1 @c Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
8 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
12 @node Machine Dependencies
13 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
18 * AVR Options:: Options
20 * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes
25 @cindex AVR options (none)
26 @cindex options for AVR (none)
30 @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR
32 Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type.
34 Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C
35 compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200,
36 attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).
38 Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to
39 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343,
40 attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534,
43 Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory
44 space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313,
45 attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84,
46 attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461,
47 attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88,
48 attiny828, at86rf401, ata6289, ata5272).
50 Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program
51 memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711).
53 Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program
54 memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320).
56 Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP
57 instructions (MCU types: attiny167, attiny1634, at90usb82, at90usb162,
58 atmega8u2, atmega16u2, atmega32u2, ata5505).
60 Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program
61 memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48pa, atmega48p, atmega8,
62 atmega8a, atmega88, atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535,
63 atmega8hva, at90pwm1, at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81,
66 Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program
67 memory space (MCU types: at90pwm161, atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162,
68 atmega163, atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega164pa, atmega165, atmega165a,
69 atmega165p, atmega165pa, atmega168, atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega168pa,
70 atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa, atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a,
71 atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega32, atmega32a, atmega323,
72 atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p,
73 atmega325p, atmega325pa, atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega3250pa,
74 atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329, atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa,
75 atmega3290a, atmega3290p, atmega3290pa, atmega406, atmega64, atmega64a,
76 atmega64rfr2, atmega644rfr2, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p,
77 atmega644pa, atmega645, atmega645a, atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a,
78 atmega6450p, atmega649, atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a,
79 atmega6490p, atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb, atmega16hvbrevb,
80 atmega32hvb, atmega32hvbrevb, atmega64hve, at90can32, at90can64, at90pwm161,
81 at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1, atmega32m1,
82 atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k,
83 at90scr100, ata5790, ata5795).
85 Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K program
86 memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega128a, atmega1280, atmega1281,
87 atmega1284, atmega1284p, atmega128rfa1, atmega128rfr2, atmega1284rfr2,
88 at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000).
90 Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC (MCU types:
91 atmega2560, atmega2561, atmega256rfr2, atmega2564rfr2).
93 Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program
94 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega16a4, atxmega16a4u,
95 atxmega16c4, atxmega16d4, atxmega16x1, atxmega32a4, atxmega32a4u, atxmega32c4,
96 atxmega32d4, atxmega16e5, atxmega8e5, atxmega32e5, atxmega32x1).
98 Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program
99 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: none).
101 Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program
102 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a3, atxmega64a3u,
103 atxmega64a4u, atxmega64b1, atxmega64b3, atxmega64c3, atxmega64d3, atxmega64d4).
105 Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program
106 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a1,
109 Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than 64K program
110 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a3,
111 atxmega128a3u, atxmega128c3, atxmega128d3, atxmega128d4, atxmega192a3,
112 atxmega192a3u, atxmega128b1, atxmega128b3, atxmega192c3, atxmega192d3,
113 atxmega256a3, atxmega256a3u, atxmega256a3b, atxmega256a3bu, atxmega256c3,
114 atxmega256d3, atxmega384c3, atxmega256d3).
116 Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than 64K program
117 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a1,
118 atxmega128a1u, atxmega128a4u).
120 @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR
122 Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}.
124 @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR
126 This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions.
128 @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR
130 This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around.
132 @cindex @code{-mrmw} command line option, AVR
134 Accept Read-Modify-Write (@code{XCH,LAC,LAS,LAT}) instructions.
142 * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters
143 * AVR-Regs:: Register Names
144 * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers
148 @subsection Special Characters
150 @cindex line comment character, AVR
151 @cindex AVR line comment character
153 The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a
154 comment that extends to the end of that line.
156 If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line
157 is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a
158 logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
159 control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
161 @cindex line separator, AVR
162 @cindex statement separator, AVR
163 @cindex AVR line separator
165 The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate
169 @subsection Register Names
171 @cindex AVR register names
172 @cindex register names, AVR
174 The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0},
175 @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}.
176 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address
177 register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address
178 pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in
179 Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit
180 @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers.
189 @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers
191 @cindex AVR modifiers
194 The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses
195 in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following:
198 modifier(relocatable-expression)
202 @cindex symbol modifiers
206 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
207 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
211 This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression
212 as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the
213 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier.
224 This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of
225 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
226 Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants.
230 Synonym of @samp{hh8}.
234 This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of
235 an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the
236 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8},
237 @samp{hhi8}, modifier.
242 ldi r26, lo8(285774925)
243 ldi r27, hi8(285774925)
244 ldi r28, hlo8(285774925)
245 ldi r29, hhi8(285774925)
246 ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925
251 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
252 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
253 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
254 Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar
259 This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of
260 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
261 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
262 Flash/Program memory.
266 This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of
267 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
268 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
269 Flash/Program memory.
276 @cindex AVR opcode summary
277 @cindex opcode summary, AVR
278 @cindex mnemonics, AVR
279 @cindex instruction summary, AVR
280 For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see
281 @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}.
283 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes.
284 The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments.
289 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)}
290 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)}
291 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)}
292 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)}
293 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)}
294 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)}
295 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])}
296 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255}
297 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible}
298 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7}
299 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)}
300 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)}
301 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')}
302 i @r{immediate value}
303 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63}
304 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047}
305 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)}
306 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)}
307 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry}
325 100101001SSS1000 bclr S
326 100101000SSS1000 bset S
327 1001010100001001 icall
328 1001010000001001 ijmp
329 1001010111001000 lpm ?
330 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z
331 1001010111011000 elpm ?
332 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z
335 1001010100011000 reti
336 1001010110001000 sleep
337 1001010110011000 break
340 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r
341 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r
342 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r
343 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r
344 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r
345 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r
346 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r
347 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r
348 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r
349 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r
350 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r
351 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r
352 001001rdddddrrrr clr r
353 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r
354 000111rdddddrrrr rol r
355 001000rdddddrrrr tst r
356 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M
357 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n
358 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M
359 11101111dddd1111 ser d
360 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M
361 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M
362 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M
363 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M
364 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M
365 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s
366 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s
367 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s
368 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s
369 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P
370 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r
371 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K
372 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K
373 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s
374 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s
375 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s
376 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s
377 111101lllllll000 brcc l
378 111100lllllll000 brcs l
379 111100lllllll001 breq l
380 111101lllllll100 brge l
381 111101lllllll101 brhc l
382 111100lllllll101 brhs l
383 111101lllllll111 brid l
384 111100lllllll111 brie l
385 111100lllllll000 brlo l
386 111100lllllll100 brlt l
387 111100lllllll010 brmi l
388 111101lllllll001 brne l
389 111101lllllll010 brpl l
390 111101lllllll000 brsh l
391 111101lllllll110 brtc l
392 111100lllllll110 brts l
393 111101lllllll011 brvc l
394 111100lllllll011 brvs l
395 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l
396 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l
397 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L
398 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L
399 1001010hhhhh111h call h
400 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h
401 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r
402 1001010rrrrr0000 com r
403 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r
404 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r
405 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r
406 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r
407 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r
408 1001001rrrrr1111 push r
409 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r
410 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r
411 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v
412 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d
413 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a
414 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a
415 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a
416 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a
417 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r
418 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i
419 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b
420 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e
421 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r
422 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r
423 1001010100011001 eicall
424 1001010000011001 eijmp