1 /* as.c - GAS main program.
2 Copyright (C) 1987, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 1997
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
7 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
12 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
19 Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
23 * Main program for AS; a 32-bit assembler of GNU.
24 * Understands command arguments.
25 * Has a few routines that don't fit in other modules because they
32 * Since no-one else says they will support them in future: I
33 * don't support them now.
43 #include "output-file.h"
47 #define itbl_parse(itbl_file) 1
52 #ifdef NEED_DECLARATION_SBRK
57 static void show_usage
PARAMS ((FILE *));
58 static void parse_args
PARAMS ((int *, char ***));
59 static void dump_statistics
PARAMS ((void));
60 static void perform_an_assembly_pass
PARAMS ((int argc
, char **argv
));
61 static int macro_expr
PARAMS ((const char *, int, sb
*, int *));
63 int listing
; /* true if a listing is wanted */
65 static char *listing_filename
= NULL
; /* Name of listing file. */
67 /* Maximum level of macro nesting. */
69 int max_macro_nest
= 100;
71 char *myname
; /* argv[0] */
73 segT reg_section
, expr_section
;
74 segT text_section
, data_section
, bss_section
;
79 /* To monitor memory allocation more effectively, make this non-zero.
80 Then the chunk sizes for gas and bfd will be reduced. */
83 /* We build a list of defsyms as we read the options, and then define
84 them after we have initialized everything. */
88 struct defsym_list
*next
;
93 static struct defsym_list
*defsyms
;
95 /* Keep a record of the itbl files we read in. */
99 struct itbl_file_list
*next
;
103 static struct itbl_file_list
*itbl_files
;
113 fprintf (stderr
, "GNU assembler version %s (%s)", GAS_VERSION
, TARGET_ALIAS
);
115 fprintf (stderr
, ", using BFD version %s", BFD_VERSION
);
117 fprintf (stderr
, "\n");
124 fprintf (stream
, "Usage: %s [option...] [asmfile...]\n", myname
);
128 -a[sub-option...] turn on listings\n\
129 Sub-options [default hls]:\n\
130 c omit false conditionals\n\
131 d omit debugging directives\n\
132 h include high-level source\n\
133 l include assembly\n\
134 n omit forms processing\n\
136 =file set listing file name (must be last sub-option)\n");
138 -D produce assembler debugging messages\n\
139 --defsym SYM=VAL define symbol SYM to given value\n\
140 -f skip whitespace and comment preprocessing\n\
141 --help show this message and exit\n\
142 -I DIR add DIR to search list for .include directives\n\
143 -J don't warn about signed overflow\n\
144 -K warn when differences altered for long displacements\n\
145 -L keep local symbols (starting with `L')\n");
147 -M,--mri assemble in MRI compatibility mode\n\
149 -o OBJFILE name the object-file output OBJFILE (default a.out)\n\
150 -R fold data section into text section\n\
151 --statistics print various measured statistics from execution\n\
152 --version print assembler version number and exit\n\
153 -W suppress warnings\n\
154 --itbl INSTTBL extend instruction set to include instructions\n\
155 matching the specifications defined in file INSTTBL\n\
158 -Z generate object file even after errors\n");
160 md_show_usage (stream
);
162 fprintf (stream
, "\nReport bugs to bug-gnu-utils@prep.ai.mit.edu\n");
165 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
166 #define EMULATION_ENVIRON "AS_EMULATION"
168 extern struct emulation mipsbelf
, mipslelf
, mipself
;
169 extern struct emulation mipsbecoff
, mipslecoff
, mipsecoff
;
170 extern struct emulation i386coff
, i386elf
;
172 static struct emulation
*const emulations
[] = { EMULATIONS
};
173 static const int n_emulations
= sizeof (emulations
) / sizeof (emulations
[0]);
175 static void select_emulation_mode
PARAMS ((int, char **));
178 select_emulation_mode (argc
, argv
)
185 for (i
= 1; i
< argc
; i
++)
186 if (!strncmp ("--em", argv
[i
], 4))
192 p
= strchr (argv
[i
], '=');
199 as_fatal ("missing emulation mode name");
204 em
= getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON
);
206 em
= DEFAULT_EMULATION
;
210 for (i
= 0; i
< n_emulations
; i
++)
211 if (!strcmp (emulations
[i
]->name
, em
))
213 if (i
== n_emulations
)
214 as_fatal ("unrecognized emulation name `%s'", em
);
215 this_emulation
= emulations
[i
];
218 this_emulation
= emulations
[0];
220 this_emulation
->init ();
224 default_emul_bfd_name ()
233 this_format
= this_emulation
->format
;
235 if (this_emulation
->leading_underscore
== 2)
236 this_emulation
->leading_underscore
= this_format
->dfl_leading_underscore
;
238 if (this_emulation
->default_endian
!= 2)
239 target_big_endian
= this_emulation
->default_endian
;
241 if (this_emulation
->fake_label_name
== 0)
243 if (this_emulation
->leading_underscore
)
244 this_emulation
->fake_label_name
= "L0\001";
246 /* What other parameters should we test? */
247 this_emulation
->fake_label_name
= ".L0\001";
253 * Since it is easy to do here we interpret the special arg "-"
254 * to mean "use stdin" and we set that argv[] pointing to "".
255 * After we have munged argv[], the only things left are source file
256 * name(s) and ""(s) denoting stdin. These file names are used
257 * (perhaps more than once) later.
259 * check for new machine-dep cmdline options in
260 * md_parse_option definitions in config/tc-*.c
264 parse_args (pargc
, pargv
)
268 int old_argc
, new_argc
;
269 char **old_argv
, **new_argv
;
271 /* Starting the short option string with '-' is for programs that
272 expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
273 the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
274 as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. */
277 extern CONST
char *md_shortopts
;
278 static const char std_shortopts
[] =
281 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
282 /* -K is not meaningful if .word is not being hacked. */
285 'L', 'M', 'R', 'W', 'Z', 'f', 'a', ':', ':', 'D', 'I', ':', 'o', ':',
287 /* -v takes an argument on VMS, so we don't make it a generic
292 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also --itbl below) */
296 struct option
*longopts
;
297 extern struct option md_longopts
[];
298 extern size_t md_longopts_size
;
299 static const struct option std_longopts
[] = {
300 #define OPTION_HELP (OPTION_STD_BASE)
301 {"help", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_HELP
},
302 {"mri", no_argument
, NULL
, 'M'},
303 #define OPTION_NOCPP (OPTION_STD_BASE + 1)
304 {"nocpp", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOCPP
},
305 #define OPTION_STATISTICS (OPTION_STD_BASE + 2)
306 {"statistics", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_STATISTICS
},
307 #define OPTION_VERSION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 3)
308 {"version", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_VERSION
},
309 #define OPTION_DUMPCONFIG (OPTION_STD_BASE + 4)
310 {"dump-config", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DUMPCONFIG
},
311 #define OPTION_VERBOSE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 5)
312 {"verbose", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_VERBOSE
},
313 #define OPTION_EMULATION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 6)
314 {"emulation", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_EMULATION
},
315 #define OPTION_DEFSYM (OPTION_STD_BASE + 7)
316 {"defsym", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEFSYM
},
317 #define OPTION_INSTTBL (OPTION_STD_BASE + 8)
318 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also -t above).
319 The "-t file" or "--itbl file" option extends the basic set of
320 valid instructions by reading "file", a text file containing a
321 list of instruction formats. The additional opcodes and their
322 formats are added to the built-in set of instructions, and
323 mnemonics for new registers may also be defined. */
324 {"itbl", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_INSTTBL
}
327 /* Construct the option lists from the standard list and the
328 target dependent list. */
329 shortopts
= concat (std_shortopts
, md_shortopts
, (char *) NULL
);
330 longopts
= (struct option
*) xmalloc (sizeof (std_longopts
) + md_longopts_size
);
331 memcpy (longopts
, std_longopts
, sizeof (std_longopts
));
332 memcpy ((char *) longopts
+ sizeof (std_longopts
),
333 md_longopts
, md_longopts_size
);
335 /* Make a local copy of the old argv. */
339 /* Initialize a new argv that contains no options. */
340 new_argv
= (char **) xmalloc (sizeof (char *) * (old_argc
+ 1));
341 new_argv
[0] = old_argv
[0];
343 new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
347 /* getopt_long_only is like getopt_long, but '-' as well as '--' can
348 indicate a long option. */
350 int optc
= getopt_long_only (old_argc
, old_argv
, shortopts
, longopts
,
359 /* md_parse_option should return 1 if it recognizes optc,
361 if (md_parse_option (optc
, optarg
) != 0)
363 /* `-v' isn't included in the general short_opts list, so check for
364 it explicity here before deciding we've gotten a bad argument. */
368 /* Telling getopt to treat -v's value as optional can result
369 in it picking up a following filename argument here. The
370 VMS code in md_parse_option can return 0 in that case,
371 but it has no way of pushing the filename argument back. */
372 if (optarg
&& *optarg
)
373 new_argv
[new_argc
++] = optarg
, new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
387 case 1: /* File name. */
388 if (!strcmp (optarg
, "-"))
390 new_argv
[new_argc
++] = optarg
;
391 new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
401 case OPTION_STATISTICS
:
402 flag_print_statistics
= 1;
406 /* This output is intended to follow the GNU standards document. */
407 printf ("GNU assembler %s\n", GAS_VERSION
);
408 printf ("Copyright 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n");
410 This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of\n\
411 the GNU General Public License. This program has absolutely no warranty.\n");
412 printf ("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s'.\n",
416 case OPTION_EMULATION
:
417 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
418 if (strcmp (optarg
, this_emulation
->name
))
419 as_fatal ("multiple emulation names specified");
421 as_fatal ("emulations not handled in this configuration");
425 case OPTION_DUMPCONFIG
:
426 fprintf (stderr
, "alias = %s\n", TARGET_ALIAS
);
427 fprintf (stderr
, "canonical = %s\n", TARGET_CANONICAL
);
428 fprintf (stderr
, "cpu-type = %s\n", TARGET_CPU
);
429 #ifdef TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
430 fprintf (stderr
, "format = %s\n", TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
);
433 fprintf (stderr
, "bfd-target = %s\n", TARGET_FORMAT
);
441 struct defsym_list
*n
;
443 for (s
= optarg
; *s
!= '\0' && *s
!= '='; s
++)
446 as_fatal ("bad defsym; format is --defsym name=value");
448 i
= strtol (s
, (char **) NULL
, 0);
449 n
= (struct defsym_list
*) xmalloc (sizeof *n
);
460 /* optarg is the name of the file containing the instruction
461 formats, opcodes, register names, etc. */
462 struct itbl_file_list
*n
;
464 n
= (struct itbl_file_list
*) xmalloc (sizeof *n
);
465 n
->next
= itbl_files
;
469 /* Parse the file and add the new instructions to our internal
470 table. If multiple instruction tables are specified, the
471 information from this table gets appended onto the existing
473 itbl_files
->name
= xstrdup (optarg
);
474 if (itbl_parse (itbl_files
->name
) != 0)
476 fprintf (stderr
, "Failed to read instruction table %s\n",
484 flag_signed_overflow_ok
= 1;
487 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
489 flag_warn_displacement
= 1;
494 flag_keep_locals
= 1;
505 flag_readonly_data_in_text
= 1;
509 flag_no_warnings
= 1;
513 flag_always_generate_output
= 1;
524 listing
|= LISTING_NOCOND
;
527 listing
|= LISTING_NODEBUG
;
530 listing
|= LISTING_HLL
;
533 listing
|= LISTING_LISTING
;
536 listing
|= LISTING_NOFORM
;
539 listing
|= LISTING_SYMBOLS
;
542 listing_filename
= xstrdup (optarg
+ 1);
543 optarg
+= strlen (listing_filename
);
546 as_fatal ("invalid listing option `%c'", *optarg
);
553 listing
= LISTING_DEFAULT
;
557 /* DEBUG is implemented: it debugs different */
558 /* things from other people's assemblers. */
563 flag_no_comments
= 1;
567 { /* Include file directory */
568 char *temp
= xstrdup (optarg
);
569 add_include_dir (temp
);
574 out_file_name
= xstrdup (optarg
);
581 /* -X means treat warnings as errors */
593 static long start_time
;
604 start_time
= get_run_time ();
610 extern long _bfd_chunksize
;
616 #ifdef HOST_SPECIAL_INIT
617 HOST_SPECIAL_INIT (argc
, argv
);
621 xmalloc_set_program_name (myname
);
623 START_PROGRESS (myname
, 0);
625 #ifndef OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
626 #define OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME "a.out"
629 out_file_name
= OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
;
634 bfd_set_error_program_name (myname
);
637 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
638 select_emulation_mode (argc
, argv
);
645 parse_args (&argc
, &argv
);
647 input_scrub_begin ();
650 if (flag_print_statistics
)
651 xatexit (dump_statistics
);
656 macro_strip_at
= flag_mri
;
659 /* For compatibility with the AMD 29K family macro assembler
665 macro_init (macro_alternate
, flag_mri
, macro_strip_at
, macro_expr
);
670 output_file_create (out_file_name
);
671 assert (stdoutput
!= 0);
674 #ifdef tc_init_after_args
675 tc_init_after_args ();
680 /* Now that we have fully initialized, and have created the output
681 file, define any symbols requested by --defsym command line
683 while (defsyms
!= NULL
)
686 struct defsym_list
*next
;
688 sym
= symbol_new (defsyms
->name
, absolute_section
, defsyms
->value
,
690 symbol_table_insert (sym
);
691 next
= defsyms
->next
;
698 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc
, argv
); /* Assemble it. */
700 cond_finish_check (-1);
706 if (seen_at_least_1_file ()
707 && (flag_always_generate_output
|| had_errors () == 0))
713 write_object_file ();
716 listing_print (listing_filename
);
719 #ifndef OBJ_VMS /* does its own file handling */
720 #ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
723 output_file_close (out_file_name
);
726 if (had_errors () > 0 && ! flag_always_generate_output
)
730 unlink (out_file_name
);
734 END_PROGRESS (myname
);
736 /* Use xexit instead of return, because under VMS environments they
737 may not place the same interpretation on the value given. */
738 if (had_errors () > 0)
739 xexit (EXIT_FAILURE
);
740 xexit (EXIT_SUCCESS
);
746 extern char **environ
;
748 char *lim
= (char *) sbrk (0);
750 long run_time
= get_run_time () - start_time
;
752 fprintf (stderr
, "%s: total time in assembly: %ld.%06ld\n",
753 myname
, run_time
/ 1000000, run_time
% 1000000);
755 fprintf (stderr
, "%s: data size %ld\n",
756 myname
, (long) (lim
- (char *) &environ
));
759 subsegs_print_statistics (stderr
);
760 write_print_statistics (stderr
);
761 symbol_print_statistics (stderr
);
762 read_print_statistics (stderr
);
764 #ifdef tc_print_statistics
765 tc_print_statistics (stderr
);
767 #ifdef obj_print_statistics
768 obj_print_statistics (stderr
);
773 /* perform_an_assembly_pass()
775 * Here to attempt 1 pass over each input file.
776 * We scan argv[*] looking for filenames or exactly "" which is
777 * shorthand for stdin. Any argv that is NULL is not a file-name.
778 * We set need_pass_2 TRUE if, after this, we still have unresolved
779 * expressions of the form (unknown value)+-(unknown value).
781 * Note the un*x semantics: there is only 1 logical input file, but it
782 * may be a catenation of many 'physical' input files.
785 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc
, argv
)
796 #ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
800 for (i
= SEG_E0
; i
< SEG_UNKNOWN
; i
++)
801 segment_info
[i
].fix_root
= 0;
803 /* Create the three fixed ones */
808 seg
= subseg_new (".wtext", 0);
810 seg
= subseg_new (".text", 0);
812 assert (seg
== SEG_E0
);
813 seg
= subseg_new (".data", 0);
814 assert (seg
== SEG_E1
);
815 seg
= subseg_new (".bss", 0);
816 assert (seg
== SEG_E2
);
818 create_target_segments ();
822 #else /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
823 text_fix_root
= NULL
;
824 data_fix_root
= NULL
;
826 #endif /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
827 #else /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
828 /* Create the standard sections, and those the assembler uses
830 text_section
= subseg_new (".text", 0);
831 data_section
= subseg_new (".data", 0);
832 bss_section
= subseg_new (".bss", 0);
833 /* @@ FIXME -- we're setting the RELOC flag so that sections are assumed
834 to have relocs, otherwise we don't find out in time. */
835 applicable
= bfd_applicable_section_flags (stdoutput
);
836 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput
, text_section
,
837 applicable
& (SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_RELOC
838 | SEC_CODE
| SEC_READONLY
));
839 /* @@ FIXME -- SEC_CODE seems to mean code only, rather than code possibly.*/
840 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput
, data_section
,
841 applicable
& (SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_RELOC
));
842 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput
, bss_section
, applicable
& SEC_ALLOC
);
843 seg_info (bss_section
)->bss
= 1;
844 subseg_new (BFD_ABS_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
845 subseg_new (BFD_UND_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
846 reg_section
= subseg_new ("*GAS `reg' section*", 0);
847 expr_section
= subseg_new ("*GAS `expr' section*", 0);
849 #endif /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
851 subseg_set (text_section
, 0);
853 /* This may add symbol table entries, which requires having an open BFD,
854 and sections already created, in BFD_ASSEMBLER mode. */
861 argv
++; /* skip argv[0] */
862 argc
--; /* skip argv[0] */
866 { /* Is it a file-name argument? */
869 /* argv->"" if stdin desired, else->filename */
870 read_a_source_file (*argv
);
872 argv
++; /* completed that argv */
875 read_a_source_file ("");
876 } /* perform_an_assembly_pass() */
878 /* The interface between the macro code and gas expression handling. */
881 macro_expr (emsg
, idx
, in
, val
)
892 hold
= input_line_pointer
;
893 input_line_pointer
= in
->ptr
+ idx
;
895 idx
= input_line_pointer
- in
->ptr
;
896 input_line_pointer
= hold
;
898 if (ex
.X_op
!= O_constant
)
901 *val
= (int) ex
.X_add_number
;