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1 | @c The GNU Free Documentation License. |
2 | @center Version 1.2, November 2002 | |
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4 | @c This file is intended to be included within another document, |
5 | @c hence no sectioning command or @node. | |
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6 | |
7 | @display | |
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8 | Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
9 | 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA | |
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10 | |
11 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
12 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
13 | @end display | |
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15 | @enumerate 0 |
16 | @item | |
17 | PREAMBLE | |
18 | ||
19 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
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20 | functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to |
21 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | |
22 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. | |
23 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way | |
24 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible | |
25 | for modifications made by others. | |
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26 | |
27 | This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative | |
28 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | |
29 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
30 | license designed for free software. | |
31 | ||
32 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
33 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
34 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
35 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
36 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
37 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
38 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
39 | ||
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40 | @item |
41 | APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
42 | ||
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43 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
44 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | |
45 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | |
46 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | |
47 | work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, | |
48 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a | |
49 | licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you | |
50 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission | |
51 | under copyright law. | |
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52 | |
53 | A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the | |
54 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
55 | modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
56 | ||
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57 | A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section |
58 | of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
59 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall | |
60 | subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall | |
61 | directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in | |
62 | part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain | |
63 | any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
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64 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
65 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
66 | them. | |
67 | ||
68 | The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
69 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
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70 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
71 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | |
72 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | |
73 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | |
74 | Sections then there are none. | |
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75 | |
76 | The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
77 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
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78 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
79 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | |
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80 | |
81 | A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
82 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
655c27c1 | 83 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
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84 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
85 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
86 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
87 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
88 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
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89 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
90 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | |
91 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | |
92 | of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''. | |
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93 | |
94 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
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95 | @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input |
96 | format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available | |
97 | @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML}, | |
98 | PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples | |
99 | of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and | |
100 | @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be | |
101 | read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or | |
102 | @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are | |
103 | not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML}, | |
104 | PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for | |
105 | output purposes only. | |
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106 | |
107 | The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
108 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
109 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
110 | formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means | |
111 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
112 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
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113 | |
114 | A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose | |
115 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | |
116 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | |
117 | specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', | |
118 | ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' | |
119 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a | |
120 | section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. | |
121 | ||
122 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | |
123 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | |
124 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | |
125 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | |
126 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | |
127 | no effect on the meaning of this License. | |
128 | ||
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129 | @item |
130 | VERBATIM COPYING | |
131 | ||
132 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
133 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
134 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
135 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
136 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
137 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
138 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
139 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
140 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
141 | ||
142 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
143 | you may publicly display copies. | |
655c27c1 | 144 | |
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145 | @item |
146 | COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
147 | ||
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148 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
149 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | |
150 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | |
151 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
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152 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
153 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
154 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
155 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
156 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
157 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
158 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
159 | as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
160 | ||
161 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
162 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
163 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
164 | pages. | |
165 | ||
166 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
167 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
168 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
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169 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
170 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | |
171 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | |
172 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | |
173 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | |
174 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | |
175 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | |
176 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | |
177 | edition to the public. | |
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178 | |
179 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
180 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
181 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
655c27c1 | 182 | |
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183 | @item |
184 | MODIFICATIONS | |
185 | ||
186 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
187 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
188 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
189 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
190 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
191 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
192 | ||
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193 | @enumerate A |
194 | @item | |
195 | Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
196 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
197 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
198 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
199 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission. | |
200 | ||
201 | @item | |
202 | List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
203 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
204 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
205 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), | |
206 | unless they release you from this requirement. | |
207 | ||
208 | @item | |
209 | State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | |
210 | Modified Version, as the publisher. | |
211 | ||
212 | @item | |
213 | Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. | |
214 | ||
215 | @item | |
216 | Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
217 | adjacent to the other copyright notices. | |
218 | ||
219 | @item | |
220 | Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
221 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
222 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. | |
223 | ||
224 | @item | |
225 | Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
226 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. | |
227 | ||
228 | @item | |
229 | Include an unaltered copy of this License. | |
230 | ||
231 | @item | |
232 | Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add | |
233 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | |
234 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If | |
235 | there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one | |
236 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as | |
237 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
238 | Version as stated in the previous sentence. | |
239 | ||
240 | @item | |
241 | Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
242 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
243 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
244 | it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. | |
245 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
246 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
247 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. | |
248 | ||
249 | @item | |
250 | For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve | |
251 | the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the | |
252 | substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or | |
253 | dedications given therein. | |
254 | ||
255 | @item | |
256 | Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
257 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
258 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. | |
259 | ||
260 | @item | |
261 | Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section | |
262 | may not be included in the Modified Version. | |
263 | ||
264 | @item | |
265 | Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or | |
266 | to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. | |
267 | ||
268 | @item | |
269 | Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. | |
270 | @end enumerate | |
271 | ||
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272 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
273 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
274 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
275 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
276 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
277 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
278 | ||
655c27c1 | 279 | You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains |
3422b41a | 280 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
655c27c1 | 281 | parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
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282 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
283 | standard. | |
284 | ||
285 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
286 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
287 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
288 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
289 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
290 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
291 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
292 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
293 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
294 | ||
295 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
296 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
297 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
655c27c1 | 298 | |
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299 | @item |
300 | COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
301 | ||
302 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
303 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
304 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
305 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
306 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
655c27c1 | 307 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
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308 | |
309 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
310 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
311 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
312 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
313 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
314 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
315 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
316 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
317 | ||
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318 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' |
319 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | |
320 | ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | |
321 | and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all | |
322 | sections Entitled ``Endorsements.'' | |
323 | ||
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324 | @item |
325 | COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
326 | ||
327 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
328 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
329 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
330 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
331 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
332 | ||
333 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
334 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
335 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
336 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
655c27c1 | 337 | |
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338 | @item |
339 | AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
340 | ||
341 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
342 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
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343 | distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright |
344 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | |
345 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | |
346 | When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not | |
347 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | |
348 | derivative works of the Document. | |
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349 | |
350 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
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351 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
352 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
353 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | |
354 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | |
355 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | |
356 | aggregate. | |
357 | ||
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358 | @item |
359 | TRANSLATION | |
360 | ||
361 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
362 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
363 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
364 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
365 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
366 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
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367 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
368 | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include | |
369 | the original English version of this License and the original versions | |
370 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | |
371 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | |
372 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | |
373 | ||
374 | If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | |
375 | ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | |
376 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual | |
377 | title. | |
378 | ||
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379 | @item |
380 | TERMINATION | |
381 | ||
382 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | |
383 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | |
384 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | |
385 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | |
386 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | |
387 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
388 | parties remain in full compliance. | |
655c27c1 | 389 | |
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390 | @item |
391 | FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
392 | ||
393 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
394 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
395 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
396 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
655c27c1 | 397 | @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}. |
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398 | |
399 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
400 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
401 | License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of | |
402 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
403 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
404 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
405 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
406 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | |
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407 | @end enumerate |
408 | ||
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409 | @page |
410 | @heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | |
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411 | |
412 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
413 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
414 | license notices just after the title page: | |
415 | ||
416 | @smallexample | |
417 | @group | |
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418 | Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. |
419 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
420 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 | |
421 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; | |
422 | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover | |
423 | Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU | |
424 | Free Documentation License''. | |
425 | @end group | |
426 | @end smallexample | |
427 | ||
428 | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, | |
429 | replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this: | |
430 | ||
431 | @smallexample | |
432 | @group | |
433 | with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with | |
434 | the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts | |
435 | being @var{list}. | |
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436 | @end group |
437 | @end smallexample | |
438 | ||
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439 | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
440 | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | |
441 | situation. | |
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442 | |
443 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
444 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
445 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
446 | to permit their use in free software. | |
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447 | |
448 | @c Local Variables: | |
449 | @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" | |
450 | @c End: | |
451 |