-@c Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c This is part of the GAS manual.
@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
This option specifies the target processor. The assembler will issue an
error message if an attempt is made to assemble an instruction which
will not execute on the target processor. The following processor names are
-recognized:
+recognized:
@code{arm1},
@code{arm2},
@code{arm250},
@code{arm1020e},
@code{arm1022e},
@code{arm1026ej-s},
+@code{fa606te} (Faraday FA606TE processor),
+@code{fa616te} (Faraday FA616TE processor),
@code{fa626te} (Faraday FA626TE processor),
+@code{fmp626} (Faraday FMP626 processor),
@code{fa726te} (Faraday FA726TE processor),
@code{arm1136j-s},
@code{arm1136jf-s},
@code{arm1176jzf-s},
@code{mpcore},
@code{mpcorenovfp},
+@code{cortex-a5},
+@code{cortex-a7},
@code{cortex-a8},
@code{cortex-a9},
+@code{cortex-a15},
@code{cortex-r4},
+@code{cortex-r4f},
+@code{cortex-r5},
+@code{cortex-r7},
+@code{cortex-m7},
+@code{cortex-m4},
@code{cortex-m3},
+@code{cortex-m1},
+@code{cortex-m0},
+@code{cortex-m0plus},
@code{ep9312} (ARM920 with Cirrus Maverick coprocessor),
@code{i80200} (Intel XScale processor)
@code{iwmmxt} (Intel(r) XScale processor with Wireless MMX(tm) technology coprocessor)
and
-@code{xscale}.
+@code{xscale}.
The special name @code{all} may be used to allow the
assembler to accept instructions valid for any ARM processor.
-In addition to the basic instruction set, the assembler can be told to
-accept various extension mnemonics that extend the processor using the
+In addition to the basic instruction set, the assembler can be told to
+accept various extension mnemonics that extend the processor using the
co-processor instruction space. For example, @code{-mcpu=arm920+maverick}
-is equivalent to specifying @code{-mcpu=ep9312}. The following extensions
-are currently supported:
-@code{+maverick}
-@code{+iwmmxt}
+is equivalent to specifying @code{-mcpu=ep9312}.
+
+Multiple extensions may be specified, separated by a @code{+}. The
+extensions should be specified in ascending alphabetical order.
+
+Some extensions may be restricted to particular architectures; this is
+documented in the list of extensions below.
+
+Extension mnemonics may also be removed from those the assembler accepts.
+This is done be prepending @code{no} to the option that adds the extension.
+Extensions that are removed should be listed after all extensions which have
+been added, again in ascending alphabetical order. For example,
+@code{-mcpu=ep9312+nomaverick} is equivalent to specifying @code{-mcpu=arm920}.
+
+
+The following extensions are currently supported:
+@code{crypto} (Cryptography Extensions for v8-A architecture, implies @code{fp+simd}),
+@code{fp} (Floating Point Extensions for v8-A architecture),
+@code{idiv} (Integer Divide Extensions for v7-A and v7-R architectures),
+@code{iwmmxt},
+@code{iwmmxt2},
+@code{maverick},
+@code{mp} (Multiprocessing Extensions for v7-A and v7-R architectures),
+@code{os} (Operating System for v6M architecture),
+@code{sec} (Security Extensions for v6K and v7-A architectures),
+@code{simd} (Advanced SIMD Extensions for v8-A architecture, implies @code{fp}),
+@code{virt} (Virtualization Extensions for v7-A architecture, implies
+@code{idiv}),
and
-@code{+xscale}.
+@code{xscale}.
@cindex @code{-march=} command line option, ARM
@item -march=@var{architecture}[+@var{extension}@dots{}]
This option specifies the target architecture. The assembler will issue
an error message if an attempt is made to assemble an instruction which
-will not execute on the target architecture. The following architecture
-names are recognized:
+will not execute on the target architecture. The following architecture
+names are recognized:
@code{armv1},
@code{armv2},
@code{armv2a},
@code{armv6k},
@code{armv6z},
@code{armv6zk},
+@code{armv6-m},
+@code{armv6s-m},
@code{armv7},
@code{armv7-a},
+@code{armv7ve},
@code{armv7-r},
@code{armv7-m},
+@code{armv7e-m},
+@code{armv8-a},
@code{iwmmxt}
and
@code{xscale}.
This option specifies the floating point format to assemble for. The
assembler will issue an error message if an attempt is made to assemble
-an instruction which will not execute on the target floating point unit.
+an instruction which will not execute on the target floating point unit.
The following format options are recognized:
@code{softfpa},
@code{fpe},
@code{vfp10-r0},
@code{vfp9},
@code{vfpxd},
-@code{vfpv2}
-@code{vfpv3}
-@code{vfpv3-d16}
+@code{vfpv2},
+@code{vfpv3},
+@code{vfpv3-fp16},
+@code{vfpv3-d16},
+@code{vfpv3-d16-fp16},
+@code{vfpv3xd},
+@code{vfpv3xd-d16},
+@code{vfpv4},
+@code{vfpv4-d16},
+@code{fpv4-sp-d16},
+@code{fpv5-sp-d16},
+@code{fpv5-d16},
+@code{fp-armv8},
@code{arm1020t},
@code{arm1020e},
@code{arm1136jf-s},
-@code{maverick}
+@code{maverick},
+@code{neon},
+@code{neon-vfpv4},
+@code{neon-fp-armv8},
and
-@code{neon}.
+@code{crypto-neon-fp-armv8}.
In addition to determining which instructions are assembled, this option
also affects the way in which the @code{.double} assembler directive behaves
when assembling little-endian code.
-The default is dependent on the processor selected. For Architecture 5 or
-later, the default is to assembler for VFP instructions; for earlier
+The default is dependent on the processor selected. For Architecture 5 or
+later, the default is to assembler for VFP instructions; for earlier
architectures the default is to assemble for FPA instructions.
@cindex @code{-mthumb} command line option, ARM
@item -mthumb
This option specifies that the assembler should start assembling Thumb
-instructions; that is, it should behave as though the file starts with a
+instructions; that is, it should behave as though the file starts with a
@code{.code 16} directive.
@cindex @code{-mthumb-interwork} command line option, ARM
This option specifies that the output generated by the assembler should
be marked as supporting interworking.
-@cindex @code{-mapcs} command line option, ARM
-@item -mapcs @code{[26|32]}
-This option specifies that the output generated by the assembler should
+@cindex @code{-mimplicit-it} command line option, ARM
+@item -mimplicit-it=never
+@itemx -mimplicit-it=always
+@itemx -mimplicit-it=arm
+@itemx -mimplicit-it=thumb
+The @code{-mimplicit-it} option controls the behavior of the assembler when
+conditional instructions are not enclosed in IT blocks.
+There are four possible behaviors.
+If @code{never} is specified, such constructs cause a warning in ARM
+code and an error in Thumb-2 code.
+If @code{always} is specified, such constructs are accepted in both
+ARM and Thumb-2 code, where the IT instruction is added implicitly.
+If @code{arm} is specified, such constructs are accepted in ARM code
+and cause an error in Thumb-2 code.
+If @code{thumb} is specified, such constructs cause a warning in ARM
+code and are accepted in Thumb-2 code. If you omit this option, the
+behavior is equivalent to @code{-mimplicit-it=arm}.
+
+@cindex @code{-mapcs-26} command line option, ARM
+@cindex @code{-mapcs-32} command line option, ARM
+@item -mapcs-26
+@itemx -mapcs-32
+These options specify that the output generated by the assembler should
be marked as supporting the indicated version of the Arm Procedure.
Calling Standard.
@cindex @code{-matpcs} command line option, ARM
@item -matpcs
-This option specifies that the output generated by the assembler should
+This option specifies that the output generated by the assembler should
be marked as supporting the Arm/Thumb Procedure Calling Standard. If
enabled this option will cause the assembler to create an empty
debugging section in the object file called .arm.atpcs. Debuggers can
Allow @code{BX} instructions in ARMv4 code. This is intended for use with
the linker option of the same name.
+@cindex @code{-mwarn-deprecated} command line option, ARM
+@item -mwarn-deprecated
+@itemx -mno-warn-deprecated
+Enable or disable warnings about using deprecated options or
+features. The default is to warn.
+
+@cindex @code{-mccs} command line option, ARM
+@item -mccs
+Turns on CodeComposer Studio assembly syntax compatibility mode.
+
@end table
@node ARM Syntax
@section Syntax
@menu
+* ARM-Instruction-Set:: Instruction Set
* ARM-Chars:: Special Characters
* ARM-Regs:: Register Names
* ARM-Relocations:: Relocations
+* ARM-Neon-Alignment:: NEON Alignment Specifiers
@end menu
+@node ARM-Instruction-Set
+@subsection Instruction Set Syntax
+Two slightly different syntaxes are support for ARM and THUMB
+instructions. The default, @code{divided}, uses the old style where
+ARM and THUMB instructions had their own, separate syntaxes. The new,
+@code{unified} syntax, which can be selected via the @code{.syntax}
+directive, and has the following main features:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+Immediate operands do not require a @code{#} prefix.
+
+@item
+The @code{IT} instruction may appear, and if it does it is validated
+against subsequent conditional affixes. In ARM mode it does not
+generate machine code, in THUMB mode it does.
+
+@item
+For ARM instructions the conditional affixes always appear at the end
+of the instruction. For THUMB instructions conditional affixes can be
+used, but only inside the scope of an @code{IT} instruction.
+
+@item
+All of the instructions new to the V6T2 architecture (and later) are
+available. (Only a few such instructions can be written in the
+@code{divided} syntax).
+
+@item
+The @code{.N} and @code{.W} suffixes are recognized and honored.
+
+@item
+All instructions set the flags if and only if they have an @code{s}
+affix.
+@end itemize
+
@node ARM-Chars
@subsection Special Characters
@cindex line comment character, ARM
@cindex ARM line comment character
-The presence of a @samp{@@} on a line indicates the start of a comment
-that extends to the end of the current line. If a @samp{#} appears as
-the first character of a line, the whole line is treated as a comment.
+The presence of a @samp{@@} anywhere on a line indicates the start of
+a comment that extends to the end of that line.
+
+If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line then the whole
+line is treated as a comment, but in this case the line could also be
+a logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
+control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
@cindex line separator, ARM
@cindex statement separator, ARM
@cindex register names, ARM
*TODO* Explain about ARM register naming, and the predefined names.
-@node ARM Floating Point
-@section Floating Point
-
-@cindex floating point, ARM (@sc{ieee})
-@cindex ARM floating point (@sc{ieee})
-The ARM family uses @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers.
-
@node ARM-Relocations
@subsection ARM relocation generation
@code{TLSGD},
@code{TLSLDM},
@code{TLSLDO},
-@code{GOTTPOFF}
+@code{TLSDESC},
+@code{TLSCALL},
+@code{GOTTPOFF},
+@code{GOT_PREL}
and
@code{TPOFF}.
For compatibility with older toolchains the assembler also accepts
-@code{(PLT)} after branch targets. This will generate the deprecated
-@samp{R_ARM_PLT32} relocation.
+@code{(PLT)} after branch targets. On legacy targets this will
+generate the deprecated @samp{R_ARM_PLT32} relocation. On EABI
+targets it will encode either the @samp{R_ARM_CALL} or
+@samp{R_ARM_JUMP24} relocation, as appropriate.
@cindex MOVW and MOVT relocations, ARM
Relocations for @samp{MOVW} and @samp{MOVT} instructions can be generated
MOVT r0, #:upper16:foo
@end smallexample
+@node ARM-Neon-Alignment
+@subsection NEON Alignment Specifiers
+
+@cindex alignment for NEON instructions
+Some NEON load/store instructions allow an optional address
+alignment qualifier.
+The ARM documentation specifies that this is indicated by
+@samp{@@ @var{align}}. However GAS already interprets
+the @samp{@@} character as a "line comment" start,
+so @samp{: @var{align}} is used instead. For example:
+
+@smallexample
+ vld1.8 @{q0@}, [r0, :128]
+@end smallexample
+
+@node ARM Floating Point
+@section Floating Point
+
+@cindex floating point, ARM (@sc{ieee})
+@cindex ARM floating point (@sc{ieee})
+The ARM family uses @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers.
+
@node ARM Directives
@section ARM Machine Directives
@cindex ARM machine directives
@table @code
-@cindex @code{align} directive, ARM
+@c AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+
+@cindex @code{.2byte} directive, ARM
+@cindex @code{.4byte} directive, ARM
+@cindex @code{.8byte} directive, ARM
+@item .2byte @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]*
+@itemx .4byte @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]*
+@itemx .8byte @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]*
+These directives write 2, 4 or 8 byte values to the output section.
+
+@cindex @code{.align} directive, ARM
@item .align @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]
This is the generic @var{.align} directive. For the ARM however if the
first argument is zero (ie no alignment is needed) the assembler will
behave as if the argument had been 2 (ie pad to the next four byte
boundary). This is for compatibility with ARM's own assembler.
-@cindex @code{req} directive, ARM
-@item @var{name} .req @var{register name}
-This creates an alias for @var{register name} called @var{name}. For
-example:
+@cindex @code{.arch} directive, ARM
+@item .arch @var{name}
+Select the target architecture. Valid values for @var{name} are the same as
+for the @option{-march} commandline option.
-@smallexample
- foo .req r0
-@end smallexample
+Specifying @code{.arch} clears any previously selected architecture
+extensions.
-@cindex @code{unreq} directive, ARM
-@item .unreq @var{alias-name}
-This undefines a register alias which was previously defined using the
-@code{req}, @code{dn} or @code{qn} directives. For example:
+@cindex @code{.arch_extension} directive, ARM
+@item .arch_extension @var{name}
+Add or remove an architecture extension to the target architecture. Valid
+values for @var{name} are the same as those accepted as architectural
+extensions by the @option{-mcpu} commandline option.
-@smallexample
- foo .req r0
- .unreq foo
-@end smallexample
+@code{.arch_extension} may be used multiple times to add or remove extensions
+incrementally to the architecture being compiled for.
-An error occurs if the name is undefined. Note - this pseudo op can
-be used to delete builtin in register name aliases (eg 'r0'). This
-should only be done if it is really necessary.
+@cindex @code{.arm} directive, ARM
+@item .arm
+This performs the same action as @var{.code 32}.
+
+@c BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
+
+@cindex @code{.bss} directive, ARM
+@item .bss
+This directive switches to the @code{.bss} section.
+
+@c CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
-@cindex @code{dn} and @code{qn} directives, ARM
+@cindex @code{.cantunwind} directive, ARM
+@item .cantunwind
+Prevents unwinding through the current function. No personality routine
+or exception table data is required or permitted.
+
+@cindex @code{.code} directive, ARM
+@item .code @code{[16|32]}
+This directive selects the instruction set being generated. The value 16
+selects Thumb, with the value 32 selecting ARM.
+
+@cindex @code{.cpu} directive, ARM
+@item .cpu @var{name}
+Select the target processor. Valid values for @var{name} are the same as
+for the @option{-mcpu} commandline option.
+
+Specifying @code{.cpu} clears any previously selected architecture
+extensions.
+
+@c DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
+
+@cindex @code{.dn} and @code{.qn} directives, ARM
@item @var{name} .dn @var{register name} [@var{.type}] [[@var{index}]]
-@item @var{name} .qn @var{register name} [@var{.type}] [[@var{index}]]
+@itemx @var{name} .qn @var{register name} [@var{.type}] [[@var{index}]]
The @code{dn} and @code{qn} directives are used to create typed
and/or indexed register aliases for use in Advanced SIMD Extension
Aliases created using @code{dn} or @code{qn} can be destroyed using
@code{unreq}.
-@cindex @code{code} directive, ARM
-@item .code @code{[16|32]}
-This directive selects the instruction set being generated. The value 16
-selects Thumb, with the value 32 selecting ARM.
+@c EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
-@cindex @code{thumb} directive, ARM
-@item .thumb
-This performs the same action as @var{.code 16}.
+@cindex @code{.eabi_attribute} directive, ARM
+@item .eabi_attribute @var{tag}, @var{value}
+Set the EABI object attribute @var{tag} to @var{value}.
+
+The @var{tag} is either an attribute number, or one of the following:
+@code{Tag_CPU_raw_name}, @code{Tag_CPU_name}, @code{Tag_CPU_arch},
+@code{Tag_CPU_arch_profile}, @code{Tag_ARM_ISA_use},
+@code{Tag_THUMB_ISA_use}, @code{Tag_FP_arch}, @code{Tag_WMMX_arch},
+@code{Tag_Advanced_SIMD_arch}, @code{Tag_PCS_config},
+@code{Tag_ABI_PCS_R9_use}, @code{Tag_ABI_PCS_RW_data},
+@code{Tag_ABI_PCS_RO_data}, @code{Tag_ABI_PCS_GOT_use},
+@code{Tag_ABI_PCS_wchar_t}, @code{Tag_ABI_FP_rounding},
+@code{Tag_ABI_FP_denormal}, @code{Tag_ABI_FP_exceptions},
+@code{Tag_ABI_FP_user_exceptions}, @code{Tag_ABI_FP_number_model},
+@code{Tag_ABI_align_needed}, @code{Tag_ABI_align_preserved},
+@code{Tag_ABI_enum_size}, @code{Tag_ABI_HardFP_use},
+@code{Tag_ABI_VFP_args}, @code{Tag_ABI_WMMX_args},
+@code{Tag_ABI_optimization_goals}, @code{Tag_ABI_FP_optimization_goals},
+@code{Tag_compatibility}, @code{Tag_CPU_unaligned_access},
+@code{Tag_FP_HP_extension}, @code{Tag_ABI_FP_16bit_format},
+@code{Tag_MPextension_use}, @code{Tag_DIV_use},
+@code{Tag_nodefaults}, @code{Tag_also_compatible_with},
+@code{Tag_conformance}, @code{Tag_T2EE_use},
+@code{Tag_Virtualization_use}
+
+The @var{value} is either a @code{number}, @code{"string"}, or
+@code{number, "string"} depending on the tag.
+
+Note - the following legacy values are also accepted by @var{tag}:
+@code{Tag_VFP_arch}, @code{Tag_ABI_align8_needed},
+@code{Tag_ABI_align8_preserved}, @code{Tag_VFP_HP_extension},
+
+@cindex @code{.even} directive, ARM
+@item .even
+This directive aligns to an even-numbered address.
+
+@cindex @code{.extend} directive, ARM
+@cindex @code{.ldouble} directive, ARM
+@item .extend @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]*
+@itemx .ldouble @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]*
+These directives write 12byte long double floating-point values to the
+output section. These are not compatible with current ARM processors
+or ABIs.
+
+@c FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
-@cindex @code{arm} directive, ARM
-@item .arm
-This performs the same action as @var{.code 32}.
+@anchor{arm_fnend}
+@cindex @code{.fnend} directive, ARM
+@item .fnend
+Marks the end of a function with an unwind table entry. The unwind index
+table entry is created when this directive is processed.
+
+If no personality routine has been specified then standard personality
+routine 0 or 1 will be used, depending on the number of unwind opcodes
+required.
+
+@anchor{arm_fnstart}
+@cindex @code{.fnstart} directive, ARM
+@item .fnstart
+Marks the start of a function with an unwind table entry.
-@cindex @code{force_thumb} directive, ARM
+@cindex @code{.force_thumb} directive, ARM
@item .force_thumb
This directive forces the selection of Thumb instructions, even if the
target processor does not support those instructions
-@cindex @code{thumb_func} directive, ARM
-@item .thumb_func
-This directive specifies that the following symbol is the name of a
-Thumb encoded function. This information is necessary in order to allow
-the assembler and linker to generate correct code for interworking
-between Arm and Thumb instructions and should be used even if
-interworking is not going to be performed. The presence of this
-directive also implies @code{.thumb}
+@cindex @code{.fpu} directive, ARM
+@item .fpu @var{name}
+Select the floating-point unit to assemble for. Valid values for @var{name}
+are the same as for the @option{-mfpu} commandline option.
-This directive is not neccessary when generating EABI objects. On these
-targets the encoding is implicit when generating Thumb code.
+@c GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
+@c HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
-@cindex @code{thumb_set} directive, ARM
-@item .thumb_set
-This performs the equivalent of a @code{.set} directive in that it
-creates a symbol which is an alias for another symbol (possibly not yet
-defined). This directive also has the added property in that it marks
-the aliased symbol as being a thumb function entry point, in the same
-way that the @code{.thumb_func} directive does.
+@cindex @code{.handlerdata} directive, ARM
+@item .handlerdata
+Marks the end of the current function, and the start of the exception table
+entry for that function. Anything between this directive and the
+@code{.fnend} directive will be added to the exception table entry.
+
+Must be preceded by a @code{.personality} or @code{.personalityindex}
+directive.
+
+@c IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
+
+@cindex @code{.inst} directive, ARM
+@item .inst @var{opcode} [ , @dots{} ]
+@itemx .inst.n @var{opcode} [ , @dots{} ]
+@itemx .inst.w @var{opcode} [ , @dots{} ]
+Generates the instruction corresponding to the numerical value @var{opcode}.
+@code{.inst.n} and @code{.inst.w} allow the Thumb instruction size to be
+specified explicitly, overriding the normal encoding rules.
+
+@c JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
+@c KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
+@c LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
+
+@item .ldouble @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]*
+See @code{.extend}.
@cindex @code{.ltorg} directive, ARM
@item .ltorg
pool any time a section change occurred. This is no longer done, since
it prevents accurate control of the placement of literal pools.
-@cindex @code{.pool} directive, ARM
-@item .pool
-This is a synonym for .ltorg.
+@c MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
-@anchor{arm_fnstart}
-@cindex @code{.fnstart} directive, ARM
-@item .fnstart
-Marks the start of a function with an unwind table entry.
+@cindex @code{.movsp} directive, ARM
+@item .movsp @var{reg} [, #@var{offset}]
+Tell the unwinder that @var{reg} contains an offset from the current
+stack pointer. If @var{offset} is not specified then it is assumed to be
+zero.
-@anchor{arm_fnend}
-@cindex @code{.fnend} directive, ARM
-@item .fnend
-Marks the end of a function with an unwind table entry. The unwind index
-table entry is created when this directive is processed.
+@c NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
+@c OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
-If no personality routine has been specified then standard personality
-routine 0 or 1 will be used, depending on the number of unwind opcodes
-required.
+@cindex @code{.object_arch} directive, ARM
+@item .object_arch @var{name}
+Override the architecture recorded in the EABI object attribute section.
+Valid values for @var{name} are the same as for the @code{.arch} directive.
+Typically this is useful when code uses runtime detection of CPU features.
-@cindex @code{.cantunwind} directive, ARM
-@item .cantunwind
-Prevents unwinding through the current function. No personality routine
-or exception table data is required or permitted.
+@c PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
+
+@cindex @code{.packed} directive, ARM
+@item .packed @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]*
+This directive writes 12-byte packed floating-point values to the
+output section. These are not compatible with current ARM processors
+or ABIs.
+
+@anchor{arm_pad}
+@cindex @code{.pad} directive, ARM
+@item .pad #@var{count}
+Generate unwinder annotations for a stack adjustment of @var{count} bytes.
+A positive value indicates the function prologue allocated stack space by
+decrementing the stack pointer.
@cindex @code{.personality} directive, ARM
@item .personality @var{name}
Sets the personality routine for the current function to the EABI standard
routine number @var{index}
-@cindex @code{.handlerdata} directive, ARM
-@item .handlerdata
-Marks the end of the current function, and the start of the exception table
-entry for that function. Anything between this directive and the
-@code{.fnend} directive will be added to the exception table entry.
+@cindex @code{.pool} directive, ARM
+@item .pool
+This is a synonym for .ltorg.
-Must be preceded by a @code{.personality} or @code{.personalityindex}
-directive.
+@c QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
+@c RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
+
+@cindex @code{.req} directive, ARM
+@item @var{name} .req @var{register name}
+This creates an alias for @var{register name} called @var{name}. For
+example:
+
+@smallexample
+ foo .req r0
+@end smallexample
+
+@c SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
@anchor{arm_save}
@cindex @code{.save} directive, ARM
wstrd wr10, [sp, #-8]!
@end smallexample
-@cindex @code{.vsave} directive, ARM
-@item .vsave @var{vfp-reglist}
-Generate unwinder annotations to restore the VFP registers in @var{vfp-reglist}
-using FLDMD. Also works for VFPv3 registers
-that are to be restored using VLDM.
-The format of @var{vfp-reglist} is the same as the corresponding store-multiple
-instruction.
-
-@smallexample
-@exdent @emph{VFP registers}
- .vsave @{d8, d9, d10@}
- fstmdd sp!, @{d8, d9, d10@}
-@exdent @emph{VFPv3 registers}
- .vsave @{d15, d16, d17@}
- vstm sp!, @{d15, d16, d17@}
-@end smallexample
-
-Since FLDMX and FSTMX are now deprecated, this directive should be
-used in favour of @code{.save} for saving VFP registers for ARMv6 and above.
-
-@anchor{arm_pad}
-@cindex @code{.pad} directive, ARM
-@item .pad #@var{count}
-Generate unwinder annotations for a stack adjustment of @var{count} bytes.
-A positive value indicates the function prologue allocated stack space by
-decrementing the stack pointer.
-
-@anchor{arm_movsp}
-@cindex @code{.movsp} directive, ARM
-@item .movsp @var{reg} [, #@var{offset}]
-Tell the unwinder that @var{reg} contains an offset from the current
-stack pointer. If @var{offset} is not specified then it is assumed to be
-zero.
-
@anchor{arm_setfp}
@cindex @code{.setfp} directive, ARM
@item .setfp @var{fpreg}, @var{spreg} [, #@var{offset}]
-Make all unwinder annotations relaive to a frame pointer. Without this
+Make all unwinder annotations relative to a frame pointer. Without this
the unwinder will use offsets from the stack pointer.
-The syntax of this directive is the same as the @code{sub} or @code{mov}
+The syntax of this directive is the same as the @code{add} or @code{mov}
instruction used to set the frame pointer. @var{spreg} must be either
@code{sp} or mentioned in a previous @code{.movsp} directive.
mov ip, sp
@dots{}
.setfp fp, ip, #4
-sub fp, ip, #4
+add fp, ip, #4
@end smallexample
+@cindex @code{.secrel32} directive, ARM
+@item .secrel32 @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]*
+This directive emits relocations that evaluate to the section-relative
+offset of each expression's symbol. This directive is only supported
+for PE targets.
+
+@cindex @code{.syntax} directive, ARM
+@item .syntax [@code{unified} | @code{divided}]
+This directive sets the Instruction Set Syntax as described in the
+@ref{ARM-Instruction-Set} section.
+
+@c TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
+
+@cindex @code{.thumb} directive, ARM
+@item .thumb
+This performs the same action as @var{.code 16}.
+
+@cindex @code{.thumb_func} directive, ARM
+@item .thumb_func
+This directive specifies that the following symbol is the name of a
+Thumb encoded function. This information is necessary in order to allow
+the assembler and linker to generate correct code for interworking
+between Arm and Thumb instructions and should be used even if
+interworking is not going to be performed. The presence of this
+directive also implies @code{.thumb}
+
+This directive is not neccessary when generating EABI objects. On these
+targets the encoding is implicit when generating Thumb code.
+
+@cindex @code{.thumb_set} directive, ARM
+@item .thumb_set
+This performs the equivalent of a @code{.set} directive in that it
+creates a symbol which is an alias for another symbol (possibly not yet
+defined). This directive also has the added property in that it marks
+the aliased symbol as being a thumb function entry point, in the same
+way that the @code{.thumb_func} directive does.
+
+@cindex @code{.tlsdescseq} directive, ARM
+@item .tlsdescseq @var{tls-variable}
+This directive is used to annotate parts of an inlined TLS descriptor
+trampoline. Normally the trampoline is provided by the linker, and
+this directive is not needed.
+
+@c UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
+
+@cindex @code{.unreq} directive, ARM
+@item .unreq @var{alias-name}
+This undefines a register alias which was previously defined using the
+@code{req}, @code{dn} or @code{qn} directives. For example:
+
+@smallexample
+ foo .req r0
+ .unreq foo
+@end smallexample
+
+An error occurs if the name is undefined. Note - this pseudo op can
+be used to delete builtin in register name aliases (eg 'r0'). This
+should only be done if it is really necessary.
+
@cindex @code{.unwind_raw} directive, ARM
-@item .raw @var{offset}, @var{byte1}, @dots{}
+@item .unwind_raw @var{offset}, @var{byte1}, @dots{}
Insert one of more arbitary unwind opcode bytes, which are known to adjust
the stack pointer by @var{offset} bytes.
For example @code{.unwind_raw 4, 0xb1, 0x01} is equivalent to
@code{.save @{r0@}}
-@cindex @code{.cpu} directive, ARM
-@item .cpu @var{name}
-Select the target processor. Valid values for @var{name} are the same as
-for the @option{-mcpu} commandline option.
+@c VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
-@cindex @code{.arch} directive, ARM
-@item .arch @var{name}
-Select the target architecture. Valid values for @var{name} are the same as
-for the @option{-march} commandline option.
+@cindex @code{.vsave} directive, ARM
+@item .vsave @var{vfp-reglist}
+Generate unwinder annotations to restore the VFP registers in @var{vfp-reglist}
+using FLDMD. Also works for VFPv3 registers
+that are to be restored using VLDM.
+The format of @var{vfp-reglist} is the same as the corresponding store-multiple
+instruction.
-@cindex @code{.object_arch} directive, ARM
-@item .object_arch @var{name}
-Override the architecture recorded in the EABI object attribute section.
-Valid values for @var{name} are the same as for the @code{.arch} directive.
-Typically this is useful when code uses runtime detection of CPU features.
+@smallexample
+@exdent @emph{VFP registers}
+ .vsave @{d8, d9, d10@}
+ fstmdd sp!, @{d8, d9, d10@}
+@exdent @emph{VFPv3 registers}
+ .vsave @{d15, d16, d17@}
+ vstm sp!, @{d15, d16, d17@}
+@end smallexample
-@cindex @code{.fpu} directive, ARM
-@item .fpu @var{name}
-Select the floating point unit to assemble for. Valid values for @var{name}
-are the same as for the @option{-mfpu} commandline option.
+Since FLDMX and FSTMX are now deprecated, this directive should be
+used in favour of @code{.save} for saving VFP registers for ARMv6 and above.
-@cindex @code{.eabi_attribute} directive, ARM
-@item .eabi_attribute @var{tag}, @var{value}
-Set the EABI object attribute number @var{tag} to @var{value}. The value
-is either a @code{number}, @code{"string"}, or @code{number, "string"}
-depending on the tag.
+@c WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
+@c XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
+@c YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
+@c ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
@end table
@cindex opcodes for ARM
@code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard ARM opcodes. It also
implements several pseudo opcodes, including several synthetic load
-instructions.
+instructions.
@table @code
nothing. Currently it will evaluate to MOV r0, r0.
@cindex @code{LDR reg,=<label>} pseudo op, ARM
-@item LDR
+@item LDR
@smallexample
ldr <register> , = <expression>
@end smallexample
will not make use of the literal pool.
@cindex @code{ADRL reg,<label>} pseudo op, ARM
-@item ADRL
+@item ADRL
@smallexample
adrl <register> <label>
@end smallexample
@verbatim
void callee (int *);
-int
-caller ()
+int
+caller ()
{
int i;
callee (&i);
- return i;
+ return i;
}
@end verbatim
op appears immediately before the first instruction of the function
while the @code{.fnend} (@pxref{arm_fnend,,.fnend pseudo op}) pseudo
op appears immediately after the last instruction of the function.
-These pseudo ops specify the range of the function.
+These pseudo ops specify the range of the function.
Only the order of the other pseudos ops (e.g., @code{.setfp} or
@code{.pad}) matters; their exact locations are irrelevant. In the
projects / deliverable / binutils-gdb.git / blobdiff