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1 | @c The GNU Free Documentation License. |
2 | @center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 | |
3 | ||
4 | @c This file is intended to be included within another document, | |
5 | @c hence no sectioning command or @node. | |
6 | ||
7 | @display | |
8 | Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
9 | @uref{http://fsf.org/} | |
10 | ||
11 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
12 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
13 | @end display | |
14 | ||
15 | @enumerate 0 | |
16 | @item | |
17 | PREAMBLE | |
18 | ||
19 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
20 | functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to | |
21 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | |
22 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. | |
23 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way | |
24 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible | |
25 | for modifications made by others. | |
26 | ||
27 | This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative | |
28 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | |
29 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
30 | license designed for free software. | |
31 | ||
32 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
33 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
34 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
35 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
36 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
37 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
38 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
39 | ||
40 | @item | |
41 | APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
42 | ||
43 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that | |
44 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | |
45 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | |
46 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | |
47 | work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, | |
48 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a | |
49 | licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you | |
50 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission | |
51 | under copyright law. | |
52 | ||
53 | A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the | |
54 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
55 | modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
56 | ||
57 | A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section | |
58 | of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
59 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall | |
60 | subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall | |
61 | directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in | |
62 | part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain | |
63 | any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
64 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
65 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
66 | them. | |
67 | ||
68 | The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
69 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
70 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a | |
71 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | |
72 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | |
73 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | |
74 | Sections then there are none. | |
75 | ||
76 | The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
77 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
78 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may | |
79 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | |
80 | ||
81 | A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
82 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
83 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document | |
84 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of | |
85 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
86 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
87 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
88 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
89 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart | |
90 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | |
91 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | |
92 | of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''. | |
93 | ||
94 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
95 | @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input | |
96 | format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available | |
97 | @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML}, | |
98 | PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples | |
99 | of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and | |
100 | @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be | |
101 | read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or | |
102 | @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are | |
103 | not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML}, | |
104 | PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for | |
105 | output purposes only. | |
106 | ||
107 | The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
108 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
109 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
110 | formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means | |
111 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
112 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
113 | ||
114 | The ``publisher'' means any person or entity that distributes copies | |
115 | of the Document to the public. | |
116 | ||
117 | A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose | |
118 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | |
119 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | |
120 | specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', | |
121 | ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' | |
122 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a | |
123 | section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. | |
124 | ||
125 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | |
126 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | |
127 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | |
128 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | |
129 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | |
130 | no effect on the meaning of this License. | |
131 | ||
132 | @item | |
133 | VERBATIM COPYING | |
134 | ||
135 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
136 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
137 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
138 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
139 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
140 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
141 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
142 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
143 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
144 | ||
145 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
146 | you may publicly display copies. | |
147 | ||
148 | @item | |
149 | COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
150 | ||
151 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have | |
152 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | |
153 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | |
154 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
155 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on | |
156 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
157 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
158 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
159 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
160 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
161 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
162 | as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
163 | ||
164 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
165 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
166 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
167 | pages. | |
168 | ||
169 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
170 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
171 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
172 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using | |
173 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | |
174 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | |
175 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | |
176 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | |
177 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | |
178 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | |
179 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | |
180 | edition to the public. | |
181 | ||
182 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
183 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
184 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
185 | ||
186 | @item | |
187 | MODIFICATIONS | |
188 | ||
189 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
190 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
191 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
192 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
193 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
194 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
195 | ||
196 | @enumerate A | |
197 | @item | |
198 | Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
199 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
200 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
201 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
202 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission. | |
203 | ||
204 | @item | |
205 | List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
206 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
207 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
208 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), | |
209 | unless they release you from this requirement. | |
210 | ||
211 | @item | |
212 | State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | |
213 | Modified Version, as the publisher. | |
214 | ||
215 | @item | |
216 | Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. | |
217 | ||
218 | @item | |
219 | Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
220 | adjacent to the other copyright notices. | |
221 | ||
222 | @item | |
223 | Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
224 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
225 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. | |
226 | ||
227 | @item | |
228 | Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
229 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. | |
230 | ||
231 | @item | |
232 | Include an unaltered copy of this License. | |
233 | ||
234 | @item | |
235 | Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add | |
236 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | |
237 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If | |
238 | there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one | |
239 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as | |
240 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
241 | Version as stated in the previous sentence. | |
242 | ||
243 | @item | |
244 | Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
245 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
246 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
247 | it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. | |
248 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
249 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
250 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. | |
251 | ||
252 | @item | |
253 | For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve | |
254 | the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the | |
255 | substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or | |
256 | dedications given therein. | |
257 | ||
258 | @item | |
259 | Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
260 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
261 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. | |
262 | ||
263 | @item | |
264 | Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section | |
265 | may not be included in the Modified Version. | |
266 | ||
267 | @item | |
268 | Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or | |
269 | to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. | |
270 | ||
271 | @item | |
272 | Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. | |
273 | @end enumerate | |
274 | ||
275 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
276 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
277 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
278 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
279 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
280 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
281 | ||
282 | You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains | |
283 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various | |
284 | parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
285 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
286 | standard. | |
287 | ||
288 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
289 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
290 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
291 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
292 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
293 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
294 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
295 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
296 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
297 | ||
298 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
299 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
300 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
301 | ||
302 | @item | |
303 | COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
304 | ||
305 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
306 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
307 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
308 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
309 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
310 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. | |
311 | ||
312 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
313 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
314 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
315 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
316 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
317 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
318 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
319 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
320 | ||
321 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' | |
322 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | |
323 | ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | |
324 | and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all | |
325 | sections Entitled ``Endorsements.'' | |
326 | ||
327 | @item | |
328 | COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
329 | ||
330 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
331 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
332 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
333 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
334 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
335 | ||
336 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
337 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
338 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
339 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
340 | ||
341 | @item | |
342 | AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
343 | ||
344 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
345 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
346 | distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright | |
347 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | |
348 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | |
349 | When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not | |
350 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | |
351 | derivative works of the Document. | |
352 | ||
353 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
354 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of | |
355 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
356 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | |
357 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | |
358 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | |
359 | aggregate. | |
360 | ||
361 | @item | |
362 | TRANSLATION | |
363 | ||
364 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
365 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
366 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
367 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
368 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
369 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
370 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the | |
371 | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include | |
372 | the original English version of this License and the original versions | |
373 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | |
374 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | |
375 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | |
376 | ||
377 | If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | |
378 | ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | |
379 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual | |
380 | title. | |
381 | ||
382 | @item | |
383 | TERMINATION | |
384 | ||
385 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document | |
386 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | |
387 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and | |
388 | will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | |
389 | ||
390 | However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license | |
391 | from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, | |
392 | unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally | |
393 | terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder | |
394 | fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to | |
395 | 60 days after the cessation. | |
396 | ||
397 | Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is | |
398 | reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the | |
399 | violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have | |
400 | received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that | |
401 | copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after | |
402 | your receipt of the notice. | |
403 | ||
404 | Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the | |
405 | licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under | |
406 | this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently | |
407 | reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does | |
408 | not give you any rights to use it. | |
409 | ||
410 | @item | |
411 | FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
412 | ||
413 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
414 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
415 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
416 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
417 | @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}. | |
418 | ||
419 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
420 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
421 | License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of | |
422 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
423 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
424 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
425 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
426 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document | |
427 | specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this | |
428 | License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a | |
429 | version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the | |
430 | Document. | |
431 | ||
432 | @item | |
433 | RELICENSING | |
434 | ||
435 | ``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site'' (or ``MMC Site'') means any | |
436 | World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also | |
437 | provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A | |
438 | public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A | |
439 | ``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration'' (or ``MMC'') contained in the | |
440 | site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC | |
441 | site. | |
442 | ||
443 | ``CC-BY-SA'' means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 | |
444 | license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit | |
445 | corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, | |
446 | California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license | |
447 | published by that same organization. | |
448 | ||
449 | ``Incorporate'' means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or | |
450 | in part, as part of another Document. | |
451 | ||
452 | An MMC is ``eligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this | |
453 | License, and if all works that were first published under this License | |
454 | somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole | |
455 | or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, | |
456 | and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. | |
457 | ||
458 | The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site | |
459 | under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, | |
460 | provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. | |
461 | ||
462 | @end enumerate | |
463 | ||
464 | @page | |
465 | @heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | |
466 | ||
467 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
468 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
469 | license notices just after the title page: | |
470 | ||
471 | @smallexample | |
472 | @group | |
473 | Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. | |
474 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
475 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 | |
476 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; | |
477 | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover | |
478 | Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU | |
479 | Free Documentation License''. | |
480 | @end group | |
481 | @end smallexample | |
482 | ||
483 | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, | |
484 | replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this: | |
485 | ||
486 | @smallexample | |
487 | @group | |
488 | with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with | |
489 | the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts | |
490 | being @var{list}. | |
491 | @end group | |
492 | @end smallexample | |
493 | ||
494 | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other | |
495 | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | |
496 | situation. | |
497 | ||
498 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
499 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
500 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
501 | to permit their use in free software. | |
502 | ||
503 | @c Local Variables: | |
504 | @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" | |
505 | @c End: | |
506 |