\input texinfo @c -*- Texinfo -*-
@setfilename binutils.info
-@c Copyright 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@include config.texi
@ifinfo
@c man begin COPYRIGHT
-Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
+2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
-section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
+section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
@c man end
@ignore
@c This file documents the GNU binary utilities "ar", "ld", "objcopy",
@c "objdump", "nm", "size", "strings", "strip", "readelf" and "ranlib".
@c
-@c Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
+@c 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c
@c This text may be freely distributed under the terms of the GNU
@c Free Documentation License.
@title The @sc{gnu} Binary Utilities
@subtitle Version @value{VERSION}
@sp 1
-@subtitle May 1993
+@subtitle @value{UPDATED}
@author Roland H. Pesch
@author Jeffrey M. Osier
@author Cygnus Support
@end tex
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 1998, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
+2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
- section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
+ section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
@end titlepage
@top Introduction
@cindex version
-This brief manual contains preliminary documentation for the @sc{gnu} binary
+This brief manual contains documentation for the @sc{gnu} binary
utilities (collectively version @value{VERSION}):
@iftex
* nlmconv:: Converts object code into an NLM
* windres:: Manipulate Windows resources
* dlltool:: Create files needed to build and use DLLs
+* Common Options:: Command-line options for all utilities
* Selecting The Target System:: How these utilities determine the target.
* Reporting Bugs:: Reporting Bugs
* GNU Free Documentation License:: GNU Free Documentation License
@page
@node ar cmdline
-@section Controlling @command{ar} on the command line
+@section Controlling @command{ar} on the Command Line
@smallexample
@c man begin SYNOPSIS ar
@command{ranlib} explicitly to update the symbol table index.
However, too many different systems assume quick append rebuilds the
-index, so GNU ar implements @code{q} as a synonym for @code{r}.
+index, so @sc{gnu} @command{ar} implements @samp{q} as a synonym for @samp{r}.
@item r
@cindex replacement in archive
@command{ar} ignores an initial option spelt @samp{-X32_64}, for
compatibility with AIX. The behaviour produced by this option is the
-default for GNU @command{ar}. @command{ar} does not support any of the other
+default for @sc{gnu} @command{ar}. @command{ar} does not support any of the other
@samp{-X} options; in particular, it does not support @option{-X32}
which is the default for AIX @command{ar}.
@end ignore
@node ar scripts
-@section Controlling @command{ar} with a script
+@section Controlling @command{ar} with a Script
@smallexample
ar -M [ <@var{script} ]
@c man begin SYNOPSIS nm
nm [@option{-a}|@option{--debug-syms}] [@option{-g}|@option{--extern-only}]
[@option{-B}] [@option{-C}|@option{--demangle}[=@var{style}]] [@option{-D}|@option{--dynamic}]
- [@option{-s}|@option{--print-armap}] [@option{-A}|@option{-o}|@option{--print-file-name}]
+ [@option{-S}|@option{--print-size}] [@option{-s}|@option{--print-armap}]
+ [@option{-A}|@option{-o}|@option{--print-file-name}][@option{--special-syms}]
[@option{-n}|@option{-v}|@option{--numeric-sort}] [@option{-p}|@option{--no-sort}]
[@option{-r}|@option{--reverse-sort}] [@option{--size-sort}] [@option{-u}|@option{--undefined-only}]
[@option{-t} @var{radix}|@option{--radix=}@var{radix}] [@option{-P}|@option{--portability}]
such as a global int variable as opposed to a large global array.
@item I
-The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol. This is a GNU
+The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol. This is a @sc{gnu}
extension to the a.out object file format which is rarely used.
@item N
weak object symbol. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal
defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error.
When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined,
-the value of the weak symbol becomes zero with no error.
+the value of the symbol is determined in a system-specific manner without
+error. On some systems, uppercase indicates that a default value has been
+specified.
+
@item -
The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file. In this case, the
Use the POSIX.2 standard output format instead of the default format.
Equivalent to @samp{-f posix}.
+@item -S
+@itemx --print-size
+Print size, not the value, of defined symbols for the @code{bsd} output format.
+
@item -s
@itemx --print-armap
@cindex symbol index, listing
@item --size-sort
Sort symbols by size. The size is computed as the difference between
the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol with the next higher
-value. The size of the symbol is printed, rather than the value.
+value. If the @code{bsd} output format is used the size of the symbol
+is printed, rather than the value, and @samp{-S} must be used in order
+both size and value to be printed.
+
+@item --special-syms
+Display symbols which have a target-specific special meaning. These
+symbols are usually used by the target for some special processing and
+are not normally helpful when included included in the normal symbol
+lists. For example for ARM targets this option would skip the mapping
+symbols used to mark transistions between ARM code, THUMB code and
+data.
@item -t @var{radix}
@itemx --radix=@var{radix}
[@option{-I} @var{bfdname}|@option{--input-target=}@var{bfdname}]
[@option{-O} @var{bfdname}|@option{--output-target=}@var{bfdname}]
[@option{-B} @var{bfdarch}|@option{--binary-architecture=}@var{bfdarch}]
- [@option{-S}|@option{--strip-all}] [@option{-g}|@option{--strip-debug}]
+ [@option{-S}|@option{--strip-all}]
+ [@option{-g}|@option{--strip-debug}]
[@option{-K} @var{symbolname}|@option{--keep-symbol=}@var{symbolname}]
[@option{-N} @var{symbolname}|@option{--strip-symbol=}@var{symbolname}]
+ [@option{--strip-unneeded-symbol=}@var{symbolname}]
[@option{-G} @var{symbolname}|@option{--keep-global-symbol=}@var{symbolname}]
[@option{-L} @var{symbolname}|@option{--localize-symbol=}@var{symbolname}]
+ [@option{--globalize-symbol=}@var{symbolname}]
[@option{-W} @var{symbolname}|@option{--weaken-symbol=}@var{symbolname}]
- [@option{-x}|@option{--discard-all}] [@option{-X}|@option{--discard-locals}]
+ [@option{-w}|@option{--wildcard}]
+ [@option{-x}|@option{--discard-all}]
+ [@option{-X}|@option{--discard-locals}]
[@option{-b} @var{byte}|@option{--byte=}@var{byte}]
[@option{-i} @var{interleave}|@option{--interleave=}@var{interleave}]
[@option{-j} @var{sectionname}|@option{--only-section=}@var{sectionname}]
[@option{-R} @var{sectionname}|@option{--remove-section=}@var{sectionname}]
[@option{-p}|@option{--preserve-dates}]
[@option{--debugging}]
- [@option{--gap-fill=}@var{val}] [@option{--pad-to=}@var{address}]
- [@option{--set-start=}@var{val}] [@option{--adjust-start=}@var{incr}]
+ [@option{--gap-fill=}@var{val}]
+ [@option{--pad-to=}@var{address}]
+ [@option{--set-start=}@var{val}]
+ [@option{--adjust-start=}@var{incr}]
[@option{--change-addresses=}@var{incr}]
[@option{--change-section-address} @var{section}@{=,+,-@}@var{val}]
[@option{--change-section-lma} @var{section}@{=,+,-@}@var{val}]
[@option{--set-section-flags} @var{section}=@var{flags}]
[@option{--add-section} @var{sectionname}=@var{filename}]
[@option{--rename-section} @var{oldname}=@var{newname}[,@var{flags}]]
- [@option{--change-leading-char} ] [@option{--remove-leading-char}]
- [@option{--srec-len=}@var{ival} ] [@option{--srec-forceS3}]
- [@option{--redefine-sym} @var{old}=@var{new} ]
+ [@option{--change-leading-char}] [@option{--remove-leading-char}]
+ [@option{--srec-len=}@var{ival}] [@option{--srec-forceS3}]
+ [@option{--redefine-sym} @var{old}=@var{new}]
+ [@option{--redefine-syms=}@var{filename}]
[@option{--weaken}]
[@option{--keep-symbols=}@var{filename}]
[@option{--strip-symbols=}@var{filename}]
+ [@option{--strip-unneeded-symbols=}@var{filename}]
[@option{--keep-global-symbols=}@var{filename}]
[@option{--localize-symbols=}@var{filename}]
+ [@option{--globalize-symbols=}@var{filename}]
[@option{--weaken-symbols=}@var{filename}]
- [@option{--alt-machine-code=@var{index}}]
+ [@option{--alt-machine-code=}@var{index}]
+ [@option{--prefix-symbols=}@var{string}]
+ [@option{--prefix-sections=}@var{string}]
+ [@option{--prefix-alloc-sections=}@var{string}]
+ [@option{--add-gnu-debuglink=}@var{path-to-file}]
+ [@option{--only-keep-debug}]
+ [@option{--writable-text}]
+ [@option{--readonly-text}]
+ [@option{--pure}]
+ [@option{--impure}]
[@option{-v}|@option{--verbose}]
[@option{-V}|@option{--version}]
- [@option{--help}]
+ [@option{--help}] [@option{--info}]
@var{infile} [@var{outfile}]
@c man end
@end smallexample
some cases @option{-R} will be useful to remove sections which contain
information that is not needed by the binary file.
-Note - @command{objcopy} is not able to change the endianness of its input
-files. If the input format has an endianness, (some formats do not),
+Note---@command{objcopy} is not able to change the endianness of its input
+files. If the input format has an endianness (some formats do not),
@command{objcopy} can only copy the inputs into file formats that have the
-same endianness or which have no endianness (eg @samp{srec}).
+same endianness or which have no endianness (e.g., @samp{srec}).
@c man end
@item -g
@itemx --strip-debug
-Do not copy debugging symbols from the source file.
+Do not copy debugging symbols or sections from the source file.
@item --strip-unneeded
Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.
@item -K @var{symbolname}
@itemx --keep-symbol=@var{symbolname}
-Copy only symbol @var{symbolname} from the source file. This option may
-be given more than once.
+When stripping symbols, keep symbol @var{symbolname} even if it would
+normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once.
@item -N @var{symbolname}
@itemx --strip-symbol=@var{symbolname}
Do not copy symbol @var{symbolname} from the source file. This option
may be given more than once.
+@item --strip-unneeded-symbol=@var{symbolname}
+Do not copy symbol @var{symbolname} from the source file unless it is needed
+by a relocation. This option may be given more than once.
+
@item -G @var{symbolname}
@itemx --keep-global-symbol=@var{symbolname}
Keep only symbol @var{symbolname} global. Make all other symbols local
@itemx --weaken-symbol=@var{symbolname}
Make symbol @var{symbolname} weak. This option may be given more than once.
+@item --globalize-symbol=@var{symbolname}
+Give symbol @var{symbolname} global scoping so that it is visible
+outside of the file in which it is defined. This option may be given
+more than once.
+
+@item -w
+@itemx --wildcard
+Permit regular expressions in @var{symbolname}s used in other command
+line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\) and
+square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol
+name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation
+point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol.
+For example:
+
+@smallexample
+ -w -W !foo -W fo*
+@end smallexample
+
+would cause objcopy to weaken all symbols that start with ``fo''
+except for the symbol ``foo''.
+
@item -x
@itemx --discard-all
Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.
when one is trying link two things together for which you have no
source, and there are name collisions.
+@item --redefine-syms=@var{filename}
+Apply @option{--redefine-sym} to each symbol pair "@var{old} @var{new}"
+listed in the file @var{filename}. @var{filename} is simply a flat file,
+with one symbol pair per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
+character. This option may be given more than once.
+
@item --weaken
Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. This can be useful
when building an object which will be linked against other objects using
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
This option may be given more than once.
+@item --strip-unneeded-symbols=@var{filename}
+Apply @option{--strip-unneeded-symbol} option to each symbol listed in
+the file @var{filename}. @var{filename} is simply a flat file, with one
+symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
+character. This option may be given more than once.
+
@item --keep-global-symbols=@var{filename}
Apply @option{--keep-global-symbol} option to each symbol listed in the
file @var{filename}. @var{filename} is simply a flat file, with one
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
This option may be given more than once.
+@item --globalize-symbols=@var{filename}
+Apply @option{--globalize-symbol} option to each symbol listed in the file
+@var{filename}. @var{filename} is simply a flat file, with one symbol
+name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
+This option may be given more than once.
+
@item --weaken-symbols=@var{filename}
Apply @option{--weaken-symbol} option to each symbol listed in the file
@var{filename}. @var{filename} is simply a flat file, with one symbol
new code, but other applications still depend on the original code
being used.
+@item --writable-text
+Mark the output text as writable. This option isn't meaningful for all
+object file formats.
+
+@item --readonly-text
+Make the output text write protected. This option isn't meaningful for all
+object file formats.
+
+@item --pure
+Mark the output file as demand paged. This option isn't meaningful for all
+object file formats.
+
+@item --impure
+Mark the output file as impure. This option isn't meaningful for all
+object file formats.
+
+@item --prefix-symbols=@var{string}
+Prefix all symbols in the output file with @var{string}.
+
+@item --prefix-sections=@var{string}
+Prefix all section names in the output file with @var{string}.
+
+@item --prefix-alloc-sections=@var{string}
+Prefix all the names of all allocated sections in the output file with
+@var{string}.
+
+@item --add-gnu-debuglink=@var{path-to-file}
+Creates a .gnu_debuglink section which contains a reference to @var{path-to-file}
+and adds it to the output file.
+
+@item --only-keep-debug
+Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be
+stripped by @option{--strip-debug} and leaving the debugging sections
+intact.
+
+The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with
+@option{--add-gnu-debuglink} to create a two part executable. One a
+stripped binary which will occupy less space in RAM and in a
+distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only
+needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure
+to create these files is as follows:
+
+@enumerate
+@item Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called
+@code{foo} then...
+@item Run @code{objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg} to
+create a file containing the debugging info.
+@item Run @code{objcopy --strip-debug foo} to create a
+stripped executable.
+@item Run @code{objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo}
+to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable.
+@end enumerate
+
+Note - the choice of @code{.dbg} as an extension for the debug info
+file is arbitrary. Also the @code{--only-keep-debug} step is
+optional. You could instead do this:
+
+@enumerate
+@item Link the executable as normal.
+@item Copy @code{foo} to @code{foo.full}
+@item Run @code{objcopy --strip-debug foo}
+@item Run @code{objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo}
+@end enumerate
+
+i.e. the file pointed to by the @option{--add-gnu-debuglink} can be the
+full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the
+@option{--only-keep-debug} switch.
+
@item -V
@itemx --version
Show the version number of @command{objcopy}.
@item --help
Show a summary of the options to @command{objcopy}.
+
+@item --info
+Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available.
@end table
@c man end
[@option{-f}|@option{--file-headers}]
[@option{--file-start-context}]
[@option{-g}|@option{--debugging}]
+ [@option{-e}|@option{--debugging-tags}]
[@option{-h}|@option{--section-headers}|@option{--headers}]
[@option{-i}|@option{--info}]
[@option{-j} @var{section}|@option{--section=}@var{section}]
[@option{-r}|@option{--reloc}]
[@option{-R}|@option{--dynamic-reloc}]
[@option{-s}|@option{--full-contents}]
+ [@option{-W}|@option{--dwarf}]
[@option{-G}|@option{--stabs}]
[@option{-t}|@option{--syms}]
[@option{-T}|@option{--dynamic-syms}]
[@option{--prefix-addresses}]
[@option{--[no-]show-raw-insn}]
[@option{--adjust-vma=}@var{offset}]
+ [@option{--special-syms}]
[@option{-V}|@option{--version}]
[@option{-H}|@option{--help}]
@var{objfile}@dots{}
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent. At least one option from the list
-@option{-a,-d,-D,-f,-g,-G,-h,-H,-p,-r,-R,-S,-t,-T,-V,-x} must be given.
+@option{-a,-d,-D,-e,-f,-g,-G,-h,-H,-p,-r,-R,-s,-S,-t,-T,-V,-x} must be given.
@table @env
@item -a
choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. @xref{c++filt},
for more information on demangling.
-@item -G
-@item --debugging
+@item -g
+@itemx --debugging
Display debugging information. This attempts to parse debugging
information stored in the file and print it out using a C like syntax.
Only certain types of debugging information have been implemented.
+Some other types are supported by @command{readelf -w}.
+@xref{readelf}.
+
+@item -e
+@itemx --debugging-tags
+Like @option{-g}, but the information is generated in a format compatible
+with ctags tool.
@item -d
@itemx --disassemble
When disassembling, print the complete address on each line. This is
the older disassembly format.
-@item --disassemble-zeroes
-Normally the disassembly output will skip blocks of zeroes. This
-option directs the disassembler to disassemble those blocks, just like
-any other data.
-
@item -EB
@itemx -EL
@itemx --endian=@{big|little@}
does not describe endianness information, such as S-records.
@item -f
-@itemx --file-header
+@itemx --file-headers
@cindex object file header
Display summary information from the overall header of
each of the @var{objfile} files.
context to the start of the file.
@item -h
-@itemx --section-header
-@itemx --header
+@itemx --section-headers
+@itemx --headers
@cindex section headers
Display summary information from the section headers of the
object file.
Instead, it shows the usual addresses, which are implicit for the
target.
-@item --help
+@item -H
+@itemx --help
Print a summary of the options to @command{objdump} and exit.
@item -i
@item -M @var{options}
@itemx --disassembler-options=@var{options}
Pass target specific information to the disassembler. Only supported on
-some targets.
+some targets. If it is necessary to specify more than one
+disassembler option then multiple @option{-M} options can be used or
+can be placed together into a comma separated list.
If the target is an ARM architecture then this switch can be used to
select which register name set is used during disassembler. Specifying
-@option{-M reg-name-std} (the default) will select the register names as
+@option{-M reg-names-std} (the default) will select the register names as
used in ARM's instruction set documentation, but with register 13 called
'sp', register 14 called 'lr' and register 15 called 'pc'. Specifying
@option{-M reg-names-apcs} will select the name set used by the ARM
There are also two variants on the APCS register naming scheme enabled
by @option{-M reg-names-atpcs} and @option{-M reg-names-special-atpcs} which
use the ARM/Thumb Procedure Call Standard naming conventions. (Either
-with the normal register name or the special register names).
+with the normal register names or the special register names).
This option can also be used for ARM architectures to force the
disassembler to interpret all instructions as Thumb instructions by
useful when attempting to disassemble thumb code produced by other
compilers.
+For the x86, some of the options duplicate functions of the @option{-m}
+switch, but allow finer grained control. Multiple selections from the
+following may be specified as a comma separated string.
+@option{x86-64}, @option{i386} and @option{i8086} select disassembly for
+the given architecture. @option{intel} and @option{att} select between
+intel syntax mode and AT&T syntax mode. @option{addr32},
+@option{addr16}, @option{data32} and @option{data16} specify the default
+address size and operand size. These four options will be overridden if
+@option{x86-64}, @option{i386} or @option{i8086} appear later in the
+option string. Lastly, @option{suffix}, when in AT&T mode,
+instructs the disassembler to print a mnemonic suffix even when the
+suffix could be inferred by the operands.
+
+For PPC, @option{booke}, @option{booke32} and @option{booke64} select
+disassembly of BookE instructions. @option{32} and @option{64} select
+PowerPC and PowerPC64 disassembly, respectively. @option{e300} selects
+disassembly for the e300 family.
+
+For MIPS, this option controls the printing of instruction mneumonic
+names and register names in disassembled instructions. Multiple
+selections from the following may be specified as a comma separated
+string, and invalid options are ignored:
+
+@table @code
+@item no-aliases
+Print the 'raw' instruction mneumonic instead of some pseudo
+instruction mneumonic. I.E. print 'daddu' or 'or' instead of 'move',
+'sll' instead of 'nop', etc.
+
+@item gpr-names=@var{ABI}
+Print GPR (general-purpose register) names as appropriate
+for the specified ABI. By default, GPR names are selected according to
+the ABI of the binary being disassembled.
+
+@item fpr-names=@var{ABI}
+Print FPR (floating-point register) names as
+appropriate for the specified ABI. By default, FPR numbers are printed
+rather than names.
+
+@item cp0-names=@var{ARCH}
+Print CP0 (system control coprocessor; coprocessor 0) register names
+as appropriate for the CPU or architecture specified by
+@var{ARCH}. By default, CP0 register names are selected according to
+the architecture and CPU of the binary being disassembled.
+
+@item hwr-names=@var{ARCH}
+Print HWR (hardware register, used by the @code{rdhwr} instruction) names
+as appropriate for the CPU or architecture specified by
+@var{ARCH}. By default, HWR names are selected according to
+the architecture and CPU of the binary being disassembled.
+
+@item reg-names=@var{ABI}
+Print GPR and FPR names as appropriate for the selected ABI.
+
+@item reg-names=@var{ARCH}
+Print CPU-specific register names (CP0 register and HWR names)
+as appropriate for the selected CPU or architecture.
+@end table
+
+For any of the options listed above, @var{ABI} or
+@var{ARCH} may be specified as @samp{numeric} to have numbers printed
+rather than names, for the selected types of registers.
+You can list the available values of @var{ABI} and @var{ARCH} using
+the @option{--help} option.
+
+For VAX, you can specify function entry addresses with @option{-M
+entry:0xf00ba}. You can use this multiple times to properly
+disassemble VAX binary files that don't contain symbol tables (like
+ROM dumps). In these cases, the function entry mask would otherwise
+be decoded as VAX instructions, which would probably lead the the rest
+of the function being wrongly disassembled.
+
@item -p
@itemx --private-headers
Print information that is specific to the object file format. The exact
@itemx --full-contents
@cindex sections, full contents
@cindex object file sections
-Display the full contents of any sections requested.
+Display the full contents of any sections requested. By default all
+non-empty sections are displayed.
@item -S
@itemx --source
When disassembling instructions, do not print the instruction bytes.
This is the default when @option{--prefix-addresses} is used.
+@item -W
+@itemx --dwarf
+@cindex DWARF
+@cindex debug symbols
+Displays the contents of the DWARF debug sections in the file, if any
+are present.
+
@item -G
-@item --stabs
+@itemx --stabs
@cindex stab
@cindex .stab
@cindex debug symbols
libraries. This is similar to the information provided by the @samp{nm}
program when given the @option{-D} (@option{--dynamic}) option.
-@item --version
+@item --special-syms
+When displaying symbols include those which the target considers to be
+special in some way and which would not normally be of interest to the
+user.
+
+@item -V
+@itemx --version
Print the version number of @command{objdump} and exit.
@item -x
-@itemx --all-header
+@itemx --all-headers
@cindex all header information, object file
@cindex header information, all
Display all available header information, including the symbol table and
relocation entries. Using @option{-x} is equivalent to specifying all of
-@option{-a -f -h -r -t}.
+@option{-a -f -h -p -r -t}.
@item -w
@itemx --wide
@cindex wide output, printing
Format some lines for output devices that have more than 80 columns.
+Also do not truncate symbol names when they are displayed.
+
+@item -z
+@itemx --disassemble-zeroes
+Normally the disassembly output will skip blocks of zeroes. This
+option directs the disassembler to disassemble those blocks, just like
+any other data.
@end table
@c man end
@smallexample
@c man begin SYNOPSIS size
size [@option{-A}|@option{-B}|@option{--format=}@var{compatibility}]
- [@option{--help}] [@option{-d}|@option{-o}|@option{-x}|@option{--radix=}@var{number}]
+ [@option{--help}]
+ [@option{-d}|@option{-o}|@option{-x}|@option{--radix=}@var{number}]
+ [@option{-t}|@option{--totals}]
[@option{--target=}@var{bfdname}] [@option{-V}|@option{--version}]
[@var{objfile}@dots{}]
@c man end
radices; decimal and hexadecimal for @option{-d} or @option{-x} output, or
octal and hexadecimal if you're using @option{-o}.
+@item -t
+@itemx --totals
+Show totals of all objects listed (Berkeley format listing mode only).
+
@item --target=@var{bfdname}
@cindex object code format
Specify that the object-code format for @var{objfile} is
@item -e @var{encoding}
@itemx --encoding=@var{encoding}
Select the character encoding of the strings that are to be found.
-Possible values for @var{encoding} are: @samp{s} = single-byte
-characters (ASCII, ISO 8859, etc., default), @samp{b} = 16-bit
-Bigendian, @samp{l} = 16-bit Littleendian, @samp{B} = 32-bit Bigendian,
-@samp{L} = 32-bit Littleendian. Useful for finding wide character
-strings.
+Possible values for @var{encoding} are: @samp{s} = single-7-bit-byte
+characters (ASCII, ISO 8859, etc., default), @samp{S} =
+single-8-bit-byte characters, @samp{b} = 16-bit bigendian, @samp{l} =
+16-bit littleendian, @samp{B} = 32-bit bigendian, @samp{L} = 32-bit
+littleendian. Useful for finding wide character strings.
@item --target=@var{bfdname}
@cindex object code format
@smallexample
@c man begin SYNOPSIS strip
-strip [@option{-F} @var{bfdname} |@option{--target=}@var{bfdname} ]
- [@option{-I} @var{bfdname} |@option{--input-target=}@var{bfdname} ]
- [@option{-O} @var{bfdname} |@option{--output-target=}@var{bfdname} ]
- [@option{-s}|@option{--strip-all}] [@option{-S}|@option{-g}|@option{--strip-debug}]
- [@option{-K} @var{symbolname} |@option{--keep-symbol=}@var{symbolname} ]
- [@option{-N} @var{symbolname} |@option{--strip-symbol=}@var{symbolname} ]
- [@option{-x}|@option{--discard-all} ] [@option{-X} |@option{--discard-locals}]
- [@option{-R} @var{sectionname} |@option{--remove-section=}@var{sectionname} ]
- [@option{-o} @var{file} ] [@option{-p}|@option{--preserve-dates}]
- [@option{-v} |@option{--verbose}] [@option{-V}|@option{--version}] [@option{--help}]
+strip [@option{-F} @var{bfdname} |@option{--target=}@var{bfdname}]
+ [@option{-I} @var{bfdname} |@option{--input-target=}@var{bfdname}]
+ [@option{-O} @var{bfdname} |@option{--output-target=}@var{bfdname}]
+ [@option{-s}|@option{--strip-all}]
+ [@option{-S}|@option{-g}|@option{-d}|@option{--strip-debug}]
+ [@option{-K} @var{symbolname} |@option{--keep-symbol=}@var{symbolname}]
+ [@option{-N} @var{symbolname} |@option{--strip-symbol=}@var{symbolname}]
+ [@option{-w}|@option{--wildcard}]
+ [@option{-x}|@option{--discard-all}] [@option{-X} |@option{--discard-locals}]
+ [@option{-R} @var{sectionname} |@option{--remove-section=}@var{sectionname}]
+ [@option{-o} @var{file}] [@option{-p}|@option{--preserve-dates}]
+ [@option{--only-keep-debug}]
+ [@option{-v} |@option{--verbose}] [@option{-V}|@option{--version}]
+ [@option{--help}] [@option{--info}]
@var{objfile}@dots{}
@c man end
@end smallexample
@item --help
Show a summary of the options to @command{strip} and exit.
-@item -I @var{bfdname}
+@item --info
+Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available.
+
+@item -I @var{bfdname}
@itemx --input-target=@var{bfdname}
Treat the original @var{objfile} as a file with the object
code format @var{bfdname}.
@item -g
@itemx -S
+@itemx -d
@itemx --strip-debug
Remove debugging symbols only.
@item -K @var{symbolname}
@itemx --keep-symbol=@var{symbolname}
-Keep only symbol @var{symbolname} from the source file. This option may
-be given more than once.
+When stripping symbols, keep symbol @var{symbolname} even if it would
+normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once.
@item -N @var{symbolname}
@itemx --strip-symbol=@var{symbolname}
@itemx --preserve-dates
Preserve the access and modification dates of the file.
+@item -w
+@itemx --wildcard
+Permit regular expressions in @var{symbolname}s used in other command
+line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\) and
+square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol
+name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation
+point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol.
+For example:
+
+@smallexample
+ -w -K !foo -K fo*
+@end smallexample
+
+would cause strip to only keep symbols that start with the letters
+``fo'', but to discard the symbol ``foo''.
+
@item -x
@itemx --discard-all
Remove non-global symbols.
Remove compiler-generated local symbols.
(These usually start with @samp{L} or @samp{.}.)
+@item --only-keep-debug
+Strip a file, removing any sections that would be stripped by
+@option{--strip-debug} and leaving the debugging sections.
+
+The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with
+@option{--add-gnu-debuglink} to create a two part executable. One a
+stripped binary which will occupy less space in RAM and in a
+distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only
+needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure
+to create these files is as follows:
+
+@enumerate
+@item Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called
+@code{foo} then...
+@item Run @code{objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg} to
+create a file containing the debugging info.
+@item Run @code{objcopy --strip-debug foo} to create a
+stripped executable.
+@item Run @code{objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo}
+to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable.
+@end enumerate
+
+Note - the choice of @code{.dbg} as an extension for the debug info
+file is arbitrary. Also the @code{--only-keep-debug} step is
+optional. You could instead do this:
+
+@enumerate
+@item Link the executable as normal.
+@item Copy @code{foo} to @code{foo.full}
+@item Run @code{strip --strip-debug foo}
+@item Run @code{objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo}
+@end enumerate
+
+ie the file pointed to by the @option{--add-gnu-debuglink} can be the
+full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the
+@option{--only-keep-debug} switch.
+
@item -V
@itemx --version
Show the version number for @command{strip}.
@smallexample
@c man begin SYNOPSIS cxxfilt
c++filt [@option{-_}|@option{--strip-underscores}]
- [@option{-j}|@option{--java}]
[@option{-n}|@option{--no-strip-underscores}]
+ [@option{-p}|@option{--no-params}]
+ [@option{-t}|@option{--types}]
+ [@option{-i}|@option{--no-verbose}]
[@option{-s} @var{format}|@option{--format=}@var{format}]
[@option{--help}] [@option{--version}] [@var{symbol}@dots{}]
@c man end
@c man begin DESCRIPTION cxxfilt
@kindex cxxfilt
-The C++ and Java languages provides function overloading, which means
-that you can write many functions with the same name (providing each
-takes parameters of different types). All C++ and Java function names
-are encoded into a low-level assembly label (this process is known as
-@dfn{mangling}). The @command{c++filt}
-@footnote{MS-DOS does not allow @kbd{+} characters in file names, so on
-MS-DOS this program is named @command{cxxfilt}.}
+The C++ and Java languages provide function overloading, which means
+that you can write many functions with the same name, providing that
+each function takes parameters of different types. In order to be
+able to distinguish these similarly named functions C++ and Java
+encode them into a low-level assembler name which uniquely identifies
+each different version. This process is known as @dfn{mangling}. The
+@command{c++filt}
+@footnote{MS-DOS does not allow @kbd{+} characters in file names, so on
+MS-DOS this program is named @command{CXXFILT}.}
program does the inverse mapping: it decodes (@dfn{demangles}) low-level
-names into user-level names so that the linker can keep these overloaded
-functions from clashing.
+names into user-level names so that they can be read.
Every alphanumeric word (consisting of letters, digits, underscores,
-dollars, or periods) seen in the input is a potential label. If the
-label decodes into a C++ name, the C++ name replaces the low-level
-name in the output.
+dollars, or periods) seen in the input is a potential mangled name.
+If the name decodes into a C++ name, the C++ name replaces the
+low-level name in the output, otherwise the original word is output.
+In this way you can pass an entire assembler source file, containing
+mangled names, through @command{c++filt} and see the same source file
+containing demangled names.
-You can use @command{c++filt} to decipher individual symbols:
+You can also use @command{c++filt} to decipher individual symbols by
+passing them on the command line:
@example
c++filt @var{symbol}
@end example
If no @var{symbol} arguments are given, @command{c++filt} reads symbol
-names from the standard input and writes the demangled names to the
-standard output. All results are printed on the standard output.
+names from the standard input instead. All the results are printed on
+the standard output. The difference between reading names from the
+command line versus reading names from the standard input is that
+command line arguments are expected to be just mangled names and no
+checking is performed to seperate them from surrounding text. Thus
+for example:
+
+@smallexample
+c++filt -n _Z1fv
+@end smallexample
+
+will work and demangle the name to ``f()'' whereas:
+
+@smallexample
+c++filt -n _Z1fv,
+@end smallexample
+
+will not work. (Note the extra comma at the end of the mangled
+name which makes it invalid). This command however will work:
+
+@smallexample
+echo _Z1fv, | c++filt -n
+@end smallexample
+
+and will display ``f(),'' ie the demangled name followed by a
+trailing comma. This behaviour is because when the names are read
+from the standard input it is expected that they might be part of an
+assembler source file where there might be extra, extraneous
+characters trailing after a mangled name. eg:
+
+@smallexample
+ .type _Z1fv, @@function
+@end smallexample
@c man end
@itemx --no-strip-underscores
Do not remove the initial underscore.
+@item -p
+@itemx --no-params
+When demangling the name of a function, do not display the types of
+the function's parameters.
+
+@item -t
+@itemx --types
+Attempt to demangle types as well as function names. This is disabled
+by default since mangled types are normally only used internally in
+the compiler, and they can be confused with non-mangled names. eg
+a function called ``a'' treated as a mangled type name would be
+demangled to ``signed char''.
+
+@item -i
+@itemx --no-verbose
+Do not include implementation details (if any) in the demangled
+output.
+
@item -s @var{format}
@itemx --format=@var{format}
-@sc{gnu} @command{nm} can decode three different methods of mangling, used by
-different C++ compilers. The argument to this option selects which
+@command{c++filt} can decode various methods of mangling, used by
+different compilers. The argument to this option selects which
method it uses:
@table @code
+@item auto
+Automatic selection based on executable (the default method)
@item gnu
-the one used by the @sc{gnu} compiler (the default method)
+the one used by the @sc{gnu} C++ compiler (g++)
@item lucid
-the one used by the Lucid compiler
+the one used by the Lucid compiler (lcc)
@item arm
the one specified by the C++ Annotated Reference Manual
@item hp
-the one used by the HP compiler
+the one used by the HP compiler (aCC)
@item edg
the one used by the EDG compiler
-@item gnu-new-abi
-the one used by the @sc{gnu} compiler with the new ABI.
+@item gnu-v3
+the one used by the @sc{gnu} C++ compiler (g++) with the V3 ABI.
+@item java
+the one used by the @sc{gnu} Java compiler (gcj)
+@item gnat
+the one used by the @sc{gnu} Ada compiler (GNAT).
@end table
@item --help
@smallexample
@c man begin SYNOPSIS addr2line
addr2line [@option{-b} @var{bfdname}|@option{--target=}@var{bfdname}]
- [@option{-C}|@option{--demangle}[=@var{style}]
+ [@option{-C}|@option{--demangle}[=@var{style}]]
[@option{-e} @var{filename}|@option{--exe=}@var{filename}]
[@option{-f}|@option{--functions}] [@option{-s}|@option{--basename}]
+ [@option{-i}|@option{--inlines}]
[@option{-H}|@option{--help}] [@option{-V}|@option{--version}]
[addr addr @dots{}]
@c man end
@item -s
@itemx --basenames
Display only the base of each file name.
+
+@item -i
+@itemx --inlines
+If the address belongs to a function that was inlined, the source
+information for all enclosing scopes back to the first non-inlined
+function will also be printed. For example, if @code{main} inlines
+@code{callee1} which inlines @code{callee2}, and address is from
+@code{callee2}, the source information for @code{callee1} and @code{main}
+will also be printed.
@end table
@c man end
@command{windres} will use the first non-option argument, after any used
for the input file name, as the output file name. If there is no
non-option argument, then @command{windres} will write to standard output.
-@command{windres} can not write a COFF file to standard output.
+@command{windres} can not write a COFF file to standard output. Note,
+for compatability with @command{rc} the option @option{-fo} is also
+accepted, but its use is not recommended.
-@item -I @var{format}
+@item -J @var{format}
@itemx --input-format @var{format}
The input format to read. @var{format} may be @samp{res}, @samp{rc}, or
@samp{coff}. If no input format is specified, @command{windres} will
to use, including any leading arguments. The default preprocessor
argument is @code{gcc -E -xc-header -DRC_INVOKED}.
-@item --include-dir @var{directory}
+@item -I @var{directory}
+@itemx --include-dir @var{directory}
Specify an include directory to use when reading an @code{rc} file.
@command{windres} will pass this to the preprocessor as an @option{-I}
option. @command{windres} will also search this directory when looking for
-files named in the @code{rc} file.
+files named in the @code{rc} file. If the argument passed to this command
+matches any of the supported @var{formats} (as descrived in the @option{-J}
+option), it will issue a deprecation warning, and behave just like the
+@option{-J} option. New programs should not use this behaviour. If a
+directory happens to match a @var{format}, simple prefix it with @samp{./}
+to disable the backward compatibility.
@item -D @var{target}
@itemx --define @var{sym}[=@var{val}]
Specify a @option{-D} option to pass to the preprocessor when reading an
@code{rc} file.
+@item -U @var{target}
+@itemx --undefine @var{sym}
+Specify a @option{-U} option to pass to the preprocessor when reading an
+@code{rc} file.
+
+@item -r
+Ignored for compatibility with rc.
+
@item -v
Enable verbose mode. This tells you what the preprocessor is if you
didn't specify one.
+@item -l @var{val}
@item --language @var{val}
Specify the default language to use when reading an @code{rc} file.
@var{val} should be a hexadecimal language code. The low eight bits are
Use popen, not a temporary file, to read the output of the preprocessor.
This is the default behaviour.
+@item -h
@item --help
Prints a usage summary.
+@item -V
@item --version
Prints the version number for @command{windres}.
@end ignore
@node dlltool
-@chapter Create files needed to build and use DLLs
+@chapter dlltool
@cindex DLL
@kindex dlltool
-@command{dlltool} may be used to create the files needed to build and use
-dynamic link libraries (DLLs).
+@command{dlltool} is used to create the files needed to create dynamic
+link libraries (DLLs) on systems which understand PE format image
+files such as Windows. A DLL contains an export table which contains
+information that the runtime loader needs to resolve references from a
+referencing program.
+
+The export table is generated by this program by reading in a
+@file{.def} file or scanning the @file{.a} and @file{.o} files which
+will be in the DLL. A @file{.o} file can contain information in
+special @samp{.drectve} sections with export information.
@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} @command{dlltool} is not always built as part of the binary
-utilities, since it is only useful for those targets which support DLLs.
+@emph{Note:} @command{dlltool} is not always built as part of the
+binary utilities, since it is only useful for those targets which
+support DLLs.
@end quotation
@c man title dlltool Create files needed to build and use DLLs.
[@option{-D}|@option{--dllname} @var{name}] [@option{-m}|@option{--machine} @var{machine}]
[@option{-a}|@option{--add-indirect}] [@option{-U}|@option{--add-underscore}] [@option{-k}|@option{--kill-at}]
[@option{-A}|@option{--add-stdcall-alias}]
+ [@option{-p}|@option{--ext-prefix-alias} @var{prefix}]
[@option{-x}|@option{--no-idata4}] [@option{-c}|@option{--no-idata5}] [@option{-i}|@option{--interwork}]
- [@option{-n}|@option{--nodelete}] [@option{-v}|@option{--verbose}]
+ [@option{-n}|@option{--nodelete}] [@option{-t}|@option{--temp-prefix} @var{prefix}]
+ [@option{-v}|@option{--verbose}]
[@option{-h}|@option{--help}] [@option{-V}|@option{--version}]
[object-file @dots{}]
@c man end
to have three other files. @command{dlltool} can help with the creation of
these files.
-The first file is a @samp{.def} file which specifies which functions are
+The first file is a @file{.def} file which specifies which functions are
exported from the DLL, which functions the DLL imports, and so on. This
is a text file and can be created by hand, or @command{dlltool} can be used
to create it using the @option{-z} option. In this case @command{dlltool}
will scan the object files specified on its command line looking for
those functions which have been specially marked as being exported and
-put entries for them in the .def file it creates.
+put entries for them in the @file{.def} file it creates.
In order to mark a function as being exported from a DLL, it needs to
have an @option{-export:<name_of_function>} entry in the @samp{.drectve}
is linked with the object files that make up the body of the DLL and it
handles the interface between the DLL and the outside world. This is a
binary file and it can be created by giving the @option{-e} option to
-@command{dlltool} when it is creating or reading in a .def file.
+@command{dlltool} when it is creating or reading in a @file{.def} file.
The third file needed for DLL creation is the library file that programs
will link with in order to access the functions in the DLL. This file
can be created by giving the @option{-l} option to dlltool when it
-is creating or reading in a .def file.
+is creating or reading in a @file{.def} file.
@command{dlltool} builds the library file by hand, but it builds the
exports file by creating temporary files containing assembler statements
@item -d @var{filename}
@itemx --input-def @var{filename}
@cindex input .def file
-Specifies the name of a .def file to be read in and processed.
+Specifies the name of a @file{.def} file to be read in and processed.
@item -b @var{filename}
@itemx --base-file @var{filename}
@item -z @var{filename}
@itemx --output-def @var{filename}
-Specifies the name of the .def file to be created by dlltool.
+Specifies the name of the @file{.def} file to be created by dlltool.
@item -l @var{filename}
@itemx --output-lib @var{filename}
@option{--exclude-symbols} option.
@item --no-export-all-symbols
-Only export symbols explicitly listed in an input .def file or in
+Only export symbols explicitly listed in an input @file{.def} file or in
@samp{.drectve} sections in the input object files. This is the default
behaviour. The @samp{.drectve} sections are created by @samp{dllexport}
attributes in the source code.
Specifies the path, including the filename, of the assembler to be used
to create the exports file.
-@item -f @var{switches}
-@itemx --as-flags @var{switches}
-Specifies any specific command line switches to be passed to the
+@item -f @var{options}
+@itemx --as-flags @var{options}
+Specifies any specific command line options to be passed to the
assembler when building the exports file. This option will work even if
the @option{-S} option is not used. This option only takes one argument,
and if it occurs more than once on the command line, then later
occurrences will override earlier occurrences. So if it is necessary to
-pass multiple switches to the assembler they should be enclosed in
+pass multiple options to the assembler they should be enclosed in
double quotes.
@item -D @var{name}
@itemx --dll-name @var{name}
-Specifies the name to be stored in the .def file as the name of the DLL
-when the @option{-e} option is used. If this option is not present, then
-the filename given to the @option{-e} option will be used as the name of
-the DLL.
+Specifies the name to be stored in the @file{.def} file as the name of
+the DLL when the @option{-e} option is used. If this option is not
+present, then the filename given to the @option{-e} option will be
+used as the name of the DLL.
@item -m @var{machine}
@itemx -machine @var{machine}
should add aliases for stdcall symbols without @samp{@@ <number>}
in addition to the symbols with @samp{@@ <number>}.
+@item -p
+@itemx --ext-prefix-alias @var{prefix}
+Causes @command{dlltool} to create external aliases for all DLL
+imports with the specified prefix. The aliases are created for both
+external and import symbols with no leading underscore.
+
@item -x
@itemx --no-idata4
Specifies that when @command{dlltool} is creating the exports and library
Makes @command{dlltool} preserve the temporary assembler files it used to
create the exports file. If this option is repeated then dlltool will
also preserve the temporary object files it uses to create the library
-file.
+file.
+
+@item -t @var{prefix}
+@itemx --temp-prefix @var{prefix}
+Makes @command{dlltool} use @var{prefix} when constructing the names of
+temporary assembler and object files. By default, the temp file prefix
+is generated from the pid.
@item -v
@itemx --verbose
@c man end
+@menu
+* def file format:: The format of the dlltool @file{.def} file
+@end menu
+
+@node def file format
+@section The format of the @command{dlltool} @file{.def} file
+
+A @file{.def} file contains any number of the following commands:
+
+@table @asis
+
+@item @code{NAME} @var{name} @code{[ ,} @var{base} @code{]}
+The result is going to be named @var{name}@code{.exe}.
+
+@item @code{LIBRARY} @var{name} @code{[ ,} @var{base} @code{]}
+The result is going to be named @var{name}@code{.dll}.
+
+@item @code{EXPORTS ( ( (} @var{name1} @code{[ = } @var{name2} @code{] ) | ( } @var{name1} @code{=} @var{module-name} @code{.} @var{external-name} @code{) )}
+@item @code{[} @var{integer} @code{] [ NONAME ] [ CONSTANT ] [ DATA ] [ PRIVATE ] ) *}
+Declares @var{name1} as an exported symbol from the DLL, with optional
+ordinal number @var{integer}, or declares @var{name1} as an alias
+(forward) of the function @var{external-name} in the DLL
+@var{module-name}.
+
+@item @code{IMPORTS ( (} @var{internal-name} @code{=} @var{module-name} @code{.} @var{integer} @code{) | [} @var{internal-name} @code{= ]} @var{module-name} @code{.} @var{external-name} @code{) ) *}
+Declares that @var{external-name} or the exported function whose
+ordinal number is @var{integer} is to be imported from the file
+@var{module-name}. If @var{internal-name} is specified then this is
+the name that the imported function will be referred to in the body of
+the DLL.
+
+@item @code{DESCRIPTION} @var{string}
+Puts @var{string} into the output @file{.exp} file in the
+@code{.rdata} section.
+
+@item @code{STACKSIZE} @var{number-reserve} @code{[, } @var{number-commit} @code{]}
+@item @code{HEAPSIZE} @var{number-reserve} @code{[, } @var{number-commit} @code{]}
+Generates @code{--stack} or @code{--heap}
+@var{number-reserve},@var{number-commit} in the output @code{.drectve}
+section. The linker will see this and act upon it.
+
+@item @code{CODE} @var{attr} @code{+}
+@item @code{DATA} @var{attr} @code{+}
+@item @code{SECTIONS (} @var{section-name} @var{attr}@code{ + ) *}
+Generates @code{--attr} @var{section-name} @var{attr} in the output
+@code{.drectve} section, where @var{attr} is one of @code{READ},
+@code{WRITE}, @code{EXECUTE} or @code{SHARED}. The linker will see
+this and act upon it.
+
+@end table
+
@ignore
@c man begin SEEALSO dlltool
-the Info entries for @file{binutils}.
+The Info pages for @file{binutils}.
@c man end
@end ignore
[@option{-h}|@option{--file-header}]
[@option{-l}|@option{--program-headers}|@option{--segments}]
[@option{-S}|@option{--section-headers}|@option{--sections}]
+ [@option{-g}|@option{--section-groups}]
+ [@option{-t}|@option{--section-details}]
[@option{-e}|@option{--headers}]
[@option{-s}|@option{--syms}|@option{--symbols}]
[@option{-n}|@option{--notes}]
[@option{-u}|@option{--unwind}]
[@option{-d}|@option{--dynamic}]
[@option{-V}|@option{--version-info}]
+ [@option{-A}|@option{--arch-specific}]
[@option{-D}|@option{--use-dynamic}]
[@option{-x} <number>|@option{--hex-dump=}<number>]
- [@option{-w[liaprmf]}|@option{--debug-dump}[=line,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=ranges,=macro,=frames]]
- [@option{-histogram}]
+ [@option{-w[liaprmfFsoR]}|
+ @option{--debug-dump}[=line,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges]]
+ [@option{-I}|@option{-histogram}]
[@option{-v}|@option{--version}]
+ [@option{-W}|@option{--wide}]
[@option{-H}|@option{--help}]
@var{elffile}@dots{}
@c man end
@command{readelf} displays information about one or more ELF format object
files. The options control what particular information to display.
-@var{elffile}@dots{} are the object files to be examined. At the
-moment, @command{readelf} does not support examining archives, nor does it
-support examing 64 bit ELF files.
+@var{elffile}@dots{} are the object files to be examined. 32-bit and
+64-bit ELF files are supported, as are archives containing ELF files.
+
+This program performs a similar function to @command{objdump} but it
+goes into more detail and it exists independently of the @sc{bfd}
+library, so if there is a bug in @sc{bfd} then readelf will not be
+affected.
@c man end
Displays the information contained in the file's section headers, if it
has any.
+@item -g
+@itemx --section-groups
+@cindex ELF section group information
+Displays the information contained in the file's section groups, if it
+has any.
+
+@item -t
+@itemx --section-details
+@cindex ELF section information
+Displays the detailed section information. Implies @option{-S}.
+
@item -s
@itemx --symbols
@itemx --syms
@item -n
@itemx --notes
-@cindex ELF core notes
-Displays the contents of the NOTE segment, if it exists.
+@cindex ELF notes
+Displays the contents of the NOTE segments and/or sections, if any.
@item -r
@itemx --relocs
Displays the contents of the version sections in the file, it they
exist.
+@item -A
+@itemx --arch-specific
+Displays architecture-specific information in the file, if there
+is any.
+
@item -D
@itemx --use-dynamic
When displaying symbols, this option makes @command{readelf} use the
@itemx --hex-dump=<number>
Displays the contents of the indicated section as a hexadecimal dump.
-@item -w[liaprmf]
-@itemx --debug-dump[=line,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=ranges,=macro,=frames]
+@item -w[liaprmfFsoR]
+@itemx --debug-dump[=line,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges]
Displays the contents of the debug sections in the file, if any are
present. If one of the optional letters or words follows the switch
then only data found in those specific sections will be dumped.
-@item --histogram
+@item -I
+@itemx --histogram
Display a histogram of bucket list lengths when displaying the contents
of the symbol tables.
@itemx --version
Display the version number of readelf.
+@item -W
+@itemx --wide
+Don't break output lines to fit into 80 columns. By default
+@command{readelf} breaks section header and segment listing lines for
+64-bit ELF files, so that they fit into 80 columns. This option causes
+@command{readelf} to print each section header resp. each segment one a
+single line, which is far more readable on terminals wider than 80 columns.
+
@item -H
@itemx --help
Display the command line options understood by @command{readelf}.
@c man end
@end ignore
+@node Common Options
+@chapter Common Options
+
+The following command-line options are supported by all of the
+programs described in this manual.
+
+@table @env
+@include @value{top_srcdir}/../libiberty/at-file.texi
+
+@item --help
+Display the command-line options supported by the program.
+
+@item --version
+Display the version number of the program.
+
+@end table
+
@node Selecting The Target System
-@chapter Selecting the target system
+@chapter Selecting the Target System
-You can specify three aspects of the target system to the @sc{gnu}
+You can specify two aspects of the target system to the @sc{gnu}
binary file utilities, each in several ways:
@itemize @bullet
@item
the architecture
-
-@item
-the linker emulation (which applies to the linker only)
@end itemize
In the following summaries, the lists of ways to specify values are in
@menu
* Target Selection::
* Architecture Selection::
-* Linker Emulation Selection::
@end menu
@node Target Selection
deduced from the input file
@end enumerate
-@subheading Linker Input Target
-
-Ways to specify:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-command line option: @option{-b} or @option{--format}
-(@pxref{Options,,Options,ld.info,Using LD})
-
-@item
-script command @code{TARGET}
-(@pxref{Option Commands,,Option Commands,ld.info,Using LD})
-
-@item
-environment variable @code{GNUTARGET}
-(@pxref{Environment,,Environment,ld.info,Using LD})
-
-@item
-the default target of the selected linker emulation
-(@pxref{Linker Emulation Selection})
-@end enumerate
-
-@subheading Linker Output Target
-
-Ways to specify:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-command line option: @option{-oformat}
-(@pxref{Options,,Options,ld.info,Using LD})
-
-@item
-script command @code{OUTPUT_FORMAT}
-(@pxref{Option Commands,,Option Commands,ld.info,Using LD})
-
-@item
-the linker input target (see ``Linker Input Target'' above)
-@end enumerate
-
@node Architecture Selection
-@section Architecture selection
+@section Architecture Selection
An @dfn{architecture} is a type of @sc{cpu} on which an object file is
to run. Its name may contain a colon, separating the name of the
deduced from the input file
@end enumerate
-@subheading Linker Input Architecture
-
-Ways to specify:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-deduced from the input file
-@end enumerate
-
-@subheading Linker Output Architecture
-
-Ways to specify:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-script command @code{OUTPUT_ARCH}
-(@pxref{Option Commands,,Option Commands,ld.info,Using LD})
-
-@item
-the default architecture from the linker output target
-(@pxref{Target Selection})
-@end enumerate
-
-@node Linker Emulation Selection
-@section Linker emulation selection
-
-A linker @dfn{emulation} is a ``personality'' of the linker, which gives
-the linker default values for the other aspects of the target system.
-In particular, it consists of
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-the linker script
-
-@item
-the target
-
-@item
-several ``hook'' functions that are run at certain stages of the linking
-process to do special things that some targets require
-@end itemize
-
-The command to list valid linker emulation values is @samp{ld -V}.
-
-Sample values: @samp{hp300bsd}, @samp{mipslit}, @samp{sun4}.
-
-Ways to specify:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-command line option: @option{-m}
-(@pxref{Options,,Options,ld.info,Using LD})
-
-@item
-environment variable @code{LDEMULATION}
-
-@item
-compiled-in @code{DEFAULT_EMULATION} from @file{Makefile},
-which comes from @code{EMUL} in @file{config/@var{target}.mt}
-@end enumerate
-
@node Reporting Bugs
@chapter Reporting Bugs
@cindex bugs
@end menu
@node Bug Criteria
-@section Have you found a bug?
+@section Have You Found a Bug?
@cindex bug criteria
If you are not sure whether you have found a bug, here are some guidelines:
@end itemize
@node Bug Reporting
-@section How to report bugs
+@section How to Report Bugs
@cindex bug reports
@cindex bugs, reporting
that the bug has not been reported previously.
Sometimes people give a few sketchy facts and ask, ``Does this ring a
-bell?'' Those bug reports are useless, and we urge everyone to
-@emph{refuse to respond to them} except to chide the sender to report
-bugs properly.
+bell?'' This cannot help us fix a bug, so it is basically useless. We
+respond by asking for enough details to enable us to investigate.
+You might as well expedite matters by sending them to begin with.
To enable us to fix the bug, you should include all these things:
things without first using the debugger to find the facts.
@end itemize
-@node GNU Free Documentation License
-@chapter GNU Free Documentation License
-@cindex GNU Free Documentation License
-
- GNU Free Documentation License
-
- Version 1.1, March 2000
-
- Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
-
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-
-0. PREAMBLE
-
-The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
-written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
-the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
-modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
-this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
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-modifications made by others.
-
-This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
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-complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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-
-We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
-software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
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-software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
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-principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
-
-
-1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
-
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-The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
-plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
-this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
-formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
-the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
-preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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-2. VERBATIM COPYING
-
-You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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-to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
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-3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
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-
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-4. MODIFICATIONS
-
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-A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
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-C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
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-D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
-E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
- adjacent to the other copyright notices.
-F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
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- terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
-G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
- and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
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- or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
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-"History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
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-entitled "Endorsements."
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-6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
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-7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
-
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-parties remain in full compliance.
-
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-10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
-
-The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
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-ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
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-@smallexample
- Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
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- under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
- or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
- with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
- Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
- A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
- Free Documentation License".
-@end smallexample
-
-If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
-instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
-Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
-"Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
-
-If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
-recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
-free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
-to permit their use in free software.
+@include fdl.texi
@node Index
@unnumbered Index
projects / deliverable / binutils-gdb.git / blobdiff