| 1 | These are the GNU binutils. These are utilities of use when dealing |
| 2 | with object files. |
| 3 | |
| 4 | The linker (ld) is in a separate directory, which should be ../ld. |
| 5 | Linker-specific notes are in ../ld/README. |
| 6 | |
| 7 | As of version 2.5, the assembler (as) is also included in this package, in |
| 8 | ../gas. Assembler-specific notes can be found in ../gas/README. |
| 9 | |
| 10 | Recent changes are in ./NEWS, ../ld/NEWS, and ../gas/NEWS. |
| 11 | |
| 12 | Unpacking and Installation -- quick overview |
| 13 | ============================================ |
| 14 | |
| 15 | When you unpack the binutils-2.9.tar.gz file, you'll get a directory |
| 16 | called something like `binutils-2.9', which contains various files and |
| 17 | directories. Most of the files in the top directory are for |
| 18 | information and for configuration. The actual source code is in |
| 19 | subdirectories. |
| 20 | |
| 21 | To build binutils, you can just do: |
| 22 | |
| 23 | cd binutils-2.9 |
| 24 | ./configure [options] |
| 25 | make |
| 26 | make install # copies the programs files into /usr/local/bin |
| 27 | # by default. |
| 28 | |
| 29 | This will configure and build all the libraries as well as the |
| 30 | assembler, the binutils, and the linker. |
| 31 | |
| 32 | If you have GNU make, we recommend building in a different directory: |
| 33 | |
| 34 | mkdir objdir |
| 35 | cd objdir |
| 36 | ../binutils-2.9/configure [options] |
| 37 | make |
| 38 | make install |
| 39 | |
| 40 | This relies on the VPATH feature of GNU make. |
| 41 | |
| 42 | By default, the binutils will be configured to support the system on |
| 43 | which they are built. When doing cross development, use the --target |
| 44 | configure option to specify a different target. |
| 45 | |
| 46 | The --enable-targets option adds support for more binary file formats |
| 47 | besides the default. List them as the argument to --enable-targets, |
| 48 | separated by commas. For example: |
| 49 | |
| 50 | ./configure --enable-targets=sun3,rs6000-aix,decstation |
| 51 | |
| 52 | The name 'all' compiles in support for all valid BFD targets (this was |
| 53 | the default in releases before 2.3): |
| 54 | |
| 55 | ./configure --enable-targets=all |
| 56 | |
| 57 | You can also specify the --enable-shared option when you run |
| 58 | configure. This will build the BFD and opcodes libraries as shared |
| 59 | libraries. You can use arguments with the --enable-shared option to |
| 60 | indicate that only certain libraries should be built shared; for |
| 61 | example, --enable-shared=bfd. The only potential shared libraries in |
| 62 | a binutils release are bfd and opcodes. |
| 63 | |
| 64 | The binutils will be linked against the shared libraries. The build |
| 65 | step will attempt to place the correct library in the runtime search |
| 66 | path for the binaries. However, in some cases, after you install the |
| 67 | binaries, you may have to set an environment variable, normally |
| 68 | LD_LIBRARY_PATH, so that the system can find the installed libbfd |
| 69 | shared library. |
| 70 | |
| 71 | To build under openVMS/AXP, see the file makefile.vms in the top level |
| 72 | directory. |
| 73 | |
| 74 | If you don't have ar |
| 75 | ==================== |
| 76 | |
| 77 | If your system does not already have an ar program, the normal |
| 78 | binutils build process will not work. In this case, run configure as |
| 79 | usual. Before running make, run this script: |
| 80 | |
| 81 | #!/bin/sh |
| 82 | MAKE_PROG="${MAKE-make}" |
| 83 | MAKE="${MAKE_PROG} AR=true LINK=true" |
| 84 | export MAKE |
| 85 | ${MAKE} $* all-libiberty |
| 86 | ${MAKE} $* all-intl |
| 87 | ${MAKE} $* all-bfd |
| 88 | cd binutils |
| 89 | MAKE="${MAKE_PROG}" |
| 90 | export MAKE |
| 91 | ${MAKE} $* ar_DEPENDENCIES= ar_LDADD='../bfd/*.o `cat ../libiberty/required-list ../libiberty/needed-list | sed -e "s,\([^ ][^ ]*\),../libiberty/\1,g"` `if test -f ../intl/gettext.o; then echo '../intl/*.o'; fi`' ar |
| 92 | |
| 93 | This script will build an ar program in binutils/ar. Move binutils/ar |
| 94 | into a directory on your PATH. After doing this, you can run make as |
| 95 | usual to build the complete binutils distribution. You do not need |
| 96 | the ranlib program in order to build the distribution. |
| 97 | |
| 98 | Porting |
| 99 | ======= |
| 100 | |
| 101 | Binutils-2.9 supports many different architectures, but there |
| 102 | are many more not supported, including some that were supported |
| 103 | by earlier versions. We are hoping for volunteers to |
| 104 | improve this situation. |
| 105 | |
| 106 | The major effort in porting binutils to a new host and/or target |
| 107 | architecture involves the BFD library. There is some documentation |
| 108 | in ../bfd/doc. The file ../gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo (distributed |
| 109 | with gdb-4.x) may also be of help. |
| 110 | |
| 111 | Reporting bugs |
| 112 | ============== |
| 113 | |
| 114 | Send bug reports and patches to bug-binutils@gnu.org. Always mention |
| 115 | the version number you are running; this is printed by running any of |
| 116 | the binutils with the --version option. We appreciate reports about |
| 117 | bugs, but we do not promise to fix them. |
| 118 | |
| 119 | VMS |
| 120 | === |
| 121 | |
| 122 | This section was written by Klaus K"ampf <kkaempf@rmi.de>. It |
| 123 | describes how to build and install the binutils on openVMS (Alpha and |
| 124 | Vax). (The BFD library only supports reading Vax object files.) |
| 125 | |
| 126 | Compiling the release: |
| 127 | |
| 128 | To compile the gnu binary utilities and the gnu assembler, you'll |
| 129 | need DEC C or GNU C for openVMS/Alpha. You'll need *both* compilers |
| 130 | on openVMS/Vax. |
| 131 | |
| 132 | Compiling with either DEC C or GNU C works on openVMS/Alpha only. Some |
| 133 | of the opcodes and binutils files trap a bug in the DEC C optimizer, |
| 134 | so these files must be compiled with /noopt. |
| 135 | |
| 136 | Compiling on openVMS/Vax is a bit complicated, as the bfd library traps |
| 137 | a bug in GNU C and the gnu assembler a bug in (my version of) DEC C. |
| 138 | |
| 139 | I never tried compiling with VAX C. |
| 140 | |
| 141 | |
| 142 | You further need GNU Make Version 3.76 or later. This is available |
| 143 | at ftp.progis.de or any GNU archive site. The makefiles assume that |
| 144 | gmake starts gnu make as a foreign command. |
| 145 | |
| 146 | If you're compiling with DEC C or VAX C, you must run |
| 147 | |
| 148 | $ @setup |
| 149 | |
| 150 | before starting gnu-make. This isn't needed with GNU C. |
| 151 | |
| 152 | On the Alpha you can choose the compiler by editing the toplevel |
| 153 | makefile.vms. Either select CC=cc (for DEC C) or CC=gcc (for GNU C) |
| 154 | |
| 155 | |
| 156 | Installing the release |
| 157 | |
| 158 | Provided that your directory setup conforms to the GNU on openVMS |
| 159 | standard, you already have a concealed deviced named 'GNU_ROOT'. |
| 160 | In this case, a simple |
| 161 | |
| 162 | $ gmake install |
| 163 | |
| 164 | suffices to copy all programs and libraries to the proper directories. |
| 165 | |
| 166 | Define the programs as foreign commands by adding these lines to your |
| 167 | login.com: |
| 168 | |
| 169 | $ gas :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]as.exe |
| 170 | $ size :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]size.exe |
| 171 | $ nm :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]nm.exe |
| 172 | $ objdump :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]objdump.exe |
| 173 | $ strings :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]strings.exe |
| 174 | |
| 175 | If you have a different directory setup, copy the binary utilities |
| 176 | ([.binutils]size.exe, [.binutils]nm.exe, [.binutils]objdump.exe, |
| 177 | and [.binutils]strings.exe) and the gnu assembler and preprocessor |
| 178 | ([.gas]as.exe and [.gas]gasp.exe]) to a directory of your choice |
| 179 | and define all programs as foreign commands. |
| 180 | |
| 181 | |
| 182 | If you're satiesfied with the compilation, you may want to remove |
| 183 | unneeded objects and libraries: |
| 184 | |
| 185 | $ gmake clean |
| 186 | |
| 187 | |
| 188 | If you have any problems or questions about the binutils on VMS, feel |
| 189 | free to mail me at kkaempf@rmi.de. |