uprobes: Fix the memory out of bound overwrite in copy_insn()

[deliverable/linux.git] / kernel / events / uprobes.c

/*
 * User-space Probes (UProbes)
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 *
 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2008-2012
 * Authors:
 *      Srikar Dronamraju
 *      Jim Keniston
 * Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Red Hat, Inc., Peter Zijlstra <pzijlstr@redhat.com>
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>      /* read_mapping_page */
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>         /* anon_vma_prepare */
#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h> /* set_pte_at_notify */
#include <linux/swap.h>         /* try_to_free_swap */
#include <linux/ptrace.h>       /* user_enable_single_step */
#include <linux/kdebug.h>       /* notifier mechanism */
#include "../../mm/internal.h"  /* munlock_vma_page */
#include <linux/percpu-rwsem.h>
#include <linux/task_work.h>

#include <linux/uprobes.h>

#define UINSNS_PER_PAGE                 (PAGE_SIZE/UPROBE_XOL_SLOT_BYTES)
#define MAX_UPROBE_XOL_SLOTS            UINSNS_PER_PAGE

static struct rb_root uprobes_tree = RB_ROOT;
/*
 * allows us to skip the uprobe_mmap if there are no uprobe events active
 * at this time.  Probably a fine grained per inode count is better?
 */
#define no_uprobe_events()      RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&uprobes_tree)

static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(uprobes_treelock);       /* serialize rbtree access */

#define UPROBES_HASH_SZ 13
/* serialize uprobe->pending_list */
static struct mutex uprobes_mmap_mutex[UPROBES_HASH_SZ];
#define uprobes_mmap_hash(v)    (&uprobes_mmap_mutex[((unsigned long)(v)) % UPROBES_HASH_SZ])

static struct percpu_rw_semaphore dup_mmap_sem;

/* Have a copy of original instruction */
#define UPROBE_COPY_INSN        0
/* Can skip singlestep */
#define UPROBE_SKIP_SSTEP       1

struct uprobe {
        struct rb_node          rb_node;        /* node in the rb tree */
        atomic_t                ref;
        struct rw_semaphore     register_rwsem;
        struct rw_semaphore     consumer_rwsem;
        struct list_head        pending_list;
        struct uprobe_consumer  *consumers;
        struct inode            *inode;         /* Also hold a ref to inode */
        loff_t                  offset;
        unsigned long           flags;
        struct arch_uprobe      arch;
};

struct return_instance {
        struct uprobe           *uprobe;
        unsigned long           func;
        unsigned long           orig_ret_vaddr; /* original return address */
        bool                    chained;        /* true, if instance is nested */

        struct return_instance  *next;          /* keep as stack */
};

/*
 * valid_vma: Verify if the specified vma is an executable vma
 * Relax restrictions while unregistering: vm_flags might have
 * changed after breakpoint was inserted.
 *      - is_register: indicates if we are in register context.
 *      - Return 1 if the specified virtual address is in an
 *        executable vma.
 */
static bool valid_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma, bool is_register)
{
        vm_flags_t flags = VM_HUGETLB | VM_MAYEXEC | VM_SHARED;

        if (is_register)
                flags |= VM_WRITE;

        return vma->vm_file && (vma->vm_flags & flags) == VM_MAYEXEC;
}

static unsigned long offset_to_vaddr(struct vm_area_struct *vma, loff_t offset)
{
        return vma->vm_start + offset - ((loff_t)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT);
}

static loff_t vaddr_to_offset(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long vaddr)
{
        return ((loff_t)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) + (vaddr - vma->vm_start);
}

/**
 * __replace_page - replace page in vma by new page.
 * based on replace_page in mm/ksm.c
 *
 * @vma:      vma that holds the pte pointing to page
 * @addr:     address the old @page is mapped at
 * @page:     the cowed page we are replacing by kpage
 * @kpage:    the modified page we replace page by
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -EFAULT on failure.
 */
static int __replace_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
                                struct page *page, struct page *kpage)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        spinlock_t *ptl;
        pte_t *ptep;
        int err;
        /* For mmu_notifiers */
        const unsigned long mmun_start = addr;
        const unsigned long mmun_end   = addr + PAGE_SIZE;

        /* For try_to_free_swap() and munlock_vma_page() below */
        lock_page(page);

        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(mm, mmun_start, mmun_end);
        err = -EAGAIN;
        ptep = page_check_address(page, mm, addr, &ptl, 0);
        if (!ptep)
                goto unlock;

        get_page(kpage);
        page_add_new_anon_rmap(kpage, vma, addr);

        if (!PageAnon(page)) {
                dec_mm_counter(mm, MM_FILEPAGES);
                inc_mm_counter(mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
        }

        flush_cache_page(vma, addr, pte_pfn(*ptep));
        ptep_clear_flush(vma, addr, ptep);
        set_pte_at_notify(mm, addr, ptep, mk_pte(kpage, vma->vm_page_prot));

        page_remove_rmap(page);
        if (!page_mapped(page))
                try_to_free_swap(page);
        pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);

        if (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED)
                munlock_vma_page(page);
        put_page(page);

        err = 0;
 unlock:
        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(mm, mmun_start, mmun_end);
        unlock_page(page);
        return err;
}

/**
 * is_swbp_insn - check if instruction is breakpoint instruction.
 * @insn: instruction to be checked.
 * Default implementation of is_swbp_insn
 * Returns true if @insn is a breakpoint instruction.
 */
bool __weak is_swbp_insn(uprobe_opcode_t *insn)
{
        return *insn == UPROBE_SWBP_INSN;
}

/**
 * is_trap_insn - check if instruction is breakpoint instruction.
 * @insn: instruction to be checked.
 * Default implementation of is_trap_insn
 * Returns true if @insn is a breakpoint instruction.
 *
 * This function is needed for the case where an architecture has multiple
 * trap instructions (like powerpc).
 */
bool __weak is_trap_insn(uprobe_opcode_t *insn)
{
        return is_swbp_insn(insn);
}

static void copy_from_page(struct page *page, unsigned long vaddr, void *dst, int len)
{
        void *kaddr = kmap_atomic(page);
        memcpy(dst, kaddr + (vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK), len);
        kunmap_atomic(kaddr);
}

static void copy_to_page(struct page *page, unsigned long vaddr, const void *src, int len)
{
        void *kaddr = kmap_atomic(page);
        memcpy(kaddr + (vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK), src, len);
        kunmap_atomic(kaddr);
}

static int verify_opcode(struct page *page, unsigned long vaddr, uprobe_opcode_t *new_opcode)
{
        uprobe_opcode_t old_opcode;
        bool is_swbp;

        /*
         * Note: We only check if the old_opcode is UPROBE_SWBP_INSN here.
         * We do not check if it is any other 'trap variant' which could
         * be conditional trap instruction such as the one powerpc supports.
         *
         * The logic is that we do not care if the underlying instruction
         * is a trap variant; uprobes always wins over any other (gdb)
         * breakpoint.
         */
        copy_from_page(page, vaddr, &old_opcode, UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE);
        is_swbp = is_swbp_insn(&old_opcode);

        if (is_swbp_insn(new_opcode)) {
                if (is_swbp)            /* register: already installed? */
                        return 0;
        } else {
                if (!is_swbp)           /* unregister: was it changed by us? */
                        return 0;
        }

        return 1;
}

/*
 * NOTE:
 * Expect the breakpoint instruction to be the smallest size instruction for
 * the architecture. If an arch has variable length instruction and the
 * breakpoint instruction is not of the smallest length instruction
 * supported by that architecture then we need to modify is_trap_at_addr and
 * uprobe_write_opcode accordingly. This would never be a problem for archs
 * that have fixed length instructions.
 */

/*
 * uprobe_write_opcode - write the opcode at a given virtual address.
 * @mm: the probed process address space.
 * @vaddr: the virtual address to store the opcode.
 * @opcode: opcode to be written at @vaddr.
 *
 * Called with mm->mmap_sem held (for read and with a reference to
 * mm).
 *
 * For mm @mm, write the opcode at @vaddr.
 * Return 0 (success) or a negative errno.
 */
int uprobe_write_opcode(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr,
                        uprobe_opcode_t opcode)
{
        struct page *old_page, *new_page;
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;
        int ret;

retry:
        /* Read the page with vaddr into memory */
        ret = get_user_pages(NULL, mm, vaddr, 1, 0, 1, &old_page, &vma);
        if (ret <= 0)
                return ret;

        ret = verify_opcode(old_page, vaddr, &opcode);
        if (ret <= 0)
                goto put_old;

        ret = -ENOMEM;
        new_page = alloc_page_vma(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE, vma, vaddr);
        if (!new_page)
                goto put_old;

        __SetPageUptodate(new_page);

        copy_highpage(new_page, old_page);
        copy_to_page(new_page, vaddr, &opcode, UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE);

        ret = anon_vma_prepare(vma);
        if (ret)
                goto put_new;

        ret = __replace_page(vma, vaddr, old_page, new_page);

put_new:
        page_cache_release(new_page);
put_old:
        put_page(old_page);

        if (unlikely(ret == -EAGAIN))
                goto retry;
        return ret;
}

/**
 * set_swbp - store breakpoint at a given address.
 * @auprobe: arch specific probepoint information.
 * @mm: the probed process address space.
 * @vaddr: the virtual address to insert the opcode.
 *
 * For mm @mm, store the breakpoint instruction at @vaddr.
 * Return 0 (success) or a negative errno.
 */
int __weak set_swbp(struct arch_uprobe *auprobe, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr)
{
        return uprobe_write_opcode(mm, vaddr, UPROBE_SWBP_INSN);
}

/**
 * set_orig_insn - Restore the original instruction.
 * @mm: the probed process address space.
 * @auprobe: arch specific probepoint information.
 * @vaddr: the virtual address to insert the opcode.
 *
 * For mm @mm, restore the original opcode (opcode) at @vaddr.
 * Return 0 (success) or a negative errno.
 */
int __weak
set_orig_insn(struct arch_uprobe *auprobe, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr)
{
        return uprobe_write_opcode(mm, vaddr, *(uprobe_opcode_t *)auprobe->insn);
}

static int match_uprobe(struct uprobe *l, struct uprobe *r)
{
        if (l->inode < r->inode)
                return -1;

        if (l->inode > r->inode)
                return 1;

        if (l->offset < r->offset)
                return -1;

        if (l->offset > r->offset)
                return 1;

        return 0;
}

static struct uprobe *__find_uprobe(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset)
{
        struct uprobe u = { .inode = inode, .offset = offset };
        struct rb_node *n = uprobes_tree.rb_node;
        struct uprobe *uprobe;
        int match;

        while (n) {
                uprobe = rb_entry(n, struct uprobe, rb_node);
                match = match_uprobe(&u, uprobe);
                if (!match) {
                        atomic_inc(&uprobe->ref);
                        return uprobe;
                }

                if (match < 0)
                        n = n->rb_left;
                else
                        n = n->rb_right;
        }
        return NULL;
}

/*
 * Find a uprobe corresponding to a given inode:offset
 * Acquires uprobes_treelock
 */
static struct uprobe *find_uprobe(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset)
{
        struct uprobe *uprobe;

        spin_lock(&uprobes_treelock);
        uprobe = __find_uprobe(inode, offset);
        spin_unlock(&uprobes_treelock);

        return uprobe;
}

static struct uprobe *__insert_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
        struct rb_node **p = &uprobes_tree.rb_node;
        struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
        struct uprobe *u;
        int match;

        while (*p) {
                parent = *p;
                u = rb_entry(parent, struct uprobe, rb_node);
                match = match_uprobe(uprobe, u);
                if (!match) {
                        atomic_inc(&u->ref);
                        return u;
                }

                if (match < 0)
                        p = &parent->rb_left;
                else
                        p = &parent->rb_right;

        }

        u = NULL;
        rb_link_node(&uprobe->rb_node, parent, p);
        rb_insert_color(&uprobe->rb_node, &uprobes_tree);
        /* get access + creation ref */
        atomic_set(&uprobe->ref, 2);

        return u;
}

/*
 * Acquire uprobes_treelock.
 * Matching uprobe already exists in rbtree;
 *      increment (access refcount) and return the matching uprobe.
 *
 * No matching uprobe; insert the uprobe in rb_tree;
 *      get a double refcount (access + creation) and return NULL.
 */
static struct uprobe *insert_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
        struct uprobe *u;

        spin_lock(&uprobes_treelock);
        u = __insert_uprobe(uprobe);
        spin_unlock(&uprobes_treelock);

        return u;
}

static void put_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&uprobe->ref))
                kfree(uprobe);
}

static struct uprobe *alloc_uprobe(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset)
{
        struct uprobe *uprobe, *cur_uprobe;

        uprobe = kzalloc(sizeof(struct uprobe), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!uprobe)
                return NULL;

        uprobe->inode = igrab(inode);
        uprobe->offset = offset;
        init_rwsem(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
        init_rwsem(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
        /* For now assume that the instruction need not be single-stepped */
        __set_bit(UPROBE_SKIP_SSTEP, &uprobe->flags);

        /* add to uprobes_tree, sorted on inode:offset */
        cur_uprobe = insert_uprobe(uprobe);

        /* a uprobe exists for this inode:offset combination */
        if (cur_uprobe) {
                kfree(uprobe);
                uprobe = cur_uprobe;
                iput(inode);
        }

        return uprobe;
}

static void consumer_add(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct uprobe_consumer *uc)
{
        down_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
        uc->next = uprobe->consumers;
        uprobe->consumers = uc;
        up_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
}

/*
 * For uprobe @uprobe, delete the consumer @uc.
 * Return true if the @uc is deleted successfully
 * or return false.
 */
static bool consumer_del(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct uprobe_consumer *uc)
{
        struct uprobe_consumer **con;
        bool ret = false;

        down_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
        for (con = &uprobe->consumers; *con; con = &(*con)->next) {
                if (*con == uc) {
                        *con = uc->next;
                        ret = true;
                        break;
                }
        }
        up_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);

        return ret;
}

static int __copy_insn(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
                        void *insn, int nbytes, loff_t offset)
{
        struct page *page;

        if (!mapping->a_ops->readpage)
                return -EIO;
        /*
         * Ensure that the page that has the original instruction is
         * populated and in page-cache.
         */
        page = read_mapping_page(mapping, offset >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT, filp);
        if (IS_ERR(page))
                return PTR_ERR(page);

        copy_from_page(page, offset, insn, nbytes);
        page_cache_release(page);

        return 0;
}

static int copy_insn(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct file *filp)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = uprobe->inode->i_mapping;
        loff_t offs = uprobe->offset;
        void *insn = uprobe->arch.insn;
        int size = MAX_UINSN_BYTES;
        int len, err = -EIO;

        /* Copy only available bytes, -EIO if nothing was read */
        do {
                if (offs >= i_size_read(uprobe->inode))
                        break;

                len = min_t(int, size, PAGE_SIZE - (offs & ~PAGE_MASK));
                err = __copy_insn(mapping, filp, insn, len, offs);
                if (err)
                        break;

                insn += len;
                offs += len;
                size -= len;
        } while (size);

        return err;
}

static int prepare_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct file *file,
                                struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr)
{
        int ret = 0;

        if (test_bit(UPROBE_COPY_INSN, &uprobe->flags))
                return ret;

        /* TODO: move this into _register, until then we abuse this sem. */
        down_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
        if (test_bit(UPROBE_COPY_INSN, &uprobe->flags))
                goto out;

        ret = copy_insn(uprobe, file);
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        ret = -ENOTSUPP;
        if (is_trap_insn((uprobe_opcode_t *)uprobe->arch.insn))
                goto out;

        ret = arch_uprobe_analyze_insn(&uprobe->arch, mm, vaddr);
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        /* uprobe_write_opcode() assumes we don't cross page boundary */
        BUG_ON((uprobe->offset & ~PAGE_MASK) +
                        UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE > PAGE_SIZE);

        smp_wmb(); /* pairs with rmb() in find_active_uprobe() */
        set_bit(UPROBE_COPY_INSN, &uprobe->flags);

 out:
        up_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);

        return ret;
}

static inline bool consumer_filter(struct uprobe_consumer *uc,
                                   enum uprobe_filter_ctx ctx, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        return !uc->filter || uc->filter(uc, ctx, mm);
}

static bool filter_chain(struct uprobe *uprobe,
                         enum uprobe_filter_ctx ctx, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        struct uprobe_consumer *uc;
        bool ret = false;

        down_read(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
        for (uc = uprobe->consumers; uc; uc = uc->next) {
                ret = consumer_filter(uc, ctx, mm);
                if (ret)
                        break;
        }
        up_read(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);

        return ret;
}

static int
install_breakpoint(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm,
                        struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long vaddr)
{
        bool first_uprobe;
        int ret;

        ret = prepare_uprobe(uprobe, vma->vm_file, mm, vaddr);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        /*
         * set MMF_HAS_UPROBES in advance for uprobe_pre_sstep_notifier(),
         * the task can hit this breakpoint right after __replace_page().
         */
        first_uprobe = !test_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &mm->flags);
        if (first_uprobe)
                set_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &mm->flags);

        ret = set_swbp(&uprobe->arch, mm, vaddr);
        if (!ret)
                clear_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &mm->flags);
        else if (first_uprobe)
                clear_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &mm->flags);

        return ret;
}

static int
remove_breakpoint(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr)
{
        set_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &mm->flags);
        return set_orig_insn(&uprobe->arch, mm, vaddr);
}

static inline bool uprobe_is_active(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
        return !RB_EMPTY_NODE(&uprobe->rb_node);
}
/*
 * There could be threads that have already hit the breakpoint. They
 * will recheck the current insn and restart if find_uprobe() fails.
 * See find_active_uprobe().
 */
static void delete_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
        if (WARN_ON(!uprobe_is_active(uprobe)))
                return;

        spin_lock(&uprobes_treelock);
        rb_erase(&uprobe->rb_node, &uprobes_tree);
        spin_unlock(&uprobes_treelock);
        RB_CLEAR_NODE(&uprobe->rb_node); /* for uprobe_is_active() */
        iput(uprobe->inode);
        put_uprobe(uprobe);
}

struct map_info {
        struct map_info *next;
        struct mm_struct *mm;
        unsigned long vaddr;
};

static inline struct map_info *free_map_info(struct map_info *info)
{
        struct map_info *next = info->next;
        kfree(info);
        return next;
}

static struct map_info *
build_map_info(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t offset, bool is_register)
{
        unsigned long pgoff = offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;
        struct map_info *curr = NULL;
        struct map_info *prev = NULL;
        struct map_info *info;
        int more = 0;

 again:
        mutex_lock(&mapping->i_mmap_mutex);
        vma_interval_tree_foreach(vma, &mapping->i_mmap, pgoff, pgoff) {
                if (!valid_vma(vma, is_register))
                        continue;

                if (!prev && !more) {
                        /*
                         * Needs GFP_NOWAIT to avoid i_mmap_mutex recursion through
                         * reclaim. This is optimistic, no harm done if it fails.
                         */
                        prev = kmalloc(sizeof(struct map_info),
                                        GFP_NOWAIT | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | __GFP_NOWARN);
                        if (prev)
                                prev->next = NULL;
                }
                if (!prev) {
                        more++;
                        continue;
                }

                if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&vma->vm_mm->mm_users))
                        continue;

                info = prev;
                prev = prev->next;
                info->next = curr;
                curr = info;

                info->mm = vma->vm_mm;
                info->vaddr = offset_to_vaddr(vma, offset);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&mapping->i_mmap_mutex);

        if (!more)
                goto out;

        prev = curr;
        while (curr) {
                mmput(curr->mm);
                curr = curr->next;
        }

        do {
                info = kmalloc(sizeof(struct map_info), GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!info) {
                        curr = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
                        goto out;
                }
                info->next = prev;
                prev = info;
        } while (--more);

        goto again;
 out:
        while (prev)
                prev = free_map_info(prev);
        return curr;
}

static int
register_for_each_vma(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct uprobe_consumer *new)
{
        bool is_register = !!new;
        struct map_info *info;
        int err = 0;

        percpu_down_write(&dup_mmap_sem);
        info = build_map_info(uprobe->inode->i_mapping,
                                        uprobe->offset, is_register);
        if (IS_ERR(info)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(info);
                goto out;
        }

        while (info) {
                struct mm_struct *mm = info->mm;
                struct vm_area_struct *vma;

                if (err && is_register)
                        goto free;

                down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
                vma = find_vma(mm, info->vaddr);
                if (!vma || !valid_vma(vma, is_register) ||
                    file_inode(vma->vm_file) != uprobe->inode)
                        goto unlock;

                if (vma->vm_start > info->vaddr ||
                    vaddr_to_offset(vma, info->vaddr) != uprobe->offset)
                        goto unlock;

                if (is_register) {
                        /* consult only the "caller", new consumer. */
                        if (consumer_filter(new,
                                        UPROBE_FILTER_REGISTER, mm))
                                err = install_breakpoint(uprobe, mm, vma, info->vaddr);
                } else if (test_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &mm->flags)) {
                        if (!filter_chain(uprobe,
                                        UPROBE_FILTER_UNREGISTER, mm))
                                err |= remove_breakpoint(uprobe, mm, info->vaddr);
                }

 unlock:
                up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
 free:
                mmput(mm);
                info = free_map_info(info);
        }
 out:
        percpu_up_write(&dup_mmap_sem);
        return err;
}

static int __uprobe_register(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct uprobe_consumer *uc)
{
        consumer_add(uprobe, uc);
        return register_for_each_vma(uprobe, uc);
}

static void __uprobe_unregister(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct uprobe_consumer *uc)
{
        int err;

        if (!consumer_del(uprobe, uc))  /* WARN? */
                return;

        err = register_for_each_vma(uprobe, NULL);
        /* TODO : cant unregister? schedule a worker thread */
        if (!uprobe->consumers && !err)
                delete_uprobe(uprobe);
}

/*
 * uprobe_register - register a probe
 * @inode: the file in which the probe has to be placed.
 * @offset: offset from the start of the file.
 * @uc: information on howto handle the probe..
 *
 * Apart from the access refcount, uprobe_register() takes a creation
 * refcount (thro alloc_uprobe) if and only if this @uprobe is getting
 * inserted into the rbtree (i.e first consumer for a @inode:@offset
 * tuple).  Creation refcount stops uprobe_unregister from freeing the
 * @uprobe even before the register operation is complete. Creation
 * refcount is released when the last @uc for the @uprobe
 * unregisters.
 *
 * Return errno if it cannot successully install probes
 * else return 0 (success)
 */
int uprobe_register(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, struct uprobe_consumer *uc)
{
        struct uprobe *uprobe;
        int ret;

        /* Uprobe must have at least one set consumer */
        if (!uc->handler && !uc->ret_handler)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* Racy, just to catch the obvious mistakes */
        if (offset > i_size_read(inode))
                return -EINVAL;

 retry:
        uprobe = alloc_uprobe(inode, offset);
        if (!uprobe)
                return -ENOMEM;
        /*
         * We can race with uprobe_unregister()->delete_uprobe().
         * Check uprobe_is_active() and retry if it is false.
         */
        down_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
        ret = -EAGAIN;
        if (likely(uprobe_is_active(uprobe))) {
                ret = __uprobe_register(uprobe, uc);
                if (ret)
                        __uprobe_unregister(uprobe, uc);
        }
        up_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
        put_uprobe(uprobe);

        if (unlikely(ret == -EAGAIN))
                goto retry;
        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(uprobe_register);

/*
 * uprobe_apply - unregister a already registered probe.
 * @inode: the file in which the probe has to be removed.
 * @offset: offset from the start of the file.
 * @uc: consumer which wants to add more or remove some breakpoints
 * @add: add or remove the breakpoints
 */
int uprobe_apply(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset,
                        struct uprobe_consumer *uc, bool add)
{
        struct uprobe *uprobe;
        struct uprobe_consumer *con;
        int ret = -ENOENT;

        uprobe = find_uprobe(inode, offset);
        if (!uprobe)
                return ret;

        down_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
        for (con = uprobe->consumers; con && con != uc ; con = con->next)
                ;
        if (con)
                ret = register_for_each_vma(uprobe, add ? uc : NULL);
        up_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
        put_uprobe(uprobe);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * uprobe_unregister - unregister a already registered probe.
 * @inode: the file in which the probe has to be removed.
 * @offset: offset from the start of the file.
 * @uc: identify which probe if multiple probes are colocated.
 */
void uprobe_unregister(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, struct uprobe_consumer *uc)
{
        struct uprobe *uprobe;

        uprobe = find_uprobe(inode, offset);
        if (!uprobe)
                return;

        down_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
        __uprobe_unregister(uprobe, uc);
        up_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
        put_uprobe(uprobe);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(uprobe_unregister);

static int unapply_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;
        int err = 0;

        down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
        for (vma = mm->mmap; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
                unsigned long vaddr;
                loff_t offset;

                if (!valid_vma(vma, false) ||
                    file_inode(vma->vm_file) != uprobe->inode)
                        continue;

                offset = (loff_t)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
                if (uprobe->offset <  offset ||
                    uprobe->offset >= offset + vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start)
                        continue;

                vaddr = offset_to_vaddr(vma, uprobe->offset);
                err |= remove_breakpoint(uprobe, mm, vaddr);
        }
        up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

        return err;
}

static struct rb_node *
find_node_in_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t min, loff_t max)
{
        struct rb_node *n = uprobes_tree.rb_node;

        while (n) {
                struct uprobe *u = rb_entry(n, struct uprobe, rb_node);

                if (inode < u->inode) {
                        n = n->rb_left;
                } else if (inode > u->inode) {
                        n = n->rb_right;
                } else {
                        if (max < u->offset)
                                n = n->rb_left;
                        else if (min > u->offset)
                                n = n->rb_right;
                        else
                                break;
                }
        }

        return n;
}

/*
 * For a given range in vma, build a list of probes that need to be inserted.
 */
static void build_probe_list(struct inode *inode,
                                struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
                                struct list_head *head)
{
        loff_t min, max;
        struct rb_node *n, *t;
        struct uprobe *u;

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(head);
        min = vaddr_to_offset(vma, start);
        max = min + (end - start) - 1;

        spin_lock(&uprobes_treelock);
        n = find_node_in_range(inode, min, max);
        if (n) {
                for (t = n; t; t = rb_prev(t)) {
                        u = rb_entry(t, struct uprobe, rb_node);
                        if (u->inode != inode || u->offset < min)
                                break;
                        list_add(&u->pending_list, head);
                        atomic_inc(&u->ref);
                }
                for (t = n; (t = rb_next(t)); ) {
                        u = rb_entry(t, struct uprobe, rb_node);
                        if (u->inode != inode || u->offset > max)
                                break;
                        list_add(&u->pending_list, head);
                        atomic_inc(&u->ref);
                }
        }
        spin_unlock(&uprobes_treelock);
}

/*
 * Called from mmap_region/vma_adjust with mm->mmap_sem acquired.
 *
 * Currently we ignore all errors and always return 0, the callers
 * can't handle the failure anyway.
 */
int uprobe_mmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        struct list_head tmp_list;
        struct uprobe *uprobe, *u;
        struct inode *inode;

        if (no_uprobe_events() || !valid_vma(vma, true))
                return 0;

        inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
        if (!inode)
                return 0;

        mutex_lock(uprobes_mmap_hash(inode));
        build_probe_list(inode, vma, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, &tmp_list);
        /*
         * We can race with uprobe_unregister(), this uprobe can be already
         * removed. But in this case filter_chain() must return false, all
         * consumers have gone away.
         */
        list_for_each_entry_safe(uprobe, u, &tmp_list, pending_list) {
                if (!fatal_signal_pending(current) &&
                    filter_chain(uprobe, UPROBE_FILTER_MMAP, vma->vm_mm)) {
                        unsigned long vaddr = offset_to_vaddr(vma, uprobe->offset);
                        install_breakpoint(uprobe, vma->vm_mm, vma, vaddr);
                }
                put_uprobe(uprobe);
        }
        mutex_unlock(uprobes_mmap_hash(inode));

        return 0;
}

static bool
vma_has_uprobes(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
        loff_t min, max;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct rb_node *n;

        inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);

        min = vaddr_to_offset(vma, start);
        max = min + (end - start) - 1;

        spin_lock(&uprobes_treelock);
        n = find_node_in_range(inode, min, max);
        spin_unlock(&uprobes_treelock);

        return !!n;
}

/*
 * Called in context of a munmap of a vma.
 */
void uprobe_munmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
        if (no_uprobe_events() || !valid_vma(vma, false))
                return;

        if (!atomic_read(&vma->vm_mm->mm_users)) /* called by mmput() ? */
                return;

        if (!test_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &vma->vm_mm->flags) ||
             test_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &vma->vm_mm->flags))
                return;

        if (vma_has_uprobes(vma, start, end))
                set_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &vma->vm_mm->flags);
}

/* Slot allocation for XOL */
static int xol_add_vma(struct mm_struct *mm, struct xol_area *area)
{
        int ret = -EALREADY;

        down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
        if (mm->uprobes_state.xol_area)
                goto fail;

        if (!area->vaddr) {
                /* Try to map as high as possible, this is only a hint. */
                area->vaddr = get_unmapped_area(NULL, TASK_SIZE - PAGE_SIZE,
                                                PAGE_SIZE, 0, 0);
                if (area->vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK) {
                        ret = area->vaddr;
                        goto fail;
                }
        }

        ret = install_special_mapping(mm, area->vaddr, PAGE_SIZE,
                                VM_EXEC|VM_MAYEXEC|VM_DONTCOPY|VM_IO, &area->page);
        if (ret)
                goto fail;

        smp_wmb();      /* pairs with get_xol_area() */
        mm->uprobes_state.xol_area = area;
 fail:
        up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);

        return ret;
}

static struct xol_area *__create_xol_area(unsigned long vaddr)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
        uprobe_opcode_t insn = UPROBE_SWBP_INSN;
        struct xol_area *area;

        area = kmalloc(sizeof(*area), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (unlikely(!area))
                goto out;

        area->bitmap = kzalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(UINSNS_PER_PAGE) * sizeof(long), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!area->bitmap)
                goto free_area;

        area->page = alloc_page(GFP_HIGHUSER);
        if (!area->page)
                goto free_bitmap;

        area->vaddr = vaddr;
        init_waitqueue_head(&area->wq);
        /* Reserve the 1st slot for get_trampoline_vaddr() */
        set_bit(0, area->bitmap);
        atomic_set(&area->slot_count, 1);
        copy_to_page(area->page, 0, &insn, UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE);

        if (!xol_add_vma(mm, area))
                return area;

        __free_page(area->page);
 free_bitmap:
        kfree(area->bitmap);
 free_area:
        kfree(area);
 out:
        return NULL;
}

/*
 * get_xol_area - Allocate process's xol_area if necessary.
 * This area will be used for storing instructions for execution out of line.
 *
 * Returns the allocated area or NULL.
 */
static struct xol_area *get_xol_area(void)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
        struct xol_area *area;

        if (!mm->uprobes_state.xol_area)
                __create_xol_area(0);

        area = mm->uprobes_state.xol_area;
        smp_read_barrier_depends();     /* pairs with wmb in xol_add_vma() */
        return area;
}

/*
 * uprobe_clear_state - Free the area allocated for slots.
 */
void uprobe_clear_state(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        struct xol_area *area = mm->uprobes_state.xol_area;

        if (!area)
                return;

        put_page(area->page);
        kfree(area->bitmap);
        kfree(area);
}

void uprobe_start_dup_mmap(void)
{
        percpu_down_read(&dup_mmap_sem);
}

void uprobe_end_dup_mmap(void)
{
        percpu_up_read(&dup_mmap_sem);
}

void uprobe_dup_mmap(struct mm_struct *oldmm, struct mm_struct *newmm)
{
        newmm->uprobes_state.xol_area = NULL;

        if (test_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &oldmm->flags)) {
                set_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &newmm->flags);
                /* unconditionally, dup_mmap() skips VM_DONTCOPY vmas */
                set_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &newmm->flags);
        }
}

/*
 *  - search for a free slot.
 */
static unsigned long xol_take_insn_slot(struct xol_area *area)
{
        unsigned long slot_addr;
        int slot_nr;

        do {
                slot_nr = find_first_zero_bit(area->bitmap, UINSNS_PER_PAGE);
                if (slot_nr < UINSNS_PER_PAGE) {
                        if (!test_and_set_bit(slot_nr, area->bitmap))
                                break;

                        slot_nr = UINSNS_PER_PAGE;
                        continue;
                }
                wait_event(area->wq, (atomic_read(&area->slot_count) < UINSNS_PER_PAGE));
        } while (slot_nr >= UINSNS_PER_PAGE);

        slot_addr = area->vaddr + (slot_nr * UPROBE_XOL_SLOT_BYTES);
        atomic_inc(&area->slot_count);

        return slot_addr;
}

/*
 * xol_get_insn_slot - allocate a slot for xol.
 * Returns the allocated slot address or 0.
 */
static unsigned long xol_get_insn_slot(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
        struct xol_area *area;
        unsigned long xol_vaddr;

        area = get_xol_area();
        if (!area)
                return 0;

        xol_vaddr = xol_take_insn_slot(area);
        if (unlikely(!xol_vaddr))
                return 0;

        /* Initialize the slot */
        copy_to_page(area->page, xol_vaddr,
                        uprobe->arch.ixol, sizeof(uprobe->arch.ixol));
        /*
         * We probably need flush_icache_user_range() but it needs vma.
         * This should work on supported architectures too.
         */
        flush_dcache_page(area->page);

        return xol_vaddr;
}

/*
 * xol_free_insn_slot - If slot was earlier allocated by
 * @xol_get_insn_slot(), make the slot available for
 * subsequent requests.
 */
static void xol_free_insn_slot(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
        struct xol_area *area;
        unsigned long vma_end;
        unsigned long slot_addr;

        if (!tsk->mm || !tsk->mm->uprobes_state.xol_area || !tsk->utask)
                return;

        slot_addr = tsk->utask->xol_vaddr;
        if (unlikely(!slot_addr))
                return;

        area = tsk->mm->uprobes_state.xol_area;
        vma_end = area->vaddr + PAGE_SIZE;
        if (area->vaddr <= slot_addr && slot_addr < vma_end) {
                unsigned long offset;
                int slot_nr;

                offset = slot_addr - area->vaddr;
                slot_nr = offset / UPROBE_XOL_SLOT_BYTES;
                if (slot_nr >= UINSNS_PER_PAGE)
                        return;

                clear_bit(slot_nr, area->bitmap);
                atomic_dec(&area->slot_count);
                if (waitqueue_active(&area->wq))
                        wake_up(&area->wq);

                tsk->utask->xol_vaddr = 0;
        }
}

/**
 * uprobe_get_swbp_addr - compute address of swbp given post-swbp regs
 * @regs: Reflects the saved state of the task after it has hit a breakpoint
 * instruction.
 * Return the address of the breakpoint instruction.
 */
unsigned long __weak uprobe_get_swbp_addr(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        return instruction_pointer(regs) - UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE;
}

/*
 * Called with no locks held.
 * Called in context of a exiting or a exec-ing thread.
 */
void uprobe_free_utask(struct task_struct *t)
{
        struct uprobe_task *utask = t->utask;
        struct return_instance *ri, *tmp;

        if (!utask)
                return;

        if (utask->active_uprobe)
                put_uprobe(utask->active_uprobe);

        ri = utask->return_instances;
        while (ri) {
                tmp = ri;
                ri = ri->next;

                put_uprobe(tmp->uprobe);
                kfree(tmp);
        }

        xol_free_insn_slot(t);
        kfree(utask);
        t->utask = NULL;
}

/*
 * Allocate a uprobe_task object for the task if if necessary.
 * Called when the thread hits a breakpoint.
 *
 * Returns:
 * - pointer to new uprobe_task on success
 * - NULL otherwise
 */
static struct uprobe_task *get_utask(void)
{
        if (!current->utask)
                current->utask = kzalloc(sizeof(struct uprobe_task), GFP_KERNEL);
        return current->utask;
}

static int dup_utask(struct task_struct *t, struct uprobe_task *o_utask)
{
        struct uprobe_task *n_utask;
        struct return_instance **p, *o, *n;

        n_utask = kzalloc(sizeof(struct uprobe_task), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!n_utask)
                return -ENOMEM;
        t->utask = n_utask;

        p = &n_utask->return_instances;
        for (o = o_utask->return_instances; o; o = o->next) {
                n = kmalloc(sizeof(struct return_instance), GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!n)
                        return -ENOMEM;

                *n = *o;
                atomic_inc(&n->uprobe->ref);
                n->next = NULL;

                *p = n;
                p = &n->next;
                n_utask->depth++;
        }

        return 0;
}

static void uprobe_warn(struct task_struct *t, const char *msg)
{
        pr_warn("uprobe: %s:%d failed to %s\n",
                        current->comm, current->pid, msg);
}

static void dup_xol_work(struct callback_head *work)
{
        kfree(work);

        if (current->flags & PF_EXITING)
                return;

        if (!__create_xol_area(current->utask->vaddr))
                uprobe_warn(current, "dup xol area");
}

/*
 * Called in context of a new clone/fork from copy_process.
 */
void uprobe_copy_process(struct task_struct *t, unsigned long flags)
{
        struct uprobe_task *utask = current->utask;
        struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
        struct callback_head *work;
        struct xol_area *area;

        t->utask = NULL;

        if (!utask || !utask->return_instances)
                return;

        if (mm == t->mm && !(flags & CLONE_VFORK))
                return;

        if (dup_utask(t, utask))
                return uprobe_warn(t, "dup ret instances");

        /* The task can fork() after dup_xol_work() fails */
        area = mm->uprobes_state.xol_area;
        if (!area)
                return uprobe_warn(t, "dup xol area");

        if (mm == t->mm)
                return;

        /* TODO: move it into the union in uprobe_task */
        work = kmalloc(sizeof(*work), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!work)
                return uprobe_warn(t, "dup xol area");

        t->utask->vaddr = area->vaddr;
        init_task_work(work, dup_xol_work);
        task_work_add(t, work, true);
}

/*
 * Current area->vaddr notion assume the trampoline address is always
 * equal area->vaddr.
 *
 * Returns -1 in case the xol_area is not allocated.
 */
static unsigned long get_trampoline_vaddr(void)
{
        struct xol_area *area;
        unsigned long trampoline_vaddr = -1;

        area = current->mm->uprobes_state.xol_area;
        smp_read_barrier_depends();
        if (area)
                trampoline_vaddr = area->vaddr;

        return trampoline_vaddr;
}

static void prepare_uretprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct return_instance *ri;
        struct uprobe_task *utask;
        unsigned long orig_ret_vaddr, trampoline_vaddr;
        bool chained = false;

        if (!get_xol_area())
                return;

        utask = get_utask();
        if (!utask)
                return;

        if (utask->depth >= MAX_URETPROBE_DEPTH) {
                printk_ratelimited(KERN_INFO "uprobe: omit uretprobe due to"
                                " nestedness limit pid/tgid=%d/%d\n",
                                current->pid, current->tgid);
                return;
        }

        ri = kzalloc(sizeof(struct return_instance), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ri)
                goto fail;

        trampoline_vaddr = get_trampoline_vaddr();
        orig_ret_vaddr = arch_uretprobe_hijack_return_addr(trampoline_vaddr, regs);
        if (orig_ret_vaddr == -1)
                goto fail;

        /*
         * We don't want to keep trampoline address in stack, rather keep the
         * original return address of first caller thru all the consequent
         * instances. This also makes breakpoint unwrapping easier.
         */
        if (orig_ret_vaddr == trampoline_vaddr) {
                if (!utask->return_instances) {
                        /*
                         * This situation is not possible. Likely we have an
                         * attack from user-space.
                         */
                        pr_warn("uprobe: unable to set uretprobe pid/tgid=%d/%d\n",
                                                current->pid, current->tgid);
                        goto fail;
                }

                chained = true;
                orig_ret_vaddr = utask->return_instances->orig_ret_vaddr;
        }

        atomic_inc(&uprobe->ref);
        ri->uprobe = uprobe;
        ri->func = instruction_pointer(regs);
        ri->orig_ret_vaddr = orig_ret_vaddr;
        ri->chained = chained;

        utask->depth++;

        /* add instance to the stack */
        ri->next = utask->return_instances;
        utask->return_instances = ri;

        return;

 fail:
        kfree(ri);
}

/* Prepare to single-step probed instruction out of line. */
static int
pre_ssout(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long bp_vaddr)
{
        struct uprobe_task *utask;
        unsigned long xol_vaddr;
        int err;

        utask = get_utask();
        if (!utask)
                return -ENOMEM;

        xol_vaddr = xol_get_insn_slot(uprobe);
        if (!xol_vaddr)
                return -ENOMEM;

        utask->xol_vaddr = xol_vaddr;
        utask->vaddr = bp_vaddr;

        err = arch_uprobe_pre_xol(&uprobe->arch, regs);
        if (unlikely(err)) {
                xol_free_insn_slot(current);
                return err;
        }

        utask->active_uprobe = uprobe;
        utask->state = UTASK_SSTEP;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * If we are singlestepping, then ensure this thread is not connected to
 * non-fatal signals until completion of singlestep.  When xol insn itself
 * triggers the signal,  restart the original insn even if the task is
 * already SIGKILL'ed (since coredump should report the correct ip).  This
 * is even more important if the task has a handler for SIGSEGV/etc, The
 * _same_ instruction should be repeated again after return from the signal
 * handler, and SSTEP can never finish in this case.
 */
bool uprobe_deny_signal(void)
{
        struct task_struct *t = current;
        struct uprobe_task *utask = t->utask;

        if (likely(!utask || !utask->active_uprobe))
                return false;

        WARN_ON_ONCE(utask->state != UTASK_SSTEP);

        if (signal_pending(t)) {
                spin_lock_irq(&t->sighand->siglock);
                clear_tsk_thread_flag(t, TIF_SIGPENDING);
                spin_unlock_irq(&t->sighand->siglock);

                if (__fatal_signal_pending(t) || arch_uprobe_xol_was_trapped(t)) {
                        utask->state = UTASK_SSTEP_TRAPPED;
                        set_tsk_thread_flag(t, TIF_UPROBE);
                        set_tsk_thread_flag(t, TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME);
                }
        }

        return true;
}

/*
 * Avoid singlestepping the original instruction if the original instruction
 * is a NOP or can be emulated.
 */
static bool can_skip_sstep(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        if (test_bit(UPROBE_SKIP_SSTEP, &uprobe->flags)) {
                if (arch_uprobe_skip_sstep(&uprobe->arch, regs))
                        return true;
                clear_bit(UPROBE_SKIP_SSTEP, &uprobe->flags);
        }
        return false;
}

static void mmf_recalc_uprobes(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;

        for (vma = mm->mmap; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
                if (!valid_vma(vma, false))
                        continue;
                /*
                 * This is not strictly accurate, we can race with
                 * uprobe_unregister() and see the already removed
                 * uprobe if delete_uprobe() was not yet called.
                 * Or this uprobe can be filtered out.
                 */
                if (vma_has_uprobes(vma, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end))
                        return;
        }

        clear_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &mm->flags);
}

static int is_trap_at_addr(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr)
{
        struct page *page;
        uprobe_opcode_t opcode;
        int result;

        pagefault_disable();
        result = __copy_from_user_inatomic(&opcode, (void __user*)vaddr,
                                                        sizeof(opcode));
        pagefault_enable();

        if (likely(result == 0))
                goto out;

        result = get_user_pages(NULL, mm, vaddr, 1, 0, 1, &page, NULL);
        if (result < 0)
                return result;

        copy_from_page(page, vaddr, &opcode, UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE);
        put_page(page);
 out:
        /* This needs to return true for any variant of the trap insn */
        return is_trap_insn(&opcode);
}

static struct uprobe *find_active_uprobe(unsigned long bp_vaddr, int *is_swbp)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
        struct uprobe *uprobe = NULL;
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;

        down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
        vma = find_vma(mm, bp_vaddr);
        if (vma && vma->vm_start <= bp_vaddr) {
                if (valid_vma(vma, false)) {
                        struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
                        loff_t offset = vaddr_to_offset(vma, bp_vaddr);

                        uprobe = find_uprobe(inode, offset);
                }

                if (!uprobe)
                        *is_swbp = is_trap_at_addr(mm, bp_vaddr);
        } else {
                *is_swbp = -EFAULT;
        }

        if (!uprobe && test_and_clear_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &mm->flags))
                mmf_recalc_uprobes(mm);
        up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

        return uprobe;
}

static void handler_chain(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct uprobe_consumer *uc;
        int remove = UPROBE_HANDLER_REMOVE;
        bool need_prep = false; /* prepare return uprobe, when needed */

        down_read(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
        for (uc = uprobe->consumers; uc; uc = uc->next) {
                int rc = 0;

                if (uc->handler) {
                        rc = uc->handler(uc, regs);
                        WARN(rc & ~UPROBE_HANDLER_MASK,
                                "bad rc=0x%x from %pf()\n", rc, uc->handler);
                }

                if (uc->ret_handler)
                        need_prep = true;

                remove &= rc;
        }

        if (need_prep && !remove)
                prepare_uretprobe(uprobe, regs); /* put bp at return */

        if (remove && uprobe->consumers) {
                WARN_ON(!uprobe_is_active(uprobe));
                unapply_uprobe(uprobe, current->mm);
        }
        up_read(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
}

static void
handle_uretprobe_chain(struct return_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct uprobe *uprobe = ri->uprobe;
        struct uprobe_consumer *uc;

        down_read(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
        for (uc = uprobe->consumers; uc; uc = uc->next) {
                if (uc->ret_handler)
                        uc->ret_handler(uc, ri->func, regs);
        }
        up_read(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
}

static bool handle_trampoline(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct uprobe_task *utask;
        struct return_instance *ri, *tmp;
        bool chained;

        utask = current->utask;
        if (!utask)
                return false;

        ri = utask->return_instances;
        if (!ri)
                return false;

        /*
         * TODO: we should throw out return_instance's invalidated by
         * longjmp(), currently we assume that the probed function always
         * returns.
         */
        instruction_pointer_set(regs, ri->orig_ret_vaddr);

        for (;;) {
                handle_uretprobe_chain(ri, regs);

                chained = ri->chained;
                put_uprobe(ri->uprobe);

                tmp = ri;
                ri = ri->next;
                kfree(tmp);
                utask->depth--;

                if (!chained)
                        break;
                BUG_ON(!ri);
        }

        utask->return_instances = ri;

        return true;
}

/*
 * Run handler and ask thread to singlestep.
 * Ensure all non-fatal signals cannot interrupt thread while it singlesteps.
 */
static void handle_swbp(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct uprobe *uprobe;
        unsigned long bp_vaddr;
        int uninitialized_var(is_swbp);

        bp_vaddr = uprobe_get_swbp_addr(regs);
        if (bp_vaddr == get_trampoline_vaddr()) {
                if (handle_trampoline(regs))
                        return;

                pr_warn("uprobe: unable to handle uretprobe pid/tgid=%d/%d\n",
                                                current->pid, current->tgid);
        }

        uprobe = find_active_uprobe(bp_vaddr, &is_swbp);
        if (!uprobe) {
                if (is_swbp > 0) {
                        /* No matching uprobe; signal SIGTRAP. */
                        send_sig(SIGTRAP, current, 0);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * Either we raced with uprobe_unregister() or we can't
                         * access this memory. The latter is only possible if
                         * another thread plays with our ->mm. In both cases
                         * we can simply restart. If this vma was unmapped we
                         * can pretend this insn was not executed yet and get
                         * the (correct) SIGSEGV after restart.
                         */
                        instruction_pointer_set(regs, bp_vaddr);
                }
                return;
        }

        /* change it in advance for ->handler() and restart */
        instruction_pointer_set(regs, bp_vaddr);

        /*
         * TODO: move copy_insn/etc into _register and remove this hack.
         * After we hit the bp, _unregister + _register can install the
         * new and not-yet-analyzed uprobe at the same address, restart.
         */
        smp_rmb(); /* pairs with wmb() in install_breakpoint() */
        if (unlikely(!test_bit(UPROBE_COPY_INSN, &uprobe->flags)))
                goto out;

        handler_chain(uprobe, regs);
        if (can_skip_sstep(uprobe, regs))
                goto out;

        if (!pre_ssout(uprobe, regs, bp_vaddr))
                return;

        /* can_skip_sstep() succeeded, or restart if can't singlestep */
out:
        put_uprobe(uprobe);
}

/*
 * Perform required fix-ups and disable singlestep.
 * Allow pending signals to take effect.
 */
static void handle_singlestep(struct uprobe_task *utask, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct uprobe *uprobe;

        uprobe = utask->active_uprobe;
        if (utask->state == UTASK_SSTEP_ACK)
                arch_uprobe_post_xol(&uprobe->arch, regs);
        else if (utask->state == UTASK_SSTEP_TRAPPED)
                arch_uprobe_abort_xol(&uprobe->arch, regs);
        else
                WARN_ON_ONCE(1);

        put_uprobe(uprobe);
        utask->active_uprobe = NULL;
        utask->state = UTASK_RUNNING;
        xol_free_insn_slot(current);

        spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
        recalc_sigpending(); /* see uprobe_deny_signal() */
        spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
}

/*
 * On breakpoint hit, breakpoint notifier sets the TIF_UPROBE flag and
 * allows the thread to return from interrupt. After that handle_swbp()
 * sets utask->active_uprobe.
 *
 * On singlestep exception, singlestep notifier sets the TIF_UPROBE flag
 * and allows the thread to return from interrupt.
 *
 * While returning to userspace, thread notices the TIF_UPROBE flag and calls
 * uprobe_notify_resume().
 */
void uprobe_notify_resume(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct uprobe_task *utask;

        clear_thread_flag(TIF_UPROBE);

        utask = current->utask;
        if (utask && utask->active_uprobe)
                handle_singlestep(utask, regs);
        else
                handle_swbp(regs);
}

/*
 * uprobe_pre_sstep_notifier gets called from interrupt context as part of
 * notifier mechanism. Set TIF_UPROBE flag and indicate breakpoint hit.
 */
int uprobe_pre_sstep_notifier(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        if (!current->mm)
                return 0;

        if (!test_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &current->mm->flags) &&
            (!current->utask || !current->utask->return_instances))
                return 0;

        set_thread_flag(TIF_UPROBE);
        return 1;
}

/*
 * uprobe_post_sstep_notifier gets called in interrupt context as part of notifier
 * mechanism. Set TIF_UPROBE flag and indicate completion of singlestep.
 */
int uprobe_post_sstep_notifier(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct uprobe_task *utask = current->utask;

        if (!current->mm || !utask || !utask->active_uprobe)
                /* task is currently not uprobed */
                return 0;

        utask->state = UTASK_SSTEP_ACK;
        set_thread_flag(TIF_UPROBE);
        return 1;
}

static struct notifier_block uprobe_exception_nb = {
        .notifier_call          = arch_uprobe_exception_notify,
        .priority               = INT_MAX-1,    /* notified after kprobes, kgdb */
};

static int __init init_uprobes(void)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < UPROBES_HASH_SZ; i++)
                mutex_init(&uprobes_mmap_mutex[i]);

        if (percpu_init_rwsem(&dup_mmap_sem))
                return -ENOMEM;

        return register_die_notifier(&uprobe_exception_nb);
}
__initcall(init_uprobes);