[deliverable/linux.git] / fs / ocfs2 / blockcheck.c

/* -*- mode: c; c-basic-offset: 8; -*-
 * vim: noexpandtab sw=8 ts=8 sts=0:
 *
 * blockcheck.c
 *
 * Checksum and ECC codes for the OCFS2 userspace library.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
 * License, version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/crc32.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <asm/byteorder.h>

#include "ocfs2.h"

#include "blockcheck.h"



/*
 * We use the following conventions:
 *
 * d = # data bits
 * p = # parity bits
 * c = # total code bits (d + p)
 */
static int calc_parity_bits(unsigned int d)
{
        unsigned int p;

        /*
         * Bits required for Single Error Correction is as follows:
         *
         * d + p + 1 <= 2^p
         *
         * We're restricting ourselves to 31 bits of parity, that should be
         * sufficient.
         */
        for (p = 1; p < 32; p++)
        {
                if ((d + p + 1) <= (1 << p))
                        return p;
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Calculate the bit offset in the hamming code buffer based on the bit's
 * offset in the data buffer.  Since the hamming code reserves all
 * power-of-two bits for parity, the data bit number and the code bit
 * number are offest by all the parity bits beforehand.
 *
 * Recall that bit numbers in hamming code are 1-based.  This function
 * takes the 0-based data bit from the caller.
 *
 * An example.  Take bit 1 of the data buffer.  1 is a power of two (2^0),
 * so it's a parity bit.  2 is a power of two (2^1), so it's a parity bit.
 * 3 is not a power of two.  So bit 1 of the data buffer ends up as bit 3
 * in the code buffer.
 */
static unsigned int calc_code_bit(unsigned int i)
{
        unsigned int b, p;

        /*
         * Data bits are 0-based, but we're talking code bits, which
         * are 1-based.
         */
        b = i + 1;

        /*
         * For every power of two below our bit number, bump our bit.
         *
         * We compare with (b + 1) becuase we have to compare with what b
         * would be _if_ it were bumped up by the parity bit.  Capice?
         */
        for (p = 0; (1 << p) < (b + 1); p++)
                b++;

        return b;
}

/*
 * This is the low level encoder function.  It can be called across
 * multiple hunks just like the crc32 code.  'd' is the number of bits
 * _in_this_hunk_.  nr is the bit offset of this hunk.  So, if you had
 * two 512B buffers, you would do it like so:
 *
 * parity = ocfs2_hamming_encode(0, buf1, 512 * 8, 0);
 * parity = ocfs2_hamming_encode(parity, buf2, 512 * 8, 512 * 8);
 *
 * If you just have one buffer, use ocfs2_hamming_encode_block().
 */
u32 ocfs2_hamming_encode(u32 parity, void *data, unsigned int d, unsigned int nr)
{
        unsigned int p = calc_parity_bits(nr + d);
        unsigned int i, j, b;

        BUG_ON(!p);

        /*
         * b is the hamming code bit number.  Hamming code specifies a
         * 1-based array, but C uses 0-based.  So 'i' is for C, and 'b' is
         * for the algorithm.
         *
         * The i++ in the for loop is so that the start offset passed
         * to ocfs2_find_next_bit_set() is one greater than the previously
         * found bit.
         */
        for (i = 0; (i = ocfs2_find_next_bit(data, d, i)) < d; i++)
        {
                /*
                 * i is the offset in this hunk, nr + i is the total bit
                 * offset.
                 */
                b = calc_code_bit(nr + i);

                for (j = 0; j < p; j++)
                {
                        /*
                         * Data bits in the resultant code are checked by
                         * parity bits that are part of the bit number
                         * representation.  Huh?
                         *
                         * <wikipedia href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming_code">
                         * In other words, the parity bit at position 2^k
                         * checks bits in positions having bit k set in
                         * their binary representation.  Conversely, for
                         * instance, bit 13, i.e. 1101(2), is checked by
                         * bits 1000(2) = 8, 0100(2)=4 and 0001(2) = 1.
                         * </wikipedia>
                         *
                         * Note that 'k' is the _code_ bit number.  'b' in
                         * our loop.
                         */
                        if (b & (1 << j))
                                parity ^= (1 << j);
                }
        }

        /* While the data buffer was treated as little endian, the
         * return value is in host endian. */
        return parity;
}

u32 ocfs2_hamming_encode_block(void *data, unsigned int blocksize)
{
        return ocfs2_hamming_encode(0, data, blocksize * 8, 0);
}

/*
 * Like ocfs2_hamming_encode(), this can handle hunks.  nr is the bit
 * offset of the current hunk.  If bit to be fixed is not part of the
 * current hunk, this does nothing.
 *
 * If you only have one hunk, use ocfs2_hamming_fix_block().
 */
void ocfs2_hamming_fix(void *data, unsigned int d, unsigned int nr,
                       unsigned int fix)
{
        unsigned int p = calc_parity_bits(nr + d);
        unsigned int i, b;

        BUG_ON(!p);

        /*
         * If the bit to fix has an hweight of 1, it's a parity bit.  One
         * busted parity bit is its own error.  Nothing to do here.
         */
        if (hweight32(fix) == 1)
                return;

        /*
         * nr + d is the bit right past the data hunk we're looking at.
         * If fix after that, nothing to do
         */
        if (fix >= calc_code_bit(nr + d))
                return;

        /*
         * nr is the offset in the data hunk we're starting at.  Let's
         * start b at the offset in the code buffer.  See hamming_encode()
         * for a more detailed description of 'b'.
         */
        b = calc_code_bit(nr);
        /* If the fix is before this hunk, nothing to do */
        if (fix < b)
                return;

        for (i = 0; i < d; i++, b++)
        {
                /* Skip past parity bits */
                while (hweight32(b) == 1)
                        b++;

                /*
                 * i is the offset in this data hunk.
                 * nr + i is the offset in the total data buffer.
                 * b is the offset in the total code buffer.
                 *
                 * Thus, when b == fix, bit i in the current hunk needs
                 * fixing.
                 */
                if (b == fix)
                {
                        if (ocfs2_test_bit(i, data))
                                ocfs2_clear_bit(i, data);
                        else
                                ocfs2_set_bit(i, data);
                        break;
                }
        }
}

void ocfs2_hamming_fix_block(void *data, unsigned int blocksize,
                             unsigned int fix)
{
        ocfs2_hamming_fix(data, blocksize * 8, 0, fix);
}

/*
 * This function generates check information for a block.
 * data is the block to be checked.  bc is a pointer to the
 * ocfs2_block_check structure describing the crc32 and the ecc.
 *
 * bc should be a pointer inside data, as the function will
 * take care of zeroing it before calculating the check information.  If
 * bc does not point inside data, the caller must make sure any inline
 * ocfs2_block_check structures are zeroed.
 *
 * The data buffer must be in on-disk endian (little endian for ocfs2).
 * bc will be filled with little-endian values and will be ready to go to
 * disk.
 */
void ocfs2_block_check_compute(void *data, size_t blocksize,
                               struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
{
        u32 crc;
        u32 ecc;

        memset(bc, 0, sizeof(struct ocfs2_block_check));

        crc = crc32_le(~0, data, blocksize);
        ecc = ocfs2_hamming_encode_block(data, blocksize);

        /*
         * No ecc'd ocfs2 structure is larger than 4K, so ecc will be no
         * larger than 16 bits.
         */
        BUG_ON(ecc > USHORT_MAX);

        bc->bc_crc32e = cpu_to_le32(crc);
        bc->bc_ecc = cpu_to_le16((u16)ecc);
}

/*
 * This function validates existing check information.  Like _compute,
 * the function will take care of zeroing bc before calculating check codes.
 * If bc is not a pointer inside data, the caller must have zeroed any
 * inline ocfs2_block_check structures.
 *
 * Again, the data passed in should be the on-disk endian.
 */
int ocfs2_block_check_validate(void *data, size_t blocksize,
                               struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
{
        int rc = 0;
        struct ocfs2_block_check check;
        u32 crc, ecc;

        check.bc_crc32e = le32_to_cpu(bc->bc_crc32e);
        check.bc_ecc = le16_to_cpu(bc->bc_ecc);

        memset(bc, 0, sizeof(struct ocfs2_block_check));

        /* Fast path - if the crc32 validates, we're good to go */
        crc = crc32_le(~0, data, blocksize);
        if (crc == check.bc_crc32e)
                goto out;

        /* Ok, try ECC fixups */
        ecc = ocfs2_hamming_encode_block(data, blocksize);
        ocfs2_hamming_fix_block(data, blocksize, ecc ^ check.bc_ecc);

        /* And check the crc32 again */
        crc = crc32_le(~0, data, blocksize);
        if (crc == check.bc_crc32e)
                goto out;

        rc = -EIO;

out:
        bc->bc_crc32e = cpu_to_le32(check.bc_crc32e);
        bc->bc_ecc = cpu_to_le16(check.bc_ecc);

        return rc;
}

/*
 * This function generates check information for a list of buffer_heads.
 * bhs is the blocks to be checked.  bc is a pointer to the
 * ocfs2_block_check structure describing the crc32 and the ecc.
 *
 * bc should be a pointer inside data, as the function will
 * take care of zeroing it before calculating the check information.  If
 * bc does not point inside data, the caller must make sure any inline
 * ocfs2_block_check structures are zeroed.
 *
 * The data buffer must be in on-disk endian (little endian for ocfs2).
 * bc will be filled with little-endian values and will be ready to go to
 * disk.
 */
void ocfs2_block_check_compute_bhs(struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
                                   struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
{
        int i;
        u32 crc, ecc;

        BUG_ON(nr < 0);

        if (!nr)
                return;

        memset(bc, 0, sizeof(struct ocfs2_block_check));

        for (i = 0, crc = ~0, ecc = 0; i < nr; i++) {
                crc = crc32_le(crc, bhs[i]->b_data, bhs[i]->b_size);
                /*
                 * The number of bits in a buffer is obviously b_size*8.
                 * The offset of this buffer is b_size*i, so the bit offset
                 * of this buffer is b_size*8*i.
                 */
                ecc = (u16)ocfs2_hamming_encode(ecc, bhs[i]->b_data,
                                                bhs[i]->b_size * 8,
                                                bhs[i]->b_size * 8 * i);
        }

        /*
         * No ecc'd ocfs2 structure is larger than 4K, so ecc will be no
         * larger than 16 bits.
         */
        BUG_ON(ecc > USHORT_MAX);

        bc->bc_crc32e = cpu_to_le32(crc);
        bc->bc_ecc = cpu_to_le16((u16)ecc);
}

/*
 * This function validates existing check information on a list of
 * buffer_heads.  Like _compute_bhs, the function will take care of
 * zeroing bc before calculating check codes.  If bc is not a pointer
 * inside data, the caller must have zeroed any inline
 * ocfs2_block_check structures.
 *
 * Again, the data passed in should be the on-disk endian.
 */
int ocfs2_block_check_validate_bhs(struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
                                   struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
{
        int i, rc = 0;
        struct ocfs2_block_check check;
        u32 crc, ecc, fix;

        BUG_ON(nr < 0);

        if (!nr)
                return 0;

        check.bc_crc32e = le32_to_cpu(bc->bc_crc32e);
        check.bc_ecc = le16_to_cpu(bc->bc_ecc);

        memset(bc, 0, sizeof(struct ocfs2_block_check));

        /* Fast path - if the crc32 validates, we're good to go */
        for (i = 0, crc = ~0; i < nr; i++)
                crc = crc32_le(crc, bhs[i]->b_data, bhs[i]->b_size);
        if (crc == check.bc_crc32e)
                goto out;

        mlog(ML_ERROR,
             "CRC32 failed: stored: %u, computed %u.  Applying ECC.\n",
             (unsigned int)check.bc_crc32e, (unsigned int)crc);

        /* Ok, try ECC fixups */
        for (i = 0, ecc = 0; i < nr; i++) {
                /*
                 * The number of bits in a buffer is obviously b_size*8.
                 * The offset of this buffer is b_size*i, so the bit offset
                 * of this buffer is b_size*8*i.
                 */
                ecc = (u16)ocfs2_hamming_encode(ecc, bhs[i]->b_data,
                                                bhs[i]->b_size * 8,
                                                bhs[i]->b_size * 8 * i);
        }
        fix = ecc ^ check.bc_ecc;
        for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
                /*
                 * Try the fix against each buffer.  It will only affect
                 * one of them.
                 */
                ocfs2_hamming_fix(bhs[i]->b_data, bhs[i]->b_size * 8,
                                  bhs[i]->b_size * 8 * i, fix);
        }

        /* And check the crc32 again */
        for (i = 0, crc = ~0; i < nr; i++)
                crc = crc32_le(crc, bhs[i]->b_data, bhs[i]->b_size);
        if (crc == check.bc_crc32e)
                goto out;

        mlog(ML_ERROR, "Fixed CRC32 failed: stored: %u, computed %u\n",
             (unsigned int)check.bc_crc32e, (unsigned int)crc);

        rc = -EIO;

out:
        bc->bc_crc32e = cpu_to_le32(check.bc_crc32e);
        bc->bc_ecc = cpu_to_le16(check.bc_ecc);

        return rc;
}

/*
 * These are the main API.  They check the superblock flag before
 * calling the underlying operations.
 *
 * They expect the buffer(s) to be in disk format.
 */
void ocfs2_compute_meta_ecc(struct super_block *sb, void *data,
                            struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
{
        if (ocfs2_meta_ecc(OCFS2_SB(sb)))
                ocfs2_block_check_compute(data, sb->s_blocksize, bc);
}

int ocfs2_validate_meta_ecc(struct super_block *sb, void *data,
                            struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
{
        int rc = 0;

        if (ocfs2_meta_ecc(OCFS2_SB(sb)))
                rc = ocfs2_block_check_validate(data, sb->s_blocksize, bc);

        return rc;
}

void ocfs2_compute_meta_ecc_bhs(struct super_block *sb,
                                struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
                                struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
{
        if (ocfs2_meta_ecc(OCFS2_SB(sb)))
                ocfs2_block_check_compute_bhs(bhs, nr, bc);
}

int ocfs2_validate_meta_ecc_bhs(struct super_block *sb,
                                struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
                                struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
{
        int rc = 0;

        if (ocfs2_meta_ecc(OCFS2_SB(sb)))
                rc = ocfs2_block_check_validate_bhs(bhs, nr, bc);

        return rc;
}