-@c Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001
+@c Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
+@c 2001, 2003, 2004
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c This is part of the GAS manual.
@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
require that the necessary BFD support has been included (on a 32-bit
platform you have to add --enable-64-bit-bfd to configure enable 64-bit
usage and use x86-64 as target platform).
+
+@item -n
+By default, x86 GAS replaces multiple nop instructions used for
+alignment within code sections with multi-byte nop instructions such
+as leal 0(%esi,1),%esi. This switch disables the optimization.
+
+@cindex @samp{--divide} option, i386
+@item --divide
+On SVR4-derived platforms, the character @samp{/} is treated as a comment
+character, which means that it cannot be used in expressions. The
+@samp{--divide} option turns @samp{/} into a normal character. This does
+not disable @samp{/} at the beginning of a line starting a comment, or
+affect using @samp{#} for starting a comment.
+
+@cindex @samp{-march=} option, i386
+@cindex @samp{-march=} option, x86-64
+@item -march=@var{CPU}[+@var{EXTENSION}@dots{}]
+This option specifies the target processor. The assembler will
+issue an error message if an attempt is made to assemble an instruction
+which will not execute on the target processor. The following
+processor names are recognized:
+@code{i8086},
+@code{i186},
+@code{i286},
+@code{i386},
+@code{i486},
+@code{i586},
+@code{i686},
+@code{pentium},
+@code{pentiumpro},
+@code{pentiumii},
+@code{pentiumiii},
+@code{pentium4},
+@code{prescott},
+@code{nocona},
+@code{core},
+@code{core2},
+@code{k6},
+@code{k6_2},
+@code{athlon},
+@code{opteron},
+@code{k8},
+@code{amdfam10},
+@code{generic32} and
+@code{generic64}.
+
+In addition to the basic instruction set, the assembler can be told to
+accept various extension mnemonics. For example,
+@code{-march=i686+sse4+vmx} extends @var{i686} with @var{sse4} and
+@var{vmx}. The following extensions are currently supported:
+@code{mmx},
+@code{sse},
+@code{sse2},
+@code{sse3},
+@code{ssse3},
+@code{sse4.1},
+@code{sse4.2},
+@code{sse4},
+@code{vmx},
+@code{smx},
+@code{xsave},
+@code{3dnow},
+@code{3dnowa},
+@code{sse4a},
+@code{sse5},
+@code{svme},
+@code{abm} and
+@code{padlock}.
+
+When the @code{.arch} directive is used with @option{-march}, the
+@code{.arch} directive will take precedent.
+
+@cindex @samp{-mtune=} option, i386
+@cindex @samp{-mtune=} option, x86-64
+@item -mtune=@var{CPU}
+This option specifies a processor to optimize for. When used in
+conjunction with the @option{-march} option, only instructions
+of the processor specified by the @option{-march} option will be
+generated.
+
+Valid @var{CPU} values are identical to the processor list of
+@option{-march=@var{CPU}}.
+
+@cindex @samp{-mmnemonic=} option, i386
+@cindex @samp{-mmnemonic=} option, x86-64
+@item -mmnemonic=@var{att}
+@item -mmnemonic=@var{intel}
+This option specifies instruction mnemonic for matching instructions.
+The @code{.att_mnemonic} and @code{.intel_mnemonic} directives will
+take precedent.
+
+@cindex @samp{-msyntax=} option, i386
+@cindex @samp{-msyntax=} option, x86-64
+@item -msyntax=@var{att}
+@item -msyntax=@var{intel}
+This option specifies instruction syntax when processing instructions.
+The @code{.att_syntax} and @code{.intel_syntax} directives will
+take precedent.
+
+@cindex @samp{-mnaked-reg} option, i386
+@cindex @samp{-mnaked-reg} option, x86-64
+@item -mnaked-reg
+This opetion specifies that registers don't require a @samp{%} prefix.
+The @code{.att_syntax} and @code{.intel_syntax} directives will take precedent.
+
@end table
@node i386-Syntax
AT&T and Intel syntax use the opposite order for source and destination
operands. Intel @samp{add eax, 4} is @samp{addl $4, %eax}. The
@samp{source, dest} convention is maintained for compatibility with
-previous Unix assemblers. Note that instructions with more than one
-source operand, such as the @samp{enter} instruction, do @emph{not} have
-reversed order. @ref{i386-Bugs}.
+previous Unix assemblers. Note that @samp{bound}, @samp{invlpga}, and
+instructions with 2 immediate operands, such as the @samp{enter}
+instruction, do @emph{not} have reversed order. @ref{i386-Bugs}.
@cindex mnemonic suffixes, i386
@cindex sizes operands, i386
(x86-64 only),
@item
-@samp{cdo} --- sign-extend quad in @samp{%rax} to octuple in
+@samp{cqo} --- sign-extend quad in @samp{%rax} to octuple in
@samp{%rdx:%rax} (x86-64 only),
@end itemize
AT&T syntax, but are @samp{call far} and @samp{jump far} in Intel
convention.
+@section AT&T Mnemonic versus Intel Mnemonic
+
+@cindex i386 mnemonic compatibility
+@cindex mnemonic compatibility, i386
+
+@code{@value{AS}} supports assembly using Intel mnemonic.
+@code{.intel_mnemonic} selects Intel mnemonic with Intel syntax, and
+@code{.att_mnemonic} switches back to the usual AT&T mnemonic with AT&T
+syntax for compatibility with the output of @code{@value{GCC}}.
+Several x87 instructions, @samp{fadd}, @samp{fdiv}, @samp{fdivp},
+@samp{fdivr}, @samp{fdivrp}, @samp{fmul}, @samp{fsub}, @samp{fsubp},
+@samp{fsubr} and @samp{fsubrp}, are implemented in AT&T System V/386
+assembler with different mnemonics from those in Intel IA32 specification.
+@code{@value{GCC}} generates those instructions with AT&T mnemonic.
+
@node i386-Regs
@section Register Naming
@code{@value{AS}} supports Intel's MMX instruction set (SIMD
instructions for integer data), available on Intel's Pentium MMX
processors and Pentium II processors, AMD's K6 and K6-2 processors,
-Cyrix' M2 processor, and probably others. It also supports AMD's 3DNow!
+Cyrix' M2 processor, and probably others. It also supports AMD's 3DNow!@:
instruction set (SIMD instructions for 32-bit floating point data)
available on AMD's K6-2 processor and possibly others in the future.
@end smallexample
The same code in a 16-bit code section would generate the machine
-opcode bytes @samp{6a 04} (ie. without the operand size prefix), which
+opcode bytes @samp{6a 04} (i.e., without the operand size prefix), which
is correct since the processor default operand size is assumed to be 16
bits in a 16-bit code section.
@cindex x86-64 arch directive
@code{@value{AS}} may be told to assemble for a particular CPU
-architecture with the @code{.arch @var{cpu_type}} directive. This
+(sub-)architecture with the @code{.arch @var{cpu_type}} directive. This
directive enables a warning when gas detects an instruction that is not
supported on the CPU specified. The choices for @var{cpu_type} are:
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .20 .20 .20
@item @samp{i8086} @tab @samp{i186} @tab @samp{i286} @tab @samp{i386}
@item @samp{i486} @tab @samp{i586} @tab @samp{i686} @tab @samp{pentium}
-@item @samp{pentiumpro} @tab @samp{pentium4} @tab @samp{k6} @tab @samp{athlon}
-@item @samp{sledgehammer}
+@item @samp{pentiumpro} @tab @samp{pentiumii} @tab @samp{pentiumiii} @tab @samp{pentium4}
+@item @samp{prescott} @tab @samp{nocona} @tab @samp{core} @tab @samp{core2}
+@item @samp{k6} @tab @samp{k6_2} @tab @samp{athlon} @tab @samp{k8}
+@item @samp{amdfam10}
+@item @samp{generic32} @tab @samp{generic64}
+@item @samp{.mmx} @tab @samp{.sse} @tab @samp{.sse2} @tab @samp{.sse3}
+@item @samp{.ssse3} @tab @samp{.sse4.1} @tab @samp{.sse4.2} @tab @samp{.sse4}
+@item @samp{.vmx} @tab @samp{.smx} @tab @samp{.xsave}
+@item @samp{.3dnow} @tab @samp{.3dnowa} @tab @samp{.sse4a} @tab @samp{.sse5}
+@item @samp{.svme} @tab @samp{.abm}
+@item @samp{.padlock}
@end multitable
Apart from the warning, there are only two other effects on
sequence consisting of a conditional jump of the opposite sense around
an unconditional jump to the target.
-Following the CPU architecture, you may specify @samp{jumps} or
-@samp{nojumps} to control automatic promotion of conditional jumps.
-@samp{jumps} is the default, and enables jump promotion; All external
-jumps will be of the long variety, and file-local jumps will be promoted
-as necessary. (@pxref{i386-Jumps}) @samp{nojumps} leaves external
-conditional jumps as byte offset jumps, and warns about file-local
-conditional jumps that @code{@value{AS}} promotes.
+Following the CPU architecture (but not a sub-architecture, which are those
+starting with a dot), you may specify @samp{jumps} or @samp{nojumps} to
+control automatic promotion of conditional jumps. @samp{jumps} is the
+default, and enables jump promotion; All external jumps will be of the long
+variety, and file-local jumps will be promoted as necessary.
+(@pxref{i386-Jumps}) @samp{nojumps} leaves external conditional jumps as
+byte offset jumps, and warns about file-local conditional jumps that
+@code{@value{AS}} promotes.
Unconditional jumps are treated as for @samp{jumps}.
For example
projects / deliverable / binutils-gdb.git / blobdiff