1 @c Copyright 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011
2 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
4 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
9 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
13 @node Machine Dependencies
14 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
19 * AVR Options:: Options
21 * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes
26 @cindex AVR options (none)
27 @cindex options for AVR (none)
31 @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR
33 Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type.
35 Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C
36 compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200,
37 attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).
39 Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to
40 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343,
41 attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534,
44 Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory
45 space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313,
46 attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84,
47 attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461,
48 attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88,
51 Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program
52 memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711).
54 Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program
55 memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320).
57 Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP
58 instructions (MCU types: attiny167, at90usb82, at90usb162, atmega8u2,
59 atmega16u2, atmega32u2).
61 Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program
62 memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48p, atmega8, atmega88,
63 atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535, atmega8hva, at90pwm1,
64 at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81).
66 Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program
67 memory space (MCU types: atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162, atmega163,
68 atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega165, atmega165a, atmega165p, atmega168,
69 atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa,
70 atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p,
71 atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329,
72 atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa, atmega3290, atmega3290a, atmega3290p,
73 atmega406, atmega64, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p, atmega644pa,
74 atmega645, atmega645a, atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a, atmega6450p,
75 atmega649, atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a, atmega6490p,
76 atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb, atmega32hvb, atmega64hve, at90can32,
77 at90can64, at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1,
78 atmega32m1, atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646,
79 at90usb647, at94k, at90scr100).
81 Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K program
82 memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega1280, atmega1281, atmega1284p,
83 atmega128rfa1, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000).
85 Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC (MCU types:
86 atmega2560, atmega2561).
88 Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program
89 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega16a4, atxmega16d4,
92 Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program
93 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega32a4).
95 Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program
96 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a3, atxmega64d3).
98 Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program
99 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a1).
101 Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 256K program
102 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a3,
103 atxmega128d3, atxmega192a3, atxmega192d3, atxmega256a3, atxmega256a3b,
106 Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 256K program
107 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a1).
109 @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR
111 Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}.
113 @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR
115 This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions.
117 @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR
119 This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around.
127 * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters
128 * AVR-Regs:: Register Names
129 * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers
133 @subsection Special Characters
135 @cindex line comment character, AVR
136 @cindex AVR line comment character
138 The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a
139 comment that extends to the end of that line.
141 If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line
142 is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a
143 logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
144 control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
146 @cindex line separator, AVR
147 @cindex statement separator, AVR
148 @cindex AVR line separator
150 The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate
154 @subsection Register Names
156 @cindex AVR register names
157 @cindex register names, AVR
159 The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0},
160 @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}.
161 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address
162 register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address
163 pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in
164 Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit
165 @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers.
174 @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers
176 @cindex AVR modifiers
179 The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses
180 in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following:
183 modifier(relocatable-expression)
187 @cindex symbol modifiers
191 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
192 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
196 This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression
197 as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the
198 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier.
209 This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of
210 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
211 Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants.
215 Synonym of @samp{hh8}.
219 This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of
220 an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the
221 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8},
222 @samp{hhi8}, modifier.
227 ldi r26, lo8(285774925)
228 ldi r27, hi8(285774925)
229 ldi r28, hlo8(285774925)
230 ldi r29, hhi8(285774925)
231 ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925
236 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
237 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
238 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
239 Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar
244 This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of
245 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
246 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
247 Flash/Program memory.
251 This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of
252 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
253 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
254 Flash/Program memory.
261 @cindex AVR opcode summary
262 @cindex opcode summary, AVR
263 @cindex mnemonics, AVR
264 @cindex instruction summary, AVR
265 For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see
266 @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}.
268 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes.
269 The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments.
274 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)}
275 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)}
276 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)}
277 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)}
278 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)}
279 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)}
280 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])}
281 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255}
282 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible}
283 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7}
284 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)}
285 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)}
286 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')}
287 i @r{immediate value}
288 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63}
289 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047}
290 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)}
291 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)}
292 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry}
310 100101001SSS1000 bclr S
311 100101000SSS1000 bset S
312 1001010100001001 icall
313 1001010000001001 ijmp
314 1001010111001000 lpm ?
315 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z
316 1001010111011000 elpm ?
317 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z
320 1001010100011000 reti
321 1001010110001000 sleep
322 1001010110011000 break
325 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r
326 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r
327 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r
328 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r
329 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r
330 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r
331 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r
332 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r
333 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r
334 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r
335 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r
336 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r
337 001001rdddddrrrr clr r
338 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r
339 000111rdddddrrrr rol r
340 001000rdddddrrrr tst r
341 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M
342 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n
343 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M
344 11101111dddd1111 ser d
345 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M
346 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M
347 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M
348 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M
349 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M
350 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s
351 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s
352 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s
353 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s
354 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P
355 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r
356 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K
357 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K
358 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s
359 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s
360 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s
361 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s
362 111101lllllll000 brcc l
363 111100lllllll000 brcs l
364 111100lllllll001 breq l
365 111101lllllll100 brge l
366 111101lllllll101 brhc l
367 111100lllllll101 brhs l
368 111101lllllll111 brid l
369 111100lllllll111 brie l
370 111100lllllll000 brlo l
371 111100lllllll100 brlt l
372 111100lllllll010 brmi l
373 111101lllllll001 brne l
374 111101lllllll010 brpl l
375 111101lllllll000 brsh l
376 111101lllllll110 brtc l
377 111100lllllll110 brts l
378 111101lllllll011 brvc l
379 111100lllllll011 brvs l
380 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l
381 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l
382 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L
383 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L
384 1001010hhhhh111h call h
385 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h
386 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r
387 1001010rrrrr0000 com r
388 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r
389 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r
390 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r
391 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r
392 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r
393 1001001rrrrr1111 push r
394 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r
395 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r
396 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v
397 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d
398 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a
399 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a
400 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a
401 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a
402 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r
403 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i
404 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b
405 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e
406 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r
407 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r
408 1001010100011001 eicall
409 1001010000011001 eijmp