.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000 Free Software Foundation .\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution .TH objcopy 1 "05 April 2000" "Free Software Foundation" "GNU Development Tools" .de BP .sp .ti \-.2i \(** .. .SH NAME objcopy \- copy and translate object files .SH SYNOPSIS .hy 0 .na .TP .B objcopy .RB "[\|" \-F\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-j\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-R\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-remove\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-S\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-all\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-g\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-strip\-unneeded\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-K\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-N\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-L\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-W\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-x\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-all\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-X\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-b\ \fIbyte\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-i\ \fIinterleave\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-p\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-debugging "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-set\-start=\fIval\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-address\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-lma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-set\-section\-flags\ \fIsection=flags\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-add\-section\ \fIsectionname=filename\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-leading\-char\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-srec\-len=\fIval\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-srec\-forceS3\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-redefine\-sym\ \fIold=new\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-weaken\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-v\ |\ \-\-verbose\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-V\ |\ \-\-version\fR "\|]" .RB "[\|" \-\-help\fR "\|]" .B infile .RB "[\|" outfile\fR "\|]" .SH DESCRIPTION The GNU .B objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. .B objcopy uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write the destination object file in a format different from that of the source object file. The exact behavior of .B objcopy is controlled by command-line options. .PP .B objcopy creates temporary files to do its translations and deletes them afterward. .B objcopy uses BFD to do all its translation work; it knows about all the formats BFD knows about, and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told explicitly. .PP .B objcopy can be used to generate S-records by using an output target of .B srec (e.g., use .B -O srec). .PP .B objcopy can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an output target of .B binary (e.g., use .B -O binary). When .B objcopy generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce a memory dump of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and relocation information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at the virtual address of the lowest section copied into the output file. .PP When generating an S-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to use .B -S to remove sections containing debugging information. In some cases .B -R will be useful to remove sections which contain information which is not needed by the binary file. .PP .I infile and .I outfile are the source and output files respectively. If you do not specify .IR outfile , .B objcopy creates a temporary file and destructively renames the result with the name of the input file. .SH OPTIONS .TP .B \-I \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname Consider the source file's object format to be .IR bfdname , rather than attempting to deduce it. .TP .B \-O \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname Write the output file using the object format .IR bfdname . .TP .B \-F \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname Use .I bfdname as the object format for both the input and the output file; i.e. simply transfer data from source to destination with no translation. .TP .B \-j \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file, discarding all other sections. This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output file unusable. .TP .B \-R \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-remove-section=\fIsectionname Remove the named section from the file. This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output file unusable. .TP .B \-S\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-all Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file. .TP .B \-g\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-debug Do not copy debugging symbols from the source file. .TP .B \-\-strip\-unneeded Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing. .TP .B \-K \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname Copy only symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option may be given more than once. .TP .B \-N \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option may be given more than once. .TP .B \-L \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP local to the file, so that it is not visible externally. This option may be given more than once. .TP .B \-W \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP weak. This option may be given more than once. .TP .B \-x\fR, \fB\-\-discard\-all Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file. .TP .B \-X\fR, \fB\-\-discard\-locals Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols. (These usually start with "L" or "."). .TP .B \-b \fIbyte\fR, \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte Keep only every \fIbyte\fPth byte of the input file (header data is not affected). \fIbyte\fP can be in the range from 0 to the interleave-1. This option is useful for creating files to program ROMs. It is typically used with an srec output target. .TP .B \-i \fIinterleave\fR, \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave Only copy one out of every \fIinterleave\fP bytes. Which one to copy is selected by the \fB\-b\fP or \fB\-\-byte\fP option. The default is 4. The interleave is ignored if neither \fB\-b\fP nor \fB\-\-byte\fP is given. .TP .B \-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-dates Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same as those of the input file. .TP .B \-\-debugging Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the conversion process can be time consuming. .TP .B \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fP. This operation applies to the \fIload address\fP (LMA) of the sections. It is done by increasing the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra space created with \fIval\fP. .TP .B \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fP. This is done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fP (default zero). .TP .B \fB\-\-set\-start=\fIval Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fP. Not all object file formats support setting the start address. .TP .B \fB\-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fIincr Changes the start address by adding \fIincr\fP. Not all object file formats support setting the start address. .TP .B \fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fIincr Changes the address of all sections, as well as the start address, by adding \fIincr\fP. Some object file formats do not permit section addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail. .TP .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val Set or changes the VMA and LMA addresses of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. .TP .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val Set or change the LMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. .TP .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val Set or change the VMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. .TP .B \fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-warnings If \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, and the named section does not exist, issue a warning. This is the default. .TP .B \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, even if the named section does not exist. .TP .B \fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\ \fIsection=flags Set the flags for the named section. The \fIflags\fP argument is a comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are \fIalloc\fP, \fIcontents\fP, \fIload\fP, \fInoload\fP, \fIreadonly\fP, \fIcode\fP, \fIdata\fP, \fIrom\fP, \fIshare\fP, and \fIdebug\fP. Not all flags are meaningful for all object file formats. .TP .B \fB\-\-add\-section\ \fIsectionname=filename Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. The size of the section will be the size of the file. This option only works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary names. .TP .B \-\-change\-leading\-char Some object file formats use special characters at the start of symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers often add before every symbol. This option tells .B objcopy to change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between object file formats. If the object file formats use the same leading character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add a character, or remove a character, or change a character, as appropriate. .TP .B \-\-remove\-leading\-char If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading character used by the object file format, remove the character. The most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be useful if you want to link together objects of different file formats with different conventions for symbol names. This is different from \fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fP because it always changes the symbol name when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output .TP .B \fB\-\-srec\-len=\fIval Meaningful only for srec output. Set the length of the Srecords to \fIval\fP. This length covers both the address, data and crc fields. .TP .B \fB\-\-srec\-forceS3 Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records, creating S3-only record format. .TP .B \-\-redefine\-sym\ \fIold=new Change the name of symbol \fIold\fR to \fInew\fR. This can be useful when one is trying link two things together for which you have no source, and there are name collisions. .TP .B \-\-weaken Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. .TP .B \-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of archives, "\fBobjcopy \-V\fR" lists all members of the archive. .TP .B \-V\fR, \fB\-\-version Show the version number of .B objcopy and exit. .TP .B \-\-help Show a summary of the options to .B objcopy and exit. .SH "SEE ALSO" .RB "`\|" binutils "\|'" entry in .B info\c \&; .I The GNU Binary Utilities\c \&, Roland H. Pesch (June 1993). .SH COPYING Copyright (c) 1993, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .PP This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free Documenation License. That license is described in the GNU Free Documentation License section. .SH GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.1, March 2000 Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. .PP 0. 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