4 * BSD Process Accounting for Linux
6 * Author: Marco van Wieringen <mvw@planets.elm.net>
8 * Some code based on ideas and code from:
9 * Thomas K. Dyas <tdyas@eden.rutgers.edu>
11 * This file implements BSD-style process accounting. Whenever any
12 * process exits, an accounting record of type "struct acct" is
13 * written to the file specified with the acct() system call. It is
14 * up to user-level programs to do useful things with the accounting
15 * log. The kernel just provides the raw accounting information.
17 * (C) Copyright 1995 - 1997 Marco van Wieringen - ELM Consultancy B.V.
19 * Plugged two leaks. 1) It didn't return acct_file into the free_filps if
20 * the file happened to be read-only. 2) If the accounting was suspended
21 * due to the lack of space it happily allowed to reopen it and completely
22 * lost the old acct_file. 3/10/98, Al Viro.
24 * Now we silently close acct_file on attempt to reopen. Cleaned sys_acct().
25 * XTerms and EMACS are manifestations of pure evil. 21/10/98, AV.
27 * Fixed a nasty interaction with with sys_umount(). If the accointing
28 * was suspeneded we failed to stop it on umount(). Messy.
29 * Another one: remount to readonly didn't stop accounting.
30 * Question: what should we do if we have CAP_SYS_ADMIN but not
31 * CAP_SYS_PACCT? Current code does the following: umount returns -EBUSY
32 * unless we are messing with the root. In that case we are getting a
33 * real mess with do_remount_sb(). 9/11/98, AV.
35 * Fixed a bunch of races (and pair of leaks). Probably not the best way,
36 * but this one obviously doesn't introduce deadlocks. Later. BTW, found
37 * one race (and leak) in BSD implementation.
38 * OK, that's better. ANOTHER race and leak in BSD variant. There always
39 * is one more bug... 10/11/98, AV.
41 * Oh, fsck... Oopsable SMP race in do_process_acct() - we must hold
42 * ->mmap_sem to walk the vma list of current->mm. Nasty, since it leaks
43 * a struct file opened for write. Fixed. 2/6/2000, AV.
47 #include <linux/slab.h>
48 #include <linux/acct.h>
49 #include <linux/capability.h>
50 #include <linux/file.h>
51 #include <linux/tty.h>
52 #include <linux/security.h>
53 #include <linux/vfs.h>
54 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
55 #include <linux/times.h>
56 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
57 #include <linux/mount.h>
58 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
59 #include <asm/div64.h>
60 #include <linux/blkdev.h> /* sector_div */
61 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
64 * These constants control the amount of freespace that suspend and
65 * resume the process accounting system, and the time delay between
67 * Turned into sysctl-controllable parameters. AV, 12/11/98
70 int acct_parm
[3] = {4, 2, 30};
71 #define RESUME (acct_parm[0]) /* >foo% free space - resume */
72 #define SUSPEND (acct_parm[1]) /* <foo% free space - suspend */
73 #define ACCT_TIMEOUT (acct_parm[2]) /* foo second timeout between checks */
76 * External references and all of the globals.
78 static void do_acct_process(struct bsd_acct_struct
*acct
,
79 struct pid_namespace
*ns
, struct file
*);
82 * This structure is used so that all the data protected by lock
83 * can be placed in the same cache line as the lock. This primes
84 * the cache line to have the data after getting the lock.
86 struct bsd_acct_struct
{
88 volatile int needcheck
;
90 struct pid_namespace
*ns
;
91 struct timer_list timer
;
92 struct list_head list
;
95 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(acct_lock
);
96 static LIST_HEAD(acct_list
);
99 * Called whenever the timer says to check the free space.
101 static void acct_timeout(unsigned long x
)
103 struct bsd_acct_struct
*acct
= (struct bsd_acct_struct
*)x
;
108 * Check the amount of free space and suspend/resume accordingly.
110 static int check_free_space(struct bsd_acct_struct
*acct
, struct file
*file
)
118 spin_lock(&acct_lock
);
120 if (!file
|| !acct
->needcheck
)
122 spin_unlock(&acct_lock
);
125 if (vfs_statfs(file
->f_path
.dentry
, &sbuf
))
127 suspend
= sbuf
.f_blocks
* SUSPEND
;
128 resume
= sbuf
.f_blocks
* RESUME
;
130 sector_div(suspend
, 100);
131 sector_div(resume
, 100);
133 if (sbuf
.f_bavail
<= suspend
)
135 else if (sbuf
.f_bavail
>= resume
)
141 * If some joker switched acct->file under us we'ld better be
142 * silent and _not_ touch anything.
144 spin_lock(&acct_lock
);
145 if (file
!= acct
->file
) {
154 printk(KERN_INFO
"Process accounting paused\n");
159 printk(KERN_INFO
"Process accounting resumed\n");
163 del_timer(&acct
->timer
);
165 acct
->timer
.expires
= jiffies
+ ACCT_TIMEOUT
*HZ
;
166 add_timer(&acct
->timer
);
169 spin_unlock(&acct_lock
);
174 * Close the old accounting file (if currently open) and then replace
175 * it with file (if non-NULL).
177 * NOTE: acct_lock MUST be held on entry and exit.
179 static void acct_file_reopen(struct bsd_acct_struct
*acct
, struct file
*file
,
180 struct pid_namespace
*ns
)
182 struct file
*old_acct
= NULL
;
183 struct pid_namespace
*old_ns
= NULL
;
186 old_acct
= acct
->file
;
188 del_timer(&acct
->timer
);
193 list_del(&acct
->list
);
200 list_add(&acct
->list
, &acct_list
);
201 /* It's been deleted if it was used before so this is safe */
202 setup_timer(&acct
->timer
, acct_timeout
, (unsigned long)acct
);
203 acct
->timer
.expires
= jiffies
+ ACCT_TIMEOUT
*HZ
;
204 add_timer(&acct
->timer
);
207 mnt_unpin(old_acct
->f_path
.mnt
);
208 spin_unlock(&acct_lock
);
209 do_acct_process(acct
, old_ns
, old_acct
);
210 filp_close(old_acct
, NULL
);
211 spin_lock(&acct_lock
);
215 static int acct_on(char *name
)
219 struct pid_namespace
*ns
;
220 struct bsd_acct_struct
*acct
= NULL
;
222 /* Difference from BSD - they don't do O_APPEND */
223 file
= filp_open(name
, O_WRONLY
|O_APPEND
|O_LARGEFILE
, 0);
225 return PTR_ERR(file
);
227 if (!S_ISREG(file
->f_path
.dentry
->d_inode
->i_mode
)) {
228 filp_close(file
, NULL
);
232 if (!file
->f_op
->write
) {
233 filp_close(file
, NULL
);
237 ns
= task_active_pid_ns(current
);
238 if (ns
->bacct
== NULL
) {
239 acct
= kzalloc(sizeof(struct bsd_acct_struct
), GFP_KERNEL
);
241 filp_close(file
, NULL
);
246 error
= security_acct(file
);
249 filp_close(file
, NULL
);
253 spin_lock(&acct_lock
);
254 if (ns
->bacct
== NULL
) {
259 mnt_pin(file
->f_path
.mnt
);
260 acct_file_reopen(ns
->bacct
, file
, ns
);
261 spin_unlock(&acct_lock
);
263 mntput(file
->f_path
.mnt
); /* it's pinned, now give up active reference */
270 * sys_acct - enable/disable process accounting
271 * @name: file name for accounting records or NULL to shutdown accounting
273 * Returns 0 for success or negative errno values for failure.
275 * sys_acct() is the only system call needed to implement process
276 * accounting. It takes the name of the file where accounting records
277 * should be written. If the filename is NULL, accounting will be
280 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(acct
, const char __user
*, name
)
284 if (!capable(CAP_SYS_PACCT
))
288 char *tmp
= getname(name
);
290 return (PTR_ERR(tmp
));
291 error
= acct_on(tmp
);
294 struct bsd_acct_struct
*acct
;
296 acct
= task_active_pid_ns(current
)->bacct
;
300 error
= security_acct(NULL
);
302 spin_lock(&acct_lock
);
303 acct_file_reopen(acct
, NULL
, NULL
);
304 spin_unlock(&acct_lock
);
311 * acct_auto_close - turn off a filesystem's accounting if it is on
312 * @m: vfsmount being shut down
314 * If the accounting is turned on for a file in the subtree pointed to
315 * to by m, turn accounting off. Done when m is about to die.
317 void acct_auto_close_mnt(struct vfsmount
*m
)
319 struct bsd_acct_struct
*acct
;
321 spin_lock(&acct_lock
);
323 list_for_each_entry(acct
, &acct_list
, list
)
324 if (acct
->file
&& acct
->file
->f_path
.mnt
== m
) {
325 acct_file_reopen(acct
, NULL
, NULL
);
328 spin_unlock(&acct_lock
);
332 * acct_auto_close - turn off a filesystem's accounting if it is on
333 * @sb: super block for the filesystem
335 * If the accounting is turned on for a file in the filesystem pointed
336 * to by sb, turn accounting off.
338 void acct_auto_close(struct super_block
*sb
)
340 struct bsd_acct_struct
*acct
;
342 spin_lock(&acct_lock
);
344 list_for_each_entry(acct
, &acct_list
, list
)
345 if (acct
->file
&& acct
->file
->f_path
.mnt
->mnt_sb
== sb
) {
346 acct_file_reopen(acct
, NULL
, NULL
);
349 spin_unlock(&acct_lock
);
352 void acct_exit_ns(struct pid_namespace
*ns
)
354 struct bsd_acct_struct
*acct
;
356 spin_lock(&acct_lock
);
359 if (acct
->file
!= NULL
)
360 acct_file_reopen(acct
, NULL
, NULL
);
364 spin_unlock(&acct_lock
);
368 * encode an unsigned long into a comp_t
370 * This routine has been adopted from the encode_comp_t() function in
371 * the kern_acct.c file of the FreeBSD operating system. The encoding
372 * is a 13-bit fraction with a 3-bit (base 8) exponent.
375 #define MANTSIZE 13 /* 13 bit mantissa. */
376 #define EXPSIZE 3 /* Base 8 (3 bit) exponent. */
377 #define MAXFRACT ((1 << MANTSIZE) - 1) /* Maximum fractional value. */
379 static comp_t
encode_comp_t(unsigned long value
)
384 while (value
> MAXFRACT
) {
385 rnd
= value
& (1 << (EXPSIZE
- 1)); /* Round up? */
386 value
>>= EXPSIZE
; /* Base 8 exponent == 3 bit shift. */
391 * If we need to round up, do it (and handle overflow correctly).
393 if (rnd
&& (++value
> MAXFRACT
)) {
399 * Clean it up and polish it off.
401 exp
<<= MANTSIZE
; /* Shift the exponent into place */
402 exp
+= value
; /* and add on the mantissa. */
406 #if ACCT_VERSION==1 || ACCT_VERSION==2
408 * encode an u64 into a comp2_t (24 bits)
410 * Format: 5 bit base 2 exponent, 20 bits mantissa.
411 * The leading bit of the mantissa is not stored, but implied for
412 * non-zero exponents.
413 * Largest encodable value is 50 bits.
416 #define MANTSIZE2 20 /* 20 bit mantissa. */
417 #define EXPSIZE2 5 /* 5 bit base 2 exponent. */
418 #define MAXFRACT2 ((1ul << MANTSIZE2) - 1) /* Maximum fractional value. */
419 #define MAXEXP2 ((1 <<EXPSIZE2) - 1) /* Maximum exponent. */
421 static comp2_t
encode_comp2_t(u64 value
)
425 exp
= (value
> (MAXFRACT2
>>1));
427 while (value
> MAXFRACT2
) {
434 * If we need to round up, do it (and handle overflow correctly).
436 if (rnd
&& (++value
> MAXFRACT2
)) {
442 /* Overflow. Return largest representable number instead. */
443 return (1ul << (MANTSIZE2
+EXPSIZE2
-1)) - 1;
445 return (value
& (MAXFRACT2
>>1)) | (exp
<< (MANTSIZE2
-1));
452 * encode an u64 into a 32 bit IEEE float
454 static u32
encode_float(u64 value
)
459 if (value
==0) return 0;
460 while ((s64
)value
> 0){
464 u
= (u32
)(value
>> 40) & 0x7fffffu
;
465 return u
| (exp
<< 23);
470 * Write an accounting entry for an exiting process
472 * The acct_process() call is the workhorse of the process
473 * accounting system. The struct acct is built here and then written
474 * into the accounting file. This function should only be called from
475 * do_exit() or when switching to a different output file.
479 * do_acct_process does all actual work. Caller holds the reference to file.
481 static void do_acct_process(struct bsd_acct_struct
*acct
,
482 struct pid_namespace
*ns
, struct file
*file
)
484 struct pacct_struct
*pacct
= ¤t
->signal
->pacct
;
490 struct timespec uptime
;
491 struct tty_struct
*tty
;
494 * First check to see if there is enough free_space to continue
495 * the process accounting system.
497 if (!check_free_space(acct
, file
))
501 * Fill the accounting struct with the needed info as recorded
502 * by the different kernel functions.
504 memset((caddr_t
)&ac
, 0, sizeof(acct_t
));
506 ac
.ac_version
= ACCT_VERSION
| ACCT_BYTEORDER
;
507 strlcpy(ac
.ac_comm
, current
->comm
, sizeof(ac
.ac_comm
));
509 /* calculate run_time in nsec*/
510 do_posix_clock_monotonic_gettime(&uptime
);
511 run_time
= (u64
)uptime
.tv_sec
*NSEC_PER_SEC
+ uptime
.tv_nsec
;
512 run_time
-= (u64
)current
->group_leader
->start_time
.tv_sec
* NSEC_PER_SEC
513 + current
->group_leader
->start_time
.tv_nsec
;
514 /* convert nsec -> AHZ */
515 elapsed
= nsec_to_AHZ(run_time
);
517 ac
.ac_etime
= encode_float(elapsed
);
519 ac
.ac_etime
= encode_comp_t(elapsed
< (unsigned long) -1l ?
520 (unsigned long) elapsed
: (unsigned long) -1l);
522 #if ACCT_VERSION==1 || ACCT_VERSION==2
524 /* new enlarged etime field */
525 comp2_t etime
= encode_comp2_t(elapsed
);
526 ac
.ac_etime_hi
= etime
>> 16;
527 ac
.ac_etime_lo
= (u16
) etime
;
530 do_div(elapsed
, AHZ
);
531 ac
.ac_btime
= get_seconds() - elapsed
;
532 /* we really need to bite the bullet and change layout */
533 current_uid_gid(&ac
.ac_uid
, &ac
.ac_gid
);
537 #if ACCT_VERSION==1 || ACCT_VERSION==2
538 /* backward-compatible 16 bit fields */
539 ac
.ac_uid16
= ac
.ac_uid
;
540 ac
.ac_gid16
= ac
.ac_gid
;
543 ac
.ac_pid
= task_tgid_nr_ns(current
, ns
);
545 ac
.ac_ppid
= task_tgid_nr_ns(rcu_dereference(current
->real_parent
), ns
);
549 spin_lock_irq(¤t
->sighand
->siglock
);
550 tty
= current
->signal
->tty
; /* Safe as we hold the siglock */
551 ac
.ac_tty
= tty
? old_encode_dev(tty_devnum(tty
)) : 0;
552 ac
.ac_utime
= encode_comp_t(jiffies_to_AHZ(cputime_to_jiffies(pacct
->ac_utime
)));
553 ac
.ac_stime
= encode_comp_t(jiffies_to_AHZ(cputime_to_jiffies(pacct
->ac_stime
)));
554 ac
.ac_flag
= pacct
->ac_flag
;
555 ac
.ac_mem
= encode_comp_t(pacct
->ac_mem
);
556 ac
.ac_minflt
= encode_comp_t(pacct
->ac_minflt
);
557 ac
.ac_majflt
= encode_comp_t(pacct
->ac_majflt
);
558 ac
.ac_exitcode
= pacct
->ac_exitcode
;
559 spin_unlock_irq(¤t
->sighand
->siglock
);
560 ac
.ac_io
= encode_comp_t(0 /* current->io_usage */); /* %% */
561 ac
.ac_rw
= encode_comp_t(ac
.ac_io
/ 1024);
562 ac
.ac_swaps
= encode_comp_t(0);
565 * Kernel segment override to datasegment and write it
566 * to the accounting file.
571 * Accounting records are not subject to resource limits.
573 flim
= current
->signal
->rlim
[RLIMIT_FSIZE
].rlim_cur
;
574 current
->signal
->rlim
[RLIMIT_FSIZE
].rlim_cur
= RLIM_INFINITY
;
575 file
->f_op
->write(file
, (char *)&ac
,
576 sizeof(acct_t
), &file
->f_pos
);
577 current
->signal
->rlim
[RLIMIT_FSIZE
].rlim_cur
= flim
;
582 * acct_init_pacct - initialize a new pacct_struct
583 * @pacct: per-process accounting info struct to initialize
585 void acct_init_pacct(struct pacct_struct
*pacct
)
587 memset(pacct
, 0, sizeof(struct pacct_struct
));
588 pacct
->ac_utime
= pacct
->ac_stime
= cputime_zero
;
592 * acct_collect - collect accounting information into pacct_struct
593 * @exitcode: task exit code
594 * @group_dead: not 0, if this thread is the last one in the process.
596 void acct_collect(long exitcode
, int group_dead
)
598 struct pacct_struct
*pacct
= ¤t
->signal
->pacct
;
599 unsigned long vsize
= 0;
601 if (group_dead
&& current
->mm
) {
602 struct vm_area_struct
*vma
;
603 down_read(¤t
->mm
->mmap_sem
);
604 vma
= current
->mm
->mmap
;
606 vsize
+= vma
->vm_end
- vma
->vm_start
;
609 up_read(¤t
->mm
->mmap_sem
);
612 spin_lock_irq(¤t
->sighand
->siglock
);
614 pacct
->ac_mem
= vsize
/ 1024;
615 if (thread_group_leader(current
)) {
616 pacct
->ac_exitcode
= exitcode
;
617 if (current
->flags
& PF_FORKNOEXEC
)
618 pacct
->ac_flag
|= AFORK
;
620 if (current
->flags
& PF_SUPERPRIV
)
621 pacct
->ac_flag
|= ASU
;
622 if (current
->flags
& PF_DUMPCORE
)
623 pacct
->ac_flag
|= ACORE
;
624 if (current
->flags
& PF_SIGNALED
)
625 pacct
->ac_flag
|= AXSIG
;
626 pacct
->ac_utime
= cputime_add(pacct
->ac_utime
, current
->utime
);
627 pacct
->ac_stime
= cputime_add(pacct
->ac_stime
, current
->stime
);
628 pacct
->ac_minflt
+= current
->min_flt
;
629 pacct
->ac_majflt
+= current
->maj_flt
;
630 spin_unlock_irq(¤t
->sighand
->siglock
);
633 static void acct_process_in_ns(struct pid_namespace
*ns
)
635 struct file
*file
= NULL
;
636 struct bsd_acct_struct
*acct
;
640 * accelerate the common fastpath:
642 if (!acct
|| !acct
->file
)
645 spin_lock(&acct_lock
);
647 if (unlikely(!file
)) {
648 spin_unlock(&acct_lock
);
652 spin_unlock(&acct_lock
);
654 do_acct_process(acct
, ns
, file
);
659 * acct_process - now just a wrapper around acct_process_in_ns,
660 * which in turn is a wrapper around do_acct_process.
662 * handles process accounting for an exiting task
664 void acct_process(void)
666 struct pid_namespace
*ns
;
669 * This loop is safe lockless, since current is still
670 * alive and holds its namespace, which in turn holds
673 for (ns
= task_active_pid_ns(current
); ns
!= NULL
; ns
= ns
->parent
)
674 acct_process_in_ns(ns
);
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