USB: don't rebind drivers after failed resume or reset

[deliverable/linux.git] / drivers / usb / core / driver.c

/*
 * drivers/usb/driver.c - most of the driver model stuff for usb
 *
 * (C) Copyright 2005 Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
 *
 * based on drivers/usb/usb.c which had the following copyrights:
 *      (C) Copyright Linus Torvalds 1999
 *      (C) Copyright Johannes Erdfelt 1999-2001
 *      (C) Copyright Andreas Gal 1999
 *      (C) Copyright Gregory P. Smith 1999
 *      (C) Copyright Deti Fliegl 1999 (new USB architecture)
 *      (C) Copyright Randy Dunlap 2000
 *      (C) Copyright David Brownell 2000-2004
 *      (C) Copyright Yggdrasil Computing, Inc. 2000
 *              (usb_device_id matching changes by Adam J. Richter)
 *      (C) Copyright Greg Kroah-Hartman 2002-2003
 *
 * NOTE! This is not actually a driver at all, rather this is
 * just a collection of helper routines that implement the
 * matching, probing, releasing, suspending and resuming for
 * real drivers.
 *
 */

#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/usb.h>
#include <linux/usb/quirks.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include "hcd.h"
#include "usb.h"


#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG

/*
 * Adds a new dynamic USBdevice ID to this driver,
 * and cause the driver to probe for all devices again.
 */
ssize_t usb_store_new_id(struct usb_dynids *dynids,
                         struct device_driver *driver,
                         const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        struct usb_dynid *dynid;
        u32 idVendor = 0;
        u32 idProduct = 0;
        int fields = 0;
        int retval = 0;

        fields = sscanf(buf, "%x %x", &idVendor, &idProduct);
        if (fields < 2)
                return -EINVAL;

        dynid = kzalloc(sizeof(*dynid), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!dynid)
                return -ENOMEM;

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dynid->node);
        dynid->id.idVendor = idVendor;
        dynid->id.idProduct = idProduct;
        dynid->id.match_flags = USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE;

        spin_lock(&dynids->lock);
        list_add_tail(&dynid->node, &dynids->list);
        spin_unlock(&dynids->lock);

        if (get_driver(driver)) {
                retval = driver_attach(driver);
                put_driver(driver);
        }

        if (retval)
                return retval;
        return count;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_store_new_id);

static ssize_t store_new_id(struct device_driver *driver,
                            const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        struct usb_driver *usb_drv = to_usb_driver(driver);

        return usb_store_new_id(&usb_drv->dynids, driver, buf, count);
}
static DRIVER_ATTR(new_id, S_IWUSR, NULL, store_new_id);

static int usb_create_newid_file(struct usb_driver *usb_drv)
{
        int error = 0;

        if (usb_drv->no_dynamic_id)
                goto exit;

        if (usb_drv->probe != NULL)
                error = driver_create_file(&usb_drv->drvwrap.driver,
                                           &driver_attr_new_id);
exit:
        return error;
}

static void usb_remove_newid_file(struct usb_driver *usb_drv)
{
        if (usb_drv->no_dynamic_id)
                return;

        if (usb_drv->probe != NULL)
                driver_remove_file(&usb_drv->drvwrap.driver,
                                   &driver_attr_new_id);
}

static void usb_free_dynids(struct usb_driver *usb_drv)
{
        struct usb_dynid *dynid, *n;

        spin_lock(&usb_drv->dynids.lock);
        list_for_each_entry_safe(dynid, n, &usb_drv->dynids.list, node) {
                list_del(&dynid->node);
                kfree(dynid);
        }
        spin_unlock(&usb_drv->dynids.lock);
}
#else
static inline int usb_create_newid_file(struct usb_driver *usb_drv)
{
        return 0;
}

static void usb_remove_newid_file(struct usb_driver *usb_drv)
{
}

static inline void usb_free_dynids(struct usb_driver *usb_drv)
{
}
#endif

static const struct usb_device_id *usb_match_dynamic_id(struct usb_interface *intf,
                                                        struct usb_driver *drv)
{
        struct usb_dynid *dynid;

        spin_lock(&drv->dynids.lock);
        list_for_each_entry(dynid, &drv->dynids.list, node) {
                if (usb_match_one_id(intf, &dynid->id)) {
                        spin_unlock(&drv->dynids.lock);
                        return &dynid->id;
                }
        }
        spin_unlock(&drv->dynids.lock);
        return NULL;
}


/* called from driver core with dev locked */
static int usb_probe_device(struct device *dev)
{
        struct usb_device_driver *udriver = to_usb_device_driver(dev->driver);
        struct usb_device *udev;
        int error = -ENODEV;

        dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);

        if (!is_usb_device(dev))        /* Sanity check */
                return error;

        udev = to_usb_device(dev);

        /* TODO: Add real matching code */

        /* The device should always appear to be in use
         * unless the driver suports autosuspend.
         */
        udev->pm_usage_cnt = !(udriver->supports_autosuspend);

        error = udriver->probe(udev);
        return error;
}

/* called from driver core with dev locked */
static int usb_unbind_device(struct device *dev)
{
        struct usb_device_driver *udriver = to_usb_device_driver(dev->driver);

        udriver->disconnect(to_usb_device(dev));
        return 0;
}


/* called from driver core with dev locked */
static int usb_probe_interface(struct device *dev)
{
        struct usb_driver *driver = to_usb_driver(dev->driver);
        struct usb_interface *intf;
        struct usb_device *udev;
        const struct usb_device_id *id;
        int error = -ENODEV;

        dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);

        if (is_usb_device(dev))         /* Sanity check */
                return error;

        intf = to_usb_interface(dev);
        udev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
        intf->needs_binding = 0;

        if (udev->authorized == 0) {
                dev_err(&intf->dev, "Device is not authorized for usage\n");
                return -ENODEV;
        }

        id = usb_match_id(intf, driver->id_table);
        if (!id)
                id = usb_match_dynamic_id(intf, driver);
        if (id) {
                dev_dbg(dev, "%s - got id\n", __func__);

                error = usb_autoresume_device(udev);
                if (error)
                        return error;

                /* Interface "power state" doesn't correspond to any hardware
                 * state whatsoever.  We use it to record when it's bound to
                 * a driver that may start I/0:  it's not frozen/quiesced.
                 */
                mark_active(intf);
                intf->condition = USB_INTERFACE_BINDING;

                /* The interface should always appear to be in use
                 * unless the driver suports autosuspend.
                 */
                intf->pm_usage_cnt = !(driver->supports_autosuspend);

                /* Carry out a deferred switch to altsetting 0 */
                if (intf->needs_altsetting0) {
                        usb_set_interface(udev, intf->altsetting[0].
                                        desc.bInterfaceNumber, 0);
                        intf->needs_altsetting0 = 0;
                }

                error = driver->probe(intf, id);
                if (error) {
                        mark_quiesced(intf);
                        intf->needs_remote_wakeup = 0;
                        intf->condition = USB_INTERFACE_UNBOUND;
                } else
                        intf->condition = USB_INTERFACE_BOUND;

                usb_autosuspend_device(udev);
        }

        return error;
}

/* called from driver core with dev locked */
static int usb_unbind_interface(struct device *dev)
{
        struct usb_driver *driver = to_usb_driver(dev->driver);
        struct usb_interface *intf = to_usb_interface(dev);
        struct usb_device *udev;
        int error;

        intf->condition = USB_INTERFACE_UNBINDING;

        /* Autoresume for set_interface call below */
        udev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
        error = usb_autoresume_device(udev);

        /* Terminate all URBs for this interface unless the driver
         * supports "soft" unbinding.
         */
        if (!driver->soft_unbind)
                usb_disable_interface(udev, intf);

        driver->disconnect(intf);

        /* Reset other interface state.
         * We cannot do a Set-Interface if the device is suspended or
         * if it is prepared for a system sleep (since installing a new
         * altsetting means creating new endpoint device entries).
         * When either of these happens, defer the Set-Interface.
         */
        if (!error && intf->dev.power.status == DPM_ON)
                usb_set_interface(udev, intf->altsetting[0].
                                desc.bInterfaceNumber, 0);
        else
                intf->needs_altsetting0 = 1;
        usb_set_intfdata(intf, NULL);

        intf->condition = USB_INTERFACE_UNBOUND;
        mark_quiesced(intf);
        intf->needs_remote_wakeup = 0;

        if (!error)
                usb_autosuspend_device(udev);

        return 0;
}

/**
 * usb_driver_claim_interface - bind a driver to an interface
 * @driver: the driver to be bound
 * @iface: the interface to which it will be bound; must be in the
 *      usb device's active configuration
 * @priv: driver data associated with that interface
 *
 * This is used by usb device drivers that need to claim more than one
 * interface on a device when probing (audio and acm are current examples).
 * No device driver should directly modify internal usb_interface or
 * usb_device structure members.
 *
 * Few drivers should need to use this routine, since the most natural
 * way to bind to an interface is to return the private data from
 * the driver's probe() method.
 *
 * Callers must own the device lock, so driver probe() entries don't need
 * extra locking, but other call contexts may need to explicitly claim that
 * lock.
 */
int usb_driver_claim_interface(struct usb_driver *driver,
                                struct usb_interface *iface, void *priv)
{
        struct device *dev = &iface->dev;
        struct usb_device *udev = interface_to_usbdev(iface);
        int retval = 0;

        if (dev->driver)
                return -EBUSY;

        dev->driver = &driver->drvwrap.driver;
        usb_set_intfdata(iface, priv);
        iface->needs_binding = 0;

        usb_pm_lock(udev);
        iface->condition = USB_INTERFACE_BOUND;
        mark_active(iface);
        iface->pm_usage_cnt = !(driver->supports_autosuspend);
        usb_pm_unlock(udev);

        /* if interface was already added, bind now; else let
         * the future device_add() bind it, bypassing probe()
         */
        if (device_is_registered(dev))
                retval = device_bind_driver(dev);

        return retval;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_driver_claim_interface);

/**
 * usb_driver_release_interface - unbind a driver from an interface
 * @driver: the driver to be unbound
 * @iface: the interface from which it will be unbound
 *
 * This can be used by drivers to release an interface without waiting
 * for their disconnect() methods to be called.  In typical cases this
 * also causes the driver disconnect() method to be called.
 *
 * This call is synchronous, and may not be used in an interrupt context.
 * Callers must own the device lock, so driver disconnect() entries don't
 * need extra locking, but other call contexts may need to explicitly claim
 * that lock.
 */
void usb_driver_release_interface(struct usb_driver *driver,
                                        struct usb_interface *iface)
{
        struct device *dev = &iface->dev;
        struct usb_device *udev = interface_to_usbdev(iface);

        /* this should never happen, don't release something that's not ours */
        if (!dev->driver || dev->driver != &driver->drvwrap.driver)
                return;

        /* don't release from within disconnect() */
        if (iface->condition != USB_INTERFACE_BOUND)
                return;

        /* don't release if the interface hasn't been added yet */
        if (device_is_registered(dev)) {
                iface->condition = USB_INTERFACE_UNBINDING;
                device_release_driver(dev);
        }

        dev->driver = NULL;
        usb_set_intfdata(iface, NULL);

        usb_pm_lock(udev);
        iface->condition = USB_INTERFACE_UNBOUND;
        mark_quiesced(iface);
        iface->needs_remote_wakeup = 0;
        usb_pm_unlock(udev);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_driver_release_interface);

/* returns 0 if no match, 1 if match */
int usb_match_device(struct usb_device *dev, const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
        if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VENDOR) &&
            id->idVendor != le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor))
                return 0;

        if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_PRODUCT) &&
            id->idProduct != le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct))
                return 0;

        /* No need to test id->bcdDevice_lo != 0, since 0 is never
           greater than any unsigned number. */
        if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_LO) &&
            (id->bcdDevice_lo > le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.bcdDevice)))
                return 0;

        if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_HI) &&
            (id->bcdDevice_hi < le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.bcdDevice)))
                return 0;

        if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_CLASS) &&
            (id->bDeviceClass != dev->descriptor.bDeviceClass))
                return 0;

        if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_SUBCLASS) &&
            (id->bDeviceSubClass != dev->descriptor.bDeviceSubClass))
                return 0;

        if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_PROTOCOL) &&
            (id->bDeviceProtocol != dev->descriptor.bDeviceProtocol))
                return 0;

        return 1;
}

/* returns 0 if no match, 1 if match */
int usb_match_one_id(struct usb_interface *interface,
                     const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
        struct usb_host_interface *intf;
        struct usb_device *dev;

        /* proc_connectinfo in devio.c may call us with id == NULL. */
        if (id == NULL)
                return 0;

        intf = interface->cur_altsetting;
        dev = interface_to_usbdev(interface);

        if (!usb_match_device(dev, id))
                return 0;

        /* The interface class, subclass, and protocol should never be
         * checked for a match if the device class is Vendor Specific,
         * unless the match record specifies the Vendor ID. */
        if (dev->descriptor.bDeviceClass == USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC &&
                        !(id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VENDOR) &&
                        (id->match_flags & (USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS |
                                USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS |
                                USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_PROTOCOL)))
                return 0;

        if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS) &&
            (id->bInterfaceClass != intf->desc.bInterfaceClass))
                return 0;

        if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS) &&
            (id->bInterfaceSubClass != intf->desc.bInterfaceSubClass))
                return 0;

        if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_PROTOCOL) &&
            (id->bInterfaceProtocol != intf->desc.bInterfaceProtocol))
                return 0;

        return 1;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_match_one_id);

/**
 * usb_match_id - find first usb_device_id matching device or interface
 * @interface: the interface of interest
 * @id: array of usb_device_id structures, terminated by zero entry
 *
 * usb_match_id searches an array of usb_device_id's and returns
 * the first one matching the device or interface, or null.
 * This is used when binding (or rebinding) a driver to an interface.
 * Most USB device drivers will use this indirectly, through the usb core,
 * but some layered driver frameworks use it directly.
 * These device tables are exported with MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE, through
 * modutils, to support the driver loading functionality of USB hotplugging.
 *
 * What Matches:
 *
 * The "match_flags" element in a usb_device_id controls which
 * members are used.  If the corresponding bit is set, the
 * value in the device_id must match its corresponding member
 * in the device or interface descriptor, or else the device_id
 * does not match.
 *
 * "driver_info" is normally used only by device drivers,
 * but you can create a wildcard "matches anything" usb_device_id
 * as a driver's "modules.usbmap" entry if you provide an id with
 * only a nonzero "driver_info" field.  If you do this, the USB device
 * driver's probe() routine should use additional intelligence to
 * decide whether to bind to the specified interface.
 *
 * What Makes Good usb_device_id Tables:
 *
 * The match algorithm is very simple, so that intelligence in
 * driver selection must come from smart driver id records.
 * Unless you have good reasons to use another selection policy,
 * provide match elements only in related groups, and order match
 * specifiers from specific to general.  Use the macros provided
 * for that purpose if you can.
 *
 * The most specific match specifiers use device descriptor
 * data.  These are commonly used with product-specific matches;
 * the USB_DEVICE macro lets you provide vendor and product IDs,
 * and you can also match against ranges of product revisions.
 * These are widely used for devices with application or vendor
 * specific bDeviceClass values.
 *
 * Matches based on device class/subclass/protocol specifications
 * are slightly more general; use the USB_DEVICE_INFO macro, or
 * its siblings.  These are used with single-function devices
 * where bDeviceClass doesn't specify that each interface has
 * its own class.
 *
 * Matches based on interface class/subclass/protocol are the
 * most general; they let drivers bind to any interface on a
 * multiple-function device.  Use the USB_INTERFACE_INFO
 * macro, or its siblings, to match class-per-interface style
 * devices (as recorded in bInterfaceClass).
 *
 * Note that an entry created by USB_INTERFACE_INFO won't match
 * any interface if the device class is set to Vendor-Specific.
 * This is deliberate; according to the USB spec the meanings of
 * the interface class/subclass/protocol for these devices are also
 * vendor-specific, and hence matching against a standard product
 * class wouldn't work anyway.  If you really want to use an
 * interface-based match for such a device, create a match record
 * that also specifies the vendor ID.  (Unforunately there isn't a
 * standard macro for creating records like this.)
 *
 * Within those groups, remember that not all combinations are
 * meaningful.  For example, don't give a product version range
 * without vendor and product IDs; or specify a protocol without
 * its associated class and subclass.
 */
const struct usb_device_id *usb_match_id(struct usb_interface *interface,
                                         const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
        /* proc_connectinfo in devio.c may call us with id == NULL. */
        if (id == NULL)
                return NULL;

        /* It is important to check that id->driver_info is nonzero,
           since an entry that is all zeroes except for a nonzero
           id->driver_info is the way to create an entry that
           indicates that the driver want to examine every
           device and interface. */
        for (; id->idVendor || id->idProduct || id->bDeviceClass ||
               id->bInterfaceClass || id->driver_info; id++) {
                if (usb_match_one_id(interface, id))
                        return id;
        }

        return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_match_id);

static int usb_device_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
        /* devices and interfaces are handled separately */
        if (is_usb_device(dev)) {

                /* interface drivers never match devices */
                if (!is_usb_device_driver(drv))
                        return 0;

                /* TODO: Add real matching code */
                return 1;

        } else {
                struct usb_interface *intf;
                struct usb_driver *usb_drv;
                const struct usb_device_id *id;

                /* device drivers never match interfaces */
                if (is_usb_device_driver(drv))
                        return 0;

                intf = to_usb_interface(dev);
                usb_drv = to_usb_driver(drv);

                id = usb_match_id(intf, usb_drv->id_table);
                if (id)
                        return 1;

                id = usb_match_dynamic_id(intf, usb_drv);
                if (id)
                        return 1;
        }

        return 0;
}

#ifdef  CONFIG_HOTPLUG
static int usb_uevent(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env)
{
        struct usb_device *usb_dev;

        /* driver is often null here; dev_dbg() would oops */
        pr_debug("usb %s: uevent\n", dev_name(dev));

        if (is_usb_device(dev))
                usb_dev = to_usb_device(dev);
        else {
                struct usb_interface *intf = to_usb_interface(dev);
                usb_dev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
        }

        if (usb_dev->devnum < 0) {
                pr_debug("usb %s: already deleted?\n", dev_name(dev));
                return -ENODEV;
        }
        if (!usb_dev->bus) {
                pr_debug("usb %s: bus removed?\n", dev_name(dev));
                return -ENODEV;
        }

#ifdef  CONFIG_USB_DEVICEFS
        /* If this is available, userspace programs can directly read
         * all the device descriptors we don't tell them about.  Or
         * act as usermode drivers.
         */
        if (add_uevent_var(env, "DEVICE=/proc/bus/usb/%03d/%03d",
                           usb_dev->bus->busnum, usb_dev->devnum))
                return -ENOMEM;
#endif

        /* per-device configurations are common */
        if (add_uevent_var(env, "PRODUCT=%x/%x/%x",
                           le16_to_cpu(usb_dev->descriptor.idVendor),
                           le16_to_cpu(usb_dev->descriptor.idProduct),
                           le16_to_cpu(usb_dev->descriptor.bcdDevice)))
                return -ENOMEM;

        /* class-based driver binding models */
        if (add_uevent_var(env, "TYPE=%d/%d/%d",
                           usb_dev->descriptor.bDeviceClass,
                           usb_dev->descriptor.bDeviceSubClass,
                           usb_dev->descriptor.bDeviceProtocol))
                return -ENOMEM;

        return 0;
}

#else

static int usb_uevent(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env)
{
        return -ENODEV;
}
#endif  /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG */

/**
 * usb_register_device_driver - register a USB device (not interface) driver
 * @new_udriver: USB operations for the device driver
 * @owner: module owner of this driver.
 *
 * Registers a USB device driver with the USB core.  The list of
 * unattached devices will be rescanned whenever a new driver is
 * added, allowing the new driver to attach to any recognized devices.
 * Returns a negative error code on failure and 0 on success.
 */
int usb_register_device_driver(struct usb_device_driver *new_udriver,
                struct module *owner)
{
        int retval = 0;

        if (usb_disabled())
                return -ENODEV;

        new_udriver->drvwrap.for_devices = 1;
        new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.name = (char *) new_udriver->name;
        new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.bus = &usb_bus_type;
        new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.probe = usb_probe_device;
        new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.remove = usb_unbind_device;
        new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.owner = owner;

        retval = driver_register(&new_udriver->drvwrap.driver);

        if (!retval) {
                pr_info("%s: registered new device driver %s\n",
                        usbcore_name, new_udriver->name);
                usbfs_update_special();
        } else {
                printk(KERN_ERR "%s: error %d registering device "
                        "       driver %s\n",
                        usbcore_name, retval, new_udriver->name);
        }

        return retval;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_register_device_driver);

/**
 * usb_deregister_device_driver - unregister a USB device (not interface) driver
 * @udriver: USB operations of the device driver to unregister
 * Context: must be able to sleep
 *
 * Unlinks the specified driver from the internal USB driver list.
 */
void usb_deregister_device_driver(struct usb_device_driver *udriver)
{
        pr_info("%s: deregistering device driver %s\n",
                        usbcore_name, udriver->name);

        driver_unregister(&udriver->drvwrap.driver);
        usbfs_update_special();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_deregister_device_driver);

/**
 * usb_register_driver - register a USB interface driver
 * @new_driver: USB operations for the interface driver
 * @owner: module owner of this driver.
 * @mod_name: module name string
 *
 * Registers a USB interface driver with the USB core.  The list of
 * unattached interfaces will be rescanned whenever a new driver is
 * added, allowing the new driver to attach to any recognized interfaces.
 * Returns a negative error code on failure and 0 on success.
 *
 * NOTE: if you want your driver to use the USB major number, you must call
 * usb_register_dev() to enable that functionality.  This function no longer
 * takes care of that.
 */
int usb_register_driver(struct usb_driver *new_driver, struct module *owner,
                        const char *mod_name)
{
        int retval = 0;

        if (usb_disabled())
                return -ENODEV;

        new_driver->drvwrap.for_devices = 0;
        new_driver->drvwrap.driver.name = (char *) new_driver->name;
        new_driver->drvwrap.driver.bus = &usb_bus_type;
        new_driver->drvwrap.driver.probe = usb_probe_interface;
        new_driver->drvwrap.driver.remove = usb_unbind_interface;
        new_driver->drvwrap.driver.owner = owner;
        new_driver->drvwrap.driver.mod_name = mod_name;
        spin_lock_init(&new_driver->dynids.lock);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new_driver->dynids.list);

        retval = driver_register(&new_driver->drvwrap.driver);

        if (!retval) {
                pr_info("%s: registered new interface driver %s\n",
                        usbcore_name, new_driver->name);
                usbfs_update_special();
                usb_create_newid_file(new_driver);
        } else {
                printk(KERN_ERR "%s: error %d registering interface "
                        "       driver %s\n",
                        usbcore_name, retval, new_driver->name);
        }

        return retval;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_register_driver);

/**
 * usb_deregister - unregister a USB interface driver
 * @driver: USB operations of the interface driver to unregister
 * Context: must be able to sleep
 *
 * Unlinks the specified driver from the internal USB driver list.
 *
 * NOTE: If you called usb_register_dev(), you still need to call
 * usb_deregister_dev() to clean up your driver's allocated minor numbers,
 * this * call will no longer do it for you.
 */
void usb_deregister(struct usb_driver *driver)
{
        pr_info("%s: deregistering interface driver %s\n",
                        usbcore_name, driver->name);

        usb_remove_newid_file(driver);
        usb_free_dynids(driver);
        driver_unregister(&driver->drvwrap.driver);

        usbfs_update_special();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_deregister);

/* Forced unbinding of a USB interface driver, either because
 * it doesn't support pre_reset/post_reset/reset_resume or
 * because it doesn't support suspend/resume.
 *
 * The caller must hold @intf's device's lock, but not its pm_mutex
 * and not @intf->dev.sem.
 */
void usb_forced_unbind_intf(struct usb_interface *intf)
{
        struct usb_driver *driver = to_usb_driver(intf->dev.driver);

        dev_dbg(&intf->dev, "forced unbind\n");
        usb_driver_release_interface(driver, intf);

        /* Mark the interface for later rebinding */
        intf->needs_binding = 1;
}

/* Delayed forced unbinding of a USB interface driver and scan
 * for rebinding.
 *
 * The caller must hold @intf's device's lock, but not its pm_mutex
 * and not @intf->dev.sem.
 *
 * Note: Rebinds will be skipped if a system sleep transition is in
 * progress and the PM "complete" callback hasn't occurred yet.
 */
void usb_rebind_intf(struct usb_interface *intf)
{
        int rc;

        /* Delayed unbind of an existing driver */
        if (intf->dev.driver) {
                struct usb_driver *driver =
                                to_usb_driver(intf->dev.driver);

                dev_dbg(&intf->dev, "forced unbind\n");
                usb_driver_release_interface(driver, intf);
        }

        /* Try to rebind the interface */
        if (intf->dev.power.status == DPM_ON) {
                intf->needs_binding = 0;
                rc = device_attach(&intf->dev);
                if (rc < 0)
                        dev_warn(&intf->dev, "rebind failed: %d\n", rc);
        }
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PM

#define DO_UNBIND       0
#define DO_REBIND       1

/* Unbind drivers for @udev's interfaces that don't support suspend/resume,
 * or rebind interfaces that have been unbound, according to @action.
 *
 * The caller must hold @udev's device lock.
 */
static void do_unbind_rebind(struct usb_device *udev, int action)
{
        struct usb_host_config  *config;
        int                     i;
        struct usb_interface    *intf;
        struct usb_driver       *drv;

        config = udev->actconfig;
        if (config) {
                for (i = 0; i < config->desc.bNumInterfaces; ++i) {
                        intf = config->interface[i];
                        switch (action) {
                        case DO_UNBIND:
                                if (intf->dev.driver) {
                                        drv = to_usb_driver(intf->dev.driver);
                                        if (!drv->suspend || !drv->resume)
                                                usb_forced_unbind_intf(intf);
                                }
                                break;
                        case DO_REBIND:
                                if (intf->needs_binding)
                                        usb_rebind_intf(intf);
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }
}

/* Caller has locked udev's pm_mutex */
static int usb_suspend_device(struct usb_device *udev, pm_message_t msg)
{
        struct usb_device_driver        *udriver;
        int                             status = 0;

        if (udev->state == USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED ||
                        udev->state == USB_STATE_SUSPENDED)
                goto done;

        /* For devices that don't have a driver, we do a generic suspend. */
        if (udev->dev.driver)
                udriver = to_usb_device_driver(udev->dev.driver);
        else {
                udev->do_remote_wakeup = 0;
                udriver = &usb_generic_driver;
        }
        status = udriver->suspend(udev, msg);

 done:
        dev_vdbg(&udev->dev, "%s: status %d\n", __func__, status);
        return status;
}

/* Caller has locked udev's pm_mutex */
static int usb_resume_device(struct usb_device *udev)
{
        struct usb_device_driver        *udriver;
        int                             status = 0;

        if (udev->state == USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED)
                goto done;

        /* Can't resume it if it doesn't have a driver. */
        if (udev->dev.driver == NULL) {
                status = -ENOTCONN;
                goto done;
        }

        if (udev->quirks & USB_QUIRK_RESET_RESUME)
                udev->reset_resume = 1;

        udriver = to_usb_device_driver(udev->dev.driver);
        status = udriver->resume(udev);

 done:
        dev_vdbg(&udev->dev, "%s: status %d\n", __func__, status);
        if (status == 0)
                udev->autoresume_disabled = 0;
        return status;
}

/* Caller has locked intf's usb_device's pm mutex */
static int usb_suspend_interface(struct usb_device *udev,
                struct usb_interface *intf, pm_message_t msg)
{
        struct usb_driver       *driver;
        int                     status = 0;

        /* with no hardware, USB interfaces only use FREEZE and ON states */
        if (udev->state == USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED || !is_active(intf))
                goto done;

        if (intf->condition == USB_INTERFACE_UNBOUND)   /* This can't happen */
                goto done;
        driver = to_usb_driver(intf->dev.driver);

        if (driver->suspend) {
                status = driver->suspend(intf, msg);
                if (status == 0)
                        mark_quiesced(intf);
                else if (!udev->auto_pm)
                        dev_err(&intf->dev, "%s error %d\n",
                                        "suspend", status);
        } else {
                /* Later we will unbind the driver and reprobe */
                intf->needs_binding = 1;
                dev_warn(&intf->dev, "no %s for driver %s?\n",
                                "suspend", driver->name);
                mark_quiesced(intf);
        }

 done:
        dev_vdbg(&intf->dev, "%s: status %d\n", __func__, status);
        return status;
}

/* Caller has locked intf's usb_device's pm_mutex */
static int usb_resume_interface(struct usb_device *udev,
                struct usb_interface *intf, int reset_resume)
{
        struct usb_driver       *driver;
        int                     status = 0;

        if (udev->state == USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED || is_active(intf))
                goto done;

        /* Don't let autoresume interfere with unbinding */
        if (intf->condition == USB_INTERFACE_UNBINDING)
                goto done;

        /* Can't resume it if it doesn't have a driver. */
        if (intf->condition == USB_INTERFACE_UNBOUND) {

                /* Carry out a deferred switch to altsetting 0 */
                if (intf->needs_altsetting0 &&
                                intf->dev.power.status == DPM_ON) {
                        usb_set_interface(udev, intf->altsetting[0].
                                        desc.bInterfaceNumber, 0);
                        intf->needs_altsetting0 = 0;
                }
                goto done;
        }

        /* Don't resume if the interface is marked for rebinding */
        if (intf->needs_binding)
                goto done;
        driver = to_usb_driver(intf->dev.driver);

        if (reset_resume) {
                if (driver->reset_resume) {
                        status = driver->reset_resume(intf);
                        if (status)
                                dev_err(&intf->dev, "%s error %d\n",
                                                "reset_resume", status);
                } else {
                        intf->needs_binding = 1;
                        dev_warn(&intf->dev, "no %s for driver %s?\n",
                                        "reset_resume", driver->name);
                }
        } else {
                if (driver->resume) {
                        status = driver->resume(intf);
                        if (status)
                                dev_err(&intf->dev, "%s error %d\n",
                                                "resume", status);
                } else {
                        intf->needs_binding = 1;
                        dev_warn(&intf->dev, "no %s for driver %s?\n",
                                        "resume", driver->name);
                }
        }

done:
        dev_vdbg(&intf->dev, "%s: status %d\n", __func__, status);
        if (status == 0 && intf->condition == USB_INTERFACE_BOUND)
                mark_active(intf);

        /* Later we will unbind the driver and/or reprobe, if necessary */
        return status;
}

#ifdef  CONFIG_USB_SUSPEND

/* Internal routine to check whether we may autosuspend a device. */
static int autosuspend_check(struct usb_device *udev, int reschedule)
{
        int                     i;
        struct usb_interface    *intf;
        unsigned long           suspend_time, j;

        /* For autosuspend, fail fast if anything is in use or autosuspend
         * is disabled.  Also fail if any interfaces require remote wakeup
         * but it isn't available.
         */
        if (udev->pm_usage_cnt > 0)
                return -EBUSY;
        if (udev->autosuspend_delay < 0 || udev->autosuspend_disabled)
                return -EPERM;

        suspend_time = udev->last_busy + udev->autosuspend_delay;
        if (udev->actconfig) {
                for (i = 0; i < udev->actconfig->desc.bNumInterfaces; i++) {
                        intf = udev->actconfig->interface[i];
                        if (!is_active(intf))
                                continue;
                        if (intf->pm_usage_cnt > 0)
                                return -EBUSY;
                        if (intf->needs_remote_wakeup &&
                                        !udev->do_remote_wakeup) {
                                dev_dbg(&udev->dev, "remote wakeup needed "
                                                "for autosuspend\n");
                                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
                        }

                        /* Don't allow autosuspend if the device will need
                         * a reset-resume and any of its interface drivers
                         * doesn't include support.
                         */
                        if (udev->quirks & USB_QUIRK_RESET_RESUME) {
                                struct usb_driver *driver;

                                driver = to_usb_driver(intf->dev.driver);
                                if (!driver->reset_resume ||
                                    intf->needs_remote_wakeup)
                                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
                        }
                }
        }

        /* If everything is okay but the device hasn't been idle for long
         * enough, queue a delayed autosuspend request.  If the device
         * _has_ been idle for long enough and the reschedule flag is set,
         * likewise queue a delayed (1 second) autosuspend request.
         */
        j = jiffies;
        if (time_before(j, suspend_time))
                reschedule = 1;
        else
                suspend_time = j + HZ;
        if (reschedule) {
                if (!timer_pending(&udev->autosuspend.timer)) {
                        queue_delayed_work(ksuspend_usb_wq, &udev->autosuspend,
                                round_jiffies_relative(suspend_time - j));
                }
                return -EAGAIN;
        }
        return 0;
}

#else

static inline int autosuspend_check(struct usb_device *udev, int reschedule)
{
        return 0;
}

#endif  /* CONFIG_USB_SUSPEND */

/**
 * usb_suspend_both - suspend a USB device and its interfaces
 * @udev: the usb_device to suspend
 * @msg: Power Management message describing this state transition
 *
 * This is the central routine for suspending USB devices.  It calls the
 * suspend methods for all the interface drivers in @udev and then calls
 * the suspend method for @udev itself.  If an error occurs at any stage,
 * all the interfaces which were suspended are resumed so that they remain
 * in the same state as the device.
 *
 * If an autosuspend is in progress (@udev->auto_pm is set), the routine
 * checks first to make sure that neither the device itself or any of its
 * active interfaces is in use (pm_usage_cnt is greater than 0).  If they
 * are, the autosuspend fails.
 *
 * If the suspend succeeds, the routine recursively queues an autosuspend
 * request for @udev's parent device, thereby propagating the change up
 * the device tree.  If all of the parent's children are now suspended,
 * the parent will autosuspend in turn.
 *
 * The suspend method calls are subject to mutual exclusion under control
 * of @udev's pm_mutex.  Many of these calls are also under the protection
 * of @udev's device lock (including all requests originating outside the
 * USB subsystem), but autosuspend requests generated by a child device or
 * interface driver may not be.  Usbcore will insure that the method calls
 * do not arrive during bind, unbind, or reset operations.  However, drivers
 * must be prepared to handle suspend calls arriving at unpredictable times.
 * The only way to block such calls is to do an autoresume (preventing
 * autosuspends) while holding @udev's device lock (preventing outside
 * suspends).
 *
 * The caller must hold @udev->pm_mutex.
 *
 * This routine can run only in process context.
 */
static int usb_suspend_both(struct usb_device *udev, pm_message_t msg)
{
        int                     status = 0;
        int                     i = 0;
        struct usb_interface    *intf;
        struct usb_device       *parent = udev->parent;

        if (udev->state == USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED ||
                        udev->state == USB_STATE_SUSPENDED)
                goto done;

        udev->do_remote_wakeup = device_may_wakeup(&udev->dev);

        if (udev->auto_pm) {
                status = autosuspend_check(udev, 0);
                if (status < 0)
                        goto done;
        }

        /* Suspend all the interfaces and then udev itself */
        if (udev->actconfig) {
                for (; i < udev->actconfig->desc.bNumInterfaces; i++) {
                        intf = udev->actconfig->interface[i];
                        status = usb_suspend_interface(udev, intf, msg);
                        if (status != 0)
                                break;
                }
        }
        if (status == 0)
                status = usb_suspend_device(udev, msg);

        /* If the suspend failed, resume interfaces that did get suspended */
        if (status != 0) {
                while (--i >= 0) {
                        intf = udev->actconfig->interface[i];
                        usb_resume_interface(udev, intf, 0);
                }

                /* Try another autosuspend when the interfaces aren't busy */
                if (udev->auto_pm)
                        autosuspend_check(udev, status == -EBUSY);

        /* If the suspend succeeded then prevent any more URB submissions,
         * flush any outstanding URBs, and propagate the suspend up the tree.
         */
        } else {
                cancel_delayed_work(&udev->autosuspend);
                udev->can_submit = 0;
                for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                        usb_hcd_flush_endpoint(udev, udev->ep_out[i]);
                        usb_hcd_flush_endpoint(udev, udev->ep_in[i]);
                }

                /* If this is just a FREEZE or a PRETHAW, udev might
                 * not really be suspended.  Only true suspends get
                 * propagated up the device tree.
                 */
                if (parent && udev->state == USB_STATE_SUSPENDED)
                        usb_autosuspend_device(parent);
        }

 done:
        dev_vdbg(&udev->dev, "%s: status %d\n", __func__, status);
        return status;
}

/**
 * usb_resume_both - resume a USB device and its interfaces
 * @udev: the usb_device to resume
 *
 * This is the central routine for resuming USB devices.  It calls the
 * the resume method for @udev and then calls the resume methods for all
 * the interface drivers in @udev.
 *
 * Before starting the resume, the routine calls itself recursively for
 * the parent device of @udev, thereby propagating the change up the device
 * tree and assuring that @udev will be able to resume.  If the parent is
 * unable to resume successfully, the routine fails.
 *
 * The resume method calls are subject to mutual exclusion under control
 * of @udev's pm_mutex.  Many of these calls are also under the protection
 * of @udev's device lock (including all requests originating outside the
 * USB subsystem), but autoresume requests generated by a child device or
 * interface driver may not be.  Usbcore will insure that the method calls
 * do not arrive during bind, unbind, or reset operations.  However, drivers
 * must be prepared to handle resume calls arriving at unpredictable times.
 * The only way to block such calls is to do an autoresume (preventing
 * other autoresumes) while holding @udev's device lock (preventing outside
 * resumes).
 *
 * The caller must hold @udev->pm_mutex.
 *
 * This routine can run only in process context.
 */
static int usb_resume_both(struct usb_device *udev)
{
        int                     status = 0;
        int                     i;
        struct usb_interface    *intf;
        struct usb_device       *parent = udev->parent;

        cancel_delayed_work(&udev->autosuspend);
        if (udev->state == USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED) {
                status = -ENODEV;
                goto done;
        }
        udev->can_submit = 1;

        /* Propagate the resume up the tree, if necessary */
        if (udev->state == USB_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
                if (udev->auto_pm && udev->autoresume_disabled) {
                        status = -EPERM;
                        goto done;
                }
                if (parent) {
                        status = usb_autoresume_device(parent);
                        if (status == 0) {
                                status = usb_resume_device(udev);
                                if (status || udev->state ==
                                                USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED) {
                                        usb_autosuspend_device(parent);

                                        /* It's possible usb_resume_device()
                                         * failed after the port was
                                         * unsuspended, causing udev to be
                                         * logically disconnected.  We don't
                                         * want usb_disconnect() to autosuspend
                                         * the parent again, so tell it that
                                         * udev disconnected while still
                                         * suspended. */
                                        if (udev->state ==
                                                        USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED)
                                                udev->discon_suspended = 1;
                                }
                        }
                } else {

                        /* We can't progagate beyond the USB subsystem,
                         * so if a root hub's controller is suspended
                         * then we're stuck. */
                        status = usb_resume_device(udev);
                }
        } else if (udev->reset_resume)
                status = usb_resume_device(udev);

        if (status == 0 && udev->actconfig) {
                for (i = 0; i < udev->actconfig->desc.bNumInterfaces; i++) {
                        intf = udev->actconfig->interface[i];
                        usb_resume_interface(udev, intf, udev->reset_resume);
                }
        }

 done:
        dev_vdbg(&udev->dev, "%s: status %d\n", __func__, status);
        if (!status)
                udev->reset_resume = 0;
        return status;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_USB_SUSPEND

/* Internal routine to adjust a device's usage counter and change
 * its autosuspend state.
 */
static int usb_autopm_do_device(struct usb_device *udev, int inc_usage_cnt)
{
        int     status = 0;

        usb_pm_lock(udev);
        udev->auto_pm = 1;
        udev->pm_usage_cnt += inc_usage_cnt;
        WARN_ON(udev->pm_usage_cnt < 0);
        if (inc_usage_cnt)
                udev->last_busy = jiffies;
        if (inc_usage_cnt >= 0 && udev->pm_usage_cnt > 0) {
                if (udev->state == USB_STATE_SUSPENDED)
                        status = usb_resume_both(udev);
                if (status != 0)
                        udev->pm_usage_cnt -= inc_usage_cnt;
                else if (inc_usage_cnt)
                        udev->last_busy = jiffies;
        } else if (inc_usage_cnt <= 0 && udev->pm_usage_cnt <= 0) {
                status = usb_suspend_both(udev, PMSG_SUSPEND);
        }
        usb_pm_unlock(udev);
        return status;
}

/* usb_autosuspend_work - callback routine to autosuspend a USB device */
void usb_autosuspend_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
        struct usb_device *udev =
                container_of(work, struct usb_device, autosuspend.work);

        usb_autopm_do_device(udev, 0);
}

/**
 * usb_autosuspend_device - delayed autosuspend of a USB device and its interfaces
 * @udev: the usb_device to autosuspend
 *
 * This routine should be called when a core subsystem is finished using
 * @udev and wants to allow it to autosuspend.  Examples would be when
 * @udev's device file in usbfs is closed or after a configuration change.
 *
 * @udev's usage counter is decremented.  If it or any of the usage counters
 * for an active interface is greater than 0, no autosuspend request will be
 * queued.  (If an interface driver does not support autosuspend then its
 * usage counter is permanently positive.)  Furthermore, if an interface
 * driver requires remote-wakeup capability during autosuspend but remote
 * wakeup is disabled, the autosuspend will fail.
 *
 * Often the caller will hold @udev's device lock, but this is not
 * necessary.
 *
 * This routine can run only in process context.
 */
void usb_autosuspend_device(struct usb_device *udev)
{
        int     status;

        status = usb_autopm_do_device(udev, -1);
        dev_vdbg(&udev->dev, "%s: cnt %d\n",
                        __func__, udev->pm_usage_cnt);
}

/**
 * usb_try_autosuspend_device - attempt an autosuspend of a USB device and its interfaces
 * @udev: the usb_device to autosuspend
 *
 * This routine should be called when a core subsystem thinks @udev may
 * be ready to autosuspend.
 *
 * @udev's usage counter left unchanged.  If it or any of the usage counters
 * for an active interface is greater than 0, or autosuspend is not allowed
 * for any other reason, no autosuspend request will be queued.
 *
 * This routine can run only in process context.
 */
void usb_try_autosuspend_device(struct usb_device *udev)
{
        usb_autopm_do_device(udev, 0);
        dev_vdbg(&udev->dev, "%s: cnt %d\n",
                        __func__, udev->pm_usage_cnt);
}

/**
 * usb_autoresume_device - immediately autoresume a USB device and its interfaces
 * @udev: the usb_device to autoresume
 *
 * This routine should be called when a core subsystem wants to use @udev
 * and needs to guarantee that it is not suspended.  No autosuspend will
 * occur until usb_autosuspend_device is called.  (Note that this will not
 * prevent suspend events originating in the PM core.)  Examples would be
 * when @udev's device file in usbfs is opened or when a remote-wakeup
 * request is received.
 *
 * @udev's usage counter is incremented to prevent subsequent autosuspends.
 * However if the autoresume fails then the usage counter is re-decremented.
 *
 * Often the caller will hold @udev's device lock, but this is not
 * necessary (and attempting it might cause deadlock).
 *
 * This routine can run only in process context.
 */
int usb_autoresume_device(struct usb_device *udev)
{
        int     status;

        status = usb_autopm_do_device(udev, 1);
        dev_vdbg(&udev->dev, "%s: status %d cnt %d\n",
                        __func__, status, udev->pm_usage_cnt);
        return status;
}

/* Internal routine to adjust an interface's usage counter and change
 * its device's autosuspend state.
 */
static int usb_autopm_do_interface(struct usb_interface *intf,
                int inc_usage_cnt)
{
        struct usb_device       *udev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
        int                     status = 0;

        usb_pm_lock(udev);
        if (intf->condition == USB_INTERFACE_UNBOUND)
                status = -ENODEV;
        else {
                udev->auto_pm = 1;
                intf->pm_usage_cnt += inc_usage_cnt;
                udev->last_busy = jiffies;
                if (inc_usage_cnt >= 0 && intf->pm_usage_cnt > 0) {
                        if (udev->state == USB_STATE_SUSPENDED)
                                status = usb_resume_both(udev);
                        if (status != 0)
                                intf->pm_usage_cnt -= inc_usage_cnt;
                        else
                                udev->last_busy = jiffies;
                } else if (inc_usage_cnt <= 0 && intf->pm_usage_cnt <= 0) {
                        status = usb_suspend_both(udev, PMSG_SUSPEND);
                }
        }
        usb_pm_unlock(udev);
        return status;
}

/**
 * usb_autopm_put_interface - decrement a USB interface's PM-usage counter
 * @intf: the usb_interface whose counter should be decremented
 *
 * This routine should be called by an interface driver when it is
 * finished using @intf and wants to allow it to autosuspend.  A typical
 * example would be a character-device driver when its device file is
 * closed.
 *
 * The routine decrements @intf's usage counter.  When the counter reaches
 * 0, a delayed autosuspend request for @intf's device is queued.  When
 * the delay expires, if @intf->pm_usage_cnt is still <= 0 along with all
 * the other usage counters for the sibling interfaces and @intf's
 * usb_device, the device and all its interfaces will be autosuspended.
 *
 * Note that @intf->pm_usage_cnt is owned by the interface driver.  The
 * core will not change its value other than the increment and decrement
 * in usb_autopm_get_interface and usb_autopm_put_interface.  The driver
 * may use this simple counter-oriented discipline or may set the value
 * any way it likes.
 *
 * If the driver has set @intf->needs_remote_wakeup then autosuspend will
 * take place only if the device's remote-wakeup facility is enabled.
 *
 * Suspend method calls queued by this routine can arrive at any time
 * while @intf is resumed and its usage counter is equal to 0.  They are
 * not protected by the usb_device's lock but only by its pm_mutex.
 * Drivers must provide their own synchronization.
 *
 * This routine can run only in process context.
 */
void usb_autopm_put_interface(struct usb_interface *intf)
{
        int     status;

        status = usb_autopm_do_interface(intf, -1);
        dev_vdbg(&intf->dev, "%s: status %d cnt %d\n",
                        __func__, status, intf->pm_usage_cnt);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_autopm_put_interface);

/**
 * usb_autopm_get_interface - increment a USB interface's PM-usage counter
 * @intf: the usb_interface whose counter should be incremented
 *
 * This routine should be called by an interface driver when it wants to
 * use @intf and needs to guarantee that it is not suspended.  In addition,
 * the routine prevents @intf from being autosuspended subsequently.  (Note
 * that this will not prevent suspend events originating in the PM core.)
 * This prevention will persist until usb_autopm_put_interface() is called
 * or @intf is unbound.  A typical example would be a character-device
 * driver when its device file is opened.
 *
 *
 * The routine increments @intf's usage counter.  (However if the
 * autoresume fails then the counter is re-decremented.)  So long as the
 * counter is greater than 0, autosuspend will not be allowed for @intf
 * or its usb_device.  When the driver is finished using @intf it should
 * call usb_autopm_put_interface() to decrement the usage counter and
 * queue a delayed autosuspend request (if the counter is <= 0).
 *
 *
 * Note that @intf->pm_usage_cnt is owned by the interface driver.  The
 * core will not change its value other than the increment and decrement
 * in usb_autopm_get_interface and usb_autopm_put_interface.  The driver
 * may use this simple counter-oriented discipline or may set the value
 * any way it likes.
 *
 * Resume method calls generated by this routine can arrive at any time
 * while @intf is suspended.  They are not protected by the usb_device's
 * lock but only by its pm_mutex.  Drivers must provide their own
 * synchronization.
 *
 * This routine can run only in process context.
 */
int usb_autopm_get_interface(struct usb_interface *intf)
{
        int     status;

        status = usb_autopm_do_interface(intf, 1);
        dev_vdbg(&intf->dev, "%s: status %d cnt %d\n",
                        __func__, status, intf->pm_usage_cnt);
        return status;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_autopm_get_interface);

/**
 * usb_autopm_set_interface - set a USB interface's autosuspend state
 * @intf: the usb_interface whose state should be set
 *
 * This routine sets the autosuspend state of @intf's device according
 * to @intf's usage counter, which the caller must have set previously.
 * If the counter is <= 0, the device is autosuspended (if it isn't
 * already suspended and if nothing else prevents the autosuspend).  If
 * the counter is > 0, the device is autoresumed (if it isn't already
 * awake).
 */
int usb_autopm_set_interface(struct usb_interface *intf)
{
        int     status;

        status = usb_autopm_do_interface(intf, 0);
        dev_vdbg(&intf->dev, "%s: status %d cnt %d\n",
                        __func__, status, intf->pm_usage_cnt);
        return status;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_autopm_set_interface);

#else

void usb_autosuspend_work(struct work_struct *work)
{}

#endif /* CONFIG_USB_SUSPEND */

/**
 * usb_external_suspend_device - external suspend of a USB device and its interfaces
 * @udev: the usb_device to suspend
 * @msg: Power Management message describing this state transition
 *
 * This routine handles external suspend requests: ones not generated
 * internally by a USB driver (autosuspend) but rather coming from the user
 * (via sysfs) or the PM core (system sleep).  The suspend will be carried
 * out regardless of @udev's usage counter or those of its interfaces,
 * and regardless of whether or not remote wakeup is enabled.  Of course,
 * interface drivers still have the option of failing the suspend (if
 * there are unsuspended children, for example).
 *
 * The caller must hold @udev's device lock.
 */
int usb_external_suspend_device(struct usb_device *udev, pm_message_t msg)
{
        int     status;

        do_unbind_rebind(udev, DO_UNBIND);
        usb_pm_lock(udev);
        udev->auto_pm = 0;
        status = usb_suspend_both(udev, msg);
        usb_pm_unlock(udev);
        return status;
}

/**
 * usb_external_resume_device - external resume of a USB device and its interfaces
 * @udev: the usb_device to resume
 *
 * This routine handles external resume requests: ones not generated
 * internally by a USB driver (autoresume) but rather coming from the user
 * (via sysfs), the PM core (system resume), or the device itself (remote
 * wakeup).  @udev's usage counter is unaffected.
 *
 * The caller must hold @udev's device lock.
 */
int usb_external_resume_device(struct usb_device *udev)
{
        int     status;

        usb_pm_lock(udev);
        udev->auto_pm = 0;
        status = usb_resume_both(udev);
        udev->last_busy = jiffies;
        usb_pm_unlock(udev);
        if (status == 0)
                do_unbind_rebind(udev, DO_REBIND);

        /* Now that the device is awake, we can start trying to autosuspend
         * it again. */
        if (status == 0)
                usb_try_autosuspend_device(udev);
        return status;
}

int usb_suspend(struct device *dev, pm_message_t message)
{
        struct usb_device       *udev;

        udev = to_usb_device(dev);

        /* If udev is already suspended, we can skip this suspend and
         * we should also skip the upcoming system resume.  High-speed
         * root hubs are an exception; they need to resume whenever the
         * system wakes up in order for USB-PERSIST port handover to work
         * properly.
         */
        if (udev->state == USB_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
                if (udev->parent || udev->speed != USB_SPEED_HIGH)
                        udev->skip_sys_resume = 1;
                return 0;
        }

        udev->skip_sys_resume = 0;
        return usb_external_suspend_device(udev, message);
}

int usb_resume(struct device *dev)
{
        struct usb_device       *udev;

        udev = to_usb_device(dev);

        /* If udev->skip_sys_resume is set then udev was already suspended
         * when the system sleep started, so we don't want to resume it
         * during this system wakeup.
         */
        if (udev->skip_sys_resume)
                return 0;
        return usb_external_resume_device(udev);
}

#endif /* CONFIG_PM */

struct bus_type usb_bus_type = {
        .name =         "usb",
        .match =        usb_device_match,
        .uevent =       usb_uevent,
};