gas/doc/c-z8k.texi

   1 @c Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2003
   2 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   3 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
   4 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
   5 @ifset GENERIC
   6 @page
   7 @node Z8000-Dependent
   8 @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features
   9 @end ifset
  10 @ifclear GENERIC
  11 @node Machine Dependencies
  12 @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features
  13 @end ifclear
  14
  15 @cindex Z8000 support
  16 The Z8000 @value{AS} supports both members of the Z8000 family: the
  17 unsegmented Z8002, with 16 bit addresses, and the segmented Z8001 with
  18 24 bit addresses.
  19
  20 When the assembler is in unsegmented mode (specified with the
  21 @code{unsegm} directive), an address takes up one word (16 bit)
  22 sized register.  When the assembler is in segmented mode (specified with
  23 the @code{segm} directive), a 24-bit address takes up a long (32 bit)
  24 register.  @xref{Z8000 Directives,,Assembler Directives for the Z8000},
  25 for a list of other Z8000 specific assembler directives.
  26
  27 @menu
  28 * Z8000 Options::               Command-line options for the Z8000
  29 * Z8000 Syntax::                Assembler syntax for the Z8000
  30 * Z8000 Directives::            Special directives for the Z8000
  31 * Z8000 Opcodes::               Opcodes
  32 @end menu
  33
  34 @node Z8000 Options
  35 @section Options
  36
  37 @cindex Z8000 options
  38 @cindex options, Z8000
  39 @table @option
  40 @cindex @code{-z8001} command line option, Z8000
  41 @item -z8001
  42 Generate segmented code by default.
  43
  44 @cindex @code{-z8002} command line option, Z8000
  45 @item -z8002
  46 Generate unsegmented code by default.
  47 @end table
  48
  49 @node Z8000 Syntax
  50 @section Syntax
  51 @menu
  52 * Z8000-Chars::                Special Characters
  53 * Z8000-Regs::                 Register Names
  54 * Z8000-Addressing::           Addressing Modes
  55 @end menu
  56
  57 @node Z8000-Chars
  58 @subsection Special Characters
  59
  60 @cindex line comment character, Z8000
  61 @cindex Z8000 line comment character
  62 @samp{!} is the line comment character.
  63
  64 @cindex line separator, Z8000
  65 @cindex statement separator, Z8000
  66 @cindex Z8000 line separator
  67 You can use @samp{;} instead of a newline to separate statements.
  68
  69 @node Z8000-Regs
  70 @subsection Register Names
  71
  72 @cindex Z8000 registers
  73 @cindex registers, Z8000
  74 The Z8000 has sixteen 16 bit registers, numbered 0 to 15.  You can refer
  75 to different sized groups of registers by register number, with the
  76 prefix @samp{r} for 16 bit registers, @samp{rr} for 32 bit registers and
  77 @samp{rq} for 64 bit registers.  You can also refer to the contents of
  78 the first eight (of the sixteen 16 bit registers) by bytes.  They are
  79 named @samp{rl@var{n}} and @samp{rh@var{n}}.
  80
  81 @smallexample
  82 @exdent @emph{byte registers}
  83 rl0 rh0 rl1 rh1 rl2 rh2 rl3 rh3
  84 rl4 rh4 rl5 rh5 rl6 rh6 rl7 rh7
  85
  86 @exdent @emph{word registers}
  87 r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8 r9 r10 r11 r12 r13 r14 r15
  88
  89 @exdent @emph{long word registers}
  90 rr0 rr2 rr4 rr6 rr8 rr10 rr12 rr14
  91
  92 @exdent @emph{quad word registers}
  93 rq0 rq4 rq8 rq12
  94 @end smallexample
  95
  96 @node Z8000-Addressing
  97 @subsection Addressing Modes
  98
  99 @cindex addressing modes, Z8000
 100 @cindex Z800 addressing modes
 101 @value{AS} understands the following addressing modes for the Z8000:
 102
 103 @table @code
 104 @item rl@var{n}
 105 @itemx rh@var{n}
 106 @itemx r@var{n}
 107 @itemx rr@var{n}
 108 @itemx rq@var{n}
 109 Register direct:  8bit, 16bit, 32bit, and 64bit registers.
 110
 111 @item @@r@var{n}
 112 @itemx @@rr@var{n}
 113 Indirect register:  @@rr@var{n} in segmented mode, @@r@var{n} in unsegmented
 114 mode.
 115
 116 @item @var{addr}
 117 Direct: the 16 bit or 24 bit address (depending on whether the assembler
 118 is in segmented or unsegmented mode) of the operand is in the instruction.
 119
 120 @item address(r@var{n})
 121 Indexed: the 16 or 24 bit address is added to the 16 bit register to produce
 122 the final address in memory of the operand.
 123
 124 @item r@var{n}(#@var{imm})
 125 @itemx rr@var{n}(#@var{imm})
 126 Base Address: the 16 or 24 bit register is added to the 16 bit sign
 127 extended immediate displacement to produce the final address in memory
 128 of the operand.
 129
 130 @item r@var{n}(r@var{m})
 131 @itemx rr@var{n}(r@var{m})
 132 Base Index: the 16 or 24 bit register r@var{n} or rr@var{n} is added to
 133 the sign extended 16 bit index register r@var{m} to produce the final
 134 address in memory of the operand.
 135
 136 @item #@var{xx}
 137 Immediate data @var{xx}.
 138 @end table
 139
 140 @node Z8000 Directives
 141 @section Assembler Directives for the Z8000
 142
 143 @cindex Z8000 directives
 144 @cindex directives, Z8000
 145 The Z8000 port of @value{AS} includes additional assembler directives,
 146 for compatibility with other Z8000 assemblers.  These do not begin with
 147 @samp{.} (unlike the ordinary @value{AS} directives).
 148
 149 @table @code
 150 @kindex segm
 151 @item segm
 152 @kindex .z8001
 153 @itemx .z8001
 154 Generate code for the segmented Z8001.
 155
 156 @kindex unsegm
 157 @item unsegm
 158 @kindex .z8002
 159 @itemx .z8002
 160 Generate code for the unsegmented Z8002.
 161
 162 @kindex name
 163 @item name
 164 Synonym for @code{.file}
 165
 166 @kindex global
 167 @item global
 168 Synonym for @code{.global}
 169
 170 @kindex wval
 171 @item wval
 172 Synonym for @code{.word}
 173
 174 @kindex lval
 175 @item lval
 176 Synonym for @code{.long}
 177
 178 @kindex bval
 179 @item bval
 180 Synonym for @code{.byte}
 181
 182 @kindex sval
 183 @item sval
 184 Assemble a string.  @code{sval} expects one string literal, delimited by
 185 single quotes.  It assembles each byte of the string into consecutive
 186 addresses.  You can use the escape sequence @samp{%@var{xx}} (where
 187 @var{xx} represents a two-digit hexadecimal number) to represent the
 188 character whose @sc{ascii} value is @var{xx}.  Use this feature to
 189 describe single quote and other characters that may not appear in string
 190 literals as themselves.  For example, the C statement @w{@samp{char *a =
 191 "he said \"it's 50% off\"";}} is represented in Z8000 assembly language
 192 (shown with the assembler output in hex at the left) as
 193
 194 @iftex
 195 @begingroup
 196 @let@nonarrowing=@comment
 197 @end iftex
 198 @smallexample
 199 68652073    sval    'he said %22it%27s 50%25 off%22%00'
 200 61696420
 201 22697427
 202 73203530
 203 25206F66
 204 662200
 205 @end smallexample
 206 @iftex
 207 @endgroup
 208 @end iftex
 209
 210 @kindex rsect
 211 @item rsect
 212 synonym for @code{.section}
 213
 214 @kindex block
 215 @item block
 216 synonym for @code{.space}
 217
 218 @kindex even
 219 @item even
 220 special case of @code{.align}; aligns output to even byte boundary.
 221 @end table
 222
 223 @node Z8000 Opcodes
 224 @section Opcodes
 225
 226 @cindex Z8000 opcode summary
 227 @cindex opcode summary, Z8000
 228 @cindex mnemonics, Z8000
 229 @cindex instruction summary, Z8000
 230 For detailed information on the Z8000 machine instruction set, see
 231 @cite{Z8000 Technical Manual}.
 232
 233 @ifset SMALL
 234 @c this table, due to the multi-col faking and hardcoded order, looks silly
 235 @c except in smallbook.  See comments below "@set SMALL" near top of this file.
 236
 237 The following table summarizes the opcodes and their arguments:
 238 @iftex
 239 @begingroup
 240 @let@nonarrowing=@comment
 241 @end iftex
 242 @smallexample
 243
 244             rs   @r{16 bit source register}
 245             rd   @r{16 bit destination register}
 246             rbs   @r{8 bit source register}
 247             rbd   @r{8 bit destination register}
 248             rrs   @r{32 bit source register}
 249             rrd   @r{32 bit destination register}
 250             rqs   @r{64 bit source register}
 251             rqd   @r{64 bit destination register}
 252             addr @r{16/24 bit address}
 253             imm  @r{immediate data}
 254
 255 adc rd,rs               clrb addr               cpsir @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc
 256 adcb rbd,rbs            clrb addr(rd)           cpsirb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc
 257 add rd,@@rs              clrb rbd                dab rbd
 258 add rd,addr             com @@rd                 dbjnz rbd,disp7
 259 add rd,addr(rs)         com addr                dec @@rd,imm4m1
 260 add rd,imm16            com addr(rd)            dec addr(rd),imm4m1
 261 add rd,rs               com rd                  dec addr,imm4m1
 262 addb rbd,@@rs            comb @@rd                dec rd,imm4m1
 263 addb rbd,addr           comb addr               decb @@rd,imm4m1
 264 addb rbd,addr(rs)       comb addr(rd)           decb addr(rd),imm4m1
 265 addb rbd,imm8           comb rbd                decb addr,imm4m1
 266 addb rbd,rbs            comflg flags            decb rbd,imm4m1
 267 addl rrd,@@rs            cp @@rd,imm16            di i2
 268 addl rrd,addr           cp addr(rd),imm16       div rrd,@@rs
 269 addl rrd,addr(rs)       cp addr,imm16           div rrd,addr
 270 addl rrd,imm32          cp rd,@@rs               div rrd,addr(rs)
 271 addl rrd,rrs            cp rd,addr              div rrd,imm16
 272 and rd,@@rs              cp rd,addr(rs)          div rrd,rs
 273 and rd,addr             cp rd,imm16             divl rqd,@@rs
 274 and rd,addr(rs)         cp rd,rs                divl rqd,addr
 275 and rd,imm16            cpb @@rd,imm8            divl rqd,addr(rs)
 276 and rd,rs               cpb addr(rd),imm8       divl rqd,imm32
 277 andb rbd,@@rs            cpb addr,imm8           divl rqd,rrs
 278 andb rbd,addr           cpb rbd,@@rs             djnz rd,disp7
 279 andb rbd,addr(rs)       cpb rbd,addr            ei i2
 280 andb rbd,imm8           cpb rbd,addr(rs)        ex rd,@@rs
 281 andb rbd,rbs            cpb rbd,imm8            ex rd,addr
 282 bit @@rd,imm4            cpb rbd,rbs             ex rd,addr(rs)
 283 bit addr(rd),imm4       cpd rd,@@rs,rr,cc        ex rd,rs
 284 bit addr,imm4           cpdb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc      exb rbd,@@rs
 285 bit rd,imm4             cpdr rd,@@rs,rr,cc       exb rbd,addr
 286 bit rd,rs               cpdrb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc     exb rbd,addr(rs)
 287 bitb @@rd,imm4           cpi rd,@@rs,rr,cc        exb rbd,rbs
 288 bitb addr(rd),imm4      cpib rbd,@@rs,rr,cc      ext0e imm8
 289 bitb addr,imm4          cpir rd,@@rs,rr,cc       ext0f imm8
 290 bitb rbd,imm4           cpirb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc     ext8e imm8
 291 bitb rbd,rs             cpl rrd,@@rs             ext8f imm8
 292 bpt                     cpl rrd,addr            exts rrd
 293 call @@rd                cpl rrd,addr(rs)        extsb rd
 294 call addr               cpl rrd,imm32           extsl rqd
 295 call addr(rd)           cpl rrd,rrs             halt
 296 calr disp12             cpsd @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc      in rd,@@rs
 297 clr @@rd                 cpsdb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc     in rd,imm16
 298 clr addr                cpsdr @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc     inb rbd,@@rs
 299 clr addr(rd)            cpsdrb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc    inb rbd,imm16
 300 clr rd                  cpsi @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc      inc @@rd,imm4m1
 301 clrb @@rd                cpsib @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc     inc addr(rd),imm4m1
 302 inc addr,imm4m1         ldb rbd,rs(rx)          mult rrd,addr(rs)
 303 inc rd,imm4m1           ldb rd(imm16),rbs       mult rrd,imm16
 304 incb @@rd,imm4m1         ldb rd(rx),rbs          mult rrd,rs
 305 incb addr(rd),imm4m1    ldctl ctrl,rs           multl rqd,@@rs
 306 incb addr,imm4m1        ldctl rd,ctrl           multl rqd,addr
 307 incb rbd,imm4m1         ldd @@rs,@@rd,rr          multl rqd,addr(rs)
 308 ind @@rd,@@rs,ra          lddb @@rs,@@rd,rr         multl rqd,imm32
 309 indb @@rd,@@rs,rba        lddr @@rs,@@rd,rr         multl rqd,rrs
 310 inib @@rd,@@rs,ra         lddrb @@rs,@@rd,rr        neg @@rd
 311 inibr @@rd,@@rs,ra        ldi @@rd,@@rs,rr          neg addr
 312 iret                    ldib @@rd,@@rs,rr         neg addr(rd)
 313 jp cc,@@rd               ldir @@rd,@@rs,rr         neg rd
 314 jp cc,addr              ldirb @@rd,@@rs,rr        negb @@rd
 315 jp cc,addr(rd)          ldk rd,imm4             negb addr
 316 jr cc,disp8             ldl @@rd,rrs             negb addr(rd)
 317 ld @@rd,imm16            ldl addr(rd),rrs        negb rbd
 318 ld @@rd,rs               ldl addr,rrs            nop
 319 ld addr(rd),imm16       ldl rd(imm16),rrs       or rd,@@rs
 320 ld addr(rd),rs          ldl rd(rx),rrs          or rd,addr
 321 ld addr,imm16           ldl rrd,@@rs             or rd,addr(rs)
 322 ld addr,rs              ldl rrd,addr            or rd,imm16
 323 ld rd(imm16),rs         ldl rrd,addr(rs)        or rd,rs
 324 ld rd(rx),rs            ldl rrd,imm32           orb rbd,@@rs
 325 ld rd,@@rs               ldl rrd,rrs             orb rbd,addr
 326 ld rd,addr              ldl rrd,rs(imm16)       orb rbd,addr(rs)
 327 ld rd,addr(rs)          ldl rrd,rs(rx)          orb rbd,imm8
 328 ld rd,imm16             ldm @@rd,rs,n            orb rbd,rbs
 329 ld rd,rs                ldm addr(rd),rs,n       out @@rd,rs
 330 ld rd,rs(imm16)         ldm addr,rs,n           out imm16,rs
 331 ld rd,rs(rx)            ldm rd,@@rs,n            outb @@rd,rbs
 332 lda rd,addr             ldm rd,addr(rs),n       outb imm16,rbs
 333 lda rd,addr(rs)         ldm rd,addr,n           outd @@rd,@@rs,ra
 334 lda rd,rs(imm16)        ldps @@rs                outdb @@rd,@@rs,rba
 335 lda rd,rs(rx)           ldps addr               outib @@rd,@@rs,ra
 336 ldar rd,disp16          ldps addr(rs)           outibr @@rd,@@rs,ra
 337 ldb @@rd,imm8            ldr disp16,rs           pop @@rd,@@rs
 338 ldb @@rd,rbs             ldr rd,disp16           pop addr(rd),@@rs
 339 ldb addr(rd),imm8       ldrb disp16,rbs         pop addr,@@rs
 340 ldb addr(rd),rbs        ldrb rbd,disp16         pop rd,@@rs
 341 ldb addr,imm8           ldrl disp16,rrs         popl @@rd,@@rs
 342 ldb addr,rbs            ldrl rrd,disp16         popl addr(rd),@@rs
 343 ldb rbd,@@rs             mbit                    popl addr,@@rs
 344 ldb rbd,addr            mreq rd                 popl rrd,@@rs
 345 ldb rbd,addr(rs)        mres                    push @@rd,@@rs
 346 ldb rbd,imm8            mset                    push @@rd,addr
 347 ldb rbd,rbs             mult rrd,@@rs            push @@rd,addr(rs)
 348 ldb rbd,rs(imm16)       mult rrd,addr           push @@rd,imm16
 349 push @@rd,rs             set addr,imm4           subl rrd,imm32
 350 pushl @@rd,@@rs           set rd,imm4             subl rrd,rrs
 351 pushl @@rd,addr          set rd,rs               tcc cc,rd
 352 pushl @@rd,addr(rs)      setb @@rd,imm4           tccb cc,rbd
 353 pushl @@rd,rrs           setb addr(rd),imm4      test @@rd
 354 res @@rd,imm4            setb addr,imm4          test addr
 355 res addr(rd),imm4       setb rbd,imm4           test addr(rd)
 356 res addr,imm4           setb rbd,rs             test rd
 357 res rd,imm4             setflg imm4             testb @@rd
 358 res rd,rs               sinb rbd,imm16          testb addr
 359 resb @@rd,imm4           sinb rd,imm16           testb addr(rd)
 360 resb addr(rd),imm4      sind @@rd,@@rs,ra         testb rbd
 361 resb addr,imm4          sindb @@rd,@@rs,rba       testl @@rd
 362 resb rbd,imm4           sinib @@rd,@@rs,ra        testl addr
 363 resb rbd,rs             sinibr @@rd,@@rs,ra       testl addr(rd)
 364 resflg imm4             sla rd,imm8             testl rrd
 365 ret cc                  slab rbd,imm8           trdb @@rd,@@rs,rba
 366 rl rd,imm1or2           slal rrd,imm8           trdrb @@rd,@@rs,rba
 367 rlb rbd,imm1or2         sll rd,imm8             trib @@rd,@@rs,rbr
 368 rlc rd,imm1or2          sllb rbd,imm8           trirb @@rd,@@rs,rbr
 369 rlcb rbd,imm1or2        slll rrd,imm8           trtdrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr
 370 rldb rbb,rba            sout imm16,rs           trtib @@ra,@@rb,rr
 371 rr rd,imm1or2           soutb imm16,rbs         trtirb @@ra,@@rb,rbr
 372 rrb rbd,imm1or2         soutd @@rd,@@rs,ra        trtrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr
 373 rrc rd,imm1or2          soutdb @@rd,@@rs,rba      tset @@rd
 374 rrcb rbd,imm1or2        soutib @@rd,@@rs,ra       tset addr
 375 rrdb rbb,rba            soutibr @@rd,@@rs,ra      tset addr(rd)
 376 rsvd36                  sra rd,imm8             tset rd
 377 rsvd38                  srab rbd,imm8           tsetb @@rd
 378 rsvd78                  sral rrd,imm8           tsetb addr
 379 rsvd7e                  srl rd,imm8             tsetb addr(rd)
 380 rsvd9d                  srlb rbd,imm8           tsetb rbd
 381 rsvd9f                  srll rrd,imm8           xor rd,@@rs
 382 rsvdb9                  sub rd,@@rs              xor rd,addr
 383 rsvdbf                  sub rd,addr             xor rd,addr(rs)
 384 sbc rd,rs               sub rd,addr(rs)         xor rd,imm16
 385 sbcb rbd,rbs            sub rd,imm16            xor rd,rs
 386 sc imm8                 sub rd,rs               xorb rbd,@@rs
 387 sda rd,rs               subb rbd,@@rs            xorb rbd,addr
 388 sdab rbd,rs             subb rbd,addr           xorb rbd,addr(rs)
 389 sdal rrd,rs             subb rbd,addr(rs)       xorb rbd,imm8
 390 sdl rd,rs               subb rbd,imm8           xorb rbd,rbs
 391 sdlb rbd,rs             subb rbd,rbs            xorb rbd,rbs
 392 sdll rrd,rs             subl rrd,@@rs
 393 set @@rd,imm4            subl rrd,addr
 394 set addr(rd),imm4       subl rrd,addr(rs)
 395 @end smallexample
 396 @iftex
 397 @endgroup
 398 @end iftex
 399 @end ifset
 400