_lock(&bd->ops_lock); |
48 | if (bd->ops) | |
49 | if (!bd->ops->check_fb || | |
57e148b6 | 50 | bd->ops->check_fb(bd, evdata->info)) { |
599a52d1 | 51 | bd->props.fb_blank = *(int *)evdata->data; |
c835ee7f RP |
52 | if (bd->props.fb_blank == FB_BLANK_UNBLANK) |
53 | bd->props.state &= ~BL_CORE_FBBLANK; | |
54 | else | |
55 | bd->props.state |= BL_CORE_FBBLANK; | |
28ee086d | 56 | backlight_update_status(bd); |
3d5eeadd | 57 | } |
599a52d1 | 58 | mutex_unlock(&bd->ops_lock); |
3d5eeadd JS |
59 | return 0; |
60 | } | |
61 | ||
62 | static int backlight_register_fb(struct backlight_device *bd) | |
63 | { | |
64 | memset(&bd->fb_notif, 0, sizeof(bd->fb_notif)); | |
65 | bd->fb_notif.notifier_call = fb_notifier_callback; | |
66 | ||
67 | return fb_register_client(&bd->fb_notif); | |
68 | } | |
69 | ||
70 | static void backlight_unregister_fb(struct backlight_device *bd) | |
71 | { | |
72 | fb_unregister_client(&bd->fb_notif); | |
73 | } | |
74 | #else | |
75 | static inline int backlight_register_fb(struct backlight_device *bd) | |
76 | { | |
77 | return 0; | |
78 | } | |
79 | ||
80 | static inline void backlight_unregister_fb(struct backlight_device *bd) | |
81 | { | |
82 | } | |
83 | #endif /* CONFIG_FB */ | |
84 | ||
325253a6 MG |
85 | static void backlight_generate_event(struct backlight_device *bd, |
86 | enum backlight_update_reason reason) | |
87 | { | |
88 | char *envp[2]; | |
89 | ||
90 | switch (reason) { | |
91 | case BACKLIGHT_UPDATE_SYSFS: | |
92 | envp[0] = "SOURCE=sysfs"; | |
93 | break; | |
94 | case BACKLIGHT_UPDATE_HOTKEY: | |
95 | envp[0] = "SOURCE=hotkey"; | |
96 | break; | |
97 | default: | |
98 | envp[0] = "SOURCE=unknown"; | |
99 | break; | |
100 | } | |
101 | envp[1] = NULL; | |
102 | kobject_uevent_env(&bd->dev.kobj, KOBJ_CHANGE, envp); | |
89dfc28c | 103 | sysfs_notify(&bd->dev.kobj, NULL, "actual_brightness"); |
325253a6 MG |
104 | } |
105 | ||
ea1bb706 GKH |
106 | static ssize_t bl_power_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, |
107 | char *buf) | |
1da177e4 | 108 | { |
655bfd7a | 109 | struct backlight_device *bd = to_backlight_device(dev); |
1da177e4 | 110 | |
599a52d1 | 111 | return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", bd->props.power); |
1da177e4 LT |
112 | } |
113 | ||
ea1bb706 GKH |
114 | static ssize_t bl_power_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, |
115 | const char *buf, size_t count) | |
1da177e4 | 116 | { |
9a2c61a9 | 117 | int rc; |
655bfd7a | 118 | struct backlight_device *bd = to_backlight_device(dev); |
9a2c61a9 | 119 | unsigned long power; |
1da177e4 | 120 | |
66655760 | 121 | rc = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &power); |
9a2c61a9 PM |
122 | if (rc) |
123 | return rc; | |
1da177e4 | 124 | |
9a2c61a9 | 125 | rc = -ENXIO; |
599a52d1 RP |
126 | mutex_lock(&bd->ops_lock); |
127 | if (bd->ops) { | |
35f96162 | 128 | pr_debug("set power to %lu\n", power); |
51552453 HD |
129 | if (bd->props.power != power) { |
130 | bd->props.power = power; | |
131 | backlight_update_status(bd); | |
132 | } | |
1da177e4 | 133 | rc = count; |
6ca01765 | 134 | } |
599a52d1 | 135 | mutex_unlock(&bd->ops_lock); |
1da177e4 LT |
136 | |
137 | return rc; | |
138 | } | |
ea1bb706 | 139 | static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(bl_power); |
1da177e4 | 140 | |
ea1bb706 | 141 | static ssize_t brightness_show(struct device *dev, |
655bfd7a | 142 | struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) |
1da177e4 | 143 | { |
655bfd7a | 144 | struct backlight_device *bd = to_backlight_device(dev); |
1da177e4 | 145 | |
599a52d1 | 146 | return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", bd->props.brightness); |
1da177e4 LT |
147 | } |
148 | ||
ea1bb706 | 149 | static ssize_t brightness_store(struct device *dev, |
655bfd7a | 150 | struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count) |
1da177e4 | 151 | { |
9a2c61a9 | 152 | int rc; |
655bfd7a | 153 | struct backlight_device *bd = to_backlight_device(dev); |
9a2c61a9 | 154 | unsigned long brightness; |
1da177e4 | 155 | |
66655760 | 156 | rc = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &brightness); |
9a2c61a9 PM |
157 | if (rc) |
158 | return rc; | |
159 | ||
160 | rc = -ENXIO; | |
1da177e4 | 161 | |
599a52d1 RP |
162 | mutex_lock(&bd->ops_lock); |
163 | if (bd->ops) { | |
164 | if (brightness > bd->props.max_brightness) | |
6ca01765 RP |
165 | rc = -EINVAL; |
166 | else { | |
35f96162 | 167 | pr_debug("set brightness to %lu\n", brightness); |
9be1df98 ZR |
168 | bd->props.brightness = brightness; |
169 | backlight_update_status(bd); | |
6ca01765 RP |
170 | rc = count; |
171 | } | |
172 | } | |
599a52d1 | 173 | mutex_unlock(&bd->ops_lock); |
1da177e4 | 174 | |
325253a6 MG |
175 | backlight_generate_event(bd, BACKLIGHT_UPDATE_SYSFS); |
176 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
177 | return rc; |
178 | } | |
ea1bb706 | 179 | static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(brightness); |
1da177e4 | 180 | |
ea1bb706 GKH |
181 | static ssize_t type_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, |
182 | char *buf) | |
bb7ca747 MG |
183 | { |
184 | struct backlight_device *bd = to_backlight_device(dev); | |
185 | ||
186 | return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", backlight_types[bd->props.type]); | |
187 | } | |
ea1bb706 | 188 | static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(type); |
bb7ca747 | 189 | |
ea1bb706 | 190 | static ssize_t max_brightness_show(struct device *dev, |
655bfd7a | 191 | struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) |
1da177e4 | 192 | { |
655bfd7a | 193 | struct backlight_device *bd = to_backlight_device(dev); |
1da177e4 | 194 | |
599a52d1 | 195 | return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", bd->props.max_brightness); |
6ca01765 | 196 | } |
ea1bb706 | 197 | static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(max_brightness); |
6ca01765 | 198 | |
ea1bb706 | 199 | static ssize_t actual_brightness_show(struct device *dev, |
655bfd7a | 200 | struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) |
6ca01765 RP |
201 | { |
202 | int rc = -ENXIO; | |
655bfd7a | 203 | struct backlight_device *bd = to_backlight_device(dev); |
6ca01765 | 204 | |
599a52d1 RP |
205 | mutex_lock(&bd->ops_lock); |
206 | if (bd->ops && bd->ops->get_brightness) | |
207 | rc = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", bd->ops->get_brightness(bd)); | |
208 | mutex_unlock(&bd->ops_lock); | |
1da177e4 LT |
209 | |
210 | return rc; | |
211 | } | |
ea1bb706 | 212 | static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(actual_brightness); |
1da177e4 | 213 | |
0ad90efd | 214 | static struct class *backlight_class; |
655bfd7a | 215 | |
3601792e SK |
216 | #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP |
217 | static int backlight_suspend(struct device *dev) | |
c835ee7f RP |
218 | { |
219 | struct backlight_device *bd = to_backlight_device(dev); | |
220 | ||
d1d73578 UKK |
221 | mutex_lock(&bd->ops_lock); |
222 | if (bd->ops && bd->ops->options & BL_CORE_SUSPENDRESUME) { | |
c835ee7f RP |
223 | bd->props.state |= BL_CORE_SUSPENDED; |
224 | backlight_update_status(bd); | |
c835ee7f | 225 | } |
d1d73578 | 226 | mutex_unlock(&bd->ops_lock); |
c835ee7f RP |
227 | |
228 | return 0; | |
229 | } | |
230 | ||
231 | static int backlight_resume(struct device *dev) | |
232 | { | |
233 | struct backlight_device *bd = to_backlight_device(dev); | |
234 | ||
d1d73578 UKK |
235 | mutex_lock(&bd->ops_lock); |
236 | if (bd->ops && bd->ops->options & BL_CORE_SUSPENDRESUME) { | |
c835ee7f RP |
237 | bd->props.state &= ~BL_CORE_SUSPENDED; |
238 | backlight_update_status(bd); | |
c835ee7f | 239 | } |
d1d73578 | 240 | mutex_unlock(&bd->ops_lock); |
c835ee7f RP |
241 | |
242 | return 0; | |
243 | } | |
3601792e SK |
244 | #endif |
245 | ||
246 | static SIMPLE_DEV_PM_OPS(backlight_class_dev_pm_ops, backlight_suspend, | |
247 | backlight_resume); | |
c835ee7f | 248 | |
655bfd7a | 249 | static void bl_device_release(struct device *dev) |
1da177e4 LT |
250 | { |
251 | struct backlight_device *bd = to_backlight_device(dev); | |
252 | kfree(bd); | |
253 | } | |
254 | ||
ea1bb706 GKH |
255 | static struct attribute *bl_device_attrs[] = { |
256 | &dev_attr_bl_power.attr, | |
257 | &dev_attr_brightness.attr, | |
258 | &dev_attr_actual_brightness.attr, | |
259 | &dev_attr_max_brightness.attr, | |
260 | &dev_attr_type.attr, | |
261 | NULL, | |
1da177e4 | 262 | }; |
ea1bb706 | 263 | ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(bl_device); |
1da177e4 | 264 | |
325253a6 MG |
265 | /** |
266 | * backlight_force_update - tell the backlight subsystem that hardware state | |
267 | * has changed | |
268 | * @bd: the backlight device to update | |
269 | * | |
270 | * Updates the internal state of the backlight in response to a hardware event, | |
271 | * and generate a uevent to notify userspace | |
272 | */ | |
273 | void backlight_force_update(struct backlight_device *bd, | |
274 | enum backlight_update_reason reason) | |
275 | { | |
276 | mutex_lock(&bd->ops_lock); | |
277 | if (bd->ops && bd->ops->get_brightness) | |
278 | bd->props.brightness = bd->ops->get_brightness(bd); | |
279 | mutex_unlock(&bd->ops_lock); | |
280 | backlight_generate_event(bd, reason); | |
281 | } | |
282 | EXPORT_SYMBOL(backlight_force_update); | |
283 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
284 | /** |
285 | * backlight_device_register - create and register a new object of | |
286 | * backlight_device class. | |
287 | * @name: the name of the new object(must be the same as the name of the | |
288 | * respective framebuffer device). | |
f6ec2d96 | 289 | * @parent: a pointer to the parent device |
655bfd7a RP |
290 | * @devdata: an optional pointer to be stored for private driver use. The |
291 | * methods may retrieve it by using bl_get_data(bd). | |
599a52d1 | 292 | * @ops: the backlight operations structure. |
1da177e4 | 293 | * |
655bfd7a | 294 | * Creates and registers new backlight device. Returns either an |
1da177e4 LT |
295 | * ERR_PTR() or a pointer to the newly allocated device. |
296 | */ | |
519ab5f2 | 297 | struct backlight_device *backlight_device_register(const char *name, |
a19a6ee6 MG |
298 | struct device *parent, void *devdata, const struct backlight_ops *ops, |
299 | const struct backlight_properties *props) | |
1da177e4 | 300 | { |
1da177e4 | 301 | struct backlight_device *new_bd; |
655bfd7a | 302 | int rc; |
1da177e4 | 303 | |
655bfd7a | 304 | pr_debug("backlight_device_register: name=%s\n", name); |
1da177e4 | 305 | |
599a52d1 | 306 | new_bd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct backlight_device), GFP_KERNEL); |
90968e8e | 307 | if (!new_bd) |
10ad1b73 | 308 | return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); |
1da177e4 | 309 | |
28ee086d | 310 | mutex_init(&new_bd->update_lock); |
599a52d1 | 311 | mutex_init(&new_bd->ops_lock); |
1da177e4 | 312 | |
655bfd7a RP |
313 | new_bd->dev.class = backlight_class; |
314 | new_bd->dev.parent = parent; | |
315 | new_bd->dev.release = bl_device_release; | |
02aa2a37 | 316 | dev_set_name(&new_bd->dev, "%s", name); |
655bfd7a RP |
317 | dev_set_drvdata(&new_bd->dev, devdata); |
318 | ||
a19a6ee6 | 319 | /* Set default properties */ |
bb7ca747 | 320 | if (props) { |
a19a6ee6 MG |
321 | memcpy(&new_bd->props, props, |
322 | sizeof(struct backlight_properties)); | |
bb7ca747 MG |
323 | if (props->type <= 0 || props->type >= BACKLIGHT_TYPE_MAX) { |
324 | WARN(1, "%s: invalid backlight type", name); | |
325 | new_bd->props.type = BACKLIGHT_RAW; | |
326 | } | |
327 | } else { | |
328 | new_bd->props.type = BACKLIGHT_RAW; | |
329 | } | |
a19a6ee6 | 330 | |
655bfd7a | 331 | rc = device_register(&new_bd->dev); |
90968e8e | 332 | if (rc) { |
2fd5a154 | 333 | kfree(new_bd); |
1da177e4 LT |
334 | return ERR_PTR(rc); |
335 | } | |
336 | ||
3d5eeadd | 337 | rc = backlight_register_fb(new_bd); |
2fd5a154 | 338 | if (rc) { |
655bfd7a | 339 | device_unregister(&new_bd->dev); |
2fd5a154 DT |
340 | return ERR_PTR(rc); |
341 | } | |
342 | ||
655bfd7a | 343 | new_bd->ops = ops; |
1da177e4 | 344 | |
321709c5 RP |
345 | #ifdef CONFIG_PMAC_BACKLIGHT |
346 | mutex_lock(&pmac_backlight_mutex); | |
347 | if (!pmac_backlight) | |
348 | pmac_backlight = new_bd; | |
349 | mutex_unlock(&pmac_backlight_mutex); | |
350 | #endif | |
351 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
352 | return new_bd; |
353 | } | |
354 | EXPORT_SYMBOL(backlight_device_register); | |
355 | ||
356 | /** | |
357 | * backlight_device_unregister - unregisters a backlight device object. | |
358 | * @bd: the backlight device object to be unregistered and freed. | |
359 | * | |
360 | * Unregisters a previously registered via backlight_device_register object. | |
361 | */ | |
362 | void backlight_device_unregister(struct backlight_device *bd) | |
363 | { | |
1da177e4 LT |
364 | if (!bd) |
365 | return; | |
366 | ||
321709c5 RP |
367 | #ifdef CONFIG_PMAC_BACKLIGHT |
368 | mutex_lock(&pmac_backlight_mutex); | |
369 | if (pmac_backlight == bd) | |
370 | pmac_backlight = NULL; | |
371 | mutex_unlock(&pmac_backlight_mutex); | |
372 | #endif | |
599a52d1 RP |
373 | mutex_lock(&bd->ops_lock); |
374 | bd->ops = NULL; | |
375 | mutex_unlock(&bd->ops_lock); | |
1da177e4 | 376 | |
3d5eeadd | 377 | backlight_unregister_fb(bd); |
655bfd7a | 378 | device_unregister(&bd->dev); |
1da177e4 LT |
379 | } |
380 | EXPORT_SYMBOL(backlight_device_unregister); | |
381 | ||
8318fde4 JH |
382 | static void devm_backlight_device_release(struct device *dev, void *res) |
383 | { | |
384 | struct backlight_device *backlight = *(struct backlight_device **)res; | |
385 | ||
386 | backlight_device_unregister(backlight); | |
387 | } | |
388 | ||
389 | static int devm_backlight_device_match(struct device *dev, void *res, | |
390 | void *data) | |
391 | { | |
392 | struct backlight_device **r = res; | |
393 | ||
394 | return *r == data; | |
395 | } | |
396 | ||
397 | /** | |
398 | * devm_backlight_device_register - resource managed backlight_device_register() | |
399 | * @dev: the device to register | |
400 | * @name: the name of the device | |
401 | * @parent: a pointer to the parent device | |
402 | * @devdata: an optional pointer to be stored for private driver use | |
403 | * @ops: the backlight operations structure | |
404 | * @props: the backlight properties | |
405 | * | |
406 | * @return a struct backlight on success, or an ERR_PTR on error | |
407 | * | |
408 | * Managed backlight_device_register(). The backlight_device returned | |
409 | * from this function are automatically freed on driver detach. | |
410 | * See backlight_device_register() for more information. | |
411 | */ | |
412 | struct backlight_device *devm_backlight_device_register(struct device *dev, | |
413 | const char *name, struct device *parent, void *devdata, | |
414 | const struct backlight_ops *ops, | |
415 | const struct backlight_properties *props) | |
416 | { | |
417 | struct backlight_device **ptr, *backlight; | |
418 | ||
419 | ptr = devres_alloc(devm_backlight_device_release, sizeof(*ptr), | |
420 | GFP_KERNEL); | |
421 | if (!ptr) | |
422 | return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); | |
423 | ||
424 | backlight = backlight_device_register(name, parent, devdata, ops, | |
425 | props); | |
426 | if (!IS_ERR(backlight)) { | |
427 | *ptr = backlight; | |
428 | devres_add(dev, ptr); | |
429 | } else { | |
430 | devres_free(ptr); | |
431 | } | |
432 | ||
433 | return backlight; | |
434 | } | |
435 | EXPORT_SYMBOL(devm_backlight_device_register); | |
436 | ||
437 | /** | |
438 | * devm_backlight_device_unregister - resource managed backlight_device_unregister() | |
439 | * @dev: the device to unregister | |
440 | * @bd: the backlight device to unregister | |
441 | * | |
442 | * Deallocated a backlight allocated with devm_backlight_device_register(). | |
443 | * Normally this function will not need to be called and the resource management | |
444 | * code will ensure that the resource is freed. | |
445 | */ | |
446 | void devm_backlight_device_unregister(struct device *dev, | |
447 | struct backlight_device *bd) | |
448 | { | |
449 | int rc; | |
450 | ||
451 | rc = devres_release(dev, devm_backlight_device_release, | |
452 | devm_backlight_device_match, bd); | |
453 | WARN_ON(rc); | |
454 | } | |
455 | EXPORT_SYMBOL(devm_backlight_device_unregister); | |
456 | ||
762a936f | 457 | #ifdef CONFIG_OF |
3213f631 | 458 | static int of_parent_match(struct device *dev, const void *data) |
762a936f TR |
459 | { |
460 | return dev->parent && dev->parent->of_node == data; | |
461 | } | |
462 | ||
463 | /** | |
464 | * of_find_backlight_by_node() - find backlight device by device-tree node | |
465 | * @node: device-tree node of the backlight device | |
466 | * | |
467 | * Returns a pointer to the backlight device corresponding to the given DT | |
468 | * node or NULL if no such backlight device exists or if the device hasn't | |
469 | * been probed yet. | |
470 | * | |
471 | * This function obtains a reference on the backlight device and it is the | |
472 | * caller's responsibility to drop the reference by calling put_device() on | |
473 | * the backlight device's .dev field. | |
474 | */ | |
475 | struct backlight_device *of_find_backlight_by_node(struct device_node *node) | |
476 | { | |
477 | struct device *dev; | |
478 | ||
479 | dev = class_find_device(backlight_class, NULL, node, of_parent_match); | |
480 | ||
481 | return dev ? to_backlight_device(dev) : NULL; | |
482 | } | |
483 | EXPORT_SYMBOL(of_find_backlight_by_node); | |
484 | #endif | |
485 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
486 | static void __exit backlight_class_exit(void) |
487 | { | |
655bfd7a | 488 | class_destroy(backlight_class); |
1da177e4 LT |
489 | } |
490 | ||
491 | static int __init backlight_class_init(void) | |
492 | { | |
655bfd7a RP |
493 | backlight_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "backlight"); |
494 | if (IS_ERR(backlight_class)) { | |
35f96162 JH |
495 | pr_warn("Unable to create backlight class; errno = %ld\n", |
496 | PTR_ERR(backlight_class)); | |
655bfd7a RP |
497 | return PTR_ERR(backlight_class); |
498 | } | |
499 | ||
ea1bb706 | 500 | backlight_class->dev_groups = bl_device_groups; |
3601792e | 501 | backlight_class->pm = &backlight_class_dev_pm_ops; |
655bfd7a | 502 | return 0; |
1da177e4 LT |
503 | } |
504 | ||
505 | /* | |
506 | * if this is compiled into the kernel, we need to ensure that the | |
507 | * class is registered before users of the class try to register lcd's | |
508 | */ | |
509 | postcore_initcall(backlight_class_init); | |
510 | module_exit(backlight_class_exit); | |
511 | ||
512 | MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); | |
513 | MODULE_AUTHOR("Jamey Hicks <jamey.hicks@hp.com>, Andrew Zabolotny <zap@homelink.ru>"); | |
514 | MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Backlight Lowlevel Control Abstraction"); |