[deliverable/binutils-gdb.git] / gas / config / tc-msp430.c

/* tc-msp430.c -- Assembler code for the Texas Instruments MSP430

  Copyright (C) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  Contributed by Dmitry Diky <diwil@mail.ru>

  This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.

  GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  any later version.

  GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with GAS; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
  the Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor,
  Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>

#define PUSH_1X_WORKAROUND
#include "as.h"
#include "subsegs.h"
#include "opcode/msp430.h"
#include "safe-ctype.h"

/* GCC uses the some condition codes which we'll
   implement as new polymorph instructions.
  
   COND EXPL       SHORT JUMP   LONG JUMP
   ===============================================
   eq   ==         jeq          jne +4; br lab
   ne   !=         jne          jeq +4; br lab

   ltn honours no-overflow flag
   ltn  <          jn           jn +2;  jmp +4; br lab

   lt   <          jl           jge +4; br lab 
   ltu  <          jlo          lhs +4; br lab
   le   <= see below
   leu  <= see below

   gt   >  see below
   gtu  >  see below
   ge   >=         jge          jl +4; br lab
   geu  >=         jhs          jlo +4; br lab
   ===============================================

   Therefore, new opcodes are (BranchEQ -> beq; and so on...)
   beq,bne,blt,bltn,bltu,bge,bgeu
   'u' means unsigned compares 
  
   Also, we add 'jump' instruction:
   jump UNCOND  -> jmp          br lab

   They will have fmt == 4, and insn_opnumb == number of instruction.  */

struct rcodes_s 
{
  char * name;
  int    index; /* Corresponding insn_opnumb.  */
  int    sop;   /* Opcode if jump length is short.  */
  long   lpos;  /* Label position.  */
  long   lop0;  /* Opcode 1 _word_ (16 bits).  */
  long   lop1;  /* Opcode second word.  */
  long   lop2;  /* Opcode third word.  */
};

#define MSP430_RLC(n,i,sop,o1) \
  {#n, i, sop, 2, (o1 + 2), 0x4010, 0}

static struct rcodes_s msp430_rcodes[] = 
{
  MSP430_RLC (beq,  0, 0x2400, 0x2000),
  MSP430_RLC (bne,  1, 0x2000, 0x2400),
  MSP430_RLC (blt,  2, 0x3800, 0x3400),
  MSP430_RLC (bltu, 3, 0x2800, 0x2c00),
  MSP430_RLC (bge,  4, 0x3400, 0x3800),
  MSP430_RLC (bgeu, 5, 0x2c00, 0x2800),
  {"bltn",          6, 0x3000, 3, 0x3000 + 1, 0x3c00 + 2,0x4010},
  {"jump",          7, 0x3c00, 1, 0x4010, 0, 0},
  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
};
#undef MSP430_RLC


/* More difficult than above and they have format 5.
   
   COND EXPL    SHORT                   LONG
   =================================================================
   gt   >       jeq +2; jge label       jeq +6; jl  +4; br label
   gtu  >       jeq +2; jhs label       jeq +6; jlo +4; br label
   leu  <=      jeq label; jlo label    jeq +2; jhs +4; br label
   le   <=      jeq label; jl  label    jeq +2; jge +4; br label
   =================================================================  */

struct hcodes_s 
{
  char * name;  
  int    index;         /* Corresponding insn_opnumb.  */
  int    tlab;          /* Number of labels in short mode.  */
  int    op0;           /* Opcode for first word of short jump.  */
  int    op1;           /* Opcode for second word of short jump.  */
  int    lop0;          /* Opcodes for long jump mode.  */
  int    lop1;
  int    lop2;
};

static struct hcodes_s msp430_hcodes[] = 
{
  {"bgt",  0, 1, 0x2401, 0x3400, 0x2403, 0x3802, 0x4010 },
  {"bgtu", 1, 1, 0x2401, 0x2c00, 0x2403, 0x2802, 0x4010 },
  {"bleu", 2, 2, 0x2400, 0x2800, 0x2401, 0x2c02, 0x4010 },
  {"ble",  3, 2, 0x2400, 0x3800, 0x2401, 0x3402, 0x4010 },
  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
};

const char comment_chars[] = ";";
const char line_comment_chars[] = "#";
const char line_separator_chars[] = "";
const char EXP_CHARS[] = "eE";
const char FLT_CHARS[] = "dD";

/* Handle  long expressions.  */
extern LITTLENUM_TYPE generic_bignum[];

static struct hash_control *msp430_hash;

/* Relaxations.  */
#define STATE_UNCOND_BRANCH     1       /* jump */
#define STATE_NOOV_BRANCH       3       /* bltn */
#define STATE_SIMPLE_BRANCH     2       /* bne, beq, etc... */
#define STATE_EMUL_BRANCH       4

#define CNRL    2
#define CUBL    4
#define CNOL    8
#define CSBL    6
#define CEBL    4

/* Length.  */
#define STATE_BITS10    1       /* wild guess. short jump */
#define STATE_WORD      2       /* 2 bytes pc rel. addr. more */
#define STATE_UNDEF     3       /* cannot handle this yet. convert to word mode */

#define ENCODE_RELAX(what,length) (((what) << 2) + (length))
#define RELAX_STATE(s)            ((s) & 3)
#define RELAX_LEN(s)              ((s) >> 2)
#define RELAX_NEXT(a,b)           ENCODE_RELAX (a, b + 1)

relax_typeS md_relax_table[] =
{
  /* Unused.  */
  {1, 1, 0, 0},
  {1, 1, 0, 0},
  {1, 1, 0, 0},
  {1, 1, 0, 0},

  /* Unconditional jump.  */
  {1, 1, 8, 5},
  {1024, -1024, CNRL, RELAX_NEXT (STATE_UNCOND_BRANCH, STATE_BITS10)},  /* state 10 bits displ */
  {0, 0, CUBL, RELAX_NEXT (STATE_UNCOND_BRANCH, STATE_WORD)},           /* state word */
  {1, 1, CUBL, 0},                                                      /* state undef */

  /* Simple branches.  */
  {0, 0, 8, 9},
  {1024, -1024, CNRL, RELAX_NEXT (STATE_SIMPLE_BRANCH, STATE_BITS10)},  /* state 10 bits displ */
  {0, 0, CSBL, RELAX_NEXT (STATE_SIMPLE_BRANCH, STATE_WORD)},           /* state word */
  {1, 1, CSBL, 0},

  /* blt no overflow branch.  */
  {1, 1, 8, 13},
  {1024, -1024, CNRL, RELAX_NEXT (STATE_NOOV_BRANCH, STATE_BITS10)},    /* state 10 bits displ */
  {0, 0, CNOL, RELAX_NEXT (STATE_NOOV_BRANCH, STATE_WORD)},             /* state word */
  {1, 1, CNOL, 0},

  /* Emulated branches.  */
  {1, 1, 8, 17},
  {1020, -1020, CEBL, RELAX_NEXT (STATE_EMUL_BRANCH, STATE_BITS10)},    /* state 10 bits displ */
  {0, 0, CNOL, RELAX_NEXT (STATE_EMUL_BRANCH, STATE_WORD)},             /* state word */
  {1, 1, CNOL, 0}
};


#define MAX_OP_LEN      256

struct mcu_type_s
{
  char * name;
  int isa;
  int mach;
};

#define MSP430_ISA_11   11
#define MSP430_ISA_110  110
#define MSP430_ISA_12   12
#define MSP430_ISA_13   13
#define MSP430_ISA_14   14
#define MSP430_ISA_15   15
#define MSP430_ISA_16   16
#define MSP430_ISA_21   21
#define MSP430_ISA_31   31
#define MSP430_ISA_32   32
#define MSP430_ISA_33   33
#define MSP430_ISA_41   41
#define MSP430_ISA_42   42
#define MSP430_ISA_43   43
#define MSP430_ISA_44   44

#define CHECK_RELOC_MSP430              ((imm_op || byte_op)?BFD_RELOC_MSP430_16_BYTE:BFD_RELOC_MSP430_16)
#define CHECK_RELOC_MSP430_PCREL        ((imm_op || byte_op)?BFD_RELOC_MSP430_16_PCREL_BYTE:BFD_RELOC_MSP430_16_PCREL)

static struct mcu_type_s mcu_types[] =
{
  {"msp1",        MSP430_ISA_11, bfd_mach_msp11},
  {"msp2",        MSP430_ISA_14, bfd_mach_msp14},
  {"msp430x110",  MSP430_ISA_11, bfd_mach_msp11},
  {"msp430x112",  MSP430_ISA_11, bfd_mach_msp11},
  {"msp430x1101", MSP430_ISA_110, bfd_mach_msp110},
  {"msp430x1111", MSP430_ISA_110, bfd_mach_msp110},
  {"msp430x1121", MSP430_ISA_110, bfd_mach_msp110},
  {"msp430x1122", MSP430_ISA_11, bfd_mach_msp110},
  {"msp430x1132", MSP430_ISA_11, bfd_mach_msp110},

  {"msp430x122",  MSP430_ISA_12, bfd_mach_msp12},
  {"msp430x123",  MSP430_ISA_12, bfd_mach_msp12},
  {"msp430x1222", MSP430_ISA_12, bfd_mach_msp12},
  {"msp430x1232", MSP430_ISA_12, bfd_mach_msp12},

  {"msp430x133",  MSP430_ISA_13, bfd_mach_msp13},
  {"msp430x135",  MSP430_ISA_13, bfd_mach_msp13},
  {"msp430x1331", MSP430_ISA_13, bfd_mach_msp13},
  {"msp430x1351", MSP430_ISA_13, bfd_mach_msp13},
  {"msp430x147",  MSP430_ISA_14, bfd_mach_msp14},
  {"msp430x148",  MSP430_ISA_14, bfd_mach_msp14},
  {"msp430x149",  MSP430_ISA_14, bfd_mach_msp14},

  {"msp430x155",  MSP430_ISA_15, bfd_mach_msp15},
  {"msp430x156",  MSP430_ISA_15, bfd_mach_msp15},
  {"msp430x157",  MSP430_ISA_15, bfd_mach_msp15},
  {"msp430x167",  MSP430_ISA_16, bfd_mach_msp16},
  {"msp430x168",  MSP430_ISA_16, bfd_mach_msp16},
  {"msp430x169",  MSP430_ISA_16, bfd_mach_msp16},
  {"msp430x1610", MSP430_ISA_16, bfd_mach_msp16},
  {"msp430x1611", MSP430_ISA_16, bfd_mach_msp16},
  {"msp430x1612", MSP430_ISA_16, bfd_mach_msp16},

  {"msp430x2101", MSP430_ISA_21, bfd_mach_msp21},
  {"msp430x2111", MSP430_ISA_21, bfd_mach_msp21},
  {"msp430x2121", MSP430_ISA_21, bfd_mach_msp21},
  {"msp430x2131", MSP430_ISA_21, bfd_mach_msp21},
  
  {"msp430x311",  MSP430_ISA_31, bfd_mach_msp31},
  {"msp430x312",  MSP430_ISA_31, bfd_mach_msp31},
  {"msp430x313",  MSP430_ISA_31, bfd_mach_msp31},
  {"msp430x314",  MSP430_ISA_31, bfd_mach_msp31},
  {"msp430x315",  MSP430_ISA_31, bfd_mach_msp31},
  {"msp430x323",  MSP430_ISA_32, bfd_mach_msp32},
  {"msp430x325",  MSP430_ISA_32, bfd_mach_msp32},
  {"msp430x336",  MSP430_ISA_33, bfd_mach_msp33},
  {"msp430x337",  MSP430_ISA_33, bfd_mach_msp33},

  {"msp430x412",  MSP430_ISA_41, bfd_mach_msp41},
  {"msp430x413",  MSP430_ISA_41, bfd_mach_msp41},
  {"msp430x415",  MSP430_ISA_41, bfd_mach_msp41},
  {"msp430x417",  MSP430_ISA_41, bfd_mach_msp41},

  {"msp430xE423", MSP430_ISA_42, bfd_mach_msp42},
  {"msp430xE425", MSP430_ISA_42, bfd_mach_msp42},
  {"msp430xE427", MSP430_ISA_42, bfd_mach_msp42},

  {"msp430xW423", MSP430_ISA_42, bfd_mach_msp42},
  {"msp430xW425", MSP430_ISA_42, bfd_mach_msp42},
  {"msp430xW427", MSP430_ISA_42, bfd_mach_msp42},

  {"msp430xG437", MSP430_ISA_43, bfd_mach_msp43},
  {"msp430xG438", MSP430_ISA_43, bfd_mach_msp43},
  {"msp430xG439", MSP430_ISA_43, bfd_mach_msp43},

  {"msp430x435",  MSP430_ISA_43, bfd_mach_msp43},
  {"msp430x436",  MSP430_ISA_43, bfd_mach_msp43},
  {"msp430x437",  MSP430_ISA_43, bfd_mach_msp43},
  {"msp430x447",  MSP430_ISA_44, bfd_mach_msp44},
  {"msp430x448",  MSP430_ISA_44, bfd_mach_msp44},
  {"msp430x449",  MSP430_ISA_44, bfd_mach_msp44},

  {NULL, 0, 0}
};


static struct mcu_type_s default_mcu =
    { "msp430x11", MSP430_ISA_11, bfd_mach_msp11 };

static struct mcu_type_s * msp430_mcu = & default_mcu;

/* Profiling capability:
   It is a performance hit to use gcc's profiling approach for this tiny target.
   Even more -- jtag hardware facility does not perform any profiling functions.
   However we've got gdb's built-in simulator where we can do anything.
   Therefore my suggestion is:

   We define new section ".profiler" which holds all profiling information.
   We define new pseudo operation .profiler which will instruct assembler to
   add new profile entry to the object file. Profile should take place at the
   present address.

   Pseudo-op format:

      .profiler flags,function_to_profile [, cycle_corrector, extra]

   where 'flags' is a combination of the following chars:
            s - function Start
            x - function eXit
            i - function is in Init section
            f - function is in Fini section
            l - Library call
            c - libC standard call
            d - stack value Demand (saved at run-time in simulator)
            I - Interrupt service routine
            P - Prologue start
            p - Prologue end
            E - Epilogue start
            e - Epilogue end
            j - long Jump/ sjlj unwind
            a - an Arbitrary code fragment
            t - exTra parameter saved (constant value like frame size)
          '""' optional: "sil" == sil

      function_to_profile - function's address
      cycle_corrector     - a value which should be added to the cycle
                              counter, zero if omitted
      extra - some extra parameter, zero if omitted.

      For example:
      ------------------------------
        .global fxx
        .type fxx,@function
      fxx:
      .LFrameOffset_fxx=0x08
      .profiler "scdP", fxx     ; function entry.
                                ; we also demand stack value to be displayed
        push r11
        push r10
        push r9
        push r8
      .profiler "cdp",fxx,0, .LFrameOffset_fxx  ; check stack value at this point
                                                ; (this is a prologue end)
                                                ; note, that spare var filled with the farme size
        mov r15,r8
        ....
      .profiler cdE,fxx         ; check stack
        pop r8
        pop r9
        pop r10
        pop r11
      .profiler xcde,fxx,3      ; exit adds 3 to the cycle counter
      ret                       ; cause 'ret' insn takes 3 cycles
      -------------------------------

      This profiling approach does not produce any overhead and
      absolutely harmless.
      So, even profiled code can be uploaded to the MCU.  */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_ENTRY      1       /* s */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_EXIT       2       /* x */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_INITSECT   4       /* i */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_FINISECT   8       /* f */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_LIBCALL    0x10    /* l */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_STDCALL    0x20    /* c */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_STACKDMD   0x40    /* d */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_ISR        0x80    /* I */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_PROLSTART  0x100   /* P */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_PROLEND    0x200   /* p */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_EPISTART   0x400   /* E */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_EPIEND     0x800   /* e */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_JUMP       0x1000  /* j */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_FRAGMENT   0x2000  /* a */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_EXTRA      0x4000  /* t */
#define MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_notyet     0x8000  /* ? */

static int
pow2value (int y)
{
  int n = 0;
  unsigned int x;

  x = y;

  if (!x)
    return 1;

  for (; x; x = x >> 1)
    if (x & 1)
      n++;

  return n == 1;
}

/* Parse ordinary expression.  */

static char *
parse_exp (char * s, expressionS * op)
{
  input_line_pointer = s;
  expression (op);
  if (op->X_op == O_absent)
    as_bad (_("missing operand"));
  return input_line_pointer;
}


/* Delete spaces from s: X ( r 1  2)  => X(r12).  */

static void
del_spaces (char * s)
{
  while (*s)
    {
      if (ISSPACE (*s))
        {
          char *m = s + 1;

          while (ISSPACE (*m) && *m)
            m++;
          memmove (s, m, strlen (m) + 1);
        }
      else
        s++;
    }
}

static inline char *
skip_space (char * s)
{
  while (ISSPACE (*s))
    ++s;
  return s;
}

/* Extract one word from FROM and copy it to TO. Delimeters are ",;\n"  */

static char *
extract_operand (char * from, char * to, int limit)
{
  int size = 0;

  /* Drop leading whitespace.  */
  from = skip_space (from);

  while (size < limit && *from)
    {
      *(to + size) = *from;
      if (*from == ',' || *from == ';' || *from == '\n')
        break;
      from++;
      size++;
    }

  *(to + size) = 0;
  del_spaces (to);

  from++;

  return from;
}

static void
msp430_profiler (int dummy ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  char   buffer[1024];
  char   f[32];
  char * str = buffer;
  char * flags = f;
  int    p_flags = 0;
  char * halt;
  int    ops = 0;
  int    left;
  char * s;
  segT   seg;
  int    subseg;
  char * end = 0;
  expressionS exp;
  expressionS exp1;

  s = input_line_pointer;
  end = input_line_pointer;

  while (*end && *end != '\n')
    end++;

  while (*s && *s != '\n')
    {
      if (*s == ',')
        ops++;
      s++;
    }

  left = 3 - ops;

  if (ops < 1)
    {
      as_bad (_(".profiler pseudo requires at least two operands."));
      input_line_pointer = end;
      return;
    }

  input_line_pointer = extract_operand (input_line_pointer, flags, 32);

  while (*flags)
    {
      switch (*flags)
        {
        case '"':
          break;
        case 'a':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_FRAGMENT;
          break;
        case 'j':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_JUMP;
          break;
        case 'P':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_PROLSTART;
          break;
        case 'p':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_PROLEND;
          break;
        case 'E':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_EPISTART;
          break;
        case 'e':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_EPIEND;
          break;
        case 's':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_ENTRY;
          break;
        case 'x':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_EXIT;
          break;
        case 'i':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_INITSECT;
          break;
        case 'f':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_FINISECT;
          break;
        case 'l':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_LIBCALL;
          break;
        case 'c':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_STDCALL;
          break;
        case 'd':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_STACKDMD;
          break;
        case 'I':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_ISR;
          break;
        case 't':
          p_flags |= MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_EXTRA;
          break;
        default:
          as_warn (_("unknown profiling flag - ignored."));
          break;
        }
      flags++;
    }

  if (p_flags
      && (   ! pow2value (p_flags & (  MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_ENTRY
                                     | MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_EXIT))
          || ! pow2value (p_flags & (  MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_PROLSTART
                                     | MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_PROLEND
                                     | MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_EPISTART
                                     | MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_EPIEND))
          || ! pow2value (p_flags & (  MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_INITSECT
                                     | MSP430_PROFILER_FLAG_FINISECT))))
    {
      as_bad (_("ambigious flags combination - '.profiler' directive ignored."));
      input_line_pointer = end;
      return;
    }

  /* Generate temp symbol which denotes current location.  */
  if (now_seg == absolute_section)      /* Paranoja ?  */
    {
      exp1.X_op = O_constant;
      exp1.X_add_number = abs_section_offset;
      as_warn (_("profiling in absolute section? Hm..."));
    }
  else
    {
      exp1.X_op = O_symbol;
      exp1.X_add_symbol = symbol_temp_new_now ();
      exp1.X_add_number = 0;
    }

  /* Generate a symbol which holds flags value.  */
  exp.X_op = O_constant;
  exp.X_add_number = p_flags;

  /* Save current section.  */
  seg = now_seg;
  subseg = now_subseg;

  /* Now go to .profiler section.  */
  obj_elf_change_section (".profiler", SHT_PROGBITS, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);

  /* Save flags.  */
  emit_expr (& exp, 2);

  /* Save label value.  */
  emit_expr (& exp1, 2);

  while (ops--)
    {
      /* Now get profiling info.  */
      halt = extract_operand (input_line_pointer, str, 1024);
      /* Process like ".word xxx" directive.  */
      parse_exp (str, & exp);
      emit_expr (& exp, 2);
      input_line_pointer = halt;
    }

  /* Fill the rest with zeros.  */
  exp.X_op = O_constant;
  exp.X_add_number = 0;
  while (left--)
    emit_expr (& exp, 2);

  /* Return to current section.  */
  subseg_set (seg, subseg);
}

static char *
extract_word (char * from, char * to, int limit)
{
  char *op_start;
  char *op_end;
  int size = 0;

  /* Drop leading whitespace.  */
  from = skip_space (from);
  *to = 0;

  /* Find the op code end.  */
  for (op_start = op_end = from; *op_end != 0 && is_part_of_name (*op_end);)
    {
      to[size++] = *op_end++;
      if (size + 1 >= limit)
        break;
    }

  to[size] = 0;
  return op_end;
}

#define OPTION_MMCU 'm'

static void
msp430_set_arch (int dummy ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  char *str = (char *) alloca (32);     /* 32 for good measure.  */

  input_line_pointer = extract_word (input_line_pointer, str, 32);

  md_parse_option (OPTION_MMCU, str);
  bfd_set_arch_mach (stdoutput, TARGET_ARCH, msp430_mcu->mach);
}

static void
show_mcu_list (FILE * stream)
{
  int i;

  fprintf (stream, _("Known MCU names:\n"));

  for (i = 0; mcu_types[i].name; i++)
    fprintf (stream, _("\t %s\n"), mcu_types[i].name);

  fprintf (stream, "\n");
}

int
md_parse_option (int c, char * arg)
{
  int i;

  switch (c)
    {
    case OPTION_MMCU:
      for (i = 0; mcu_types[i].name; ++i)
        if (strcmp (mcu_types[i].name, arg) == 0)
          break;

      if (!mcu_types[i].name)
        {
          show_mcu_list (stderr);
          as_fatal (_("unknown MCU: %s\n"), arg);
        }

      if (msp430_mcu == &default_mcu || msp430_mcu->mach == mcu_types[i].mach)
        msp430_mcu = &mcu_types[i];
      else
        as_fatal (_("redefinition of mcu type %s' to %s'"),
                  msp430_mcu->name, mcu_types[i].name);
      return 1;
    }

  return 0;
}


const pseudo_typeS md_pseudo_table[] =
{
  {"arch", msp430_set_arch, 0},
  {"profiler", msp430_profiler, 0},
  {NULL, NULL, 0}
};

const char *md_shortopts = "m:";

struct option md_longopts[] =
{
  {"mmcu", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_MMCU},
  {NULL, no_argument, NULL, 0}
};

size_t md_longopts_size = sizeof (md_longopts);

void
md_show_usage (FILE * stream)
{
  fprintf (stream,
           _("MSP430 options:\n"
             "  -mmcu=[msp430-name] select microcontroller type\n"
             "                  msp430x110  msp430x112\n"
             "                  msp430x1101 msp430x1111\n"
             "                  msp430x1121 msp430x1122 msp430x1132\n"
             "                  msp430x122  msp430x123\n"
             "                  msp430x1222 msp430x1232\n"
             "                  msp430x133  msp430x135\n"
             "                  msp430x1331 msp430x1351\n"
             "                  msp430x147  msp430x148  msp430x149\n"
             "                  msp430x155  msp430x156  msp430x157\n"
             "                  msp430x167  msp430x168  msp430x169\n"
             "                  msp430x1610 msp430x1611 msp430x1612\n"
             "                  msp430x311  msp430x312  msp430x313  msp430x314  msp430x315\n"
             "                  msp430x323  msp430x325\n"
             "                  msp430x336  msp430x337\n"
             "                  msp430x412  msp430x413  msp430x415  msp430x417\n"
             "                  msp430xE423 msp430xE425 msp430E427\n"
             "                  msp430xW423 msp430xW425 msp430W427\n"
             "                  msp430xG437 msp430xG438 msp430G439\n"
             "                  msp430x435  msp430x436  msp430x437\n"
             "                  msp430x447  msp430x448  msp430x449\n"));

  show_mcu_list (stream);
}

symbolS *
md_undefined_symbol (char * name ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  return 0;
}

static char *
extract_cmd (char * from, char * to, int limit)
{
  int size = 0;

  while (*from && ! ISSPACE (*from) && *from != '.' && limit > size)
    {
      *(to + size) = *from;
      from++;
      size++;
    }

  *(to + size) = 0;

  return from;
}

/* Turn a string in input_line_pointer into a floating point constant
   of type TYPE, and store the appropriate bytes in *LITP.  The number
   of LITTLENUMS emitted is stored in *SIZEP.  An error message is
   returned, or NULL on OK.  */

char *
md_atof (int type, char * litP, int * sizeP)
{
  int prec;
  LITTLENUM_TYPE words[4];
  LITTLENUM_TYPE *wordP;
  char *t;

  switch (type)
    {
    case 'f':
      prec = 2;
      break;
    case 'd':
      prec = 4;
      break;
    default:
      *sizeP = 0;
      return _("bad call to md_atof");
    }

  t = atof_ieee (input_line_pointer, type, words);
  if (t)
    input_line_pointer = t;

  *sizeP = prec * sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE);

  /* This loop outputs the LITTLENUMs in REVERSE order.  */
  for (wordP = words + prec - 1; prec--;)
    {
      md_number_to_chars (litP, (valueT) (*wordP--), sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE));
      litP += sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE);
    }

  return NULL;
}

void
md_begin (void)
{
  struct msp430_opcode_s * opcode;
  msp430_hash = hash_new ();

  for (opcode = msp430_opcodes; opcode->name; opcode++)
    hash_insert (msp430_hash, opcode->name, (char *) opcode);

  bfd_set_arch_mach (stdoutput, TARGET_ARCH, msp430_mcu->mach);
}

static int
check_reg (char * t)
{
  /* If this is a reg numb, str 't' must be a number from 0 - 15.  */

  if (strlen (t) > 2 && *(t + 2) != '+')
    return 1;

  while (*t)
    {
      if ((*t < '0' || *t > '9') && *t != '+')
        break;
      t++;
    }

  if (*t)
    return 1;

  return 0;
}


static int
msp430_srcoperand (struct msp430_operand_s * op,
                   char * l, int bin, int * imm_op)
{
  char *__tl = l;

  /* Check if an immediate #VALUE.  The hash sign should be only at the beginning!  */
  if (*l == '#')
    {
      char *h = l;
      int vshift = -1;
      int rval = 0;

      /* Check if there is:
         llo(x) - least significant 16 bits, x &= 0xffff
         lhi(x) - x = (x >> 16) & 0xffff,
         hlo(x) - x = (x >> 32) & 0xffff,
         hhi(x) - x = (x >> 48) & 0xffff
         The value _MUST_ be constant expression: #hlo(1231231231).  */

      *imm_op = 1;

      if (strncasecmp (h, "#llo(", 5) == 0)
        {
          vshift = 0;
          rval = 3;
        }
      else if (strncasecmp (h, "#lhi(", 5) == 0)
        {
          vshift = 1;
          rval = 3;
        }
      else if (strncasecmp (h, "#hlo(", 5) == 0)
        {
          vshift = 2;
          rval = 3;
        }
      else if (strncasecmp (h, "#hhi(", 5) == 0)
        {
          vshift = 3;
          rval = 3;
        }
      else if (strncasecmp (h, "#lo(", 4) == 0)
        {
          vshift = 0;
          rval = 2;
        }
      else if (strncasecmp (h, "#hi(", 4) == 0)
        {
          vshift = 1;
          rval = 2;
        }

      op->reg = 0;              /* Reg PC.  */
      op->am = 3;
      op->ol = 1;               /* Immediate  will follow an instruction.  */
      __tl = h + 1 + rval;
      op->mode = OP_EXP;

      parse_exp (__tl, &(op->exp));
      if (op->exp.X_op == O_constant)
        {
          int x = op->exp.X_add_number;

          if (vshift == 0)
            {
              x = x & 0xffff;
              op->exp.X_add_number = x;
            }
          else if (vshift == 1)
            {
              x = (x >> 16) & 0xffff;
              op->exp.X_add_number = x;
            }
          else if (vshift > 1)
            {
              if (x < 0)
                op->exp.X_add_number = -1;
              else
                op->exp.X_add_number = 0;       /* Nothing left.  */
              x = op->exp.X_add_number;
            }

          if (op->exp.X_add_number > 65535 || op->exp.X_add_number < -32768)
            {
              as_bad (_("value %d out of range. Use #lo() or #hi()"), x);
              return 1;
            }

          /* Now check constants.  */
          /* Substitute register mode with a constant generator if applicable.  */

          x = (short) x;        /* Extend sign.  */

          if (x == 0)
            {
              op->reg = 3;
              op->am = 0;
              op->ol = 0;
              op->mode = OP_REG;
            }
          else if (x == 1)
            {
              op->reg = 3;
              op->am = 1;
              op->ol = 0;
              op->mode = OP_REG;
            }
          else if (x == 2)
            {
              op->reg = 3;
              op->am = 2;
              op->ol = 0;
              op->mode = OP_REG;
            }
          else if (x == -1)
            {
              op->reg = 3;
              op->am = 3;
              op->ol = 0;
              op->mode = OP_REG;
            }
          else if (x == 4)
            {
#ifdef PUSH_1X_WORKAROUND
              if (bin == 0x1200)
                {
                  /* Remove warning as confusing.
                     as_warn(_("Hardware push bug workaround")); */
                }
              else
#endif
                {
                  op->reg = 2;
                  op->am = 2;
                  op->ol = 0;
                  op->mode = OP_REG;
                }
            }
          else if (x == 8)
            {
#ifdef PUSH_1X_WORKAROUND
              if (bin == 0x1200)
                {
                  /* Remove warning as confusing.
                     as_warn(_("Hardware push bug workaround")); */
                }
              else
#endif
                {
                  op->reg = 2;
                  op->am = 3;
                  op->ol = 0;
                  op->mode = OP_REG;
                }
            }
        }
      else if (op->exp.X_op == O_symbol)
        {
          op->mode = OP_EXP;
        }
      else if (op->exp.X_op == O_big)
        {
          short x;
          if (vshift != -1)
            {
              op->exp.X_op = O_constant;
              op->exp.X_add_number = 0xffff & generic_bignum[vshift];
              x = op->exp.X_add_number;
            }
          else
            {
              as_bad (_
                      ("unknown expression in operand %s. use #llo() #lhi() #hlo() #hhi() "),
                      l);
              return 1;
            }

          if (x == 0)
            {
              op->reg = 3;
              op->am = 0;
              op->ol = 0;
              op->mode = OP_REG;
            }
          else if (x == 1)
            {
              op->reg = 3;
              op->am = 1;
              op->ol = 0;
              op->mode = OP_REG;
            }
          else if (x == 2)
            {
              op->reg = 3;
              op->am = 2;
              op->ol = 0;
              op->mode = OP_REG;
            }
          else if (x == -1)
            {
              op->reg = 3;
              op->am = 3;
              op->ol = 0;
              op->mode = OP_REG;
            }
          else if (x == 4)
            {
              op->reg = 2;
              op->am = 2;
              op->ol = 0;
              op->mode = OP_REG;
            }
          else if (x == 8)
            {
              op->reg = 2;
              op->am = 3;
              op->ol = 0;
              op->mode = OP_REG;
            }
        }
      /* Redudant (yet) check.  */
      else if (op->exp.X_op == O_register)
        as_bad
          (_("Registers cannot be used within immediate expression [%s]"), l);
      else
        as_bad (_("unknown operand %s"), l);

      return 0;
    }

  /* Check if absolute &VALUE (assume that we can construct something like ((a&b)<<7 + 25).  */
  if (*l == '&')
    {
      char *h = l;

      op->reg = 2;              /* reg 2 in absolute addr mode.  */
      op->am = 1;               /* mode As == 01 bin.  */
      op->ol = 1;               /* Immediate value followed by instruction.  */
      __tl = h + 1;
      parse_exp (__tl, &(op->exp));
      op->mode = OP_EXP;
      if (op->exp.X_op == O_constant)
        {
          int x = op->exp.X_add_number;

          if (x > 65535 || x < -32768)
            {
              as_bad (_("value out of range: %d"), x);
              return 1;
            }
        }
      else if (op->exp.X_op == O_symbol)
        ;
      else
        {
          /* Redudant (yet) check.  */
          if (op->exp.X_op == O_register)
            as_bad
              (_("Registers cannot be used within absolute expression [%s]"), l);
          else
            as_bad (_("unknown expression in operand %s"), l);
          return 1;
        }
      return 0;
    }

  /* Check if indirect register mode @Rn / postincrement @Rn+.  */
  if (*l == '@')
    {
      char *t = l;
      char *m = strchr (l, '+');

      if (t != l)
        {
          as_bad (_("unknown addressing mode %s"), l);
          return 1;
        }

      t++;
      if (*t != 'r' && *t != 'R')
        {
          as_bad (_("unknown addressing mode %s"), l);
          return 1;
        }

      t++;      /* Points to the reg value.  */

      if (check_reg (t))
        {
          as_bad (_("Bad register name r%s"), t);
          return 1;
        }

      op->mode = OP_REG;
      op->am = m ? 3 : 2;
      op->ol = 0;
      if (m)
        *m = 0;                 /* strip '+' */
      op->reg = atoi (t);
      if (op->reg < 0 || op->reg > 15)
        {
          as_bad (_("MSP430 does not have %d registers"), op->reg);
          return 1;
        }

      return 0;
    }

  /* Check if register indexed X(Rn).  */
  do
    {
      char *h = strrchr (l, '(');
      char *m = strrchr (l, ')');
      char *t;

      *imm_op = 1;

      if (!h)
        break;
      if (!m)
        {
          as_bad (_("')' required"));
          return 1;
        }

      t = h;
      op->am = 1;
      op->ol = 1;
      /* Extract a register.  */
      t++;      /* Advance pointer.  */

      if (*t != 'r' && *t != 'R')
        {
          as_bad (_
                  ("unknown operator %s. Did you mean X(Rn) or #[hl][hl][oi](CONST) ?"),
                  l);
          return 1;
        }
      t++;

      op->reg = *t - '0';
      if (op->reg > 9 || op->reg < 0)
        {
          as_bad (_("unknown operator (r%s substituded as a register name"),
                  t);
          return 1;
        }
      t++;
      if (*t != ')')
        {
          op->reg = op->reg * 10;
          op->reg += *t - '0';

          if (op->reg > 15)
            {
              as_bad (_("unknown operator %s"), l);
              return 1;
            }
          if (op->reg == 2)
            {
              as_bad (_("r2 should not be used in indexed addressing mode"));
              return 1;
            }

          if (*(t + 1) != ')')
            {
              as_bad (_("unknown operator %s"), l);
              return 1;
            }
        }

      /* Extract constant.  */
      __tl = l;
      *h = 0;
      op->mode = OP_EXP;
      parse_exp (__tl, &(op->exp));
      if (op->exp.X_op == O_constant)
        {
          int x = op->exp.X_add_number;

          if (x > 65535 || x < -32768)
            {
              as_bad (_("value out of range: %d"), x);
              return 1;
            }

          if (x == 0)
            {
              op->mode = OP_REG;
              op->am = 2;
              op->ol = 0;
              return 0;
            }
        }
      else if (op->exp.X_op == O_symbol)
        ;
      else
        {
          /* Redudant (yet) check.  */
          if (op->exp.X_op == O_register)
            as_bad
              (_("Registers cannot be used as a prefix of indexed expression [%s]"), l);
          else
            as_bad (_("unknown expression in operand %s"), l);
          return 1;
        }

      return 0;
    }
  while (0);

  /* Register mode 'mov r1,r2'.  */
  do
    {
      char *t = l;

      /* Operand should be a register.  */
      if (*t == 'r' || *t == 'R')
        {
          int x = atoi (t + 1);

          if (check_reg (t + 1))
            break;

          if (x < 0 || x > 15)
            break;              /* Symbolic mode.  */

          op->mode = OP_REG;
          op->am = 0;
          op->ol = 0;
          op->reg = x;
          return 0;
        }
    }
  while (0);

  /* Symbolic mode 'mov a, b' == 'mov x(pc), y(pc)'.  */
  do
    {
      op->mode = OP_EXP;
      op->reg = 0;              /* PC relative... be careful.  */
      op->am = 1;
      op->ol = 1;
      __tl = l;
      parse_exp (__tl, &(op->exp));
      return 0;
    }
  while (0);

  /* Unreachable.  */
  as_bad (_("unknown addressing mode for operand %s"), l);
  return 1;
}


static int
msp430_dstoperand (struct msp430_operand_s * op, char * l, int bin)
{
  int dummy;
  int ret = msp430_srcoperand (op, l, bin, & dummy);

  if (ret)
    return ret;

  if (op->am == 2)
    {
      char *__tl = "0";

      op->mode = OP_EXP;
      op->am = 1;
      op->ol = 1;
      parse_exp (__tl, &(op->exp));

      if (op->exp.X_op != O_constant || op->exp.X_add_number != 0)
        {
          as_bad (_("Internal bug. Try to use 0(r%d) instead of @r%d"),
                  op->reg, op->reg);
          return 1;
        }
      return 0;
    }

  if (op->am > 1)
    {
      as_bad (_
              ("this addressing mode is not applicable for destination operand"));
      return 1;
    }
  return 0;
}


/* Parse instruction operands.
   Return binary opcode.  */

static unsigned int
msp430_operands (struct msp430_opcode_s * opcode, char * line)
{
  int bin = opcode->bin_opcode; /* Opcode mask.  */
  int __is;
  char l1[MAX_OP_LEN], l2[MAX_OP_LEN];
  char *frag;
  int where;
  struct msp430_operand_s op1, op2;
  int res = 0;
  static short ZEROS = 0;
  int byte_op, imm_op;

  /* Opcode is the one from opcodes table
     line contains something like
     [.w] @r2+, 5(R1)
     or
     .b @r2+, 5(R1).  */

  /* Check if byte or word operation.  */
  if (*line == '.' && TOLOWER (*(line + 1)) == 'b')
    {
      bin |= BYTE_OPERATION;
      byte_op = 1;
    }
  else
    byte_op = 0;

  /* skip .[bwBW].  */
  while (! ISSPACE (*line) && *line)
    line++;

  if (opcode->insn_opnumb && (!*line || *line == '\n'))
    {
      as_bad (_("instruction %s requires %d operand(s)"),
              opcode->name, opcode->insn_opnumb);
      return 0;
    }

  memset (l1, 0, sizeof (l1));
  memset (l2, 0, sizeof (l2));
  memset (&op1, 0, sizeof (op1));
  memset (&op2, 0, sizeof (op2));

  imm_op = 0;

  switch (opcode->fmt)
    {
    case 0:                     /* Emulated.  */
      switch (opcode->insn_opnumb)
        {
        case 0:
          /* Set/clear bits instructions.  */
          __is = 2;
          frag = frag_more (__is);
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);
          break;
        case 1:
          /* Something which works with destination operand.  */
          line = extract_operand (line, l1, sizeof (l1));
          res = msp430_dstoperand (&op1, l1, opcode->bin_opcode);
          if (res)
            break;

          bin |= (op1.reg | (op1.am << 7));
          __is = 1 + op1.ol;
          frag = frag_more (2 * __is);
          where = frag - frag_now->fr_literal;
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);

          if (op1.mode == OP_EXP)
            {
              where += 2;
              bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) ZEROS, frag + 2);

              if (op1.reg)
                fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 2,
                             &(op1.exp), FALSE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430);
              else
                fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 2,
                             &(op1.exp), TRUE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430_PCREL);
            }
          break;

        case 2:
          {
            /* Shift instruction.  */
            line = extract_operand (line, l1, sizeof (l1));
            strncpy (l2, l1, sizeof (l2));
            l2[sizeof (l2) - 1] = '\0';
            res = msp430_srcoperand (&op1, l1, opcode->bin_opcode, &imm_op);
            res += msp430_dstoperand (&op2, l2, opcode->bin_opcode);

            if (res)
              break;    /* An error occurred.  All warnings were done before.  */

            bin |= (op2.reg | (op1.reg << 8) | (op1.am << 4) | (op2.am << 7));

            __is = 1 + op1.ol + op2.ol; /* insn size in words.  */
            frag = frag_more (2 * __is);
            where = frag - frag_now->fr_literal;
            bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);

            if (op1.mode == OP_EXP)
              {
                where += 2;     /* Advance 'where' as we do not know _where_.  */
                bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) ZEROS, frag + 2);

                if (op1.reg || (op1.reg == 0 && op1.am == 3))   /* Not PC relative.  */
                  fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 2,
                               &(op1.exp), FALSE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430);
                else
                  fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 2,
                               &(op1.exp), TRUE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430_PCREL);
              }

            if (op2.mode == OP_EXP)
              {
                imm_op = 0;
                bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) ZEROS, frag + 2 + ((__is == 3) ? 2 : 0));

                if (op2.reg)    /* Not PC relative.  */
                  fix_new_exp (frag_now, where + 2, 2,
                               &(op2.exp), FALSE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430);
                else
                  fix_new_exp (frag_now, where + 2, 2,
                               &(op2.exp), TRUE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430_PCREL);
              }
            break;
          }
        case 3:
          /* Branch instruction => mov dst, r0.  */
          line = extract_operand (line, l1, sizeof (l1));

          res = msp430_srcoperand (&op1, l1, opcode->bin_opcode, &imm_op);
          if (res)
            break;

          byte_op = 0;
          imm_op = 0;

          bin |= ((op1.reg << 8) | (op1.am << 4));
          __is = 1 + op1.ol;
          frag = frag_more (2 * __is);
          where = frag - frag_now->fr_literal;
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);

          if (op1.mode == OP_EXP)
            {
              where += 2;
              bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) ZEROS, frag + 2);

              if (op1.reg || (op1.reg == 0 && op1.am == 3))
                fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 2,
                             &(op1.exp), FALSE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430);
              else
                fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 2,
                             &(op1.exp), TRUE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430_PCREL);
            }
          break;
        }
      break;

    case 1:                     /* Format 1, double operand.  */
      line = extract_operand (line, l1, sizeof (l1));
      line = extract_operand (line, l2, sizeof (l2));
      res = msp430_srcoperand (&op1, l1, opcode->bin_opcode, &imm_op);
      res += msp430_dstoperand (&op2, l2, opcode->bin_opcode);

      if (res)
        break;                  /* Error occurred.  All warnings were done before.  */

      bin |= (op2.reg | (op1.reg << 8) | (op1.am << 4) | (op2.am << 7));

      __is = 1 + op1.ol + op2.ol;       /* insn size in words.  */
      frag = frag_more (2 * __is);
      where = frag - frag_now->fr_literal;
      bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);

      if (op1.mode == OP_EXP)
        {
          where += 2;           /* Advance where as we do not know _where_.  */
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) ZEROS, frag + 2);

          if (op1.reg || (op1.reg == 0 && op1.am == 3)) /* Not PC relative.  */
            fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 2,
                         &(op1.exp), FALSE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430);
          else
            fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 2,
                         &(op1.exp), TRUE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430_PCREL);
        }

      if (op2.mode == OP_EXP)
        {
          imm_op = 0;
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) ZEROS, frag + 2 + ((__is == 3) ? 2 : 0));

          if (op2.reg)          /* Not PC relative.  */
            fix_new_exp (frag_now, where + 2, 2,
                         &(op2.exp), FALSE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430);
          else
            fix_new_exp (frag_now, where + 2, 2,
                         &(op2.exp), TRUE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430_PCREL);
        }
      break;

    case 2:                     /* Single-operand mostly instr.  */
      if (opcode->insn_opnumb == 0)
        {
          /* reti instruction.  */
          frag = frag_more (2);
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);
          break;
        }

      line = extract_operand (line, l1, sizeof (l1));
      res = msp430_srcoperand (&op1, l1, opcode->bin_opcode, &imm_op);
      if (res)
        break;          /* Error in operand.  */

      bin |= op1.reg | (op1.am << 4);
      __is = 1 + op1.ol;
      frag = frag_more (2 * __is);
      where = frag - frag_now->fr_literal;
      bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);

      if (op1.mode == OP_EXP)
        {
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) ZEROS, frag + 2);

          if (op1.reg || (op1.reg == 0 && op1.am == 3)) /* Not PC relative.  */
            fix_new_exp (frag_now, where + 2, 2,
                         &(op1.exp), FALSE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430);
          else
            fix_new_exp (frag_now, where + 2, 2,
                         &(op1.exp), TRUE, CHECK_RELOC_MSP430_PCREL);
        }
      break;

    case 3:                     /* Conditional jumps instructions.  */
      line = extract_operand (line, l1, sizeof (l1));
      /* l1 is a label.  */
      if (l1[0])
        {
          char *m = l1;
          expressionS exp;

          if (*m == '$')
            m++;

          parse_exp (m, &exp);
          frag = frag_more (2); /* Instr size is 1 word.  */

          /* In order to handle something like:

             and #0x8000, r5
             tst r5
             jz   4     ;       skip next 4 bytes
             inv r5
             inc r5
             nop        ;       will jump here if r5 positive or zero

             jCOND      -n      ;assumes jump n bytes backward:

             mov r5,r6
             jmp -2

             is equal to:
             lab:
             mov r5,r6
             jmp lab

             jCOND      $n      ; jump from PC in either direction.  */

          if (exp.X_op == O_constant)
            {
              int x = exp.X_add_number;

              if (x & 1)
                {
                  as_warn (_("Even number required. Rounded to %d"), x + 1);
                  x++;
                }

              if ((*l1 == '$' && x > 0) || x < 0)
                x -= 2;

              x >>= 1;

              if (x > 512 || x < -511)
                {
                  as_bad (_("Wrong displacement  %d"), x << 1);
                  break;
                }

              bin |= x & 0x3ff;
              bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);
            }
          else if (exp.X_op == O_symbol && *l1 != '$')
            {
              where = frag - frag_now->fr_literal;
              fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 2,
                           &exp, TRUE, BFD_RELOC_MSP430_10_PCREL);

              bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);
            }
          else if (*l1 == '$')
            {
              as_bad (_("instruction requires label sans '$'"));
              break;
            }
          else
            {
              as_bad (_
                      ("instruction requires label or value in range -511:512"));
              break;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          as_bad (_("instruction requires label"));
          break;
        }
      break;

    case 4:     /* Extended jumps.  */
      line = extract_operand (line, l1, sizeof (l1));
      if (l1[0])
        {
          char *m = l1;
          expressionS exp;

          /* Ignore absolute addressing. make it PC relative anyway.  */
          if (*m == '#' || *m == '$')
            m++;

          parse_exp (m, & exp);
          if (exp.X_op == O_symbol)
            {
              /* Relaxation required.  */
              struct rcodes_s rc = msp430_rcodes[opcode->insn_opnumb];

              frag = frag_more (8);
              bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) rc.sop, frag);
              frag = frag_variant (rs_machine_dependent, 8, 2,
                                   ENCODE_RELAX (rc.lpos, STATE_BITS10), /* Wild guess.  */
                                   exp.X_add_symbol,
                                   0,   /* Offset is zero if jump dist less than 1K.  */
                                   (char *) frag);
              break;
            }
        }

      as_bad (_("instruction requires label"));
      break;

    case 5:     /* Emulated extended branches.  */
      line = extract_operand (line, l1, sizeof (l1));
      if (l1[0])
        {
          char * m = l1;
          expressionS exp;

          /* Ignore absolute addressing. make it PC relative anyway.  */
          if (*m == '#' || *m == '$')
            m++;

          parse_exp (m, & exp);
          if (exp.X_op == O_symbol)
            {
              /* Relaxation required.  */
              struct hcodes_s hc = msp430_hcodes[opcode->insn_opnumb];

              frag = frag_more (8);
              bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) hc.op0, frag);
              bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) hc.op1, frag+2);
              frag = frag_variant (rs_machine_dependent, 8, 2,
                                   ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_EMUL_BRANCH, STATE_BITS10), /* Wild guess.  */
                                   exp.X_add_symbol,
                                   0,   /* Offset is zero if jump dist less than 1K.  */
                                   (char *) frag);
              break;
            }
        }

      as_bad (_("instruction requires label"));
      break;

    default:
      as_bad (_("Ilegal instruction or not implmented opcode."));
    }

  input_line_pointer = line;
  return 0;
}

void
md_assemble (char * str)
{
  struct msp430_opcode_s * opcode;
  char cmd[32];
  unsigned int i = 0;

  str = skip_space (str);       /* Skip leading spaces.  */
  str = extract_cmd (str, cmd, sizeof (cmd));

  while (cmd[i] && i < sizeof (cmd))
    {
      char a = TOLOWER (cmd[i]);
      cmd[i] = a;
      i++;
    }

  if (!cmd[0])
    {
      as_bad (_("can't find opcode "));
      return;
    }

  opcode = (struct msp430_opcode_s *) hash_find (msp430_hash, cmd);

  if (opcode == NULL)
    {
      as_bad (_("unknown opcode `%s'"), cmd);
      return;
    }

  {
    char *__t = input_line_pointer;

    msp430_operands (opcode, str);
    input_line_pointer = __t;
  }
}

/* GAS will call this function for each section at the end of the assembly,
   to permit the CPU backend to adjust the alignment of a section.  */

valueT
md_section_align (asection * seg, valueT addr)
{
  int align = bfd_get_section_alignment (stdoutput, seg);

  return ((addr + (1 << align) - 1) & (-1 << align));
}

/* If you define this macro, it should return the offset between the
   address of a PC relative fixup and the position from which the PC
   relative adjustment should be made.  On many processors, the base
   of a PC relative instruction is the next instruction, so this
   macro would return the length of an instruction.  */

long
md_pcrel_from_section (fixS * fixp, segT sec)
{
  if (fixp->fx_addsy != (symbolS *) NULL
      && (!S_IS_DEFINED (fixp->fx_addsy)
          || (S_GET_SEGMENT (fixp->fx_addsy) != sec)))
    return 0;

  return fixp->fx_frag->fr_address + fixp->fx_where;
}

/* GAS will call this for each fixup.  It should store the correct
   value in the object file.  */

void
md_apply_fix (fixS * fixp, valueT * valuep, segT seg)
{
  unsigned char * where;
  unsigned long insn;
  long value;

  if (fixp->fx_addsy == (symbolS *) NULL)
    {
      value = *valuep;
      fixp->fx_done = 1;
    }
  else if (fixp->fx_pcrel)
    {
      segT s = S_GET_SEGMENT (fixp->fx_addsy);

      if (fixp->fx_addsy && (s == seg || s == absolute_section))
        {
          /* FIXME: We can appear here only in case if we perform a pc
             relative jump to the label which is i) global, ii) locally
             defined or this is a jump to an absolute symbol.
             If this is an absolute symbol -- everything is OK.
             If this is a global label, we've got a symbol value defined
             twice:
               1. S_GET_VALUE (fixp->fx_addsy) will contain a symbol offset
                  from this section start
               2. *valuep will contain the real offset from jump insn to the
                  label
             So, the result of S_GET_VALUE (fixp->fx_addsy) + (* valuep);
             will be incorrect. Therefore remove s_get_value.  */
          value = /* S_GET_VALUE (fixp->fx_addsy) + */ * valuep;
          fixp->fx_done = 1;
        }
      else
        value = *valuep;
    }
  else
    {
      value = fixp->fx_offset;

      if (fixp->fx_subsy != (symbolS *) NULL)
        {
          if (S_GET_SEGMENT (fixp->fx_subsy) == absolute_section)
            {
              value -= S_GET_VALUE (fixp->fx_subsy);
              fixp->fx_done = 1;
            }
          else
            {
              /* We don't actually support subtracting a symbol.  */
              as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
                            _("expression too complex"));
            }
        }
    }

  switch (fixp->fx_r_type)
    {
    default:
      fixp->fx_no_overflow = 1;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_MSP430_10_PCREL:
      break;
    }

  if (fixp->fx_done)
    {
      /* Fetch the instruction, insert the fully resolved operand
         value, and stuff the instruction back again.  */

      where = (unsigned char *) fixp->fx_frag->fr_literal + fixp->fx_where;

      insn = bfd_getl16 (where);

      switch (fixp->fx_r_type)
        {
        case BFD_RELOC_MSP430_10_PCREL:
          if (value & 1)
            as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
                          _("odd address operand: %ld"), value);

          /* Jumps are in words.  */
          value >>= 1;
          --value;              /* Correct PC.  */

          if (value < -512 || value > 511)
            as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
                          _("operand out of range: %ld"), value);

          value &= 0x3ff;       /* get rid of extended sign */
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) (value | insn), where);
          break;

        case BFD_RELOC_MSP430_RL_PCREL:
        case BFD_RELOC_MSP430_16_PCREL:
          if (value & 1)
            as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
                          _("odd address operand: %ld"), value);

          /* Nothing to be corrected here.  */
          if (value < -32768 || value > 65536)
            as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
                          _("operand out of range: %ld"), value);

          value &= 0xffff;      /* Get rid of extended sign.  */
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) value, where);
          break;

        case BFD_RELOC_MSP430_16_PCREL_BYTE:
          /* Nothing to be corrected here.  */
          if (value < -32768 || value > 65536)
            as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
                          _("operand out of range: %ld"), value);

          value &= 0xffff;      /* Get rid of extended sign.  */
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) value, where);
          break;

        case BFD_RELOC_32:
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) value, where);
          break;

        case BFD_RELOC_MSP430_16:
        case BFD_RELOC_16:
        case BFD_RELOC_MSP430_16_BYTE:
          value &= 0xffff;
          bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) value, where);
          break;

        default:
          as_fatal (_("line %d: unknown relocation type: 0x%x"),
                    fixp->fx_line, fixp->fx_r_type);
          break;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      fixp->fx_addnumber = value;
    }
}

/* A `BFD_ASSEMBLER' GAS will call this to generate a reloc.  GAS
   will pass the resulting reloc to `bfd_install_relocation'.  This
   currently works poorly, as `bfd_install_relocation' often does the
   wrong thing, and instances of `tc_gen_reloc' have been written to
   work around the problems, which in turns makes it difficult to fix
   `bfd_install_relocation'.  */

/* If while processing a fixup, a reloc really needs to be created
   then it is done here.  */

arelent *
tc_gen_reloc (asection * seg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, fixS * fixp)
{
  arelent * reloc;

  reloc = xmalloc (sizeof (arelent));

  reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = xmalloc (sizeof (asymbol *));
  *reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = symbol_get_bfdsym (fixp->fx_addsy);

  reloc->address = fixp->fx_frag->fr_address + fixp->fx_where;
  reloc->howto = bfd_reloc_type_lookup (stdoutput, fixp->fx_r_type);
  if (reloc->howto == (reloc_howto_type *) NULL)
    {
      as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
                    _("reloc %d not supported by object file format"),
                    (int) fixp->fx_r_type);
      return NULL;
    }

  if (fixp->fx_r_type == BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_INHERIT
      || fixp->fx_r_type == BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_ENTRY)
    reloc->address = fixp->fx_offset;

  reloc->addend = fixp->fx_offset;

  return reloc;
}

int
md_estimate_size_before_relax (fragS * fragP ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                               asection * segment_type ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  if (fragP->fr_symbol && S_GET_SEGMENT (fragP->fr_symbol) == segment_type)
    {
      /* This is a jump -> pcrel mode. Nothing to do much here.
         Return value == 2.  */
      fragP->fr_subtype =
          ENCODE_RELAX (RELAX_LEN (fragP->fr_subtype), STATE_BITS10);
    }
  else if (fragP->fr_symbol)
    {
      /* Its got a segment, but its not ours.   Even if fr_symbol is in
         an absolute segment, we dont know a displacement until we link
         object files. So it will always be long. This also applies to
         labels in a subsegment of current. Liker may relax it to short
         jump later. Return value == 8.  */
      fragP->fr_subtype =
          ENCODE_RELAX (RELAX_LEN (fragP->fr_subtype), STATE_WORD);
    }
  else
    {
      /* We know the abs value. may be it is a jump to fixed address.
         Impossible in our case, cause all constants already handeled. */
      fragP->fr_subtype =
          ENCODE_RELAX (RELAX_LEN (fragP->fr_subtype), STATE_UNDEF);
    }

  return md_relax_table[fragP->fr_subtype].rlx_length;
}

void
md_convert_frag (bfd * abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                 asection * sec ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                 fragS * fragP)
{
  char * where = 0;
  int rela = -1;
  int i;
  struct rcodes_s * cc = NULL;
  struct hcodes_s * hc = NULL;

  switch (fragP->fr_subtype)
    {
    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_UNCOND_BRANCH, STATE_BITS10):
    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_SIMPLE_BRANCH, STATE_BITS10):
    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_NOOV_BRANCH, STATE_BITS10):
      /* We do not have to convert anything here.
         Just apply a fix.  */
      rela = BFD_RELOC_MSP430_10_PCREL;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_UNCOND_BRANCH, STATE_WORD):
    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_UNCOND_BRANCH, STATE_UNDEF):
      /* Convert uncond branch jmp lab -> br lab.  */
      cc = & msp430_rcodes[7];
      where = fragP->fr_literal + fragP->fr_fix;
      bfd_putl16 (cc->lop0, where);
      rela = BFD_RELOC_MSP430_RL_PCREL;
      fragP->fr_fix += 2;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_SIMPLE_BRANCH, STATE_WORD):
    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_SIMPLE_BRANCH, STATE_UNDEF):
      {
        /* Other simple branches.  */
        int insn = bfd_getl16 (fragP->fr_opcode);

        insn &= 0xffff;
        /* Find actual instruction.  */
        for (i = 0; i < 7 && !cc; i++)
          if (msp430_rcodes[i].sop == insn)
            cc = & msp430_rcodes[i];
        if (!cc || !cc->name)
          as_fatal (_("internal inconsistency problem in %s: insn %04lx"),
                    __FUNCTION__, (long) insn);
        where = fragP->fr_literal + fragP->fr_fix;
        bfd_putl16 (cc->lop0, where);
        bfd_putl16 (cc->lop1, where + 2);
        rela = BFD_RELOC_MSP430_RL_PCREL;
        fragP->fr_fix += 4;
      }
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_NOOV_BRANCH, STATE_WORD):
    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_NOOV_BRANCH, STATE_UNDEF):
      cc = & msp430_rcodes[6];
      where = fragP->fr_literal + fragP->fr_fix;
      bfd_putl16 (cc->lop0, where);
      bfd_putl16 (cc->lop1, where + 2);
      bfd_putl16 (cc->lop2, where + 4);
      rela = BFD_RELOC_MSP430_RL_PCREL;
      fragP->fr_fix += 6;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_EMUL_BRANCH, STATE_BITS10):
      {
        int insn = bfd_getl16 (fragP->fr_opcode + 2);

        insn &= 0xffff;
        for (i = 0; i < 4 && !hc; i++)
          if (msp430_hcodes[i].op1 == insn)
            hc = &msp430_hcodes[i];
        if (!hc || !hc->name)
          as_fatal (_("internal inconsistency problem in %s: ext. insn %04lx"),
              __FUNCTION__, (long) insn);
        rela = BFD_RELOC_MSP430_10_PCREL;
        /* Apply a fix for a first label if necessary.
           another fix will be applied to the next word of insn anyway.  */
        if (hc->tlab == 2)
          fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 2, fragP->fr_symbol,
              fragP->fr_offset, TRUE, rela);
        fragP->fr_fix += 2;
      }

      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_EMUL_BRANCH, STATE_WORD):
    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_EMUL_BRANCH, STATE_UNDEF):
      {
        int insn = bfd_getl16 (fragP->fr_opcode + 2);

        insn &= 0xffff;
        for (i = 0; i < 4 && !hc; i++)
          if (msp430_hcodes[i].op1 == insn)
            hc = & msp430_hcodes[i];
        if (!hc || !hc->name)
          as_fatal (_("internal inconsistency problem in %s: ext. insn %04lx"),
              __FUNCTION__, (long) insn);
        rela = BFD_RELOC_MSP430_RL_PCREL;
        where = fragP->fr_literal + fragP->fr_fix;
        bfd_putl16 (hc->lop0, where);
        bfd_putl16 (hc->lop1, where + 2);
        bfd_putl16 (hc->lop2, where + 4);
        fragP->fr_fix += 6;
      }
      break;

    default:
      as_fatal (_("internal inconsistency problem in %s:  %lx"),
                __FUNCTION__, (long) fragP->fr_subtype);
      break;
    }

  /* Now apply fix.  */
  fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 2, fragP->fr_symbol,
           fragP->fr_offset, TRUE, rela);
  /* Just fixed 2 bytes.  */
  fragP->fr_fix += 2;
}

/* Relax fragment. Mostly stolen from hc11 and mcore
   which arches I think I know.  */

long
msp430_relax_frag (segT seg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, fragS * fragP,
                   long stretch ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  long growth;
  offsetT aim = 0;
  symbolS *symbolP;
  const relax_typeS *this_type;
  const relax_typeS *start_type;
  relax_substateT next_state;
  relax_substateT this_state;
  const relax_typeS *table = md_relax_table;

  /* Nothing to be done if the frag has already max size.  */
  if (RELAX_STATE (fragP->fr_subtype) == STATE_UNDEF
      || RELAX_STATE (fragP->fr_subtype) == STATE_WORD)
    return 0;

  if (RELAX_STATE (fragP->fr_subtype) == STATE_BITS10)
    {
      symbolP = fragP->fr_symbol;
      if (symbol_resolved_p (symbolP))
        as_fatal (_("internal inconsistency problem in %s: resolved symbol"),
                  __FUNCTION__);
      /* We know the offset. calculate a distance.  */
      aim = S_GET_VALUE (symbolP) - fragP->fr_address - fragP->fr_fix;
    }

  this_state = fragP->fr_subtype;
  start_type = this_type = table + this_state;

  if (aim < 0)
    {
      /* Look backwards.  */
      for (next_state = this_type->rlx_more; next_state;)
        if (aim >= this_type->rlx_backward)
          next_state = 0;
        else
          {
            /* Grow to next state.  */
            this_state = next_state;
            this_type = table + this_state;
            next_state = this_type->rlx_more;
          }
    }
  else
    {
      /* Look forwards.  */
      for (next_state = this_type->rlx_more; next_state;)
        if (aim <= this_type->rlx_forward)
          next_state = 0;
        else
          {
            /* Grow to next state.  */
            this_state = next_state;
            this_type = table + this_state;
            next_state = this_type->rlx_more;
          }
    }

  growth = this_type->rlx_length - start_type->rlx_length;
  if (growth != 0)
    fragP->fr_subtype = this_state;
  return growth;
}