2 * linux/arch/x86_64/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
6 * Copyright (C) 2002,2003 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
9 #include <linux/signal.h>
10 #include <linux/sched.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/errno.h>
13 #include <linux/string.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
16 #include <linux/mman.h>
18 #include <linux/swap.h>
19 #include <linux/smp.h>
20 #include <linux/init.h>
21 #include <linux/initrd.h>
22 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
23 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
24 #include <linux/memblock.h>
25 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
26 #include <linux/pci.h>
27 #include <linux/pfn.h>
28 #include <linux/poison.h>
29 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
30 #include <linux/module.h>
31 #include <linux/memory.h>
32 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
33 #include <linux/nmi.h>
34 #include <linux/gfp.h>
35 #include <linux/kcore.h>
37 #include <asm/processor.h>
38 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
39 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
40 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
41 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
43 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
47 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
48 #include <asm/proto.h>
50 #include <asm/sections.h>
51 #include <asm/kdebug.h>
53 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
55 #include <asm/uv/uv.h>
56 #include <asm/setup.h>
58 #include "mm_internal.h"
60 static void ident_pmd_init(unsigned long pmd_flag
, pmd_t
*pmd_page
,
61 unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
)
64 for (; addr
< end
; addr
+= PMD_SIZE
) {
65 pmd_t
*pmd
= pmd_page
+ pmd_index(addr
);
67 if (!pmd_present(*pmd
))
68 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(addr
| pmd_flag
));
71 static int ident_pud_init(struct x86_mapping_info
*info
, pud_t
*pud_page
,
72 unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
)
76 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
) {
77 pud_t
*pud
= pud_page
+ pud_index(addr
);
80 next
= (addr
& PUD_MASK
) + PUD_SIZE
;
84 if (pud_present(*pud
)) {
85 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, 0);
86 ident_pmd_init(info
->pmd_flag
, pmd
, addr
, next
);
89 pmd
= (pmd_t
*)info
->alloc_pgt_page(info
->context
);
92 ident_pmd_init(info
->pmd_flag
, pmd
, addr
, next
);
93 set_pud(pud
, __pud(__pa(pmd
) | _KERNPG_TABLE
));
99 int kernel_ident_mapping_init(struct x86_mapping_info
*info
, pgd_t
*pgd_page
,
100 unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
)
104 int off
= info
->kernel_mapping
? pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET
) : 0;
106 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
) {
107 pgd_t
*pgd
= pgd_page
+ pgd_index(addr
) + off
;
110 next
= (addr
& PGDIR_MASK
) + PGDIR_SIZE
;
114 if (pgd_present(*pgd
)) {
115 pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, 0);
116 result
= ident_pud_init(info
, pud
, addr
, next
);
122 pud
= (pud_t
*)info
->alloc_pgt_page(info
->context
);
125 result
= ident_pud_init(info
, pud
, addr
, next
);
128 set_pgd(pgd
, __pgd(__pa(pud
) | _KERNPG_TABLE
));
134 static int __init
parse_direct_gbpages_off(char *arg
)
139 early_param("nogbpages", parse_direct_gbpages_off
);
141 static int __init
parse_direct_gbpages_on(char *arg
)
146 early_param("gbpages", parse_direct_gbpages_on
);
149 * NOTE: pagetable_init alloc all the fixmap pagetables contiguous on the
150 * physical space so we can cache the place of the first one and move
151 * around without checking the pgd every time.
154 pteval_t __supported_pte_mask __read_mostly
= ~0;
155 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__supported_pte_mask
);
157 int force_personality32
;
161 * Control non executable heap for 32bit processes.
162 * To control the stack too use noexec=off
164 * on PROT_READ does not imply PROT_EXEC for 32-bit processes (default)
165 * off PROT_READ implies PROT_EXEC
167 static int __init
nonx32_setup(char *str
)
169 if (!strcmp(str
, "on"))
170 force_personality32
&= ~READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
;
171 else if (!strcmp(str
, "off"))
172 force_personality32
|= READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
;
175 __setup("noexec32=", nonx32_setup
);
178 * When memory was added/removed make sure all the processes MM have
179 * suitable PGD entries in the local PGD level page.
181 void sync_global_pgds(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
, int removed
)
183 unsigned long address
;
185 for (address
= start
; address
<= end
; address
+= PGDIR_SIZE
) {
186 const pgd_t
*pgd_ref
= pgd_offset_k(address
);
190 * When it is called after memory hot remove, pgd_none()
191 * returns true. In this case (removed == 1), we must clear
192 * the PGD entries in the local PGD level page.
194 if (pgd_none(*pgd_ref
) && !removed
)
197 spin_lock(&pgd_lock
);
198 list_for_each_entry(page
, &pgd_list
, lru
) {
200 spinlock_t
*pgt_lock
;
202 pgd
= (pgd_t
*)page_address(page
) + pgd_index(address
);
203 /* the pgt_lock only for Xen */
204 pgt_lock
= &pgd_page_get_mm(page
)->page_table_lock
;
207 if (!pgd_none(*pgd_ref
) && !pgd_none(*pgd
))
208 BUG_ON(pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd
)
209 != pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd_ref
));
212 if (pgd_none(*pgd_ref
) && !pgd_none(*pgd
))
216 set_pgd(pgd
, *pgd_ref
);
219 spin_unlock(pgt_lock
);
221 spin_unlock(&pgd_lock
);
226 * NOTE: This function is marked __ref because it calls __init function
227 * (alloc_bootmem_pages). It's safe to do it ONLY when after_bootmem == 0.
229 static __ref
void *spp_getpage(void)
234 ptr
= (void *) get_zeroed_page(GFP_ATOMIC
| __GFP_NOTRACK
);
236 ptr
= alloc_bootmem_pages(PAGE_SIZE
);
238 if (!ptr
|| ((unsigned long)ptr
& ~PAGE_MASK
)) {
239 panic("set_pte_phys: cannot allocate page data %s\n",
240 after_bootmem
? "after bootmem" : "");
243 pr_debug("spp_getpage %p\n", ptr
);
248 static pud_t
*fill_pud(pgd_t
*pgd
, unsigned long vaddr
)
250 if (pgd_none(*pgd
)) {
251 pud_t
*pud
= (pud_t
*)spp_getpage();
252 pgd_populate(&init_mm
, pgd
, pud
);
253 if (pud
!= pud_offset(pgd
, 0))
254 printk(KERN_ERR
"PAGETABLE BUG #00! %p <-> %p\n",
255 pud
, pud_offset(pgd
, 0));
257 return pud_offset(pgd
, vaddr
);
260 static pmd_t
*fill_pmd(pud_t
*pud
, unsigned long vaddr
)
262 if (pud_none(*pud
)) {
263 pmd_t
*pmd
= (pmd_t
*) spp_getpage();
264 pud_populate(&init_mm
, pud
, pmd
);
265 if (pmd
!= pmd_offset(pud
, 0))
266 printk(KERN_ERR
"PAGETABLE BUG #01! %p <-> %p\n",
267 pmd
, pmd_offset(pud
, 0));
269 return pmd_offset(pud
, vaddr
);
272 static pte_t
*fill_pte(pmd_t
*pmd
, unsigned long vaddr
)
274 if (pmd_none(*pmd
)) {
275 pte_t
*pte
= (pte_t
*) spp_getpage();
276 pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm
, pmd
, pte
);
277 if (pte
!= pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, 0))
278 printk(KERN_ERR
"PAGETABLE BUG #02!\n");
280 return pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, vaddr
);
283 void set_pte_vaddr_pud(pud_t
*pud_page
, unsigned long vaddr
, pte_t new_pte
)
289 pud
= pud_page
+ pud_index(vaddr
);
290 pmd
= fill_pmd(pud
, vaddr
);
291 pte
= fill_pte(pmd
, vaddr
);
293 set_pte(pte
, new_pte
);
296 * It's enough to flush this one mapping.
297 * (PGE mappings get flushed as well)
299 __flush_tlb_one(vaddr
);
302 void set_pte_vaddr(unsigned long vaddr
, pte_t pteval
)
307 pr_debug("set_pte_vaddr %lx to %lx\n", vaddr
, native_pte_val(pteval
));
309 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(vaddr
);
310 if (pgd_none(*pgd
)) {
312 "PGD FIXMAP MISSING, it should be setup in head.S!\n");
315 pud_page
= (pud_t
*)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd
);
316 set_pte_vaddr_pud(pud_page
, vaddr
, pteval
);
319 pmd_t
* __init
populate_extra_pmd(unsigned long vaddr
)
324 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(vaddr
);
325 pud
= fill_pud(pgd
, vaddr
);
326 return fill_pmd(pud
, vaddr
);
329 pte_t
* __init
populate_extra_pte(unsigned long vaddr
)
333 pmd
= populate_extra_pmd(vaddr
);
334 return fill_pte(pmd
, vaddr
);
338 * Create large page table mappings for a range of physical addresses.
340 static void __init
__init_extra_mapping(unsigned long phys
, unsigned long size
,
347 BUG_ON((phys
& ~PMD_MASK
) || (size
& ~PMD_MASK
));
348 for (; size
; phys
+= PMD_SIZE
, size
-= PMD_SIZE
) {
349 pgd
= pgd_offset_k((unsigned long)__va(phys
));
350 if (pgd_none(*pgd
)) {
351 pud
= (pud_t
*) spp_getpage();
352 set_pgd(pgd
, __pgd(__pa(pud
) | _KERNPG_TABLE
|
355 pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, (unsigned long)__va(phys
));
356 if (pud_none(*pud
)) {
357 pmd
= (pmd_t
*) spp_getpage();
358 set_pud(pud
, __pud(__pa(pmd
) | _KERNPG_TABLE
|
361 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, phys
);
362 BUG_ON(!pmd_none(*pmd
));
363 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(phys
| pgprot_val(prot
)));
367 void __init
init_extra_mapping_wb(unsigned long phys
, unsigned long size
)
369 __init_extra_mapping(phys
, size
, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE
);
372 void __init
init_extra_mapping_uc(unsigned long phys
, unsigned long size
)
374 __init_extra_mapping(phys
, size
, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_NOCACHE
);
378 * The head.S code sets up the kernel high mapping:
380 * from __START_KERNEL_map to __START_KERNEL_map + size (== _end-_text)
382 * phys_base holds the negative offset to the kernel, which is added
383 * to the compile time generated pmds. This results in invalid pmds up
384 * to the point where we hit the physaddr 0 mapping.
386 * We limit the mappings to the region from _text to _brk_end. _brk_end
387 * is rounded up to the 2MB boundary. This catches the invalid pmds as
388 * well, as they are located before _text:
390 void __init
cleanup_highmap(void)
392 unsigned long vaddr
= __START_KERNEL_map
;
393 unsigned long vaddr_end
= __START_KERNEL_map
+ KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE
;
394 unsigned long end
= roundup((unsigned long)_brk_end
, PMD_SIZE
) - 1;
395 pmd_t
*pmd
= level2_kernel_pgt
;
398 * Native path, max_pfn_mapped is not set yet.
399 * Xen has valid max_pfn_mapped set in
400 * arch/x86/xen/mmu.c:xen_setup_kernel_pagetable().
403 vaddr_end
= __START_KERNEL_map
+ (max_pfn_mapped
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
405 for (; vaddr
+ PMD_SIZE
- 1 < vaddr_end
; pmd
++, vaddr
+= PMD_SIZE
) {
408 if (vaddr
< (unsigned long) _text
|| vaddr
> end
)
409 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(0));
413 static unsigned long __meminit
414 phys_pte_init(pte_t
*pte_page
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
417 unsigned long pages
= 0, next
;
418 unsigned long last_map_addr
= end
;
421 pte_t
*pte
= pte_page
+ pte_index(addr
);
423 for (i
= pte_index(addr
); i
< PTRS_PER_PTE
; i
++, addr
= next
, pte
++) {
424 next
= (addr
& PAGE_MASK
) + PAGE_SIZE
;
426 if (!after_bootmem
&&
427 !e820_any_mapped(addr
& PAGE_MASK
, next
, E820_RAM
) &&
428 !e820_any_mapped(addr
& PAGE_MASK
, next
, E820_RESERVED_KERN
))
429 set_pte(pte
, __pte(0));
434 * We will re-use the existing mapping.
435 * Xen for example has some special requirements, like mapping
436 * pagetable pages as RO. So assume someone who pre-setup
437 * these mappings are more intelligent.
446 printk(" pte=%p addr=%lx pte=%016lx\n",
447 pte
, addr
, pfn_pte(addr
>> PAGE_SHIFT
, PAGE_KERNEL
).pte
);
449 set_pte(pte
, pfn_pte(addr
>> PAGE_SHIFT
, prot
));
450 last_map_addr
= (addr
& PAGE_MASK
) + PAGE_SIZE
;
453 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_4K
, pages
);
455 return last_map_addr
;
458 static unsigned long __meminit
459 phys_pmd_init(pmd_t
*pmd_page
, unsigned long address
, unsigned long end
,
460 unsigned long page_size_mask
, pgprot_t prot
)
462 unsigned long pages
= 0, next
;
463 unsigned long last_map_addr
= end
;
465 int i
= pmd_index(address
);
467 for (; i
< PTRS_PER_PMD
; i
++, address
= next
) {
468 pmd_t
*pmd
= pmd_page
+ pmd_index(address
);
470 pgprot_t new_prot
= prot
;
472 next
= (address
& PMD_MASK
) + PMD_SIZE
;
473 if (address
>= end
) {
474 if (!after_bootmem
&&
475 !e820_any_mapped(address
& PMD_MASK
, next
, E820_RAM
) &&
476 !e820_any_mapped(address
& PMD_MASK
, next
, E820_RESERVED_KERN
))
477 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(0));
482 if (!pmd_large(*pmd
)) {
483 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
484 pte
= (pte_t
*)pmd_page_vaddr(*pmd
);
485 last_map_addr
= phys_pte_init(pte
, address
,
487 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
491 * If we are ok with PG_LEVEL_2M mapping, then we will
492 * use the existing mapping,
494 * Otherwise, we will split the large page mapping but
495 * use the same existing protection bits except for
496 * large page, so that we don't violate Intel's TLB
497 * Application note (317080) which says, while changing
498 * the page sizes, new and old translations should
499 * not differ with respect to page frame and
502 if (page_size_mask
& (1 << PG_LEVEL_2M
)) {
505 last_map_addr
= next
;
508 new_prot
= pte_pgprot(pte_clrhuge(*(pte_t
*)pmd
));
511 if (page_size_mask
& (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M
)) {
513 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
514 set_pte((pte_t
*)pmd
,
515 pfn_pte((address
& PMD_MASK
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
,
516 __pgprot(pgprot_val(prot
) | _PAGE_PSE
)));
517 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
518 last_map_addr
= next
;
522 pte
= alloc_low_page();
523 last_map_addr
= phys_pte_init(pte
, address
, end
, new_prot
);
525 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
526 pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm
, pmd
, pte
);
527 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
529 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_2M
, pages
);
530 return last_map_addr
;
533 static unsigned long __meminit
534 phys_pud_init(pud_t
*pud_page
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
535 unsigned long page_size_mask
)
537 unsigned long pages
= 0, next
;
538 unsigned long last_map_addr
= end
;
539 int i
= pud_index(addr
);
541 for (; i
< PTRS_PER_PUD
; i
++, addr
= next
) {
542 pud_t
*pud
= pud_page
+ pud_index(addr
);
544 pgprot_t prot
= PAGE_KERNEL
;
546 next
= (addr
& PUD_MASK
) + PUD_SIZE
;
548 if (!after_bootmem
&&
549 !e820_any_mapped(addr
& PUD_MASK
, next
, E820_RAM
) &&
550 !e820_any_mapped(addr
& PUD_MASK
, next
, E820_RESERVED_KERN
))
551 set_pud(pud
, __pud(0));
556 if (!pud_large(*pud
)) {
557 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, 0);
558 last_map_addr
= phys_pmd_init(pmd
, addr
, end
,
559 page_size_mask
, prot
);
564 * If we are ok with PG_LEVEL_1G mapping, then we will
565 * use the existing mapping.
567 * Otherwise, we will split the gbpage mapping but use
568 * the same existing protection bits except for large
569 * page, so that we don't violate Intel's TLB
570 * Application note (317080) which says, while changing
571 * the page sizes, new and old translations should
572 * not differ with respect to page frame and
575 if (page_size_mask
& (1 << PG_LEVEL_1G
)) {
578 last_map_addr
= next
;
581 prot
= pte_pgprot(pte_clrhuge(*(pte_t
*)pud
));
584 if (page_size_mask
& (1<<PG_LEVEL_1G
)) {
586 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
587 set_pte((pte_t
*)pud
,
588 pfn_pte((addr
& PUD_MASK
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
,
590 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
591 last_map_addr
= next
;
595 pmd
= alloc_low_page();
596 last_map_addr
= phys_pmd_init(pmd
, addr
, end
, page_size_mask
,
599 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
600 pud_populate(&init_mm
, pud
, pmd
);
601 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
605 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_1G
, pages
);
607 return last_map_addr
;
610 unsigned long __meminit
611 kernel_physical_mapping_init(unsigned long start
,
613 unsigned long page_size_mask
)
615 bool pgd_changed
= false;
616 unsigned long next
, last_map_addr
= end
;
619 start
= (unsigned long)__va(start
);
620 end
= (unsigned long)__va(end
);
623 for (; start
< end
; start
= next
) {
624 pgd_t
*pgd
= pgd_offset_k(start
);
627 next
= (start
& PGDIR_MASK
) + PGDIR_SIZE
;
630 pud
= (pud_t
*)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd
);
631 last_map_addr
= phys_pud_init(pud
, __pa(start
),
632 __pa(end
), page_size_mask
);
636 pud
= alloc_low_page();
637 last_map_addr
= phys_pud_init(pud
, __pa(start
), __pa(end
),
640 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
641 pgd_populate(&init_mm
, pgd
, pud
);
642 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
647 sync_global_pgds(addr
, end
- 1, 0);
651 return last_map_addr
;
655 void __init
initmem_init(void)
657 memblock_set_node(0, (phys_addr_t
)ULLONG_MAX
, &memblock
.memory
, 0);
661 void __init
paging_init(void)
663 sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions(MAX_NUMNODES
);
667 * clear the default setting with node 0
668 * note: don't use nodes_clear here, that is really clearing when
669 * numa support is not compiled in, and later node_set_state
670 * will not set it back.
672 node_clear_state(0, N_MEMORY
);
673 if (N_MEMORY
!= N_NORMAL_MEMORY
)
674 node_clear_state(0, N_NORMAL_MEMORY
);
680 * Memory hotplug specific functions
682 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
684 * After memory hotplug the variables max_pfn, max_low_pfn and high_memory need
687 static void update_end_of_memory_vars(u64 start
, u64 size
)
689 unsigned long end_pfn
= PFN_UP(start
+ size
);
691 if (end_pfn
> max_pfn
) {
693 max_low_pfn
= end_pfn
;
694 high_memory
= (void *)__va(max_pfn
* PAGE_SIZE
- 1) + 1;
699 * Memory is added always to NORMAL zone. This means you will never get
700 * additional DMA/DMA32 memory.
702 int arch_add_memory(int nid
, u64 start
, u64 size
)
704 struct pglist_data
*pgdat
= NODE_DATA(nid
);
705 struct zone
*zone
= pgdat
->node_zones
+
706 zone_for_memory(nid
, start
, size
, ZONE_NORMAL
);
707 unsigned long start_pfn
= start
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
708 unsigned long nr_pages
= size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
711 init_memory_mapping(start
, start
+ size
);
713 ret
= __add_pages(nid
, zone
, start_pfn
, nr_pages
);
716 /* update max_pfn, max_low_pfn and high_memory */
717 update_end_of_memory_vars(start
, size
);
721 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(arch_add_memory
);
723 #define PAGE_INUSE 0xFD
725 static void __meminit
free_pagetable(struct page
*page
, int order
)
728 unsigned int nr_pages
= 1 << order
;
730 /* bootmem page has reserved flag */
731 if (PageReserved(page
)) {
732 __ClearPageReserved(page
);
734 magic
= (unsigned long)page
->lru
.next
;
735 if (magic
== SECTION_INFO
|| magic
== MIX_SECTION_INFO
) {
737 put_page_bootmem(page
++);
740 free_reserved_page(page
++);
742 free_pages((unsigned long)page_address(page
), order
);
745 static void __meminit
free_pte_table(pte_t
*pte_start
, pmd_t
*pmd
)
750 for (i
= 0; i
< PTRS_PER_PTE
; i
++) {
756 /* free a pte talbe */
757 free_pagetable(pmd_page(*pmd
), 0);
758 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
760 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
763 static void __meminit
free_pmd_table(pmd_t
*pmd_start
, pud_t
*pud
)
768 for (i
= 0; i
< PTRS_PER_PMD
; i
++) {
774 /* free a pmd talbe */
775 free_pagetable(pud_page(*pud
), 0);
776 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
778 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
781 /* Return true if pgd is changed, otherwise return false. */
782 static bool __meminit
free_pud_table(pud_t
*pud_start
, pgd_t
*pgd
)
787 for (i
= 0; i
< PTRS_PER_PUD
; i
++) {
793 /* free a pud table */
794 free_pagetable(pgd_page(*pgd
), 0);
795 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
797 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
802 static void __meminit
803 remove_pte_table(pte_t
*pte_start
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
806 unsigned long next
, pages
= 0;
809 phys_addr_t phys_addr
;
811 pte
= pte_start
+ pte_index(addr
);
812 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
, pte
++) {
813 next
= (addr
+ PAGE_SIZE
) & PAGE_MASK
;
817 if (!pte_present(*pte
))
821 * We mapped [0,1G) memory as identity mapping when
822 * initializing, in arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S. These
823 * pagetables cannot be removed.
825 phys_addr
= pte_val(*pte
) + (addr
& PAGE_MASK
);
826 if (phys_addr
< (phys_addr_t
)0x40000000)
829 if (IS_ALIGNED(addr
, PAGE_SIZE
) &&
830 IS_ALIGNED(next
, PAGE_SIZE
)) {
832 * Do not free direct mapping pages since they were
833 * freed when offlining, or simplely not in use.
836 free_pagetable(pte_page(*pte
), 0);
838 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
839 pte_clear(&init_mm
, addr
, pte
);
840 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
842 /* For non-direct mapping, pages means nothing. */
846 * If we are here, we are freeing vmemmap pages since
847 * direct mapped memory ranges to be freed are aligned.
849 * If we are not removing the whole page, it means
850 * other page structs in this page are being used and
851 * we canot remove them. So fill the unused page_structs
852 * with 0xFD, and remove the page when it is wholly
855 memset((void *)addr
, PAGE_INUSE
, next
- addr
);
857 page_addr
= page_address(pte_page(*pte
));
858 if (!memchr_inv(page_addr
, PAGE_INUSE
, PAGE_SIZE
)) {
859 free_pagetable(pte_page(*pte
), 0);
861 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
862 pte_clear(&init_mm
, addr
, pte
);
863 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
868 /* Call free_pte_table() in remove_pmd_table(). */
871 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_4K
, -pages
);
874 static void __meminit
875 remove_pmd_table(pmd_t
*pmd_start
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
878 unsigned long next
, pages
= 0;
883 pmd
= pmd_start
+ pmd_index(addr
);
884 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
, pmd
++) {
885 next
= pmd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
887 if (!pmd_present(*pmd
))
890 if (pmd_large(*pmd
)) {
891 if (IS_ALIGNED(addr
, PMD_SIZE
) &&
892 IS_ALIGNED(next
, PMD_SIZE
)) {
894 free_pagetable(pmd_page(*pmd
),
895 get_order(PMD_SIZE
));
897 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
899 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
902 /* If here, we are freeing vmemmap pages. */
903 memset((void *)addr
, PAGE_INUSE
, next
- addr
);
905 page_addr
= page_address(pmd_page(*pmd
));
906 if (!memchr_inv(page_addr
, PAGE_INUSE
,
908 free_pagetable(pmd_page(*pmd
),
909 get_order(PMD_SIZE
));
911 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
913 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
920 pte_base
= (pte_t
*)pmd_page_vaddr(*pmd
);
921 remove_pte_table(pte_base
, addr
, next
, direct
);
922 free_pte_table(pte_base
, pmd
);
925 /* Call free_pmd_table() in remove_pud_table(). */
927 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_2M
, -pages
);
930 static void __meminit
931 remove_pud_table(pud_t
*pud_start
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
934 unsigned long next
, pages
= 0;
939 pud
= pud_start
+ pud_index(addr
);
940 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
, pud
++) {
941 next
= pud_addr_end(addr
, end
);
943 if (!pud_present(*pud
))
946 if (pud_large(*pud
)) {
947 if (IS_ALIGNED(addr
, PUD_SIZE
) &&
948 IS_ALIGNED(next
, PUD_SIZE
)) {
950 free_pagetable(pud_page(*pud
),
951 get_order(PUD_SIZE
));
953 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
955 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
958 /* If here, we are freeing vmemmap pages. */
959 memset((void *)addr
, PAGE_INUSE
, next
- addr
);
961 page_addr
= page_address(pud_page(*pud
));
962 if (!memchr_inv(page_addr
, PAGE_INUSE
,
964 free_pagetable(pud_page(*pud
),
965 get_order(PUD_SIZE
));
967 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
969 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
976 pmd_base
= (pmd_t
*)pud_page_vaddr(*pud
);
977 remove_pmd_table(pmd_base
, addr
, next
, direct
);
978 free_pmd_table(pmd_base
, pud
);
982 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_1G
, -pages
);
985 /* start and end are both virtual address. */
986 static void __meminit
987 remove_pagetable(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
, bool direct
)
993 bool pgd_changed
= false;
995 for (addr
= start
; addr
< end
; addr
= next
) {
996 next
= pgd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
998 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(addr
);
999 if (!pgd_present(*pgd
))
1002 pud
= (pud_t
*)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd
);
1003 remove_pud_table(pud
, addr
, next
, direct
);
1004 if (free_pud_table(pud
, pgd
))
1009 sync_global_pgds(start
, end
- 1, 1);
1014 void __ref
vmemmap_free(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
1016 remove_pagetable(start
, end
, false);
1019 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
1020 static void __meminit
1021 kernel_physical_mapping_remove(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
1023 start
= (unsigned long)__va(start
);
1024 end
= (unsigned long)__va(end
);
1026 remove_pagetable(start
, end
, true);
1029 int __ref
arch_remove_memory(u64 start
, u64 size
)
1031 unsigned long start_pfn
= start
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
1032 unsigned long nr_pages
= size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
1036 zone
= page_zone(pfn_to_page(start_pfn
));
1037 kernel_physical_mapping_remove(start
, start
+ size
);
1038 ret
= __remove_pages(zone
, start_pfn
, nr_pages
);
1044 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
1046 static struct kcore_list kcore_vsyscall
;
1048 static void __init
register_page_bootmem_info(void)
1053 for_each_online_node(i
)
1054 register_page_bootmem_info_node(NODE_DATA(i
));
1058 void __init
mem_init(void)
1062 /* clear_bss() already clear the empty_zero_page */
1064 register_page_bootmem_info();
1066 /* this will put all memory onto the freelists */
1070 /* Register memory areas for /proc/kcore */
1071 kclist_add(&kcore_vsyscall
, (void *)VSYSCALL_ADDR
,
1072 PAGE_SIZE
, KCORE_OTHER
);
1074 mem_init_print_info(NULL
);
1077 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
1078 const int rodata_test_data
= 0xC3;
1079 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rodata_test_data
);
1081 int kernel_set_to_readonly
;
1083 void set_kernel_text_rw(void)
1085 unsigned long start
= PFN_ALIGN(_text
);
1086 unsigned long end
= PFN_ALIGN(__stop___ex_table
);
1088 if (!kernel_set_to_readonly
)
1091 pr_debug("Set kernel text: %lx - %lx for read write\n",
1095 * Make the kernel identity mapping for text RW. Kernel text
1096 * mapping will always be RO. Refer to the comment in
1097 * static_protections() in pageattr.c
1099 set_memory_rw(start
, (end
- start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1102 void set_kernel_text_ro(void)
1104 unsigned long start
= PFN_ALIGN(_text
);
1105 unsigned long end
= PFN_ALIGN(__stop___ex_table
);
1107 if (!kernel_set_to_readonly
)
1110 pr_debug("Set kernel text: %lx - %lx for read only\n",
1114 * Set the kernel identity mapping for text RO.
1116 set_memory_ro(start
, (end
- start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1119 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
1121 unsigned long start
= PFN_ALIGN(_text
);
1122 unsigned long rodata_start
= PFN_ALIGN(__start_rodata
);
1123 unsigned long end
= (unsigned long) &__end_rodata_hpage_align
;
1124 unsigned long text_end
= PFN_ALIGN(&__stop___ex_table
);
1125 unsigned long rodata_end
= PFN_ALIGN(&__end_rodata
);
1126 unsigned long all_end
= PFN_ALIGN(&_end
);
1128 printk(KERN_INFO
"Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
1129 (end
- start
) >> 10);
1130 set_memory_ro(start
, (end
- start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1132 kernel_set_to_readonly
= 1;
1135 * The rodata/data/bss/brk section (but not the kernel text!)
1136 * should also be not-executable.
1138 set_memory_nx(rodata_start
, (all_end
- rodata_start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1142 #ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
1143 printk(KERN_INFO
"Testing CPA: undo %lx-%lx\n", start
, end
);
1144 set_memory_rw(start
, (end
-start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1146 printk(KERN_INFO
"Testing CPA: again\n");
1147 set_memory_ro(start
, (end
-start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1150 free_init_pages("unused kernel",
1151 (unsigned long) __va(__pa_symbol(text_end
)),
1152 (unsigned long) __va(__pa_symbol(rodata_start
)));
1153 free_init_pages("unused kernel",
1154 (unsigned long) __va(__pa_symbol(rodata_end
)),
1155 (unsigned long) __va(__pa_symbol(_sdata
)));
1160 int kern_addr_valid(unsigned long addr
)
1162 unsigned long above
= ((long)addr
) >> __VIRTUAL_MASK_SHIFT
;
1168 if (above
!= 0 && above
!= -1UL)
1171 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(addr
);
1175 pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, addr
);
1179 if (pud_large(*pud
))
1180 return pfn_valid(pud_pfn(*pud
));
1182 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
1186 if (pmd_large(*pmd
))
1187 return pfn_valid(pmd_pfn(*pmd
));
1189 pte
= pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, addr
);
1193 return pfn_valid(pte_pfn(*pte
));
1197 * A pseudo VMA to allow ptrace access for the vsyscall page. This only
1198 * covers the 64bit vsyscall page now. 32bit has a real VMA now and does
1199 * not need special handling anymore:
1201 static const char *gate_vma_name(struct vm_area_struct
*vma
)
1203 return "[vsyscall]";
1205 static struct vm_operations_struct gate_vma_ops
= {
1206 .name
= gate_vma_name
,
1208 static struct vm_area_struct gate_vma
= {
1209 .vm_start
= VSYSCALL_ADDR
,
1210 .vm_end
= VSYSCALL_ADDR
+ PAGE_SIZE
,
1211 .vm_page_prot
= PAGE_READONLY_EXEC
,
1212 .vm_flags
= VM_READ
| VM_EXEC
,
1213 .vm_ops
= &gate_vma_ops
,
1216 struct vm_area_struct
*get_gate_vma(struct mm_struct
*mm
)
1218 #ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
1219 if (!mm
|| mm
->context
.ia32_compat
)
1225 int in_gate_area(struct mm_struct
*mm
, unsigned long addr
)
1227 struct vm_area_struct
*vma
= get_gate_vma(mm
);
1232 return (addr
>= vma
->vm_start
) && (addr
< vma
->vm_end
);
1236 * Use this when you have no reliable mm, typically from interrupt
1237 * context. It is less reliable than using a task's mm and may give
1240 int in_gate_area_no_mm(unsigned long addr
)
1242 return (addr
& PAGE_MASK
) == VSYSCALL_ADDR
;
1245 static unsigned long probe_memory_block_size(void)
1248 unsigned long bz
= 1UL<<31;
1250 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_UV
1251 if (is_uv_system()) {
1252 printk(KERN_INFO
"UV: memory block size 2GB\n");
1253 return 2UL * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
1257 /* less than 64g installed */
1258 if ((max_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
) < (16UL << 32))
1259 return MIN_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE
;
1261 /* get the tail size */
1262 while (bz
> MIN_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE
) {
1263 if (!((max_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
) & (bz
- 1)))
1268 printk(KERN_DEBUG
"memory block size : %ldMB\n", bz
>> 20);
1273 static unsigned long memory_block_size_probed
;
1274 unsigned long memory_block_size_bytes(void)
1276 if (!memory_block_size_probed
)
1277 memory_block_size_probed
= probe_memory_block_size();
1279 return memory_block_size_probed
;
1282 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
1284 * Initialise the sparsemem vmemmap using huge-pages at the PMD level.
1286 static long __meminitdata addr_start
, addr_end
;
1287 static void __meminitdata
*p_start
, *p_end
;
1288 static int __meminitdata node_start
;
1290 static int __meminit
vmemmap_populate_hugepages(unsigned long start
,
1291 unsigned long end
, int node
)
1299 for (addr
= start
; addr
< end
; addr
= next
) {
1300 next
= pmd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
1302 pgd
= vmemmap_pgd_populate(addr
, node
);
1306 pud
= vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd
, addr
, node
);
1310 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
1311 if (pmd_none(*pmd
)) {
1314 p
= vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(PMD_SIZE
, node
);
1318 entry
= pfn_pte(__pa(p
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
,
1320 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(pte_val(entry
)));
1322 /* check to see if we have contiguous blocks */
1323 if (p_end
!= p
|| node_start
!= node
) {
1325 printk(KERN_DEBUG
" [%lx-%lx] PMD -> [%p-%p] on node %d\n",
1326 addr_start
, addr_end
-1, p_start
, p_end
-1, node_start
);
1332 addr_end
= addr
+ PMD_SIZE
;
1333 p_end
= p
+ PMD_SIZE
;
1336 } else if (pmd_large(*pmd
)) {
1337 vmemmap_verify((pte_t
*)pmd
, node
, addr
, next
);
1340 pr_warn_once("vmemmap: falling back to regular page backing\n");
1341 if (vmemmap_populate_basepages(addr
, next
, node
))
1347 int __meminit
vmemmap_populate(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
, int node
)
1352 err
= vmemmap_populate_hugepages(start
, end
, node
);
1354 err
= vmemmap_populate_basepages(start
, end
, node
);
1356 sync_global_pgds(start
, end
- 1, 0);
1360 #if defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE) && defined(CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE)
1361 void register_page_bootmem_memmap(unsigned long section_nr
,
1362 struct page
*start_page
, unsigned long size
)
1364 unsigned long addr
= (unsigned long)start_page
;
1365 unsigned long end
= (unsigned long)(start_page
+ size
);
1370 unsigned int nr_pages
;
1373 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
) {
1376 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(addr
);
1377 if (pgd_none(*pgd
)) {
1378 next
= (addr
+ PAGE_SIZE
) & PAGE_MASK
;
1381 get_page_bootmem(section_nr
, pgd_page(*pgd
), MIX_SECTION_INFO
);
1383 pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, addr
);
1384 if (pud_none(*pud
)) {
1385 next
= (addr
+ PAGE_SIZE
) & PAGE_MASK
;
1388 get_page_bootmem(section_nr
, pud_page(*pud
), MIX_SECTION_INFO
);
1391 next
= (addr
+ PAGE_SIZE
) & PAGE_MASK
;
1392 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
1395 get_page_bootmem(section_nr
, pmd_page(*pmd
),
1398 pte
= pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, addr
);
1401 get_page_bootmem(section_nr
, pte_page(*pte
),
1404 next
= pmd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
1406 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
1410 nr_pages
= 1 << (get_order(PMD_SIZE
));
1411 page
= pmd_page(*pmd
);
1413 get_page_bootmem(section_nr
, page
++,
1420 void __meminit
vmemmap_populate_print_last(void)
1423 printk(KERN_DEBUG
" [%lx-%lx] PMD -> [%p-%p] on node %d\n",
1424 addr_start
, addr_end
-1, p_start
, p_end
-1, node_start
);