hw-breakpoints: Separate constraint space for data and instruction breakpoints

[deliverable/linux.git] / kernel / hw_breakpoint.c

/*
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2007 Alan Stern
 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2009
 * Copyright (C) 2009, Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
 *
 * Thanks to Ingo Molnar for his many suggestions.
 *
 * Authors: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
 *          K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
 *          Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
 */

/*
 * HW_breakpoint: a unified kernel/user-space hardware breakpoint facility,
 * using the CPU's debug registers.
 * This file contains the arch-independent routines.
 */

#include <linux/irqflags.h>
#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/kdebug.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>

#include <linux/hw_breakpoint.h>

enum bp_type_idx {
        TYPE_INST       = 0,
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MIXED_BREAKPOINTS_REGS
        TYPE_DATA       = 0,
#else
        TYPE_DATA       = 1,
#endif
        TYPE_MAX
};

/*
 * Constraints data
 */

/* Number of pinned cpu breakpoints in a cpu */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned int, nr_cpu_bp_pinned[TYPE_MAX]);

/* Number of pinned task breakpoints in a cpu */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned int, nr_task_bp_pinned[TYPE_MAX][HBP_NUM]);

/* Number of non-pinned cpu/task breakpoints in a cpu */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned int, nr_bp_flexible[TYPE_MAX]);

/* Gather the number of total pinned and un-pinned bp in a cpuset */
struct bp_busy_slots {
        unsigned int pinned;
        unsigned int flexible;
};

/* Serialize accesses to the above constraints */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(nr_bp_mutex);

static inline enum bp_type_idx find_slot_idx(struct perf_event *bp)
{
        if (bp->attr.bp_type & HW_BREAKPOINT_RW)
                return TYPE_DATA;

        return TYPE_INST;
}

/*
 * Report the maximum number of pinned breakpoints a task
 * have in this cpu
 */
static unsigned int max_task_bp_pinned(int cpu, enum bp_type_idx type)
{
        int i;
        unsigned int *tsk_pinned = per_cpu(nr_task_bp_pinned[type], cpu);

        for (i = HBP_NUM -1; i >= 0; i--) {
                if (tsk_pinned[i] > 0)
                        return i + 1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int task_bp_pinned(struct task_struct *tsk, enum bp_type_idx type)
{
        struct perf_event_context *ctx = tsk->perf_event_ctxp;
        struct list_head *list;
        struct perf_event *bp;
        unsigned long flags;
        int count = 0;

        if (WARN_ONCE(!ctx, "No perf context for this task"))
                return 0;

        list = &ctx->event_list;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&ctx->lock, flags);

        /*
         * The current breakpoint counter is not included in the list
         * at the open() callback time
         */
        list_for_each_entry(bp, list, event_entry) {
                if (bp->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT)
                        if (find_slot_idx(bp) == type)
                                count++;
        }

        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ctx->lock, flags);

        return count;
}

/*
 * Report the number of pinned/un-pinned breakpoints we have in
 * a given cpu (cpu > -1) or in all of them (cpu = -1).
 */
static void
fetch_bp_busy_slots(struct bp_busy_slots *slots, struct perf_event *bp,
                    enum bp_type_idx type)
{
        int cpu = bp->cpu;
        struct task_struct *tsk = bp->ctx->task;

        if (cpu >= 0) {
                slots->pinned = per_cpu(nr_cpu_bp_pinned[type], cpu);
                if (!tsk)
                        slots->pinned += max_task_bp_pinned(cpu, type);
                else
                        slots->pinned += task_bp_pinned(tsk, type);
                slots->flexible = per_cpu(nr_bp_flexible[type], cpu);

                return;
        }

        for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
                unsigned int nr;

                nr = per_cpu(nr_cpu_bp_pinned[type], cpu);
                if (!tsk)
                        nr += max_task_bp_pinned(cpu, type);
                else
                        nr += task_bp_pinned(tsk, type);

                if (nr > slots->pinned)
                        slots->pinned = nr;

                nr = per_cpu(nr_bp_flexible[type], cpu);

                if (nr > slots->flexible)
                        slots->flexible = nr;
        }
}

/*
 * Add a pinned breakpoint for the given task in our constraint table
 */
static void toggle_bp_task_slot(struct task_struct *tsk, int cpu, bool enable,
                                enum bp_type_idx type)
{
        unsigned int *tsk_pinned;
        int count = 0;

        count = task_bp_pinned(tsk, type);

        tsk_pinned = per_cpu(nr_task_bp_pinned[type], cpu);
        if (enable) {
                tsk_pinned[count]++;
                if (count > 0)
                        tsk_pinned[count-1]--;
        } else {
                tsk_pinned[count]--;
                if (count > 0)
                        tsk_pinned[count-1]++;
        }
}

/*
 * Add/remove the given breakpoint in our constraint table
 */
static void
toggle_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp, bool enable, enum bp_type_idx type)
{
        int cpu = bp->cpu;
        struct task_struct *tsk = bp->ctx->task;

        /* Pinned counter task profiling */
        if (tsk) {
                if (cpu >= 0) {
                        toggle_bp_task_slot(tsk, cpu, enable, type);
                        return;
                }

                for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
                        toggle_bp_task_slot(tsk, cpu, enable, type);
                return;
        }

        /* Pinned counter cpu profiling */
        if (enable)
                per_cpu(nr_cpu_bp_pinned[type], bp->cpu)++;
        else
                per_cpu(nr_cpu_bp_pinned[type], bp->cpu)--;
}

/*
 * Contraints to check before allowing this new breakpoint counter:
 *
 *  == Non-pinned counter == (Considered as pinned for now)
 *
 *   - If attached to a single cpu, check:
 *
 *       (per_cpu(nr_bp_flexible, cpu) || (per_cpu(nr_cpu_bp_pinned, cpu)
 *           + max(per_cpu(nr_task_bp_pinned, cpu)))) < HBP_NUM
 *
 *       -> If there are already non-pinned counters in this cpu, it means
 *          there is already a free slot for them.
 *          Otherwise, we check that the maximum number of per task
 *          breakpoints (for this cpu) plus the number of per cpu breakpoint
 *          (for this cpu) doesn't cover every registers.
 *
 *   - If attached to every cpus, check:
 *
 *       (per_cpu(nr_bp_flexible, *) || (max(per_cpu(nr_cpu_bp_pinned, *))
 *           + max(per_cpu(nr_task_bp_pinned, *)))) < HBP_NUM
 *
 *       -> This is roughly the same, except we check the number of per cpu
 *          bp for every cpu and we keep the max one. Same for the per tasks
 *          breakpoints.
 *
 *
 * == Pinned counter ==
 *
 *   - If attached to a single cpu, check:
 *
 *       ((per_cpu(nr_bp_flexible, cpu) > 1) + per_cpu(nr_cpu_bp_pinned, cpu)
 *            + max(per_cpu(nr_task_bp_pinned, cpu))) < HBP_NUM
 *
 *       -> Same checks as before. But now the nr_bp_flexible, if any, must keep
 *          one register at least (or they will never be fed).
 *
 *   - If attached to every cpus, check:
 *
 *       ((per_cpu(nr_bp_flexible, *) > 1) + max(per_cpu(nr_cpu_bp_pinned, *))
 *            + max(per_cpu(nr_task_bp_pinned, *))) < HBP_NUM
 */
static int __reserve_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp)
{
        struct bp_busy_slots slots = {0};
        enum bp_type_idx type;

        /* Basic checks */
        if (bp->attr.bp_type == HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY ||
            bp->attr.bp_type == HW_BREAKPOINT_INVALID)
                return -EINVAL;

        type = find_slot_idx(bp);
        fetch_bp_busy_slots(&slots, bp, type);

        /* Flexible counters need to keep at least one slot */
        if (slots.pinned + (!!slots.flexible) == HBP_NUM)
                return -ENOSPC;

        toggle_bp_slot(bp, true, type);

        return 0;
}

int reserve_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp)
{
        int ret;

        mutex_lock(&nr_bp_mutex);

        ret = __reserve_bp_slot(bp);

        mutex_unlock(&nr_bp_mutex);

        return ret;
}

static void __release_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp)
{
        enum bp_type_idx type;

        type = find_slot_idx(bp);
        toggle_bp_slot(bp, false, type);
}

void release_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp)
{
        mutex_lock(&nr_bp_mutex);

        __release_bp_slot(bp);

        mutex_unlock(&nr_bp_mutex);
}

/*
 * Allow the kernel debugger to reserve breakpoint slots without
 * taking a lock using the dbg_* variant of for the reserve and
 * release breakpoint slots.
 */
int dbg_reserve_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp)
{
        if (mutex_is_locked(&nr_bp_mutex))
                return -1;

        return __reserve_bp_slot(bp);
}

int dbg_release_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp)
{
        if (mutex_is_locked(&nr_bp_mutex))
                return -1;

        __release_bp_slot(bp);

        return 0;
}

static int validate_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp)
{
        int ret;

        ret = arch_validate_hwbkpt_settings(bp);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        if (arch_check_bp_in_kernelspace(bp)) {
                if (bp->attr.exclude_kernel)
                        return -EINVAL;
                /*
                 * Don't let unprivileged users set a breakpoint in the trap
                 * path to avoid trap recursion attacks.
                 */
                if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
                        return -EPERM;
        }

        return 0;
}

int register_perf_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp)
{
        int ret;

        ret = reserve_bp_slot(bp);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = validate_hw_breakpoint(bp);

        /* if arch_validate_hwbkpt_settings() fails then release bp slot */
        if (ret)
                release_bp_slot(bp);

        return ret;
}

/**
 * register_user_hw_breakpoint - register a hardware breakpoint for user space
 * @attr: breakpoint attributes
 * @triggered: callback to trigger when we hit the breakpoint
 * @tsk: pointer to 'task_struct' of the process to which the address belongs
 */
struct perf_event *
register_user_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
                            perf_overflow_handler_t triggered,
                            struct task_struct *tsk)
{
        return perf_event_create_kernel_counter(attr, -1, tsk->pid, triggered);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_user_hw_breakpoint);

/**
 * modify_user_hw_breakpoint - modify a user-space hardware breakpoint
 * @bp: the breakpoint structure to modify
 * @attr: new breakpoint attributes
 * @triggered: callback to trigger when we hit the breakpoint
 * @tsk: pointer to 'task_struct' of the process to which the address belongs
 */
int modify_user_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp, struct perf_event_attr *attr)
{
        u64 old_addr = bp->attr.bp_addr;
        u64 old_len = bp->attr.bp_len;
        int old_type = bp->attr.bp_type;
        int err = 0;

        perf_event_disable(bp);

        bp->attr.bp_addr = attr->bp_addr;
        bp->attr.bp_type = attr->bp_type;
        bp->attr.bp_len = attr->bp_len;

        if (attr->disabled)
                goto end;

        err = validate_hw_breakpoint(bp);
        if (!err)
                perf_event_enable(bp);

        if (err) {
                bp->attr.bp_addr = old_addr;
                bp->attr.bp_type = old_type;
                bp->attr.bp_len = old_len;
                if (!bp->attr.disabled)
                        perf_event_enable(bp);

                return err;
        }

end:
        bp->attr.disabled = attr->disabled;

        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(modify_user_hw_breakpoint);

/**
 * unregister_hw_breakpoint - unregister a user-space hardware breakpoint
 * @bp: the breakpoint structure to unregister
 */
void unregister_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp)
{
        if (!bp)
                return;
        perf_event_release_kernel(bp);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_hw_breakpoint);

/**
 * register_wide_hw_breakpoint - register a wide breakpoint in the kernel
 * @attr: breakpoint attributes
 * @triggered: callback to trigger when we hit the breakpoint
 *
 * @return a set of per_cpu pointers to perf events
 */
struct perf_event * __percpu *
register_wide_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
                            perf_overflow_handler_t triggered)
{
        struct perf_event * __percpu *cpu_events, **pevent, *bp;
        long err;
        int cpu;

        cpu_events = alloc_percpu(typeof(*cpu_events));
        if (!cpu_events)
                return (void __percpu __force *)ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        get_online_cpus();
        for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
                pevent = per_cpu_ptr(cpu_events, cpu);
                bp = perf_event_create_kernel_counter(attr, cpu, -1, triggered);

                *pevent = bp;

                if (IS_ERR(bp)) {
                        err = PTR_ERR(bp);
                        goto fail;
                }
        }
        put_online_cpus();

        return cpu_events;

fail:
        for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
                pevent = per_cpu_ptr(cpu_events, cpu);
                if (IS_ERR(*pevent))
                        break;
                unregister_hw_breakpoint(*pevent);
        }
        put_online_cpus();

        free_percpu(cpu_events);
        return (void __percpu __force *)ERR_PTR(err);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_wide_hw_breakpoint);

/**
 * unregister_wide_hw_breakpoint - unregister a wide breakpoint in the kernel
 * @cpu_events: the per cpu set of events to unregister
 */
void unregister_wide_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event * __percpu *cpu_events)
{
        int cpu;
        struct perf_event **pevent;

        for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
                pevent = per_cpu_ptr(cpu_events, cpu);
                unregister_hw_breakpoint(*pevent);
        }
        free_percpu(cpu_events);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_wide_hw_breakpoint);

static struct notifier_block hw_breakpoint_exceptions_nb = {
        .notifier_call = hw_breakpoint_exceptions_notify,
        /* we need to be notified first */
        .priority = 0x7fffffff
};

static int __init init_hw_breakpoint(void)
{
        return register_die_notifier(&hw_breakpoint_exceptions_nb);
}
core_initcall(init_hw_breakpoint);


struct pmu perf_ops_bp = {
        .enable         = arch_install_hw_breakpoint,
        .disable        = arch_uninstall_hw_breakpoint,
        .read           = hw_breakpoint_pmu_read,
};