* gprof.h, gprof.c, printfgprof.c: Add support for two

[deliverable/binutils-gdb.git] / gprof / printgprof.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
 * provided that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright
 * notice and comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display
 * the following acknowledgement:  ``This product includes software
 * developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors''
 * in the documentation or other materials provided with the distribution
 * and in all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
 * software. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 * from this software without specific prior written permission.
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 */

#ifndef lint
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)printgprof.c        5.7 (Berkeley) 6/1/90";
#endif /* not lint */

#include "gprof.h"
#include <demangle.h>

printprof()
{
    register nltype     *np;
    nltype              **sortednlp;
    int                 index, timecmp();

    actime = 0.0;
    if ( bsd_style_output ) {
        printf( "\f\n" );
        if ( bflag) {
            printf( "\n\n\nflat profile:\n" );
            flat_blurb(stdout);
        }
    }
    else
        printf ("Flat profile:\n");
    flatprofheader();
        /*
         *      Sort the symbol table in by time
         */
    sortednlp = (nltype **) calloc( nname , sizeof(nltype *) );
    if ( sortednlp == (nltype **) 0 ) {
        fprintf( stderr , "[printprof] ran out of memory for time sorting\n" );
    }
    for ( index = 0 ; index < nname ; index += 1 ) {
        sortednlp[ index ] = &nl[ index ];
    }
    qsort( sortednlp , nname , sizeof(nltype *) , timecmp );
    for ( index = 0 ; index < nname ; index += 1 ) {
        np = sortednlp[ index ];
        flatprofline( np );
    }
    actime = 0.0;
    cfree( sortednlp );
    if ( bflag && !bsd_style_output ) {
        flat_blurb(stdout);
    }
}

timecmp( npp1 , npp2 )
    nltype **npp1, **npp2;
{
    double      timediff;
    long        calldiff;

    timediff = (*npp2) -> time - (*npp1) -> time;
    if ( timediff > 0.0 )
        return 1 ;
    if ( timediff < 0.0 )
        return -1;
    calldiff = (*npp2) -> ncall - (*npp1) -> ncall;
    if ( calldiff > 0 )
        return 1;
    if ( calldiff < 0 )
        return -1;
    return( strcmp( (*npp1) -> name , (*npp2) -> name ) );
}

    /*
     *  header for flatprofline
     */
flatprofheader()
{
    
    if (bsd_style_output) {
        printf( "\ngranularity: each sample hit covers %d byte(s)" ,
               (long) scale * sizeof(UNIT) );
        if ( totime > 0.0 ) {
            printf( " for %.2f%% of %.2f seconds\n\n" ,
                   100.0/totime , totime / hz );
        } else {
            printf( " no time accumulated\n\n" );
            /*
             *  this doesn't hurt since all the numerators will be zero.
             */
            totime = 1.0;
        }
    }
    else {
        printf( "\nEach sample counts as %g seconds.\n",
               1.0 / hz);
    }
    printf( "%5.5s %10.10s %8.8s %8.8s %8.8s %8.8s  %-8.8s\n" ,
            "%  " , "cumulative" , "self  " , "" , "self  " , "total " , "" );
    printf( "%5.5s %10.10s %8.8s %8.8s %8.8s %8.8s  %-8.8s\n" ,
            "time" , "seconds " , "seconds" , "calls" ,
            "ms/call" , "ms/call" , "name" );
}

flatprofline( np )
    register nltype     *np;
{

    if ( zflag == 0 && np -> ncall == 0 && np -> time == 0 ) {
        return;
    }
    actime += np -> time;
    if (bsd_style_output)
        printf( "%5.1f %10.2f %8.2f" ,
               100 * np -> time / totime , actime / hz , np -> time / hz );
    else
        printf( "%6.2f %9.2f %8.2f" ,
               100 * np -> time / totime , actime / hz , np -> time / hz );
    if ( np -> ncall != 0 ) {
        printf( " %8d %8.2f %8.2f  " , np -> ncall ,
            1000 * np -> time / hz / np -> ncall ,
            1000 * ( np -> time + np -> childtime ) / hz / np -> ncall );
    } else {
        printf( " %8.8s %8.8s %8.8s  " , "" , "" , "" );
    }
    if (bsd_style_output)
        printname( np );
    else
        printnameonly( np );
    printf( "\n" );
}

gprofheader()
{

    if (!bsd_style_output)
        if (bflag)
            printf ("\t\t     Call graph (explanation follows)\n\n");
        else
            printf ("\t\t\tCall graph\n\n");
    printf( "\ngranularity: each sample hit covers %d byte(s)" ,
            (long) scale * sizeof(UNIT) );
    if ( printtime > 0.0 ) {
        printf( " for %.2f%% of %.2f seconds\n\n" ,
                100.0/printtime , printtime / hz );
    } else {
        printf( " no time propagated\n\n" );
            /*
             *  this doesn't hurt, since all the numerators will be 0.0
             */
        printtime = 1.0;
    }
    if (bsd_style_output) {
        printf( "%6.6s %5.5s %7.7s %11.11s %7.7s/%-7.7s     %-8.8s\n" ,
               "" , "" , "" , "" , "called" , "total" , "parents");
        printf( "%-6.6s %5.5s %7.7s %11.11s %7.7s+%-7.7s %-8.8s\t%5.5s\n" ,
               "index" , "%time" , "self" , "descendents" ,
               "called" , "self" , "name" , "index" );
        printf( "%6.6s %5.5s %7.7s %11.11s %7.7s/%-7.7s     %-8.8s\n" ,
               "" , "" , "" , "" , "called" , "total" , "children");
        printf( "\n" );
    } else {
        printf( "index %% time    self  children    called     name\n" );
    }
}

gprofline( np )
    register nltype     *np;
{
    char        kirkbuffer[ BUFSIZ ];

    sprintf( kirkbuffer , "[%d]" , np -> index );
    printf(bsd_style_output
           ? "%-6.6s %5.1f %7.2f %11.2f"
           : "%-6.6s %5.1f %7.2f %7.2f" ,
           kirkbuffer ,
           100 * ( np -> propself + np -> propchild ) / printtime ,
           np -> propself / hz ,
           np -> propchild / hz );
    if ( ( np -> ncall + np -> selfcalls ) != 0 ) {
        printf( " %7d" , np -> ncall );
        if ( np -> selfcalls != 0 ) {
            printf( "+%-7d " , np -> selfcalls );
        } else {
            printf( " %7.7s " , "" );
        }
    } else {
        printf( " %7.7s %7.7s " , "" , "" );
    }
    printname( np );
    printf( "\n" );
}

printgprof(timesortnlp)
    nltype      **timesortnlp;
{
    int         index;
    nltype      *parentp;

        /*
         *      Print out the structured profiling list
         */
    if ( bflag && bsd_style_output ) {
        callg_blurb(stdout);
    }
    gprofheader();
    for ( index = 0 ; index < nname + ncycle ; index ++ ) {
        parentp = timesortnlp[ index ];
        if ( zflag == 0 &&
             parentp -> ncall == 0 &&
             parentp -> selfcalls == 0 &&
             parentp -> propself == 0 &&
             parentp -> propchild == 0 ) {
            continue;
        }
        if ( ! parentp -> printflag ) {
            continue;
        }
        if ( parentp -> name == 0 && parentp -> cycleno != 0 ) {
                /*
                 *      cycle header
                 */
            printcycle( parentp );
            printmembers( parentp );
        } else {
            printparents( parentp );
            gprofline( parentp );
            printchildren( parentp );
        }
        if (bsd_style_output)
            printf( "\n" );
        printf( "-----------------------------------------------\n" );
        if (bsd_style_output)
            printf( "\n" );
    }
    cfree( timesortnlp );
    if ( bflag && !bsd_style_output) {
        callg_blurb(stdout);
    }
}

    /*
     *  sort by decreasing propagated time
     *  if times are equal, but one is a cycle header,
     *          say that's first (e.g. less, i.e. -1).
     *  if one's name doesn't have an underscore and the other does,
     *          say the one is first.
     *  all else being equal, sort by names.
     */
int
totalcmp( npp1 , npp2 )
    nltype      **npp1;
    nltype      **npp2;
{
    register nltype     *np1 = *npp1;
    register nltype     *np2 = *npp2;
    double              diff;

    diff =    ( np1 -> propself + np1 -> propchild )
            - ( np2 -> propself + np2 -> propchild );
    if ( diff < 0.0 )
            return 1;
    if ( diff > 0.0 )
            return -1;
    if ( np1 -> name == 0 && np1 -> cycleno != 0 ) 
        return -1;
    if ( np2 -> name == 0 && np2 -> cycleno != 0 )
        return 1;
    if ( np1 -> name == 0 )
        return -1;
    if ( np2 -> name == 0 )
        return 1;
    if ( *(np1 -> name) != '_' && *(np2 -> name) == '_' )
        return -1;
    if ( *(np1 -> name) == '_' && *(np2 -> name) != '_' )
        return 1;
    if ( np1 -> ncall > np2 -> ncall )
        return -1;
    if ( np1 -> ncall < np2 -> ncall ) 
        return 1;
    return strcmp( np1 -> name , np2 -> name );
}

printparents( childp )
    nltype      *childp;
{
    nltype      *parentp;
    arctype     *arcp;
    nltype      *cycleheadp;

    if ( childp -> cyclehead != 0 ) {
        cycleheadp = childp -> cyclehead;
    } else {
        cycleheadp = childp;
    }
    if ( childp -> parents == 0 ) {
        printf(bsd_style_output 
               ? "%6.6s %5.5s %7.7s %11.11s %7.7s %7.7s     <spontaneous>\n"
               : "%6.6s %5.5s %7.7s %7.7s %7.7s %7.7s     <spontaneous>\n" ,
                "" , "" , "" , "" , "" , "" );
        return;
    }
    sortparents( childp );
    for ( arcp = childp -> parents ; arcp ; arcp = arcp -> arc_parentlist ) {
        parentp = arcp -> arc_parentp;
        if ( childp == parentp ||
             ( childp->cycleno != 0 && parentp->cycleno == childp->cycleno ) ) {
                /*
                 *      selfcall or call among siblings
                 */
            printf(bsd_style_output
                   ? "%6.6s %5.5s %7.7s %11.11s %7d %7.7s     "
                   : "%6.6s %5.5s %7.7s %7.7s %7d %7.7s     " ,
                    "" , "" , "" , "" ,
                    arcp -> arc_count , "" );
            printname( parentp );
            printf( "\n" );
        } else {
                /*
                 *      regular parent of child
                 */
            printf(bsd_style_output
                   ? "%6.6s %5.5s %7.2f %11.2f %7d/%-7d     "
                   : "%6.6s %5.5s %7.2f %7.2f %7d/%-7d     ",
                    "" , "" ,
                    arcp -> arc_time / hz , arcp -> arc_childtime / hz ,
                    arcp -> arc_count , cycleheadp -> ncall );
            printname( parentp );
            printf( "\n" );
        }
    }
}

printchildren( parentp )
    nltype      *parentp;
{
    nltype      *childp;
    arctype     *arcp;

    sortchildren( parentp );
    arcp = parentp -> children;
    for ( arcp = parentp -> children ; arcp ; arcp = arcp -> arc_childlist ) {
        childp = arcp -> arc_childp;
        if ( childp == parentp ||
            ( childp->cycleno != 0 && childp->cycleno == parentp->cycleno ) ) {
                /*
                 *      self call or call to sibling
                 */
            printf(bsd_style_output
                   ? "%6.6s %5.5s %7.7s %11.11s %7d %7.7s     "
                   : "%6.6s %5.5s %7.7s %7.7s %7d %7.7s     " ,
                   "" , "" , "" , "" , arcp -> arc_count , "" );
            printname( childp );
            printf( "\n" );
        } else {
                /*
                 *      regular child of parent
                 */
            printf(bsd_style_output
                   ? "%6.6s %5.5s %7.2f %11.2f %7d/%-7d     "
                   : "%6.6s %5.5s %7.2f %7.2f %7d/%-7d     " ,
                   "" , "" ,
                   arcp -> arc_time / hz , arcp -> arc_childtime / hz ,
                   arcp -> arc_count , childp -> cyclehead -> ncall );
            printname( childp );
            printf( "\n" );
        }
    }
}

/* Print name of symbol.  Return number of characters printed. */

int
printnameonly ( selfp )
    nltype      *selfp;
{
    int size = 0;
    CONST char *name = selfp->name;
    if (name != NULL) {
        char *demangled = NULL;
        if (!bsd_style_output) {
            if (name[0] == '_' && name[1] && discard_underscores)
                name++;
            demangled = cplus_demangle (name, DMGL_ANSI|DMGL_PARAMS);
            if (demangled)
                name = demangled;
        }
        printf( "%s" , name );
        size = strlen (name);
        if (demangled)
            free (demangled);
#ifdef DEBUG
        if ( debug & DFNDEBUG ) {
            printf( "{%d} " , selfp -> toporder );
        }
        if ( debug & PROPDEBUG ) {
            printf( "%5.2f%% " , selfp -> propfraction );
        }
#endif DEBUG
    }
    return size;
}

printname( selfp )
    nltype      *selfp;
{
    printnameonly (selfp);

    if ( selfp -> cycleno != 0 ) {
        printf( " <cycle %d>" , selfp -> cycleno );
    }
    if ( selfp -> index != 0 ) {
        if ( selfp -> printflag ) {
            printf( " [%d]" , selfp -> index );
        } else {
            printf( " (%d)" , selfp -> index );
        }
    }
}

sortchildren( parentp )
    nltype      *parentp;
{
    arctype     *arcp;
    arctype     *detachedp;
    arctype     sorted;
    arctype     *prevp;

        /*
         *      unlink children from parent,
         *      then insertion sort back on to sorted's children.
         *          *arcp       the arc you have detached and are inserting.
         *          *detachedp  the rest of the arcs to be sorted.
         *          sorted      arc list onto which you insertion sort.
         *          *prevp      arc before the arc you are comparing.
         */
    sorted.arc_childlist = 0;
    for (  (arcp = parentp -> children)&&(detachedp = arcp -> arc_childlist);
            arcp ;
           (arcp = detachedp)&&(detachedp = detachedp -> arc_childlist)) {
            /*
             *  consider *arcp as disconnected
             *  insert it into sorted
             */
        for (   prevp = &sorted ;
                prevp -> arc_childlist ;
                prevp = prevp -> arc_childlist ) {
            if ( arccmp( arcp , prevp -> arc_childlist ) != LESSTHAN ) {
                break;
            }
        }
        arcp -> arc_childlist = prevp -> arc_childlist;
        prevp -> arc_childlist = arcp;
    }
        /*
         *      reattach sorted children to parent
         */
    parentp -> children = sorted.arc_childlist;
}

sortparents( childp )
    nltype      *childp;
{
    arctype     *arcp;
    arctype     *detachedp;
    arctype     sorted;
    arctype     *prevp;

        /*
         *      unlink parents from child,
         *      then insertion sort back on to sorted's parents.
         *          *arcp       the arc you have detached and are inserting.
         *          *detachedp  the rest of the arcs to be sorted.
         *          sorted      arc list onto which you insertion sort.
         *          *prevp      arc before the arc you are comparing.
         */
    sorted.arc_parentlist = 0;
    for (  (arcp = childp -> parents)&&(detachedp = arcp -> arc_parentlist);
            arcp ;
           (arcp = detachedp)&&(detachedp = detachedp -> arc_parentlist)) {
            /*
             *  consider *arcp as disconnected
             *  insert it into sorted
             */
        for (   prevp = &sorted ;
                prevp -> arc_parentlist ;
                prevp = prevp -> arc_parentlist ) {
            if ( arccmp( arcp , prevp -> arc_parentlist ) != GREATERTHAN ) {
                break;
            }
        }
        arcp -> arc_parentlist = prevp -> arc_parentlist;
        prevp -> arc_parentlist = arcp;
    }
        /*
         *      reattach sorted arcs to child
         */
    childp -> parents = sorted.arc_parentlist;
}

    /*
     *  print a cycle header
     */
printcycle( cyclep )
    nltype      *cyclep;
{
    char        kirkbuffer[ BUFSIZ ];

    sprintf( kirkbuffer , "[%d]" , cyclep -> index );
    printf( "%-6.6s %5.1f %7.2f %11.2f %7d" ,
            kirkbuffer ,
            100 * ( cyclep -> propself + cyclep -> propchild ) / printtime ,
            cyclep -> propself / hz ,
            cyclep -> propchild / hz ,
            cyclep -> ncall );
    if ( cyclep -> selfcalls != 0 ) {
        printf( "+%-7d" , cyclep -> selfcalls );
    } else {
        printf( " %7.7s" , "" );
    }
    printf( " <cycle %d as a whole>\t[%d]\n" ,
            cyclep -> cycleno , cyclep -> index );
}

    /*
     *  print the members of a cycle
     */
printmembers( cyclep )
    nltype      *cyclep;
{
    nltype      *memberp;

    sortmembers( cyclep );
    for ( memberp = cyclep -> cnext ; memberp ; memberp = memberp -> cnext ) {
        printf( "%6.6s %5.5s %7.2f %11.2f %7d" , 
                "" , "" , memberp -> propself / hz , memberp -> propchild / hz ,
                memberp -> ncall );
        if ( memberp -> selfcalls != 0 ) {
            printf( "+%-7d" , memberp -> selfcalls );
        } else {
            printf( " %7.7s" , "" );
        }
        printf( "     " );
        printname( memberp );
        printf( "\n" );
    }
}

    /*
     *  sort members of a cycle
     */
sortmembers( cyclep )
    nltype      *cyclep;
{
    nltype      *todo;
    nltype      *doing;
    nltype      *prev;

        /*
         *      detach cycle members from cyclehead,
         *      and insertion sort them back on.
         */
    todo = cyclep -> cnext;
    cyclep -> cnext = 0;
    for (  (doing = todo)&&(todo = doing -> cnext);
            doing ;
           (doing = todo )&&(todo = doing -> cnext )){
        for ( prev = cyclep ; prev -> cnext ; prev = prev -> cnext ) {
            if ( membercmp( doing , prev -> cnext ) == GREATERTHAN ) {
                break;
            }
        }
        doing -> cnext = prev -> cnext;
        prev -> cnext = doing;
    }
}

    /*
     *  major sort is on propself + propchild,
     *  next is sort on ncalls + selfcalls.
     */
int
membercmp( this , that )
    nltype      *this;
    nltype      *that;
{
    double      thistime = this -> propself + this -> propchild;
    double      thattime = that -> propself + that -> propchild;
    long        thiscalls = this -> ncall + this -> selfcalls;
    long        thatcalls = that -> ncall + that -> selfcalls;

    if ( thistime > thattime ) {
        return GREATERTHAN;
    }
    if ( thistime < thattime ) {
        return LESSTHAN;
    }
    if ( thiscalls > thatcalls ) {
        return GREATERTHAN;
    }
    if ( thiscalls < thatcalls ) {
        return LESSTHAN;
    }
    return EQUALTO;
}
    /*
     *  compare two arcs to/from the same child/parent.
     *  - if one arc is a self arc, it's least.
     *  - if one arc is within a cycle, it's less than.
     *  - if both arcs are within a cycle, compare arc counts.
     *  - if neither arc is within a cycle, compare with
     *          arc_time + arc_childtime as major key
     *          arc count as minor key
     */
int
arccmp( thisp , thatp )
    arctype     *thisp;
    arctype     *thatp;
{
    nltype      *thisparentp = thisp -> arc_parentp;
    nltype      *thischildp = thisp -> arc_childp;
    nltype      *thatparentp = thatp -> arc_parentp;
    nltype      *thatchildp = thatp -> arc_childp;
    double      thistime;
    double      thattime;

#   ifdef DEBUG
        if ( debug & TIMEDEBUG ) {
            printf( "[arccmp] " );
            printname( thisparentp );
            printf( " calls " );
            printname ( thischildp );
            printf( " %f + %f %d/%d\n" ,
                    thisp -> arc_time , thisp -> arc_childtime ,
                    thisp -> arc_count , thischildp -> ncall );
            printf( "[arccmp] " );
            printname( thatparentp );
            printf( " calls " );
            printname( thatchildp );
            printf( " %f + %f %d/%d\n" ,
                    thatp -> arc_time , thatp -> arc_childtime ,
                    thatp -> arc_count , thatchildp -> ncall );
            printf( "\n" );
        }
#   endif DEBUG
    if ( thisparentp == thischildp ) {
            /* this is a self call */
        return LESSTHAN;
    }
    if ( thatparentp == thatchildp ) {
            /* that is a self call */
        return GREATERTHAN;
    }
    if ( thisparentp -> cycleno != 0 && thischildp -> cycleno != 0 &&
        thisparentp -> cycleno == thischildp -> cycleno ) {
            /* this is a call within a cycle */
        if ( thatparentp -> cycleno != 0 && thatchildp -> cycleno != 0 &&
            thatparentp -> cycleno == thatchildp -> cycleno ) {
                /* that is a call within the cycle, too */
            if ( thisp -> arc_count < thatp -> arc_count ) {
                return LESSTHAN;
            }
            if ( thisp -> arc_count > thatp -> arc_count ) {
                return GREATERTHAN;
            }
            return EQUALTO;
        } else {
                /* that isn't a call within the cycle */
            return LESSTHAN;
        }
    } else {
            /* this isn't a call within a cycle */
        if ( thatparentp -> cycleno != 0 && thatchildp -> cycleno != 0 &&
            thatparentp -> cycleno == thatchildp -> cycleno ) {
                /* that is a call within a cycle */
            return GREATERTHAN;
        } else {
                /* neither is a call within a cycle */
            thistime = thisp -> arc_time + thisp -> arc_childtime;
            thattime = thatp -> arc_time + thatp -> arc_childtime;
            if ( thistime < thattime )
                return LESSTHAN;
            if ( thistime > thattime )
                return GREATERTHAN;
            if ( thisp -> arc_count < thatp -> arc_count )
                return LESSTHAN;
            if ( thisp -> arc_count > thatp -> arc_count )
                return GREATERTHAN;
            return EQUALTO;
        }
    }
}

int
namecmp( npp1 , npp2 )
    nltype **npp1, **npp2;
{
    return( strcmp( (*npp1) -> name , (*npp2) -> name ) );
}

printindex()
{
    nltype              **namesortnlp;
    register nltype     *nlp;
    int                 index, nnames, todo, i, j;
    char                peterbuffer[20];

        /*
         *      Now, sort regular function name alphbetically
         *      to create an index.
         */
    namesortnlp = (nltype **) calloc( nname + ncycle , sizeof(nltype *) );
    if ( namesortnlp == (nltype **) 0 ) {
        fprintf( stderr , "%s: ran out of memory for sorting\n" , whoami );
    }
    for ( index = 0 , nnames = 0 ; index < nname ; index++ ) {
        if ( zflag == 0 && nl[index].ncall == 0 && nl[index].time == 0 )
                continue;
        namesortnlp[nnames++] = &nl[index];
    }
    qsort( namesortnlp , nnames , sizeof(nltype *) , namecmp );
    for ( index = 1 , todo = nnames ; index <= ncycle ; index++ ) {
        namesortnlp[todo++] = &cyclenl[index];
    }
    printf( "\f\nIndex by function name\n\n" );
    index = ( todo + 2 ) / 3;
    for ( i = 0; i < index ; i++ ) {
        for ( j = i; j < todo ; j += index ) {
            nlp = namesortnlp[ j ];
            if ( nlp -> printflag ) {
                sprintf( peterbuffer , "[%d]" , nlp -> index );
            } else {
                sprintf( peterbuffer , "(%d)" , nlp -> index );
            }
            if ( j < nnames ) {
                printf( "%6.6s " , peterbuffer );
                if (bsd_style_output)
                    printf ("%-19.19s" , nlp->name);
                else {
                    int size = printnameonly(nlp);
                    for ( ; size < 19; size++) putchar(' ');
                }
            } else {
                printf( "%6.6s " , peterbuffer );
                sprintf( peterbuffer , "<cycle %d>" , nlp -> cycleno );
                printf( "%-19.19s" , peterbuffer );
            }
        }
        printf( "\n" );
    }
    cfree( namesortnlp );
}

PTR
xmalloc (size)
     long size;
{
    PTR val = malloc (size);
    if (val == NULL) {
        fprintf (stderr, "virtual memory exhaused\n");
        exit (1);
    }
    return val;
}

PTR
xrealloc (oldval, size)
     PTR oldval;
     long size;
{
    PTR val = realloc (oldval, size);
    if (val == NULL) {
        fprintf (stderr, "virtual memory exhaused\n");
        exit (1);
    }
    return val;
}