gas/config/tc-avr.c

   1 /* tc-avr.c -- Assembler code for the ATMEL AVR
   2
   3    Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   4    Contributed by Denis Chertykov <denisc@overta.ru>
   5
   6    This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
   7
   8    GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   9    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  11    any later version.
  12
  13    GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  14    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  16    GNU General Public License for more details.
  17
  18    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19    along with GAS; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
  20    the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  21    Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
  22
  23 #include <stdio.h>
  24 #include "as.h"
  25 #include "safe-ctype.h"
  26 #include "subsegs.h"
  27
  28 struct avr_opcodes_s
  29 {
  30   char *name;
  31   char *constraints;
  32   int insn_size;                /* In words.  */
  33   int isa;
  34   unsigned int bin_opcode;
  35 };
  36
  37 #define AVR_INSN(NAME, CONSTR, OPCODE, SIZE, ISA, BIN) \
  38 {#NAME, CONSTR, SIZE, ISA, BIN},
  39
  40 struct avr_opcodes_s avr_opcodes[] =
  41 {
  42   #include "opcode/avr.h"
  43   {NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0}
  44 };
  45
  46 const char comment_chars[] = ";";
  47 const char line_comment_chars[] = "#";
  48 const char line_separator_chars[] = "$";
  49
  50 const char *md_shortopts = "m:";
  51 struct mcu_type_s
  52 {
  53   char *name;
  54   int isa;
  55   int mach;
  56 };
  57
  58 /* XXX - devices that don't seem to exist (renamed, replaced with larger
  59    ones, or planned but never produced), left here for compatibility.
  60    TODO: hide them in show_mcu_list output?  */
  61
  62 static struct mcu_type_s mcu_types[] =
  63 {
  64   {"avr1",      AVR_ISA_TINY1,    bfd_mach_avr1},
  65   {"avr2",      AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2},
  66   {"avr3",      AVR_ISA_M103,     bfd_mach_avr3},
  67   {"avr4",      AVR_ISA_M8,       bfd_mach_avr4},
  68   {"avr5",      AVR_ISA_ALL,      bfd_mach_avr5},
  69   {"at90s1200", AVR_ISA_1200,     bfd_mach_avr1},
  70   {"attiny10",  AVR_ISA_TINY1,    bfd_mach_avr1}, /* XXX -> tn11 */
  71   {"attiny11",  AVR_ISA_TINY1,    bfd_mach_avr1},
  72   {"attiny12",  AVR_ISA_TINY1,    bfd_mach_avr1},
  73   {"attiny15",  AVR_ISA_TINY1,    bfd_mach_avr1},
  74   {"attiny28",  AVR_ISA_TINY1,    bfd_mach_avr1},
  75   {"at90s2313", AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2},
  76   {"at90s2323", AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2},
  77   {"at90s2333", AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2}, /* XXX -> 4433 */
  78   {"at90s2343", AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2},
  79   {"attiny22",  AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2}, /* XXX -> 2343 */
  80   {"attiny26",  AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2},
  81   {"at90s4433", AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2},
  82   {"at90s4414", AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2}, /* XXX -> 8515 */
  83   {"at90s4434", AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2}, /* XXX -> 8535 */
  84   {"at90s8515", AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2},
  85   {"at90s8535", AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2},
  86   {"at90c8534", AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2},
  87   {"at86rf401", AVR_ISA_2xxx,     bfd_mach_avr2},
  88   {"atmega603", AVR_ISA_M603,     bfd_mach_avr3}, /* XXX -> m103 */
  89   {"atmega103", AVR_ISA_M103,     bfd_mach_avr3},
  90   {"at43usb320",AVR_ISA_M103,     bfd_mach_avr3},
  91   {"at43usb355",AVR_ISA_M603,     bfd_mach_avr3},
  92   {"at76c711",  AVR_ISA_M603,     bfd_mach_avr3},
  93   {"atmega8",   AVR_ISA_M8,       bfd_mach_avr4},
  94   {"atmega83",  AVR_ISA_M8,       bfd_mach_avr4}, /* XXX -> m8535 */
  95   {"atmega85",  AVR_ISA_M8,       bfd_mach_avr4}, /* XXX -> m8 */
  96   {"atmega8515",AVR_ISA_M8,       bfd_mach_avr4},
  97   {"atmega8535",AVR_ISA_M8,       bfd_mach_avr4},
  98   {"atmega16",  AVR_ISA_M323,     bfd_mach_avr5},
  99   {"atmega161", AVR_ISA_M161,     bfd_mach_avr5},
 100   {"atmega162", AVR_ISA_M323,     bfd_mach_avr5},
 101   {"atmega163", AVR_ISA_M161,     bfd_mach_avr5},
 102   {"atmega169", AVR_ISA_M323,     bfd_mach_avr5},
 103   {"atmega32",  AVR_ISA_M323,     bfd_mach_avr5},
 104   {"atmega323", AVR_ISA_M323,     bfd_mach_avr5},
 105   {"atmega64",  AVR_ISA_M323,     bfd_mach_avr5},
 106   {"atmega128", AVR_ISA_M128,     bfd_mach_avr5},
 107   {"at94k",     AVR_ISA_94K,      bfd_mach_avr5},
 108   {NULL, 0, 0}
 109 };
 110
 111 /* Current MCU type.  */
 112 static struct mcu_type_s default_mcu = {"avr2", AVR_ISA_2xxx,bfd_mach_avr2};
 113 static struct mcu_type_s *avr_mcu = &default_mcu;
 114
 115 /* AVR target-specific switches.  */
 116 struct avr_opt_s
 117 {
 118   int all_opcodes;  /* -mall-opcodes: accept all known AVR opcodes  */
 119   int no_skip_bug;  /* -mno-skip-bug: no warnings for skipping 2-word insns  */
 120   int no_wrap;      /* -mno-wrap: reject rjmp/rcall with 8K wrap-around  */
 121 };
 122
 123 static struct avr_opt_s avr_opt = { 0, 0, 0 };
 124
 125 const char EXP_CHARS[] = "eE";
 126 const char FLT_CHARS[] = "dD";
 127 static void avr_set_arch (int dummy);
 128
 129 /* The target specific pseudo-ops which we support.  */
 130 const pseudo_typeS md_pseudo_table[] =
 131 {
 132   {"arch", avr_set_arch,        0},
 133   { NULL,       NULL,           0}
 134 };
 135
 136 #define LDI_IMMEDIATE(x) (((x) & 0xf) | (((x) << 4) & 0xf00))
 137
 138 static void show_mcu_list PARAMS ((FILE *));
 139 static char *skip_space PARAMS ((char *));
 140 static char *extract_word PARAMS ((char *, char *, int));
 141 static unsigned int avr_operand PARAMS ((struct avr_opcodes_s *,
 142                                          int, char *, char **));
 143 static unsigned int avr_operands PARAMS ((struct avr_opcodes_s *, char **));
 144 static unsigned int avr_get_constant PARAMS ((char *, int));
 145 static char *parse_exp PARAMS ((char *, expressionS *));
 146 static bfd_reloc_code_real_type avr_ldi_expression PARAMS ((expressionS *));
 147
 148 #define EXP_MOD_NAME(i) exp_mod[i].name
 149 #define EXP_MOD_RELOC(i) exp_mod[i].reloc
 150 #define EXP_MOD_NEG_RELOC(i) exp_mod[i].neg_reloc
 151 #define HAVE_PM_P(i) exp_mod[i].have_pm
 152
 153 struct exp_mod_s
 154 {
 155   char *name;
 156   bfd_reloc_code_real_type reloc;
 157   bfd_reloc_code_real_type neg_reloc;
 158   int have_pm;
 159 };
 160
 161 static struct exp_mod_s exp_mod[] =
 162 {
 163   {"hh8",    BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI,    BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_NEG,    1},
 164   {"pm_hh8", BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM, BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM_NEG, 0},
 165   {"hi8",    BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI,    BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_NEG,    1},
 166   {"pm_hi8", BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM, BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM_NEG, 0},
 167   {"lo8",    BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI,    BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_NEG,    1},
 168   {"pm_lo8", BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM, BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM_NEG, 0},
 169   {"hlo8",   -BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI,   -BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_NEG,   0},
 170   {"hhi8",   -BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI,   -BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_NEG,   0},
 171 };
 172
 173 /* Opcode hash table.  */
 174 static struct hash_control *avr_hash;
 175
 176 /* Reloc modifiers hash control (hh8,hi8,lo8,pm_xx).  */
 177 static struct hash_control *avr_mod_hash;
 178
 179 #define OPTION_MMCU 'm'
 180 #define OPTION_ALL_OPCODES (OPTION_MD_BASE + 1)
 181 #define OPTION_NO_SKIP_BUG (OPTION_MD_BASE + 2)
 182 #define OPTION_NO_WRAP     (OPTION_MD_BASE + 3)
 183
 184 struct option md_longopts[] =
 185 {
 186   { "mmcu",   required_argument, NULL, OPTION_MMCU        },
 187   { "mall-opcodes", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_ALL_OPCODES },
 188   { "mno-skip-bug", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NO_SKIP_BUG },
 189   { "mno-wrap",     no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NO_WRAP     },
 190   { NULL, no_argument, NULL, 0 }
 191 };
 192
 193 size_t md_longopts_size = sizeof (md_longopts);
 194
 195 /* Display nicely formatted list of known MCU names.  */
 196
 197 static void
 198 show_mcu_list (stream)
 199      FILE *stream;
 200 {
 201   int i, x;
 202
 203   fprintf (stream, _("Known MCU names:"));
 204   x = 1000;
 205
 206   for (i = 0; mcu_types[i].name; i++)
 207     {
 208       int len = strlen (mcu_types[i].name);
 209
 210       x += len + 1;
 211
 212       if (x < 75)
 213         fprintf (stream, " %s", mcu_types[i].name);
 214       else
 215         {
 216           fprintf (stream, "\n  %s", mcu_types[i].name);
 217           x = len + 2;
 218         }
 219     }
 220
 221   fprintf (stream, "\n");
 222 }
 223
 224 static inline char *
 225 skip_space (s)
 226      char *s;
 227 {
 228   while (*s == ' ' || *s == '\t')
 229     ++s;
 230   return s;
 231 }
 232
 233 /* Extract one word from FROM and copy it to TO.  */
 234
 235 static char *
 236 extract_word (char *from, char *to, int limit)
 237 {
 238   char *op_start;
 239   char *op_end;
 240   int size = 0;
 241
 242   /* Drop leading whitespace.  */
 243   from = skip_space (from);
 244   *to = 0;
 245
 246   /* Find the op code end.  */
 247   for (op_start = op_end = from; *op_end != 0 && is_part_of_name (*op_end);)
 248     {
 249       to[size++] = *op_end++;
 250       if (size + 1 >= limit)
 251         break;
 252     }
 253
 254   to[size] = 0;
 255   return op_end;
 256 }
 257
 258 int
 259 md_estimate_size_before_relax (fragp, seg)
 260      fragS *fragp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
 261      asection *seg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
 262 {
 263   abort ();
 264   return 0;
 265 }
 266
 267 void
 268 md_show_usage (stream)
 269      FILE *stream;
 270 {
 271   fprintf (stream,
 272       _("AVR options:\n"
 273         "  -mmcu=[avr-name] select microcontroller variant\n"
 274         "                   [avr-name] can be:\n"
 275         "                   avr1 - AT90S1200, ATtiny1x, ATtiny28\n"
 276         "                   avr2 - AT90S2xxx, AT90S4xxx, AT90S8xxx, ATtiny22\n"
 277         "                   avr3 - ATmega103, ATmega603\n"
 278         "                   avr4 - ATmega83, ATmega85\n"
 279         "                   avr5 - ATmega161, ATmega163, ATmega32, AT94K\n"
 280         "                   or immediate microcontroller name.\n"));
 281   fprintf (stream,
 282       _("  -mall-opcodes    accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by MCU\n"
 283         "  -mno-skip-bug    disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions\n"
 284         "                   (default for avr4, avr5)\n"
 285         "  -mno-wrap        reject rjmp/rcall instructions with 8K wrap-around\n"
 286         "                   (default for avr3, avr5)\n"));
 287   show_mcu_list (stream);
 288 }
 289
 290 static void
 291 avr_set_arch (dummy)
 292      int dummy ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
 293 {
 294   char *str;
 295
 296   str = (char *) alloca (20);
 297   input_line_pointer = extract_word (input_line_pointer, str, 20);
 298   md_parse_option (OPTION_MMCU, str);
 299   bfd_set_arch_mach (stdoutput, TARGET_ARCH, avr_mcu->mach);
 300 }
 301
 302 int
 303 md_parse_option (c, arg)
 304      int c;
 305      char *arg;
 306 {
 307   switch (c)
 308     {
 309     case OPTION_MMCU:
 310       {
 311         int i;
 312         char *s = alloca (strlen (arg) + 1);
 313
 314         {
 315           char *t = s;
 316           char *arg1 = arg;
 317
 318           do
 319             *t = TOLOWER (*arg1++);
 320           while (*t++);
 321         }
 322
 323         for (i = 0; mcu_types[i].name; ++i)
 324           if (strcmp (mcu_types[i].name, s) == 0)
 325             break;
 326
 327         if (!mcu_types[i].name)
 328           {
 329             show_mcu_list (stderr);
 330             as_fatal (_("unknown MCU: %s\n"), arg);
 331           }
 332
 333         /* It is OK to redefine mcu type within the same avr[1-5] bfd machine
 334            type - this for allows passing -mmcu=... via gcc ASM_SPEC as well
 335            as .arch ... in the asm output at the same time.  */
 336         if (avr_mcu == &default_mcu || avr_mcu->mach == mcu_types[i].mach)
 337           avr_mcu = &mcu_types[i];
 338         else
 339           as_fatal (_("redefinition of mcu type `%s' to `%s'"),
 340                     avr_mcu->name, mcu_types[i].name);
 341         return 1;
 342       }
 343     case OPTION_ALL_OPCODES:
 344       avr_opt.all_opcodes = 1;
 345       return 1;
 346     case OPTION_NO_SKIP_BUG:
 347       avr_opt.no_skip_bug = 1;
 348       return 1;
 349     case OPTION_NO_WRAP:
 350       avr_opt.no_wrap = 1;
 351       return 1;
 352     }
 353
 354   return 0;
 355 }
 356
 357 symbolS *
 358 md_undefined_symbol (name)
 359      char *name ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
 360 {
 361   return 0;
 362 }
 363
 364 /* Turn a string in input_line_pointer into a floating point constant
 365    of type TYPE, and store the appropriate bytes in *LITP.  The number
 366    of LITTLENUMS emitted is stored in *SIZEP.  An error message is
 367    returned, or NULL on OK.  */
 368
 369 char *
 370 md_atof (type, litP, sizeP)
 371      int type;
 372      char *litP;
 373      int *sizeP;
 374 {
 375   int prec;
 376   LITTLENUM_TYPE words[4];
 377   LITTLENUM_TYPE *wordP;
 378   char *t;
 379
 380   switch (type)
 381     {
 382     case 'f':
 383       prec = 2;
 384       break;
 385     case 'd':
 386       prec = 4;
 387       break;
 388     default:
 389       *sizeP = 0;
 390       return _("bad call to md_atof");
 391     }
 392
 393   t = atof_ieee (input_line_pointer, type, words);
 394   if (t)
 395     input_line_pointer = t;
 396
 397   *sizeP = prec * sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE);
 398
 399   /* This loop outputs the LITTLENUMs in REVERSE order.  */
 400   for (wordP = words + prec - 1; prec--;)
 401     {
 402       md_number_to_chars (litP, (valueT) (*wordP--), sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE));
 403       litP += sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE);
 404     }
 405
 406   return NULL;
 407 }
 408
 409 void
 410 md_convert_frag (abfd, sec, fragP)
 411      bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
 412      asection *sec ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
 413      fragS *fragP ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
 414 {
 415   abort ();
 416 }
 417
 418 void
 419 md_begin ()
 420 {
 421   unsigned int i;
 422   struct avr_opcodes_s *opcode;
 423   avr_hash = hash_new ();
 424
 425   /* Insert unique names into hash table.  This hash table then provides a
 426      quick index to the first opcode with a particular name in the opcode
 427      table.  */
 428   for (opcode = avr_opcodes; opcode->name; opcode++)
 429     hash_insert (avr_hash, opcode->name, (char *) opcode);
 430
 431   avr_mod_hash = hash_new ();
 432
 433   for (i = 0; i < sizeof (exp_mod) / sizeof (exp_mod[0]); ++i)
 434     hash_insert (avr_mod_hash, EXP_MOD_NAME (i), (void *) (i + 10));
 435
 436   bfd_set_arch_mach (stdoutput, TARGET_ARCH, avr_mcu->mach);
 437 }
 438
 439 /* Resolve STR as a constant expression and return the result.
 440    If result greater than MAX then error.  */
 441
 442 static unsigned int
 443 avr_get_constant (str, max)
 444      char *str;
 445      int max;
 446 {
 447   expressionS ex;
 448   str = skip_space (str);
 449   input_line_pointer = str;
 450   expression (&ex);
 451
 452   if (ex.X_op != O_constant)
 453     as_bad (_("constant value required"));
 454
 455   if (ex.X_add_number > max || ex.X_add_number < 0)
 456     as_bad (_("number must be less than %d"), max + 1);
 457
 458   return ex.X_add_number;
 459 }
 460
 461 /* Parse instruction operands.
 462    Return binary opcode.  */
 463
 464 static unsigned int
 465 avr_operands (opcode, line)
 466      struct avr_opcodes_s *opcode;
 467      char **line;
 468 {
 469   char *op = opcode->constraints;
 470   unsigned int bin = opcode->bin_opcode;
 471   char *frag = frag_more (opcode->insn_size * 2);
 472   char *str = *line;
 473   int where = frag - frag_now->fr_literal;
 474   static unsigned int prev = 0;  /* Previous opcode.  */
 475
 476   /* Opcode have operands.  */
 477   if (*op)
 478     {
 479       unsigned int reg1 = 0;
 480       unsigned int reg2 = 0;
 481       int reg1_present = 0;
 482       int reg2_present = 0;
 483
 484       /* Parse first operand.  */
 485       if (REGISTER_P (*op))
 486         reg1_present = 1;
 487       reg1 = avr_operand (opcode, where, op, &str);
 488       ++op;
 489
 490       /* Parse second operand.  */
 491       if (*op)
 492         {
 493           if (*op == ',')
 494             ++op;
 495
 496           if (*op == '=')
 497             {
 498               reg2 = reg1;
 499               reg2_present = 1;
 500             }
 501           else
 502             {
 503               if (REGISTER_P (*op))
 504                 reg2_present = 1;
 505
 506               str = skip_space (str);
 507               if (*str++ != ',')
 508                 as_bad (_("`,' required"));
 509               str = skip_space (str);
 510
 511               reg2 = avr_operand (opcode, where, op, &str);
 512
 513             }
 514
 515           if (reg1_present && reg2_present)
 516             reg2 = (reg2 & 0xf) | ((reg2 << 5) & 0x200);
 517           else if (reg2_present)
 518             reg2 <<= 4;
 519         }
 520       if (reg1_present)
 521         reg1 <<= 4;
 522       bin |= reg1 | reg2;
 523     }
 524
 525   /* Detect undefined combinations (like ld r31,Z+).  */
 526   if (!avr_opt.all_opcodes && AVR_UNDEF_P (bin))
 527     as_warn (_("undefined combination of operands"));
 528
 529   if (opcode->insn_size == 2)
 530     {
 531       /* Warn if the previous opcode was cpse/sbic/sbis/sbrc/sbrs
 532          (AVR core bug, fixed in the newer devices).  */
 533
 534       if (!(avr_opt.no_skip_bug || (avr_mcu->isa & AVR_ISA_MUL))
 535           && AVR_SKIP_P (prev))
 536         as_warn (_("skipping two-word instruction"));
 537
 538       bfd_putl32 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);
 539     }
 540   else
 541     bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);
 542
 543   prev = bin;
 544   *line = str;
 545   return bin;
 546 }
 547
 548 /* Parse one instruction operand.
 549    Return operand bitmask.  Also fixups can be generated.  */
 550
 551 static unsigned int
 552 avr_operand (opcode, where, op, line)
 553      struct avr_opcodes_s *opcode;
 554      int where;
 555      char *op;
 556      char **line;
 557 {
 558   expressionS op_expr;
 559   unsigned int op_mask = 0;
 560   char *str = skip_space (*line);
 561
 562   switch (*op)
 563     {
 564       /* Any register operand.  */
 565     case 'w':
 566     case 'd':
 567     case 'r':
 568     case 'a':
 569     case 'v':
 570       if (*str == 'r' || *str == 'R')
 571         {
 572           char r_name[20];
 573
 574           str = extract_word (str, r_name, sizeof (r_name));
 575           op_mask = 0xff;
 576           if (ISDIGIT (r_name[1]))
 577             {
 578               if (r_name[2] == '\0')
 579                 op_mask = r_name[1] - '0';
 580               else if (r_name[1] != '0'
 581                        && ISDIGIT (r_name[2])
 582                        && r_name[3] == '\0')
 583                 op_mask = (r_name[1] - '0') * 10 + r_name[2] - '0';
 584             }
 585         }
 586       else
 587         {
 588           op_mask = avr_get_constant (str, 31);
 589           str = input_line_pointer;
 590         }
 591
 592       if (op_mask <= 31)
 593         {
 594           switch (*op)
 595             {
 596             case 'a':
 597               if (op_mask < 16 || op_mask > 23)
 598                 as_bad (_("register r16-r23 required"));
 599               op_mask -= 16;
 600               break;
 601
 602             case 'd':
 603               if (op_mask < 16)
 604                 as_bad (_("register number above 15 required"));
 605               op_mask -= 16;
 606               break;
 607
 608             case 'v':
 609               if (op_mask & 1)
 610                 as_bad (_("even register number required"));
 611               op_mask >>= 1;
 612               break;
 613
 614             case 'w':
 615               if ((op_mask & 1) || op_mask < 24)
 616                 as_bad (_("register r24, r26, r28 or r30 required"));
 617               op_mask = (op_mask - 24) >> 1;
 618               break;
 619             }
 620           break;
 621         }
 622       as_bad (_("register name or number from 0 to 31 required"));
 623       break;
 624
 625     case 'e':
 626       {
 627         char c;
 628
 629         if (*str == '-')
 630           {
 631             str = skip_space (str + 1);
 632             op_mask = 0x1002;
 633           }
 634         c = TOLOWER (*str);
 635         if (c == 'x')
 636           op_mask |= 0x100c;
 637         else if (c == 'y')
 638           op_mask |= 0x8;
 639         else if (c != 'z')
 640           as_bad (_("pointer register (X, Y or Z) required"));
 641
 642         str = skip_space (str + 1);
 643         if (*str == '+')
 644           {
 645             ++str;
 646             if (op_mask & 2)
 647               as_bad (_("cannot both predecrement and postincrement"));
 648             op_mask |= 0x1001;
 649           }
 650
 651         /* avr1 can do "ld r,Z" and "st Z,r" but no other pointer
 652            registers, no predecrement, no postincrement.  */
 653         if (!avr_opt.all_opcodes && (op_mask & 0x100F)
 654             && !(avr_mcu->isa & AVR_ISA_SRAM))
 655           as_bad (_("addressing mode not supported"));
 656       }
 657       break;
 658
 659     case 'z':
 660       if (*str == '-')
 661         as_bad (_("can't predecrement"));
 662
 663       if (! (*str == 'z' || *str == 'Z'))
 664         as_bad (_("pointer register Z required"));
 665
 666       str = skip_space (str + 1);
 667
 668       if (*str == '+')
 669         {
 670           ++str;
 671           op_mask |= 1;
 672         }
 673       break;
 674
 675     case 'b':
 676       {
 677         char c = TOLOWER (*str++);
 678
 679         if (c == 'y')
 680           op_mask |= 0x8;
 681         else if (c != 'z')
 682           as_bad (_("pointer register (Y or Z) required"));
 683         str = skip_space (str);
 684         if (*str++ == '+')
 685           {
 686             unsigned int x;
 687             x = avr_get_constant (str, 63);
 688             str = input_line_pointer;
 689             op_mask |= (x & 7) | ((x & (3 << 3)) << 7) | ((x & (1 << 5)) << 8);
 690           }
 691       }
 692       break;
 693
 694     case 'h':
 695       str = parse_exp (str, &op_expr);
 696       fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, opcode->insn_size * 2,
 697                    &op_expr, false, BFD_RELOC_AVR_CALL);
 698       break;
 699
 700     case 'L':
 701       str = parse_exp (str, &op_expr);
 702       fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, opcode->insn_size * 2,
 703                    &op_expr, true, BFD_RELOC_AVR_13_PCREL);
 704       break;
 705
 706     case 'l':
 707       str = parse_exp (str, &op_expr);
 708       fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, opcode->insn_size * 2,
 709                    &op_expr, true, BFD_RELOC_AVR_7_PCREL);
 710       break;
 711
 712     case 'i':
 713       str = parse_exp (str, &op_expr);
 714       fix_new_exp (frag_now, where + 2, opcode->insn_size * 2,
 715                    &op_expr, false, BFD_RELOC_16);
 716       break;
 717
 718     case 'M':
 719       {
 720         bfd_reloc_code_real_type r_type;
 721
 722         input_line_pointer = str;
 723         r_type = avr_ldi_expression (&op_expr);
 724         str = input_line_pointer;
 725         fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 3,
 726                      &op_expr, false, r_type);
 727       }
 728       break;
 729
 730     case 'n':
 731       {
 732         unsigned int x;
 733
 734         x = ~avr_get_constant (str, 255);
 735         str = input_line_pointer;
 736         op_mask |= (x & 0xf) | ((x << 4) & 0xf00);
 737       }
 738       break;
 739
 740     case 'K':
 741       {
 742         unsigned int x;
 743
 744         x = avr_get_constant (str, 63);
 745         str = input_line_pointer;
 746         op_mask |= (x & 0xf) | ((x & 0x30) << 2);
 747       }
 748       break;
 749
 750     case 'S':
 751     case 's':
 752       {
 753         unsigned int x;
 754
 755         x = avr_get_constant (str, 7);
 756         str = input_line_pointer;
 757         if (*op == 'S')
 758           x <<= 4;
 759         op_mask |= x;
 760       }
 761       break;
 762
 763     case 'P':
 764       {
 765         unsigned int x;
 766
 767         x = avr_get_constant (str, 63);
 768         str = input_line_pointer;
 769         op_mask |= (x & 0xf) | ((x & 0x30) << 5);
 770       }
 771       break;
 772
 773     case 'p':
 774       {
 775         unsigned int x;
 776
 777         x = avr_get_constant (str, 31);
 778         str = input_line_pointer;
 779         op_mask |= x << 3;
 780       }
 781       break;
 782
 783     case '?':
 784       break;
 785
 786     default:
 787       as_bad (_("unknown constraint `%c'"), *op);
 788     }
 789
 790   *line = str;
 791   return op_mask;
 792 }
 793
 794 /* GAS will call this function for each section at the end of the assembly,
 795    to permit the CPU backend to adjust the alignment of a section.  */
 796
 797 valueT
 798 md_section_align (seg, addr)
 799      asection *seg;
 800      valueT addr;
 801 {
 802   int align = bfd_get_section_alignment (stdoutput, seg);
 803   return ((addr + (1 << align) - 1) & (-1 << align));
 804 }
 805
 806 /* If you define this macro, it should return the offset between the
 807    address of a PC relative fixup and the position from which the PC
 808    relative adjustment should be made.  On many processors, the base
 809    of a PC relative instruction is the next instruction, so this
 810    macro would return the length of an instruction.  */
 811
 812 long
 813 md_pcrel_from_section (fixp, sec)
 814      fixS *fixp;
 815      segT sec;
 816 {
 817   if (fixp->fx_addsy != (symbolS *) NULL
 818       && (!S_IS_DEFINED (fixp->fx_addsy)
 819           || (S_GET_SEGMENT (fixp->fx_addsy) != sec)))
 820     return 0;
 821
 822   return fixp->fx_frag->fr_address + fixp->fx_where;
 823 }
 824
 825 /* GAS will call this for each fixup.  It should store the correct
 826    value in the object file.  */
 827
 828 void
 829 md_apply_fix3 (fixP, valP, seg)
 830      fixS *fixP;
 831      valueT * valP;
 832      segT seg;
 833 {
 834   unsigned char *where;
 835   unsigned long insn;
 836   long value = *valP;
 837
 838   if (fixP->fx_addsy == (symbolS *) NULL)
 839     fixP->fx_done = 1;
 840
 841   /* We don't actually support subtracting a symbol.  */
 842   if (fixP->fx_subsy != (symbolS *) NULL)
 843     as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line, _("expression too complex"));
 844
 845   switch (fixP->fx_r_type)
 846     {
 847     default:
 848       fixP->fx_no_overflow = 1;
 849       break;
 850     case BFD_RELOC_AVR_7_PCREL:
 851     case BFD_RELOC_AVR_13_PCREL:
 852     case BFD_RELOC_32:
 853     case BFD_RELOC_16:
 854     case BFD_RELOC_AVR_CALL:
 855       break;
 856     }
 857
 858   if (fixP->fx_done)
 859     {
 860       /* Fetch the instruction, insert the fully resolved operand
 861          value, and stuff the instruction back again.  */
 862       where = fixP->fx_frag->fr_literal + fixP->fx_where;
 863       insn = bfd_getl16 (where);
 864
 865       switch (fixP->fx_r_type)
 866         {
 867         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_7_PCREL:
 868           if (value & 1)
 869             as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
 870                           _("odd address operand: %ld"), value);
 871
 872           /* Instruction addresses are always right-shifted by 1.  */
 873           value >>= 1;
 874           --value;                      /* Correct PC.  */
 875
 876           if (value < -64 || value > 63)
 877             as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
 878                           _("operand out of range: %ld"), value);
 879           value = (value << 3) & 0x3f8;
 880           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) (value | insn), where);
 881           break;
 882
 883         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_13_PCREL:
 884           if (value & 1)
 885             as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
 886                           _("odd address operand: %ld"), value);
 887
 888           /* Instruction addresses are always right-shifted by 1.  */
 889           value >>= 1;
 890           --value;                      /* Correct PC.  */
 891
 892           if (value < -2048 || value > 2047)
 893             {
 894               /* No wrap for devices with >8K of program memory.  */
 895               if ((avr_mcu->isa & AVR_ISA_MEGA) || avr_opt.no_wrap)
 896                 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
 897                               _("operand out of range: %ld"), value);
 898             }
 899
 900           value &= 0xfff;
 901           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) (value | insn), where);
 902           break;
 903
 904         case BFD_RELOC_32:
 905           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) value, where);
 906           break;
 907
 908         case BFD_RELOC_16:
 909           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) value, where);
 910           break;
 911
 912         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_16_PM:
 913           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) (value >> 1), where);
 914           break;
 915
 916         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI:
 917           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value), where);
 918           break;
 919
 920         case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI:
 921           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 16), where);
 922           break;
 923
 924         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI:
 925           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 8), where);
 926           break;
 927
 928         case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI:
 929           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 24), where);
 930           break;
 931
 932         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI:
 933           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 16), where);
 934           break;
 935
 936         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_NEG:
 937           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value), where);
 938           break;
 939
 940         case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_NEG:
 941           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 16), where);
 942           break;
 943
 944         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_NEG:
 945           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 8), where);
 946           break;
 947
 948         case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_NEG:
 949           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 24), where);
 950           break;
 951
 952         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_NEG:
 953           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 16), where);
 954           break;
 955
 956         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM:
 957           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 1), where);
 958           break;
 959
 960         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM:
 961           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 9), where);
 962           break;
 963
 964         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM:
 965           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 17), where);
 966           break;
 967
 968         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM_NEG:
 969           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 1), where);
 970           break;
 971
 972         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM_NEG:
 973           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 9), where);
 974           break;
 975
 976         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM_NEG:
 977           bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 17), where);
 978           break;
 979
 980         case BFD_RELOC_AVR_CALL:
 981           {
 982             unsigned long x;
 983
 984             x = bfd_getl16 (where);
 985             if (value & 1)
 986               as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
 987                             _("odd address operand: %ld"), value);
 988             value >>= 1;
 989             x |= ((value & 0x10000) | ((value << 3) & 0x1f00000)) >> 16;
 990             bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) x, where);
 991             bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) (value & 0xffff), where + 2);
 992           }
 993           break;
 994
 995         default:
 996           as_fatal (_("line %d: unknown relocation type: 0x%x"),
 997                     fixP->fx_line, fixP->fx_r_type);
 998           break;
 999         }
1000     }
1001   else
1002     {
1003       switch (fixP->fx_r_type)
1004         {
1005         case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_NEG:
1006         case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI:
1007         case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_NEG:
1008         case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI:
1009           as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
1010                         _("only constant expression allowed"));
1011           fixP->fx_done = 1;
1012           break;
1013         default:
1014           break;
1015         }
1016     }
1017 }
1018
1019 /* A `BFD_ASSEMBLER' GAS will call this to generate a reloc.  GAS
1020    will pass the resulting reloc to `bfd_install_relocation'.  This
1021    currently works poorly, as `bfd_install_relocation' often does the
1022    wrong thing, and instances of `tc_gen_reloc' have been written to
1023    work around the problems, which in turns makes it difficult to fix
1024    `bfd_install_relocation'.  */
1025
1026 /* If while processing a fixup, a reloc really needs to be created
1027    then it is done here.  */
1028
1029 arelent *
1030 tc_gen_reloc (seg, fixp)
1031      asection *seg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
1032      fixS *fixp;
1033 {
1034   arelent *reloc;
1035
1036   reloc = (arelent *) xmalloc (sizeof (arelent));
1037
1038   reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = (asymbol **) xmalloc (sizeof (asymbol *));
1039   *reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = symbol_get_bfdsym (fixp->fx_addsy);
1040
1041   reloc->address = fixp->fx_frag->fr_address + fixp->fx_where;
1042   reloc->howto = bfd_reloc_type_lookup (stdoutput, fixp->fx_r_type);
1043   if (reloc->howto == (reloc_howto_type *) NULL)
1044     {
1045       as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
1046                     _("reloc %d not supported by object file format"),
1047                     (int) fixp->fx_r_type);
1048       return NULL;
1049     }
1050
1051   if (fixp->fx_r_type == BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_INHERIT
1052       || fixp->fx_r_type == BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_ENTRY)
1053     reloc->address = fixp->fx_offset;
1054
1055   reloc->addend = fixp->fx_offset;
1056
1057   return reloc;
1058 }
1059
1060 void
1061 md_assemble (str)
1062      char *str;
1063 {
1064   struct avr_opcodes_s *opcode;
1065   char op[11];
1066
1067   str = skip_space (extract_word (str, op, sizeof (op)));
1068
1069   if (!op[0])
1070     as_bad (_("can't find opcode "));
1071
1072   opcode = (struct avr_opcodes_s *) hash_find (avr_hash, op);
1073
1074   if (opcode == NULL)
1075     {
1076       as_bad (_("unknown opcode `%s'"), op);
1077       return;
1078     }
1079
1080   /* Special case for opcodes with optional operands (lpm, elpm) -
1081      version with operands exists in avr_opcodes[] in the next entry.  */
1082
1083   if (*str && *opcode->constraints == '?')
1084     ++opcode;
1085
1086   if (!avr_opt.all_opcodes && (opcode->isa & avr_mcu->isa) != opcode->isa)
1087     as_bad (_("illegal opcode %s for mcu %s"), opcode->name, avr_mcu->name);
1088
1089   /* We used to set input_line_pointer to the result of get_operands,
1090      but that is wrong.  Our caller assumes we don't change it.  */
1091   {
1092     char *t = input_line_pointer;
1093     avr_operands (opcode, &str);
1094     if (*skip_space (str))
1095       as_bad (_("garbage at end of line"));
1096     input_line_pointer = t;
1097   }
1098 }
1099
1100 /* Parse ordinary expression.  */
1101
1102 static char *
1103 parse_exp (s, op)
1104      char *s;
1105      expressionS *op;
1106 {
1107   input_line_pointer = s;
1108   expression (op);
1109   if (op->X_op == O_absent)
1110     as_bad (_("missing operand"));
1111   return input_line_pointer;
1112 }
1113
1114 /* Parse special expressions (needed for LDI command):
1115    xx8 (address)
1116    xx8 (-address)
1117    pm_xx8 (address)
1118    pm_xx8 (-address)
1119    where xx is: hh, hi, lo.  */
1120
1121 static bfd_reloc_code_real_type
1122 avr_ldi_expression (exp)
1123      expressionS *exp;
1124 {
1125   char *str = input_line_pointer;
1126   char *tmp;
1127   char op[8];
1128   int mod;
1129   tmp = str;
1130
1131   str = extract_word (str, op, sizeof (op));
1132
1133   if (op[0])
1134     {
1135       mod = (int) hash_find (avr_mod_hash, op);
1136
1137       if (mod)
1138         {
1139           int closes = 0;
1140
1141           mod -= 10;
1142           str = skip_space (str);
1143
1144           if (*str == '(')
1145             {
1146               int neg_p = 0;
1147
1148               ++str;
1149
1150               if (strncmp ("pm(", str, 3) == 0
1151                   || strncmp ("-(pm(", str, 5) == 0)
1152                 {
1153                   if (HAVE_PM_P (mod))
1154                     {
1155                       ++mod;
1156                       ++closes;
1157                     }
1158                   else
1159                     as_bad (_("illegal expression"));
1160
1161                   if (*str == '-')
1162                     {
1163                       neg_p = 1;
1164                       ++closes;
1165                       str += 5;
1166                     }
1167                   else
1168                     str += 3;
1169                 }
1170
1171               if (*str == '-' && *(str + 1) == '(')
1172                 {
1173                   neg_p ^= 1;
1174                   ++closes;
1175                   str += 2;
1176                 }
1177
1178               input_line_pointer = str;
1179               expression (exp);
1180
1181               do
1182                 {
1183                   if (*input_line_pointer != ')')
1184                     {
1185                       as_bad (_("`)' required"));
1186                       break;
1187                     }
1188                   input_line_pointer++;
1189                 }
1190               while (closes--);
1191
1192               return neg_p ? EXP_MOD_NEG_RELOC (mod) : EXP_MOD_RELOC (mod);
1193             }
1194         }
1195     }
1196
1197   input_line_pointer = tmp;
1198   expression (exp);
1199
1200   /* Warn about expressions that fail to use lo8 ().  */
1201   if (exp->X_op == O_constant)
1202     {
1203       int x = exp->X_add_number;
1204       if (x < -255 || x > 255)
1205         as_warn (_("constant out of 8-bit range: %d"), x);
1206     }
1207   else
1208     as_warn (_("expression possibly out of 8-bit range"));
1209
1210   return BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI;
1211 }
1212
1213 /* Flag to pass `pm' mode between `avr_parse_cons_expression' and
1214    `avr_cons_fix_new'.  */
1215 static int exp_mod_pm = 0;
1216
1217 /* Parse special CONS expression: pm (expression)
1218    which is used for addressing to a program memory.
1219    Relocation: BFD_RELOC_AVR_16_PM.  */
1220
1221 void
1222 avr_parse_cons_expression (exp, nbytes)
1223      expressionS *exp;
1224      int nbytes;
1225 {
1226   char *tmp;
1227
1228   exp_mod_pm = 0;
1229
1230   tmp = input_line_pointer = skip_space (input_line_pointer);
1231
1232   if (nbytes == 2)
1233     {
1234       char *pm_name = "pm";
1235       int len = strlen (pm_name);
1236
1237       if (strncasecmp (input_line_pointer, pm_name, len) == 0)
1238         {
1239           input_line_pointer = skip_space (input_line_pointer + len);
1240
1241           if (*input_line_pointer == '(')
1242             {
1243               input_line_pointer = skip_space (input_line_pointer + 1);
1244               exp_mod_pm = 1;
1245               expression (exp);
1246
1247               if (*input_line_pointer == ')')
1248                 ++input_line_pointer;
1249               else
1250                 {
1251                   as_bad (_("`)' required"));
1252                   exp_mod_pm = 0;
1253                 }
1254
1255               return;
1256             }
1257
1258           input_line_pointer = tmp;
1259         }
1260     }
1261
1262   expression (exp);
1263 }
1264
1265 void
1266 avr_cons_fix_new (frag, where, nbytes, exp)
1267      fragS *frag;
1268      int where;
1269      int nbytes;
1270      expressionS *exp;
1271 {
1272   if (exp_mod_pm == 0)
1273     {
1274       if (nbytes == 2)
1275         fix_new_exp (frag, where, nbytes, exp, false, BFD_RELOC_16);
1276       else if (nbytes == 4)
1277         fix_new_exp (frag, where, nbytes, exp, false, BFD_RELOC_32);
1278       else
1279         as_bad (_("illegal %srelocation size: %d"), "", nbytes);
1280     }
1281   else
1282     {
1283       if (nbytes == 2)
1284         fix_new_exp (frag, where, nbytes, exp, false, BFD_RELOC_AVR_16_PM);
1285       else
1286         as_bad (_("illegal %srelocation size: %d"), "`pm' ", nbytes);
1287       exp_mod_pm = 0;
1288     }
1289 }