\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c Copyright 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998,
-@c 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
+@c 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c
@c %**start of header
@set EDITION Ninth
@c !!set GDB manual's revision date
-@set DATE December 2001
+@set DATE June 2002
+
+@c !!set GDB edit command default editor
+@set EDITOR /bin/ex
@c THIS MANUAL REQUIRES TEXINFO 4.0 OR LATER.
for @value{GDBN} Version @value{GDBVN}.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998,@*
- 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995,
-1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@sp 2
Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, @*
This is the @value{EDITION} Edition, @value{DATE}, for @value{GDBN} Version
@value{GDBVN}.
-Copyright (C) 1988-2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@menu
* Summary:: Summary of @value{GDBN}
For more information, see @ref{Support,,Supported languages}.
For more information, see @ref{C,,C and C++}.
-@cindex Chill
@cindex Modula-2
-Support for Modula-2 and Chill is partial. For information on Modula-2,
-see @ref{Modula-2,,Modula-2}. For information on Chill, see @ref{Chill}.
+Support for Modula-2 is partial. For information on Modula-2, see
+@ref{Modula-2,,Modula-2}.
@cindex Pascal
Debugging Pascal programs which use sets, subranges, file variables, or
So that they may not regard their many labors as thankless, we
particularly thank those who shepherded @value{GDBN} through major
releases:
-Andrew Cagney (releases 5.0 and 5.1);
+Andrew Cagney (releases 5.3, 5.2, 5.1 and 5.0);
Jim Blandy (release 4.18);
Jason Molenda (release 4.17);
Stan Shebs (release 4.14);
Tim Tucker contributed support for the Gould NP1 and Gould Powernode.
Pace Willison contributed Intel 386 support.
Jay Vosburgh contributed Symmetry support.
+Marko Mlinar contributed OpenRISC 1000 support.
-Andreas Schwab contributed M68K Linux support.
+Andreas Schwab contributed M68K @sc{gnu}/Linux support.
Rich Schaefer and Peter Schauer helped with support of SunOS shared
libraries.
program or device. This option is meant to be set by programs which
communicate with @value{GDBN} using it as a back end.
-@samp{--interpreter=mi} (or @samp{--interpreter=mi1}) causes
-@value{GDBN} to use the @dfn{gdb/mi interface} (@pxref{GDB/MI, , The
-@sc{gdb/mi} Interface}). The older @sc{gdb/mi} interface, included in
-@value{GDBN} version 5.0 can be selected with @samp{--interpreter=mi0}.
+@samp{--interpreter=mi} (or @samp{--interpreter=mi2}) causes
+@value{GDBN} to use the current @dfn{@sc{gdb/mi} interface}
+(@pxref{GDB/MI, , The @sc{gdb/mi} Interface}). The previous @sc{gdb/mi}
+interface, included in @value{GDBN} version 5.3, can be selected with
+@samp{--interpreter=mi1}. Earlier @sc{gdb/mi} interfaces
+are not supported.
@item -write
@cindex @code{--write}
catch errors where you have no clue what part of your program is the
culprit.)
-On some systems, such as HP-UX, Linux and some other x86-based targets,
+On some systems, such as HP-UX, @sc{gnu}/Linux and some other x86-based targets,
@value{GDBN} includes support for
hardware watchpoints, which do not slow down the running of your
program.
Continue running your program until either the specified location is
reached, or the current stack frame returns. @var{location} is any of
the forms of argument acceptable to @code{break} (@pxref{Set Breaks,
-,Setting breakpoints}). This form of the command uses breakpoints,
-and hence is quicker than @code{until} without an argument.
+,Setting breakpoints}). This form of the command uses breakpoints, and
+hence is quicker than @code{until} without an argument. The specified
+location is actually reached only if it is in the current frame. This
+implies that @code{until} can be used to skip over recursive function
+invocations. For instance in the code below, if the current location is
+line @code{96}, issuing @code{until 99} will execute the program up to
+line @code{99} in the same invocation of factorial, i.e. after the inner
+invocations have returned.
+
+@smallexample
+94 int factorial (int value)
+95 @{
+96 if (value > 1) @{
+97 value *= factorial (value - 1);
+98 @}
+99 return (value);
+100 @}
+@end smallexample
+
+
+@kindex advance @var{location}
+@itemx advance @var{location}
+Continue running the program up to the given location. An argument is
+required, anything of the same form as arguments for the @code{break}
+command. Execution will also stop upon exit from the current stack
+frame. This command is similar to @code{until}, but @code{advance} will
+not skip over recursive function calls, and the target location doesn't
+have to be in the same frame as the current one.
+
@kindex stepi
@kindex si @r{(@code{stepi})}
value, indicating that your program has stopped at the beginning of the
code for line @code{993} of @code{builtin.c}.
+@kindex set backtrace-below-main
+@kindex show backtrace-below-main
+
+Most programs have a standard entry point---a place where system libraries
+and startup code transition into user code. For C this is @code{main}.
+When @value{GDBN} finds the entry function in a backtrace it will terminate
+the backtrace, to avoid tracing into highly system-specific (and generally
+uninteresting) code. If you need to examine the startup code, then you can
+change this behavior.
+
+@table @code
+@item set backtrace-below-main off
+Backtraces will stop when they encounter the user entry point. This is the
+default.
+
+@item set backtrace-below-main
+@itemx set backtrace-below-main on
+Backtraces will continue past the user entry point to the top of the stack.
+
+@item show backtrace-below-main
+Display the current backtrace policy.
+@end table
+
@node Selection
@section Selecting a frame
After such a printout, the @code{list} command with no arguments
prints ten lines centered on the point of execution in the frame.
-@xref{List, ,Printing source lines}.
+You can also edit the program at the point of execution with your favorite
+editing program by typing @code{edit}.
+@xref{List, ,Printing source lines},
+for details.
@table @code
@kindex down-silently
@menu
* List:: Printing source lines
+* Edit:: Editing source files
* Search:: Searching source files
* Source Path:: Specifying source directories
* Machine Code:: Source and machine code
@var{address} may be any expression.
@end table
+@node Edit
+@section Editing source files
+@cindex editing source files
+
+@kindex edit
+@kindex e @r{(@code{edit})}
+To edit the lines in a source file, use the @code{edit} command.
+The editing program of your choice
+is invoked with the current line set to
+the active line in the program.
+Alternatively, there are several ways to specify what part of the file you
+want to print if you want to see other parts of the program.
+
+Here are the forms of the @code{edit} command most commonly used:
+
+@table @code
+@item edit
+Edit the current source file at the active line number in the program.
+
+@item edit @var{number}
+Edit the current source file with @var{number} as the active line number.
+
+@item edit @var{function}
+Edit the file containing @var{function} at the beginning of its definition.
+
+@item edit @var{filename}:@var{number}
+Specifies line @var{number} in the source file @var{filename}.
+
+@item edit @var{filename}:@var{function}
+Specifies the line that begins the body of the
+function @var{function} in the file @var{filename}. You only need the
+file name with a function name to avoid ambiguity when there are
+identically named functions in different source files.
+
+@item edit *@var{address}
+Specifies the line containing the program address @var{address}.
+@var{address} may be any expression.
+@end table
+
+@subsection Choosing your editor
+You can customize @value{GDBN} to use any editor you want
+@footnote{
+The only restriction is that your editor (say @code{ex}), recognizes the
+following command-line syntax:
+@smallexample
+ex +@var{number} file
+@end smallexample
+The optional numeric value +@var{number} designates the active line in
+the file.}. By default, it is @value{EDITOR}, but you can change this
+by setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR} before using
+@value{GDBN}. For example, to configure @value{GDBN} to use the
+@code{vi} editor, you could use these commands with the @code{sh} shell:
+@smallexample
+EDITOR=/usr/bin/vi
+export EDITOR
+gdb ...
+@end smallexample
+or in the @code{csh} shell,
+@smallexample
+setenv EDITOR /usr/bin/vi
+gdb ...
+@end smallexample
+
@node Search
@section Searching source files
@cindex searching
* Convenience Vars:: Convenience variables
* Registers:: Registers
* Floating Point Hardware:: Floating point hardware
+* Vector Unit:: Vector Unit
* Memory Region Attributes:: Memory region attributes
* Dump/Restore Files:: Copy between memory and a file
+* Character Sets:: Debugging programs that use a different
+ character set than GDB does
@end menu
@node Expressions
@kindex info registers
@item info registers
Print the names and values of all registers except floating-point
-registers (in the selected stack frame).
+and vector registers (in the selected stack frame).
@kindex info all-registers
@cindex floating point registers
@item info all-registers
Print the names and values of all registers, including floating-point
-registers.
+and vector registers (in the selected stack frame).
@item info registers @var{regname} @dots{}
Print the @dfn{relativized} value of each specified register @var{regname}.
the ARM and x86 machines.
@end table
+@node Vector Unit
+@section Vector Unit
+@cindex vector unit
+
+Depending on the configuration, @value{GDBN} may be able to give you
+more information about the status of the vector unit.
+
+@table @code
+@kindex info vector
+@item info vector
+Display information about the vector unit. The exact contents and
+layout vary depending on the hardware.
+@end table
+
@node Memory Region Attributes
@section Memory region attributes
@cindex memory region attributes
@item dump tekhex value @var{filename} @var{expression}
Dump value of @var{expression} into tekhex format file @var{filename}.
-@item restore @var{filename} @var{[binary]} @var{bias} @var{start} @var{end}
+@item restore @var{filename} [@var{binary}] @var{bias} @var{start} @var{end}
Restore the contents of file @var{filename} into memory. The @code{restore}
command can automatically recognize any known bfd file format, except for
raw binary. To restore a raw binary file you must use the optional argument
@end table
+@node Character Sets
+@section Character Sets
+@cindex character sets
+@cindex charset
+@cindex translating between character sets
+@cindex host character set
+@cindex target character set
+
+If the program you are debugging uses a different character set to
+represent characters and strings than the one @value{GDBN} uses itself,
+@value{GDBN} can automatically translate between the character sets for
+you. The character set @value{GDBN} uses we call the @dfn{host
+character set}; the one the inferior program uses we call the
+@dfn{target character set}.
+
+For example, if you are running @value{GDBN} on a @sc{gnu}/Linux system, which
+uses the ISO Latin 1 character set, but you are using @value{GDBN}'s
+remote protocol (@pxref{Remote,Remote Debugging}) to debug a program
+running on an IBM mainframe, which uses the @sc{ebcdic} character set,
+then the host character set is Latin-1, and the target character set is
+@sc{ebcdic}. If you give @value{GDBN} the command @code{set
+target-charset ebcdic-us}, then @value{GDBN} translates between
+@sc{ebcdic} and Latin 1 as you print character or string values, or use
+character and string literals in expressions.
+
+@value{GDBN} has no way to automatically recognize which character set
+the inferior program uses; you must tell it, using the @code{set
+target-charset} command, described below.
+
+Here are the commands for controlling @value{GDBN}'s character set
+support:
+
+@table @code
+@item set target-charset @var{charset}
+@kindex set target-charset
+Set the current target character set to @var{charset}. We list the
+character set names @value{GDBN} recognizes below, but if you invoke the
+@code{set target-charset} command with no argument, @value{GDBN} lists
+the character sets it supports.
+@end table
+
+@table @code
+@item set host-charset @var{charset}
+@kindex set host-charset
+Set the current host character set to @var{charset}.
+
+By default, @value{GDBN} uses a host character set appropriate to the
+system it is running on; you can override that default using the
+@code{set host-charset} command.
+
+@value{GDBN} can only use certain character sets as its host character
+set. We list the character set names @value{GDBN} recognizes below, and
+indicate which can be host character sets, but if you invoke the
+@code{set host-charset} command with no argument, @value{GDBN} lists the
+character sets it supports, placing an asterisk (@samp{*}) after those
+it can use as a host character set.
+
+@item set charset @var{charset}
+@kindex set charset
+Set the current host and target character sets to @var{charset}. If you
+invoke the @code{set charset} command with no argument, it lists the
+character sets it supports. @value{GDBN} can only use certain character
+sets as its host character set; it marks those in the list with an
+asterisk (@samp{*}).
+
+@item show charset
+@itemx show host-charset
+@itemx show target-charset
+@kindex show charset
+@kindex show host-charset
+@kindex show target-charset
+Show the current host and target charsets. The @code{show host-charset}
+and @code{show target-charset} commands are synonyms for @code{show
+charset}.
+
+@end table
+
+@value{GDBN} currently includes support for the following character
+sets:
+
+@table @code
+
+@item ASCII
+@cindex ASCII character set
+Seven-bit U.S. @sc{ascii}. @value{GDBN} can use this as its host
+character set.
+
+@item ISO-8859-1
+@cindex ISO 8859-1 character set
+@cindex ISO Latin 1 character set
+The ISO Latin 1 character set. This extends ASCII with accented
+characters needed for French, German, and Spanish. @value{GDBN} can use
+this as its host character set.
+
+@item EBCDIC-US
+@itemx IBM1047
+@cindex EBCDIC character set
+@cindex IBM1047 character set
+Variants of the @sc{ebcdic} character set, used on some of IBM's
+mainframe operating systems. (@sc{gnu}/Linux on the S/390 uses U.S. @sc{ascii}.)
+@value{GDBN} cannot use these as its host character set.
+
+@end table
+
+Note that these are all single-byte character sets. More work inside
+GDB is needed to support multi-byte or variable-width character
+encodings, like the UTF-8 and UCS-2 encodings of Unicode.
+
+Here is an example of @value{GDBN}'s character set support in action.
+Assume that the following source code has been placed in the file
+@file{charset-test.c}:
+
+@smallexample
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+char ascii_hello[]
+ = @{72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 44, 32, 119,
+ 111, 114, 108, 100, 33, 10, 0@};
+char ibm1047_hello[]
+ = @{200, 133, 147, 147, 150, 107, 64, 166,
+ 150, 153, 147, 132, 90, 37, 0@};
+
+main ()
+@{
+ printf ("Hello, world!\n");
+@}
+@end smallexample
+
+In this program, @code{ascii_hello} and @code{ibm1047_hello} are arrays
+containing the string @samp{Hello, world!} followed by a newline,
+encoded in the @sc{ascii} and @sc{ibm1047} character sets.
+
+We compile the program, and invoke the debugger on it:
+
+@smallexample
+$ gcc -g charset-test.c -o charset-test
+$ gdb -nw charset-test
+GNU gdb 2001-12-19-cvs
+Copyright 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@dots{}
+(gdb)
+@end smallexample
+
+We can use the @code{show charset} command to see what character sets
+@value{GDBN} is currently using to interpret and display characters and
+strings:
+
+@smallexample
+(gdb) show charset
+The current host and target character set is `iso-8859-1'.
+(gdb)
+@end smallexample
+
+For the sake of printing this manual, let's use @sc{ascii} as our
+initial character set:
+@smallexample
+(gdb) set charset ascii
+(gdb) show charset
+The current host and target character set is `ascii'.
+(gdb)
+@end smallexample
+
+Let's assume that @sc{ascii} is indeed the correct character set for our
+host system --- in other words, let's assume that if @value{GDBN} prints
+characters using the @sc{ascii} character set, our terminal will display
+them properly. Since our current target character set is also
+@sc{ascii}, the contents of @code{ascii_hello} print legibly:
+
+@smallexample
+(gdb) print ascii_hello
+$1 = 0x401698 "Hello, world!\n"
+(gdb) print ascii_hello[0]
+$2 = 72 'H'
+(gdb)
+@end smallexample
+
+@value{GDBN} uses the target character set for character and string
+literals you use in expressions:
+
+@smallexample
+(gdb) print '+'
+$3 = 43 '+'
+(gdb)
+@end smallexample
+
+The @sc{ascii} character set uses the number 43 to encode the @samp{+}
+character.
+
+@value{GDBN} relies on the user to tell it which character set the
+target program uses. If we print @code{ibm1047_hello} while our target
+character set is still @sc{ascii}, we get jibberish:
+
+@smallexample
+(gdb) print ibm1047_hello
+$4 = 0x4016a8 "\310\205\223\223\226k@@\246\226\231\223\204Z%"
+(gdb) print ibm1047_hello[0]
+$5 = 200 '\310'
+(gdb)
+@end smallexample
+
+If we invoke the @code{set target-charset} command without an argument,
+@value{GDBN} tells us the character sets it supports:
+
+@smallexample
+(gdb) set target-charset
+Valid character sets are:
+ ascii *
+ iso-8859-1 *
+ ebcdic-us
+ ibm1047
+* - can be used as a host character set
+@end smallexample
+
+We can select @sc{ibm1047} as our target character set, and examine the
+program's strings again. Now the @sc{ascii} string is wrong, but
+@value{GDBN} translates the contents of @code{ibm1047_hello} from the
+target character set, @sc{ibm1047}, to the host character set,
+@sc{ascii}, and they display correctly:
+
+@smallexample
+(gdb) set target-charset ibm1047
+(gdb) show charset
+The current host character set is `ascii'.
+The current target character set is `ibm1047'.
+(gdb) print ascii_hello
+$6 = 0x401698 "\110\145%%?\054\040\167?\162%\144\041\012"
+(gdb) print ascii_hello[0]
+$7 = 72 '\110'
+(gdb) print ibm1047_hello
+$8 = 0x4016a8 "Hello, world!\n"
+(gdb) print ibm1047_hello[0]
+$9 = 200 'H'
+(gdb)
+@end smallexample
+
+As above, @value{GDBN} uses the target character set for character and
+string literals you use in expressions:
+
+@smallexample
+(gdb) print '+'
+$10 = 78 '+'
+(gdb)
+@end smallexample
+
+The IBM1047 character set uses the number 78 to encode the @samp{+}
+character.
+
+
@node Macros
@chapter C Preprocessor Macros
@itemx .F
Fortran source file
-@item .ch
-@itemx .c186
-@itemx .c286
-CHILL source file
-
@item .mod
Modula-2 source file
@node Support
@section Supported languages
-@value{GDBN} supports C, C@t{++}, Fortran, Java, Chill, assembly, and Modula-2.
+@value{GDBN} supports C, C@t{++}, Fortran, Java, assembly, and Modula-2.
@c This is false ...
Some @value{GDBN} features may be used in expressions regardless of the
language you use: the @value{GDBN} @code{@@} and @code{::} operators,
@menu
* C:: C and C@t{++}
* Modula-2:: Modula-2
-* Chill:: Chill
@end menu
@node C
In @value{GDBN} scripts, the Modula-2 inequality operator @code{#} is
interpreted as the beginning of a comment. Use @code{<>} instead.
-@node Chill
-@subsection Chill
-
-The extensions made to @value{GDBN} to support Chill only support output
-from the @sc{gnu} Chill compiler. Other Chill compilers are not currently
-supported, and attempting to debug executables produced by them is most
-likely to give an error as @value{GDBN} reads in the executable's symbol
-table.
-
-@c This used to say "... following Chill related topics ...", but since
-@c menus are not shown in the printed manual, it would look awkward.
-This section covers the Chill related topics and the features
-of @value{GDBN} which support these topics.
-
-@menu
-* How modes are displayed:: How modes are displayed
-* Locations:: Locations and their accesses
-* Values and their Operations:: Values and their Operations
-* Chill type and range checks::
-* Chill defaults::
-@end menu
-
-@node How modes are displayed
-@subsubsection How modes are displayed
+@node Symbols
+@chapter Examining the Symbol Table
-The Chill Datatype- (Mode) support of @value{GDBN} is directly related
-with the functionality of the @sc{gnu} Chill compiler, and therefore deviates
-slightly from the standard specification of the Chill language. The
-provided modes are:
+The commands described in this chapter allow you to inquire about the
+symbols (names of variables, functions and types) defined in your
+program. This information is inherent in the text of your program and
+does not change as your program executes. @value{GDBN} finds it in your
+program's symbol table, in the file indicated when you started @value{GDBN}
+(@pxref{File Options, ,Choosing files}), or by one of the
+file-management commands (@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}).
-@c FIXME: this @table's contents effectively disable @code by using @r
-@c on every @item. So why does it need @code?
-@table @code
-@item @r{@emph{Discrete modes:}}
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@emph{Integer Modes} which are predefined by @code{BYTE, UBYTE, INT,
-UINT, LONG, ULONG},
-@item
-@emph{Boolean Mode} which is predefined by @code{BOOL},
-@item
-@emph{Character Mode} which is predefined by @code{CHAR},
-@item
-@emph{Set Mode} which is displayed by the keyword @code{SET}.
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) ptype x
-type = SET (karli = 10, susi = 20, fritzi = 100)
-@end smallexample
-If the type is an unnumbered set the set element values are omitted.
-@item
-@emph{Range Mode} which is displayed by
-@smallexample
-@code{type = <basemode>(<lower bound> : <upper bound>)}
-@end smallexample
-where @code{<lower bound>, <upper bound>} can be of any discrete literal
-expression (e.g. set element names).
-@end itemize
+@cindex symbol names
+@cindex names of symbols
+@cindex quoting names
+Occasionally, you may need to refer to symbols that contain unusual
+characters, which @value{GDBN} ordinarily treats as word delimiters. The
+most frequent case is in referring to static variables in other
+source files (@pxref{Variables,,Program variables}). File names
+are recorded in object files as debugging symbols, but @value{GDBN} would
+ordinarily parse a typical file name, like @file{foo.c}, as the three words
+@samp{foo} @samp{.} @samp{c}. To allow @value{GDBN} to recognize
+@samp{foo.c} as a single symbol, enclose it in single quotes; for example,
-@item @r{@emph{Powerset Mode:}}
-A Powerset Mode is displayed by the keyword @code{POWERSET} followed by
-the member mode of the powerset. The member mode can be any discrete mode.
@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) ptype x
-type = POWERSET SET (egon, hugo, otto)
+p 'foo.c'::x
@end smallexample
-@item @r{@emph{Reference Modes:}}
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@emph{Bound Reference Mode} which is displayed by the keyword @code{REF}
-followed by the mode name to which the reference is bound.
-@item
-@emph{Free Reference Mode} which is displayed by the keyword @code{PTR}.
-@end itemize
-
-@item @r{@emph{Procedure mode}}
-The procedure mode is displayed by @code{type = PROC(<parameter list>)
-<return mode> EXCEPTIONS (<exception list>)}. The @code{<parameter
-list>} is a list of the parameter modes. @code{<return mode>} indicates
-the mode of the result of the procedure if any. The exceptionlist lists
-all possible exceptions which can be raised by the procedure.
-
-@ignore
-@item @r{@emph{Instance mode}}
-The instance mode is represented by a structure, which has a static
-type, and is therefore not really of interest.
-@end ignore
+@noindent
+looks up the value of @code{x} in the scope of the file @file{foo.c}.
-@item @r{@emph{Synchronization Modes:}}
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@emph{Event Mode} which is displayed by
-@smallexample
-@code{EVENT (<event length>)}
-@end smallexample
-where @code{(<event length>)} is optional.
-@item
-@emph{Buffer Mode} which is displayed by
-@smallexample
-@code{BUFFER (<buffer length>)<buffer element mode>}
-@end smallexample
-where @code{(<buffer length>)} is optional.
-@end itemize
+@table @code
+@kindex info address
+@cindex address of a symbol
+@item info address @var{symbol}
+Describe where the data for @var{symbol} is stored. For a register
+variable, this says which register it is kept in. For a non-register
+local variable, this prints the stack-frame offset at which the variable
+is always stored.
-@item @r{@emph{Timing Modes:}}
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@emph{Duration Mode} which is predefined by @code{DURATION}
-@item
-@emph{Absolute Time Mode} which is predefined by @code{TIME}
-@end itemize
+Note the contrast with @samp{print &@var{symbol}}, which does not work
+at all for a register variable, and for a stack local variable prints
+the exact address of the current instantiation of the variable.
-@item @r{@emph{Real Modes:}}
-Real Modes are predefined with @code{REAL} and @code{LONG_REAL}.
+@kindex info symbol
+@cindex symbol from address
+@item info symbol @var{addr}
+Print the name of a symbol which is stored at the address @var{addr}.
+If no symbol is stored exactly at @var{addr}, @value{GDBN} prints the
+nearest symbol and an offset from it:
-@item @r{@emph{String Modes:}}
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@emph{Character String Mode} which is displayed by
-@smallexample
-@code{CHARS(<string length>)}
-@end smallexample
-followed by the keyword @code{VARYING} if the String Mode is a varying
-mode
-@item
-@emph{Bit String Mode} which is displayed by
@smallexample
-@code{BOOLS(<string
-length>)}
+(@value{GDBP}) info symbol 0x54320
+_initialize_vx + 396 in section .text
@end smallexample
-@end itemize
-@item @r{@emph{Array Mode:}}
-The Array Mode is displayed by the keyword @code{ARRAY(<range>)}
-followed by the element mode (which may in turn be an array mode).
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) ptype x
-type = ARRAY (1:42)
- ARRAY (1:20)
- SET (karli = 10, susi = 20, fritzi = 100)
-@end smallexample
+@noindent
+This is the opposite of the @code{info address} command. You can use
+it to find out the name of a variable or a function given its address.
-@item @r{@emph{Structure Mode}}
-The Structure mode is displayed by the keyword @code{STRUCT(<field
-list>)}. The @code{<field list>} consists of names and modes of fields
-of the structure. Variant structures have the keyword @code{CASE <field>
-OF <variant fields> ESAC} in their field list. Since the current version
-of the GNU Chill compiler doesn't implement tag processing (no runtime
-checks of variant fields, and therefore no debugging info), the output
-always displays all variant fields.
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) ptype str
-type = STRUCT (
- as x,
- bs x,
- CASE bs OF
- (karli):
- cs a
- (ott):
- ds x
- ESAC
-)
-@end smallexample
-@end table
+@kindex whatis
+@item whatis @var{expr}
+Print the data type of expression @var{expr}. @var{expr} is not
+actually evaluated, and any side-effecting operations (such as
+assignments or function calls) inside it do not take place.
+@xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}.
-@node Locations
-@subsubsection Locations and their accesses
+@item whatis
+Print the data type of @code{$}, the last value in the value history.
-A location in Chill is an object which can contain values.
+@kindex ptype
+@item ptype @var{typename}
+Print a description of data type @var{typename}. @var{typename} may be
+the name of a type, or for C code it may have the form @samp{class
+@var{class-name}}, @samp{struct @var{struct-tag}}, @samp{union
+@var{union-tag}} or @samp{enum @var{enum-tag}}.
-A value of a location is generally accessed by the (declared) name of
-the location. The output conforms to the specification of values in
-Chill programs. How values are specified
-is the topic of the next section, @ref{Values and their Operations}.
+@item ptype @var{expr}
+@itemx ptype
+Print a description of the type of expression @var{expr}. @code{ptype}
+differs from @code{whatis} by printing a detailed description, instead
+of just the name of the type.
-The pseudo-location @code{RESULT} (or @code{result}) can be used to
-display or change the result of a currently-active procedure:
+For example, for this variable declaration:
@smallexample
-set result := EXPR
+struct complex @{double real; double imag;@} v;
@end smallexample
@noindent
-This does the same as the Chill action @code{RESULT EXPR} (which
-is not available in @value{GDBN}).
-
-Values of reference mode locations are printed by @code{PTR(<hex
-value>)} in case of a free reference mode, and by @code{(REF <reference
-mode>) (<hex-value>)} in case of a bound reference. @code{<hex value>}
-represents the address where the reference points to. To access the
-value of the location referenced by the pointer, use the dereference
-operator @samp{->}.
-
-Values of procedure mode locations are displayed by
-@smallexample
-@code{@{ PROC
-(<argument modes> ) <return mode> @} <address> <name of procedure
-location>}
-@end smallexample
-@code{<argument modes>} is a list of modes according to the parameter
-specification of the procedure and @code{<address>} shows the address of
-the entry point.
-
-@ignore
-Locations of instance modes are displayed just like a structure with two
-fields specifying the @emph{process type} and the @emph{copy number} of
-the investigated instance location@footnote{This comes from the current
-implementation of instances. They are implemented as a structure (no
-na). The output should be something like @code{[<name of the process>;
-<instance number>]}.}. The field names are @code{__proc_type} and
-@code{__proc_copy}.
-
-Locations of synchronization modes are displayed like a structure with
-the field name @code{__event_data} in case of a event mode location, and
-like a structure with the field @code{__buffer_data} in case of a buffer
-mode location (refer to previous paragraph).
-
-Structure Mode locations are printed by @code{[.<field name>: <value>,
-...]}. The @code{<field name>} corresponds to the structure mode
-definition and the layout of @code{<value>} varies depending of the mode
-of the field. If the investigated structure mode location is of variant
-structure mode, the variant parts of the structure are enclosed in curled
-braces (@samp{@{@}}). Fields enclosed by @samp{@{,@}} are residing
-on the same memory location and represent the current values of the
-memory location in their specific modes. Since no tag processing is done
-all variants are displayed. A variant field is printed by
-@code{(<variant name>) = .<field name>: <value>}. (who implements the
-stuff ???)
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) print str1 $4 = [.as: 0, .bs: karli, .<TAG>: { (karli) =
-[.cs: []], (susi) = [.ds: susi]}]
-@end smallexample
-@end ignore
-
-Substructures of string mode-, array mode- or structure mode-values
-(e.g. array slices, fields of structure locations) are accessed using
-certain operations which are described in the next section, @ref{Values
-and their Operations}.
-
-A location value may be interpreted as having a different mode using the
-location conversion. This mode conversion is written as @code{<mode
-name>(<location>)}. The user has to consider that the sizes of the modes
-have to be equal otherwise an error occurs. Furthermore, no range
-checking of the location against the destination mode is performed, and
-therefore the result can be quite confusing.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) print int (s(3 up 4)) XXX TO be filled in !! XXX
-@end smallexample
-
-@node Values and their Operations
-@subsubsection Values and their Operations
-
-Values are used to alter locations, to investigate complex structures in
-more detail or to filter relevant information out of a large amount of
-data. There are several (mode dependent) operations defined which enable
-such investigations. These operations are not only applicable to
-constant values but also to locations, which can become quite useful
-when debugging complex structures. During parsing the command line
-(e.g. evaluating an expression) @value{GDBN} treats location names as
-the values behind these locations.
-
-This section describes how values have to be specified and which
-operations are legal to be used with such values.
-
-@table @code
-@item Literal Values
-Literal values are specified in the same manner as in @sc{gnu} Chill programs.
-For detailed specification refer to the @sc{gnu} Chill implementation Manual
-chapter 1.5.
-@c FIXME: if the Chill Manual is a Texinfo documents, the above should
-@c be converted to a @ref.
-
-@ignore
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@emph{Integer Literals} are specified in the same manner as in Chill
-programs (refer to the Chill Standard z200/88 chpt 5.2.4.2)
-@item
-@emph{Boolean Literals} are defined by @code{TRUE} and @code{FALSE}.
-@item
-@emph{Character Literals} are defined by @code{'<character>'}. (e.g.
-@code{'M'})
-@item
-@emph{Set Literals} are defined by a name which was specified in a set
-mode. The value delivered by a Set Literal is the set value. This is
-comparable to an enumeration in C/C@t{++} language.
-@item
-@emph{Emptiness Literal} is predefined by @code{NULL}. The value of the
-emptiness literal delivers either the empty reference value, the empty
-procedure value or the empty instance value.
-
-@item
-@emph{Character String Literals} are defined by a sequence of characters
-enclosed in single- or double quotes. If a single- or double quote has
-to be part of the string literal it has to be stuffed (specified twice).
-@item
-@emph{Bitstring Literals} are specified in the same manner as in Chill
-programs (refer z200/88 chpt 5.2.4.8).
-@item
-@emph{Floating point literals} are specified in the same manner as in
-(gnu-)Chill programs (refer @sc{gnu} Chill implementation Manual chapter 1.5).
-@end itemize
-@end ignore
-
-@item Tuple Values
-A tuple is specified by @code{<mode name>[<tuple>]}, where @code{<mode
-name>} can be omitted if the mode of the tuple is unambiguous. This
-unambiguity is derived from the context of a evaluated expression.
-@code{<tuple>} can be one of the following:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item @emph{Powerset Tuple}
-@item @emph{Array Tuple}
-@item @emph{Structure Tuple}
-Powerset tuples, array tuples and structure tuples are specified in the
-same manner as in Chill programs refer to z200/88 chpt 5.2.5.
-@end itemize
-
-@item String Element Value
-A string element value is specified by
-@smallexample
-@code{<string value>(<index>)}
-@end smallexample
-where @code{<index>} is a integer expression. It delivers a character
-value which is equivalent to the character indexed by @code{<index>} in
-the string.
-
-@item String Slice Value
-A string slice value is specified by @code{<string value>(<slice
-spec>)}, where @code{<slice spec>} can be either a range of integer
-expressions or specified by @code{<start expr> up <size>}.
-@code{<size>} denotes the number of elements which the slice contains.
-The delivered value is a string value, which is part of the specified
-string.
-
-@item Array Element Values
-An array element value is specified by @code{<array value>(<expr>)} and
-delivers a array element value of the mode of the specified array.
-
-@item Array Slice Values
-An array slice is specified by @code{<array value>(<slice spec>)}, where
-@code{<slice spec>} can be either a range specified by expressions or by
-@code{<start expr> up <size>}. @code{<size>} denotes the number of
-arrayelements the slice contains. The delivered value is an array value
-which is part of the specified array.
-
-@item Structure Field Values
-A structure field value is derived by @code{<structure value>.<field
-name>}, where @code{<field name>} indicates the name of a field specified
-in the mode definition of the structure. The mode of the delivered value
-corresponds to this mode definition in the structure definition.
-
-@item Procedure Call Value
-The procedure call value is derived from the return value of the
-procedure@footnote{If a procedure call is used for instance in an
-expression, then this procedure is called with all its side
-effects. This can lead to confusing results if used carelessly.}.
-
-Values of duration mode locations are represented by @code{ULONG} literals.
-
-Values of time mode locations appear as
-@smallexample
-@code{TIME(<secs>:<nsecs>)}
-@end smallexample
-
-
-@ignore
-This is not implemented yet:
-@item Built-in Value
-@noindent
-The following built in functions are provided:
-
-@table @code
-@item @code{ADDR()}
-@item @code{NUM()}
-@item @code{PRED()}
-@item @code{SUCC()}
-@item @code{ABS()}
-@item @code{CARD()}
-@item @code{MAX()}
-@item @code{MIN()}
-@item @code{SIZE()}
-@item @code{UPPER()}
-@item @code{LOWER()}
-@item @code{LENGTH()}
-@item @code{SIN()}
-@item @code{COS()}
-@item @code{TAN()}
-@item @code{ARCSIN()}
-@item @code{ARCCOS()}
-@item @code{ARCTAN()}
-@item @code{EXP()}
-@item @code{LN()}
-@item @code{LOG()}
-@item @code{SQRT()}
-@end table
-
-For a detailed description refer to the GNU Chill implementation manual
-chapter 1.6.
-@end ignore
-
-@item Zero-adic Operator Value
-The zero-adic operator value is derived from the instance value for the
-current active process.
-
-@item Expression Values
-The value delivered by an expression is the result of the evaluation of
-the specified expression. If there are error conditions (mode
-incompatibility, etc.) the evaluation of expressions is aborted with a
-corresponding error message. Expressions may be parenthesised which
-causes the evaluation of this expression before any other expression
-which uses the result of the parenthesised expression. The following
-operators are supported by @value{GDBN}:
-
-@table @code
-@item @code{OR, ORIF, XOR}
-@itemx @code{AND, ANDIF}
-@itemx @code{NOT}
-Logical operators defined over operands of boolean mode.
-
-@item @code{=, /=}
-Equality and inequality operators defined over all modes.
-
-@item @code{>, >=}
-@itemx @code{<, <=}
-Relational operators defined over predefined modes.
-
-@item @code{+, -}
-@itemx @code{*, /, MOD, REM}
-Arithmetic operators defined over predefined modes.
-
-@item @code{-}
-Change sign operator.
-
-@item @code{//}
-String concatenation operator.
-
-@item @code{()}
-String repetition operator.
-
-@item @code{->}
-Referenced location operator which can be used either to take the
-address of a location (@code{->loc}), or to dereference a reference
-location (@code{loc->}).
-
-@item @code{OR, XOR}
-@itemx @code{AND}
-@itemx @code{NOT}
-Powerset and bitstring operators.
-
-@item @code{>, >=}
-@itemx @code{<, <=}
-Powerset inclusion operators.
-
-@item @code{IN}
-Membership operator.
-@end table
-@end table
-
-@node Chill type and range checks
-@subsubsection Chill type and range checks
-
-@value{GDBN} considers two Chill variables mode equivalent if the sizes
-of the two modes are equal. This rule applies recursively to more
-complex datatypes which means that complex modes are treated
-equivalent if all element modes (which also can be complex modes like
-structures, arrays, etc.) have the same size.
-
-Range checking is done on all mathematical operations, assignment, array
-index bounds and all built in procedures.
-
-Strong type checks are forced using the @value{GDBN} command @code{set
-check strong}. This enforces strong type and range checks on all
-operations where Chill constructs are used (expressions, built in
-functions, etc.) in respect to the semantics as defined in the z.200
-language specification.
-
-All checks can be disabled by the @value{GDBN} command @code{set check
-off}.
-
-@ignore
-@c Deviations from the Chill Standard Z200/88
-see last paragraph ?
-@end ignore
-
-@node Chill defaults
-@subsubsection Chill defaults
-
-If type and range checking are set automatically by @value{GDBN}, they
-both default to @code{on} whenever the working language changes to
-Chill. This happens regardless of whether you or @value{GDBN}
-selected the working language.
-
-If you allow @value{GDBN} to set the language automatically, then entering
-code compiled from a file whose name ends with @file{.ch} sets the
-working language to Chill. @xref{Automatically, ,Having @value{GDBN} set
-the language automatically}, for further details.
-
-@node Symbols
-@chapter Examining the Symbol Table
-
-The commands described in this chapter allow you to inquire about the
-symbols (names of variables, functions and types) defined in your
-program. This information is inherent in the text of your program and
-does not change as your program executes. @value{GDBN} finds it in your
-program's symbol table, in the file indicated when you started @value{GDBN}
-(@pxref{File Options, ,Choosing files}), or by one of the
-file-management commands (@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}).
-
-@cindex symbol names
-@cindex names of symbols
-@cindex quoting names
-Occasionally, you may need to refer to symbols that contain unusual
-characters, which @value{GDBN} ordinarily treats as word delimiters. The
-most frequent case is in referring to static variables in other
-source files (@pxref{Variables,,Program variables}). File names
-are recorded in object files as debugging symbols, but @value{GDBN} would
-ordinarily parse a typical file name, like @file{foo.c}, as the three words
-@samp{foo} @samp{.} @samp{c}. To allow @value{GDBN} to recognize
-@samp{foo.c} as a single symbol, enclose it in single quotes; for example,
-
-@smallexample
-p 'foo.c'::x
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-looks up the value of @code{x} in the scope of the file @file{foo.c}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info address
-@cindex address of a symbol
-@item info address @var{symbol}
-Describe where the data for @var{symbol} is stored. For a register
-variable, this says which register it is kept in. For a non-register
-local variable, this prints the stack-frame offset at which the variable
-is always stored.
-
-Note the contrast with @samp{print &@var{symbol}}, which does not work
-at all for a register variable, and for a stack local variable prints
-the exact address of the current instantiation of the variable.
-
-@kindex info symbol
-@cindex symbol from address
-@item info symbol @var{addr}
-Print the name of a symbol which is stored at the address @var{addr}.
-If no symbol is stored exactly at @var{addr}, @value{GDBN} prints the
-nearest symbol and an offset from it:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) info symbol 0x54320
-_initialize_vx + 396 in section .text
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-This is the opposite of the @code{info address} command. You can use
-it to find out the name of a variable or a function given its address.
-
-@kindex whatis
-@item whatis @var{expr}
-Print the data type of expression @var{expr}. @var{expr} is not
-actually evaluated, and any side-effecting operations (such as
-assignments or function calls) inside it do not take place.
-@xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}.
-
-@item whatis
-Print the data type of @code{$}, the last value in the value history.
-
-@kindex ptype
-@item ptype @var{typename}
-Print a description of data type @var{typename}. @var{typename} may be
-the name of a type, or for C code it may have the form @samp{class
-@var{class-name}}, @samp{struct @var{struct-tag}}, @samp{union
-@var{union-tag}} or @samp{enum @var{enum-tag}}.
-
-@item ptype @var{expr}
-@itemx ptype
-Print a description of the type of expression @var{expr}. @code{ptype}
-differs from @code{whatis} by printing a detailed description, instead
-of just the name of the type.
-
-For example, for this variable declaration:
-
-@smallexample
-struct complex @{double real; double imag;@} v;
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-the two commands give this output:
+the two commands give this output:
@smallexample
@group
@menu
* Files:: Commands to specify files
+* Separate Debug Files:: Debugging information in separate files
* Symbol Errors:: Errors reading symbol files
@end menu
Display the current autoloading size threshold, in megabytes.
@end table
+Shared libraries are also supported in many cross or remote debugging
+configurations. A copy of the target's libraries need to be present on the
+host system; they need to be the same as the target libraries, although the
+copies on the target can be stripped as long as the copies on the host are
+not.
+
+You need to tell @value{GDBN} where the target libraries are, so that it can
+load the correct copies---otherwise, it may try to load the host's libraries.
+@value{GDBN} has two variables to specify the search directories for target
+libraries.
+
+@table @code
+@kindex set solib-absolute-prefix
+@item set solib-absolute-prefix @var{path}
+If this variable is set, @var{path} will be used as a prefix for any
+absolute shared library paths; many runtime loaders store the absolute
+paths to the shared library in the target program's memory. If you use
+@samp{solib-absolute-prefix} to find shared libraries, they need to be laid
+out in the same way that they are on the target, with e.g.@: a
+@file{/usr/lib} hierarchy under @var{path}.
+
+You can set the default value of @samp{solib-absolute-prefix} by using the
+configure-time @samp{--with-sysroot} option.
+
+@kindex show solib-absolute-prefix
+@item show solib-absolute-prefix
+Display the current shared library prefix.
+
+@kindex set solib-search-path
+@item set solib-search-path @var{path}
+If this variable is set, @var{path} is a colon-separated list of directories
+to search for shared libraries. @samp{solib-search-path} is used after
+@samp{solib-absolute-prefix} fails to locate the library, or if the path to
+the library is relative instead of absolute. If you want to use
+@samp{solib-search-path} instead of @samp{solib-absolute-prefix}, be sure to
+set @samp{solib-absolute-prefix} to a nonexistant directory to prevent
+@value{GDBN} from finding your host's libraries.
+
+@kindex show solib-search-path
+@item show solib-search-path
+Display the current shared library search path.
+@end table
+
+
+@node Separate Debug Files
+@section Debugging Information in Separate Files
+@cindex separate debugging information files
+@cindex debugging information in separate files
+@cindex @file{.debug} subdirectories
+@cindex debugging information directory, global
+@cindex global debugging information directory
+
+@value{GDBN} allows you to put a program's debugging information in a
+file separate from the executable itself, in a way that allows
+@value{GDBN} to find and load the debugging information automatically.
+Since debugging information can be very large --- sometimes larger
+than the executable code itself --- some systems distribute debugging
+information for their executables in separate files, which users can
+install only when they need to debug a problem.
+
+If an executable's debugging information has been extracted to a
+separate file, the executable should contain a @dfn{debug link} giving
+the name of the debugging information file (with no directory
+components), and a checksum of its contents. (The exact form of a
+debug link is described below.) If the full name of the directory
+containing the executable is @var{execdir}, and the executable has a
+debug link that specifies the name @var{debugfile}, then @value{GDBN}
+will automatically search for the debugging information file in three
+places:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+the directory containing the executable file (that is, it will look
+for a file named @file{@var{execdir}/@var{debugfile}},
+@item
+a subdirectory of that directory named @file{.debug} (that is, the
+file @file{@var{execdir}/.debug/@var{debugfile}}, and
+@item
+a subdirectory of the global debug file directory that includes the
+executable's full path, and the name from the link (that is, the file
+@file{@var{globaldebugdir}/@var{execdir}/@var{debugfile}}, where
+@var{globaldebugdir} is the global debug file directory, and
+@var{execdir} has been turned into a relative path).
+@end itemize
+@noindent
+@value{GDBN} checks under each of these names for a debugging
+information file whose checksum matches that given in the link, and
+reads the debugging information from the first one it finds.
+
+So, for example, if you ask @value{GDBN} to debug @file{/usr/bin/ls},
+which has a link containing the name @file{ls.debug}, and the global
+debug directory is @file{/usr/lib/debug}, then @value{GDBN} will look
+for debug information in @file{/usr/bin/ls.debug},
+@file{/usr/bin/.debug/ls.debug}, and
+@file{/usr/lib/debug/usr/bin/ls.debug}.
+
+You can set the global debugging info directory's name, and view the
+name @value{GDBN} is currently using.
+
+@table @code
+
+@kindex set debug-file-directory
+@item set debug-file-directory @var{directory}
+Set the directory which @value{GDBN} searches for separate debugging
+information files to @var{directory}.
+
+@kindex show debug-file-directory
+@item show debug-file-directory
+Show the directory @value{GDBN} searches for separate debugging
+information files.
+
+@end table
+
+@cindex @code{.gnu_debuglink} sections
+@cindex debug links
+A debug link is a special section of the executable file named
+@code{.gnu_debuglink}. The section must contain:
+
+@itemize
+@item
+A filename, with any leading directory components removed, followed by
+a zero byte,
+@item
+zero to three bytes of padding, as needed to reach the next four-byte
+boundary within the section, and
+@item
+a four-byte CRC checksum, stored in the same endianness used for the
+executable file itself. The checksum is computed on the debugging
+information file's full contents by the function given below, passing
+zero as the @var{crc} argument.
+@end itemize
+
+Any executable file format can carry a debug link, as long as it can
+contain a section named @code{.gnu_debuglink} with the contents
+described above.
+
+The debugging information file itself should be an ordinary
+executable, containing a full set of linker symbols, sections, and
+debugging information. The sections of the debugging information file
+should have the same names, addresses and sizes as the original file,
+but they need not contain any data --- much like a @code{.bss} section
+in an ordinary executable.
+
+As of December 2002, there is no standard GNU utility to produce
+separated executable / debugging information file pairs. Ulrich
+Drepper's @file{elfutils} package, starting with version 0.53,
+contains a version of the @code{strip} command such that the command
+@kbd{strip foo -f foo.debug} removes the debugging information from
+the executable file @file{foo}, places it in the file
+@file{foo.debug}, and leaves behind a debug link in @file{foo}.
+
+Since there are many different ways to compute CRC's (different
+polynomials, reversals, byte ordering, etc.), the simplest way to
+describe the CRC used in @code{.gnu_debuglink} sections is to give the
+complete code for a function that computes it:
+
+@kindex @code{gnu_debuglink_crc32}
+@smallexample
+unsigned long
+gnu_debuglink_crc32 (unsigned long crc,
+ unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
+@{
+ static const unsigned long crc32_table[256] =
+ @{
+ 0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419,
+ 0x706af48f, 0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3, 0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4,
+ 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988, 0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07,
+ 0x90bf1d91, 0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2, 0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de,
+ 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7, 0x136c9856,
+ 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9,
+ 0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5, 0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4,
+ 0xa2677172, 0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b,
+ 0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c, 0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3,
+ 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59, 0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a,
+ 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423, 0xcfba9599,
+ 0xb8bda50f, 0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924,
+ 0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d, 0x76dc4190,
+ 0x01db7106, 0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f,
+ 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433, 0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e,
+ 0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d, 0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01,
+ 0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e, 0x6c0695ed,
+ 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457, 0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950,
+ 0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3,
+ 0xfbd44c65, 0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2,
+ 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7, 0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb, 0x4369e96a,
+ 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0, 0x44042d73, 0x33031de5,
+ 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9, 0x5005713c, 0x270241aa, 0xbe0b1010,
+ 0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
+ 0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17,
+ 0x2eb40d81, 0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad, 0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6,
+ 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a, 0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615,
+ 0x73dc1683, 0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84, 0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8,
+ 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1, 0xf00f9344,
+ 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb,
+ 0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7, 0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a,
+ 0x67dd4acc, 0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5,
+ 0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e, 0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1,
+ 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b, 0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c,
+ 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55, 0x316e8eef,
+ 0x4669be79, 0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236,
+ 0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f, 0xc5ba3bbe,
+ 0xb2bd0b28, 0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31,
+ 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d, 0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c,
+ 0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f, 0x72076785, 0x05005713,
+ 0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38, 0x92d28e9b,
+ 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21, 0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242,
+ 0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1,
+ 0x18b74777, 0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c,
+ 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69, 0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45, 0xa00ae278,
+ 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2, 0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7,
+ 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db, 0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc, 0x40df0b66,
+ 0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
+ 0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605,
+ 0xcdd70693, 0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf, 0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8,
+ 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94, 0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b,
+ 0x2d02ef8d
+ @};
+ unsigned char *end;
+
+ crc = ~crc & 0xffffffff;
+ for (end = buf + len; buf < end; ++buf)
+ crc = crc32_table[(crc ^ *buf) & 0xff] ^ (crc >> 8);
+ return ~crc & 0xffffffff;;
+@}
+@end smallexample
+
+
@node Symbol Errors
@section Errors reading symbol files
several kinds of information about the process running your program.
@code{info proc} works only on SVR4 systems that include the
@code{procfs} code. This includes OSF/1 (Digital Unix), Solaris, Irix,
-and Unixware, but not HP-UX or Linux, for example.
+and Unixware, but not HP-UX or @sc{gnu}/Linux, for example.
@table @code
@kindex info proc
* ARM:: ARM
* H8/300:: Hitachi H8/300
* H8/500:: Hitachi H8/500
-* i960:: Intel i960
* M32R/D:: Mitsubishi M32R/D
* M68K:: Motorola M68K
-* M88K:: Motorola M88K
* MIPS Embedded:: MIPS Embedded
+* OpenRISC 1000:: OpenRisc 1000
* PA:: HP PA Embedded
* PowerPC: PowerPC
* SH:: Hitachi SH
@end table
-@node i960
-@subsection Intel i960
-
-@table @code
-
-@kindex target mon960
-@item target mon960 @var{dev}
-MON960 monitor for Intel i960.
-
-@kindex target nindy
-@item target nindy @var{devicename}
-An Intel 960 board controlled by a Nindy Monitor. @var{devicename} is
-the name of the serial device to use for the connection, e.g.
-@file{/dev/ttya}.
-
-@end table
-
-@cindex Nindy
-@cindex i960
-@dfn{Nindy} is a ROM Monitor program for Intel 960 target systems. When
-@value{GDBN} is configured to control a remote Intel 960 using Nindy, you can
-tell @value{GDBN} how to connect to the 960 in several ways:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Through command line options specifying serial port, version of the
-Nindy protocol, and communications speed;
-
-@item
-By responding to a prompt on startup;
-
-@item
-By using the @code{target} command at any point during your @value{GDBN}
-session. @xref{Target Commands, ,Commands for managing targets}.
-
-@end itemize
-
-@cindex download to Nindy-960
-With the Nindy interface to an Intel 960 board, @code{load}
-downloads @var{filename} to the 960 as well as adding its symbols in
-@value{GDBN}.
-
-@menu
-* Nindy Startup:: Startup with Nindy
-* Nindy Options:: Options for Nindy
-* Nindy Reset:: Nindy reset command
-@end menu
-
-@node Nindy Startup
-@subsubsection Startup with Nindy
-
-If you simply start @code{@value{GDBP}} without using any command-line
-options, you are prompted for what serial port to use, @emph{before} you
-reach the ordinary @value{GDBN} prompt:
-
-@smallexample
-Attach /dev/ttyNN -- specify NN, or "quit" to quit:
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Respond to the prompt with whatever suffix (after @samp{/dev/tty})
-identifies the serial port you want to use. You can, if you choose,
-simply start up with no Nindy connection by responding to the prompt
-with an empty line. If you do this and later wish to attach to Nindy,
-use @code{target} (@pxref{Target Commands, ,Commands for managing targets}).
-
-@node Nindy Options
-@subsubsection Options for Nindy
-
-These are the startup options for beginning your @value{GDBN} session with a
-Nindy-960 board attached:
-
-@table @code
-@item -r @var{port}
-Specify the serial port name of a serial interface to be used to connect
-to the target system. This option is only available when @value{GDBN} is
-configured for the Intel 960 target architecture. You may specify
-@var{port} as any of: a full pathname (e.g. @samp{-r /dev/ttya}), a
-device name in @file{/dev} (e.g. @samp{-r ttya}), or simply the unique
-suffix for a specific @code{tty} (e.g. @samp{-r a}).
-
-@item -O
-(An uppercase letter ``O'', not a zero.) Specify that @value{GDBN} should use
-the ``old'' Nindy monitor protocol to connect to the target system.
-This option is only available when @value{GDBN} is configured for the Intel 960
-target architecture.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} if you specify @samp{-O}, but are actually trying to
-connect to a target system that expects the newer protocol, the connection
-fails, appearing to be a speed mismatch. @value{GDBN} repeatedly
-attempts to reconnect at several different line speeds. You can abort
-this process with an interrupt.
-@end quotation
-
-@item -brk
-Specify that @value{GDBN} should first send a @code{BREAK} signal to the target
-system, in an attempt to reset it, before connecting to a Nindy target.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} Many target systems do not have the hardware that this
-requires; it only works with a few boards.
-@end quotation
-@end table
-
-The standard @samp{-b} option controls the line speed used on the serial
-port.
-
-@c @group
-@node Nindy Reset
-@subsubsection Nindy reset command
-
-@table @code
-@item reset
-@kindex reset
-For a Nindy target, this command sends a ``break'' to the remote target
-system; this is only useful if the target has been equipped with a
-circuit to perform a hard reset (or some other interesting action) when
-a break is detected.
-@end table
-@c @end group
-
@node M32R/D
@subsection Mitsubishi M32R/D
@end table
-If @value{GDBN} is configured with @code{m68*-ericsson-*}, it will
-instead have only a single special target command:
-
-@table @code
-
-@kindex target es1800
-@item target es1800 @var{dev}
-ES-1800 emulator for M68K.
-
-@end table
-
-[context?]
-
@table @code
@kindex target rombug
@end table
-@node M88K
-@subsection M88K
-
-@table @code
-
-@kindex target bug
-@item target bug @var{dev}
-BUG monitor, running on a MVME187 (m88k) board.
-
-@end table
-
@node MIPS Embedded
@subsection MIPS Embedded
to run before stopping.
@end table
+@node OpenRISC 1000
+@subsection OpenRISC 1000
+@cindex OpenRISC 1000
+
+@cindex or1k boards
+See OR1k Architecture document (@uref{www.opencores.org}) for more information
+about platform and commands.
+
+@table @code
+
+@kindex target jtag
+@item target jtag jtag://@var{host}:@var{port}
+
+Connects to remote JTAG server.
+JTAG remote server can be either an or1ksim or JTAG server,
+connected via parallel port to the board.
+
+Example: @code{target jtag jtag://localhost:9999}
+
+@kindex or1ksim
+@item or1ksim @var{command}
+If connected to @code{or1ksim} OpenRISC 1000 Architectural
+Simulator, proprietary commands can be executed.
+
+@kindex info or1k spr
+@item info or1k spr
+Displays spr groups.
+
+@item info or1k spr @var{group}
+@itemx info or1k spr @var{groupno}
+Displays register names in selected group.
+
+@item info or1k spr @var{group} @var{register}
+@itemx info or1k spr @var{register}
+@itemx info or1k spr @var{groupno} @var{registerno}
+@itemx info or1k spr @var{registerno}
+Shows information about specified spr register.
+
+@kindex spr
+@item spr @var{group} @var{register} @var{value}
+@itemx spr @var{register @var{value}}
+@itemx spr @var{groupno} @var{registerno @var{value}}
+@itemx spr @var{registerno @var{value}}
+Writes @var{value} to specified spr register.
+@end table
+
+Some implementations of OpenRISC 1000 Architecture also have hardware trace.
+It is very similar to @value{GDBN} trace, except it does not interfere with normal
+program execution and is thus much faster. Hardware breakpoints/watchpoint
+triggers can be set using:
+@table @code
+@item $LEA/$LDATA
+Load effective address/data
+@item $SEA/$SDATA
+Store effective address/data
+@item $AEA/$ADATA
+Access effective address ($SEA or $LEA) or data ($SDATA/$LDATA)
+@item $FETCH
+Fetch data
+@end table
+
+When triggered, it can capture low level data, like: @code{PC}, @code{LSEA},
+@code{LDATA}, @code{SDATA}, @code{READSPR}, @code{WRITESPR}, @code{INSTR}.
+
+@code{htrace} commands:
+@cindex OpenRISC 1000 htrace
+@table @code
+@kindex hwatch
+@item hwatch @var{conditional}
+Set hardware watchpoint on combination of Load/Store Effecive Address(es)
+or Data. For example:
+
+@code{hwatch ($LEA == my_var) && ($LDATA < 50) || ($SEA == my_var) && ($SDATA >= 50)}
+
+@code{hwatch ($LEA == my_var) && ($LDATA < 50) || ($SEA == my_var) && ($SDATA >= 50)}
+
+@kindex htrace info
+@item htrace info
+Display information about current HW trace configuration.
+
+@kindex htrace trigger
+@item htrace trigger @var{conditional}
+Set starting criteria for HW trace.
+
+@kindex htrace qualifier
+@item htrace qualifier @var{conditional}
+Set acquisition qualifier for HW trace.
+
+@kindex htrace stop
+@item htrace stop @var{conditional}
+Set HW trace stopping criteria.
+
+@kindex htrace record
+@item htrace record [@var{data}]*
+Selects the data to be recorded, when qualifier is met and HW trace was
+triggered.
+
+@kindex htrace enable
+@item htrace enable
+@kindex htrace disable
+@itemx htrace disable
+Enables/disables the HW trace.
+
+@kindex htrace rewind
+@item htrace rewind [@var{filename}]
+Clears currently recorded trace data.
+
+If filename is specified, new trace file is made and any newly collected data
+will be written there.
+
+@kindex htrace print
+@item htrace print [@var{start} [@var{len}]]
+Prints trace buffer, using current record configuration.
+
+@kindex htrace mode continuous
+@item htrace mode continuous
+Set continuous trace mode.
+
+@kindex htrace mode suspend
+@item htrace mode suspend
+Set suspend trace mode.
+
+@end table
+
@node PowerPC
@subsection PowerPC
* History:: Command history
* Screen Size:: Screen size
* Numbers:: Numbers
+* ABI:: Configuring the current ABI
* Messages/Warnings:: Optional warnings and messages
* Debugging Output:: Optional messages about internal happenings
@end menu
Display the current default base for numeric display.
@end table
+@node ABI
+@section Configuring the current ABI
+
+@value{GDBN} can determine the @dfn{ABI} (Application Binary Interface) of your
+application automatically. However, sometimes you need to override its
+conclusions. Use these commands to manage @value{GDBN}'s view of the
+current ABI.
+
+@cindex OS ABI
+@kindex set osabi
+@kindex show osabi
+
+One @value{GDBN} configuration can debug binaries for multiple operating
+system targets, either via remote debugging or native emulation.
+@value{GDBN} will autodetect the @dfn{OS ABI} (Operating System ABI) in use,
+but you can override its conclusion using the @code{set osabi} command.
+One example where this is useful is in debugging of binaries which use
+an alternate C library (e.g.@: @sc{uClibc} for @sc{gnu}/Linux) which does
+not have the same identifying marks that the standard C library for your
+platform provides.
+
+@table @code
+@item show osabi
+Show the OS ABI currently in use.
+
+@item set osabi
+With no argument, show the list of registered available OS ABI's.
+
+@item set osabi @var{abi}
+Set the current OS ABI to @var{abi}.
+@end table
+
+@cindex float promotion
+@kindex set coerce-float-to-double
+
+Generally, the way that an argument of type @code{float} is passed to a
+function depends on whether the function is prototyped. For a prototyped
+(i.e.@: ANSI/ISO style) function, @code{float} arguments are passed unchanged,
+according to the architecture's convention for @code{float}. For unprototyped
+(i.e.@: K&R style) functions, @code{float} arguments are first promoted to type
+@code{double} and then passed.
+
+Unfortunately, some forms of debug information do not reliably indicate whether
+a function is prototyped. If @value{GDBN} calls a function that is not marked
+as prototyped, it consults @kbd{set coerce-float-to-double}.
+
+@table @code
+@item set coerce-float-to-double
+@itemx set coerce-float-to-double on
+Arguments of type @code{float} will be promoted to @code{double} when passed
+to an unprototyped function. This is the default setting.
+
+@item set coerce-float-to-double off
+Arguments of type @code{float} will be passed directly to unprototyped
+functions.
+@end table
+
@node Messages/Warnings
@section Optional warnings and messages
@menu
* TUI Overview:: TUI overview
* TUI Keys:: TUI key bindings
+* TUI Single Key Mode:: TUI single key mode
* TUI Commands:: TUI specific commands
* TUI Configuration:: TUI configuration variables
@end menu
@item source
The source window shows the source file of the program. The current
line as well as active breakpoints are displayed in this window.
-The current program position is shown with the @samp{>} marker and
-active breakpoints are shown with @samp{*} markers.
@item assembly
The assembly window shows the disassembly output of the program.
@end table
+The source and assembly windows show the current program position
+by highlighting the current line and marking them with the @samp{>} marker.
+Breakpoints are also indicated with two markers. A first one
+indicates the breakpoint type:
+
+@table @code
+@item B
+Breakpoint which was hit at least once.
+
+@item b
+Breakpoint which was never hit.
+
+@item H
+Hardware breakpoint which was hit at least once.
+
+@item h
+Hardware breakpoint which was never hit.
+
+@end table
+
+The second marker indicates whether the breakpoint is enabled or not:
+
+@table @code
+@item +
+Breakpoint is enabled.
+
+@item -
+Breakpoint is disabled.
+
+@end table
+
The source, assembly and register windows are attached to the thread
and the frame position. They are updated when the current thread
changes, when the frame changes or when the program counter changes.
@end itemize
+On top of the command window a status line gives various information
+concerning the current process begin debugged. The status line is
+updated when the information it shows changes. The following fields
+are displayed:
+
+@table @emph
+@item target
+Indicates the current gdb target
+(@pxref{Targets, ,Specifying a Debugging Target}).
+
+@item process
+Gives information about the current process or thread number.
+When no process is being debugged, this field is set to @code{No process}.
+
+@item function
+Gives the current function name for the selected frame.
+The name is demangled if demangling is turned on (@pxref{Print Settings}).
+When there is no symbol corresponding to the current program counter
+the string @code{??} is displayed.
+
+@item line
+Indicates the current line number for the selected frame.
+When the current line number is not known the string @code{??} is displayed.
+
+@item pc
+Indicates the current program counter address.
+
+@end table
+
@node TUI Keys
@section TUI Key Bindings
@cindex TUI key bindings
The TUI installs several key bindings in the readline keymaps
(@pxref{Command Line Editing}).
They allow to leave or enter in the TUI mode or they operate
-directly on the TUI layout and windows. The following key bindings
+directly on the TUI layout and windows. The TUI also provides
+a @emph{SingleKey} keymap which binds several keys directly to
+@value{GDBN} commands. The following key bindings
are installed for both TUI mode and the @value{GDBN} standard mode.
@table @kbd
Think of it as the Emacs @kbd{C-x 2} binding.
+@kindex C-x s
+@item C-x s
+Use the TUI @emph{SingleKey} keymap that binds single key to gdb commands
+(@pxref{TUI Single Key Mode}).
+
@end table
The following key bindings are handled only by the TUI mode:
necessary to use other readline key bindings such as @key{C-p}, @key{C-n},
@key{C-b} and @key{C-f}.
+@node TUI Single Key Mode
+@section TUI Single Key Mode
+@cindex TUI single key mode
+
+The TUI provides a @emph{SingleKey} mode in which it installs a particular
+key binding in the readline keymaps to connect single keys to
+some gdb commands.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex c @r{(SingleKey TUI key)}
+@item c
+continue
+
+@kindex d @r{(SingleKey TUI key)}
+@item d
+down
+
+@kindex f @r{(SingleKey TUI key)}
+@item f
+finish
+
+@kindex n @r{(SingleKey TUI key)}
+@item n
+next
+
+@kindex q @r{(SingleKey TUI key)}
+@item q
+exit the @emph{SingleKey} mode.
+
+@kindex r @r{(SingleKey TUI key)}
+@item r
+run
+
+@kindex s @r{(SingleKey TUI key)}
+@item s
+step
+
+@kindex u @r{(SingleKey TUI key)}
+@item u
+up
+
+@kindex v @r{(SingleKey TUI key)}
+@item v
+info locals
+
+@kindex w @r{(SingleKey TUI key)}
+@item w
+where
+
+@end table
+
+Other keys temporarily switch to the @value{GDBN} command prompt.
+The key that was pressed is inserted in the editing buffer so that
+it is possible to type most @value{GDBN} commands without interaction
+with the TUI @emph{SingleKey} mode. Once the command is entered the TUI
+@emph{SingleKey} mode is restored. The only way to permanently leave
+this mode is by hitting @key{q} or @samp{@key{C-x} @key{s}}.
+
+
@node TUI Commands
@section TUI specific commands
@cindex TUI commands
in the TUI mode.
@table @code
+@item info win
+@kindex info win
+List and give the size of all displayed windows.
+
@item layout next
@kindex layout next
Display the next layout.
@appendix Installing @value{GDBN}
@cindex configuring @value{GDBN}
@cindex installation
+@cindex configuring @value{GDBN}, and source tree subdirectories
@value{GDBN} comes with a @code{configure} script that automates the process
of preparing @value{GDBN} for installation; you can then use @code{make} to
creates configuration files for every directory level underneath (unless
you tell it not to, with the @samp{--norecursion} option).
-You can run the @code{configure} script from any of the
-subordinate directories in the @value{GDBN} distribution if you only want to
-configure that subdirectory, but be sure to specify a path to it.
-
-For example, with version @value{GDBVN}, type the following to configure only
-the @code{bfd} subdirectory:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-cd gdb-@value{GDBVN}/bfd
-../configure @var{host}
-@end group
-@end smallexample
+You should run the @code{configure} script from the top directory in the
+source tree, the @file{gdb-@var{version-number}} directory. If you run
+@code{configure} from one of the subdirectories, you will configure only
+that subdirectory. That is usually not what you want. In particular,
+if you run the first @code{configure} from the @file{gdb} subdirectory
+of the @file{gdb-@var{version-number}} directory, you will omit the
+configuration of @file{bfd}, @file{readline}, and other sibling
+directories of the @file{gdb} subdirectory. This leads to build errors
+about missing include files such as @file{bfd/bfd.h}.
You can install @code{@value{GDBP}} anywhere; it has no hardwired paths.
However, you should make sure that the shell on your path (named by
directory @file{gdb-sun4/libiberty}, and @value{GDBN} itself in
@file{gdb-sun4/gdb}.
+Make sure that your path to the @file{configure} script has just one
+instance of @file{gdb} in it. If your path to @file{configure} looks
+like @file{../gdb-@value{GDBVN}/gdb/configure}, you are configuring only
+one subdirectory of @value{GDBN}, not the whole package. This leads to
+build errors about missing include files such as @file{bfd/bfd.h}.
+
One popular reason to build several @value{GDBN} configurations in separate
directories is to configure @value{GDBN} for cross-compiling (where
@value{GDBN} runs on one machine---the @dfn{host}---while debugging
@end table
+@kindex maint internal-error
+@kindex maint internal-warning
+@item maint internal-error
+@itemx maint internal-warning
+Cause @value{GDBN} to call the internal function @code{internal_error}
+or @code{internal_warning} and hence behave as though an internal error
+or internal warning has been detected. In addition to reporting the
+internal problem, these functions give the user the opportunity to
+either quit @value{GDBN} or create a core file of the current
+@value{GDBN} session.
+
+@smallexample
+(gdb) @kbd{maint internal-error testing, 1, 2}
+@dots{}/maint.c:121: internal-error: testing, 1, 2
+A problem internal to GDB has been detected. Further
+debugging may prove unreliable.
+Quit this debugging session? (y or n) @kbd{n}
+Create a core file? (y or n) @kbd{n}
+(gdb)
+@end smallexample
+
+Takes an optional parameter that is used as the text of the error or
+warning message.
+
+@kindex maint print registers
+@kindex maint print raw-registers
+@kindex maint print cooked-registers
+@kindex maint print register-groups
+@item maint print registers
+@itemx maint print raw-registers
+@itemx maint print cooked-registers
+@itemx maint print register-groups
+Print @value{GDBN}'s internal register data structures.
+
+The command @code{maint print raw-registers} includes the contents of
+the raw register cache; the command @code{maint print cooked-registers}
+includes the (cooked) value of all registers; and the command
+@code{maint print register-groups} includes the groups that each
+register is a member of. @xref{Registers,, Registers, gdbint,
+@value{GDBN} Internals}.
+
+Takes an optional file parameter.
+
+@kindex maint print reggroups
+@item maint print reggroups
+Print @value{GDBN}'s internal register group data structures.
+
+Takes an optional file parameter.
+
+@smallexample
+(gdb) @kbd{maint print reggroups}
+ Group Type
+ general user
+ float user
+ all user
+ vector user
+ system user
+ save internal
+ restore internal
+@end smallexample
+
+@kindex maint set profile
+@kindex maint show profile
+@cindex profiling GDB
+@item maint set profile
+@itemx maint show profile
+Control profiling of @value{GDBN}.
+
+Profiling will be disabled until you use the @samp{maint set profile}
+command to enable it. When you enable profiling, the system will begin
+collecting timing and execution count data; when you disable profiling or
+exit @value{GDBN}, the results will be written to a log file. Remember that
+if you use profiling, @value{GDBN} will overwrite the profiling log file
+(often called @file{gmon.out}). If you have a record of important profiling
+data in a @file{gmon.out} file, be sure to move it to a safe location.
+
+Configuring with @samp{--enable-profiling} arranges for @value{GDBN} to be
+compiled with the @samp{-pg} compiler option.
+
@end table
@node Remote Protocol
@appendix @value{GDBN} Remote Serial Protocol
+@menu
+* Overview::
+* Packets::
+* Stop Reply Packets::
+* General Query Packets::
+* Register Packet Format::
+* Examples::
+@end menu
+
+@node Overview
+@section Overview
+
There may be occasions when you need to know something about the
protocol---for example, if there is only one serial port to your target
machine, you might want your program to do something special if it
recognizes a packet meant for @value{GDBN}.
-In the examples below, @samp{<-} and @samp{->} are used to indicate
+In the examples below, @samp{->} and @samp{<-} are used to indicate
transmitted and received data respectfully.
@cindex protocol, @value{GDBN} remote serial
retransmission):
@smallexample
-<- @code{$}@var{packet-data}@code{#}@var{checksum}
--> @code{+}
+-> @code{$}@var{packet-data}@code{#}@var{checksum}
+<- @code{+}
@end smallexample
@noindent
exceptions).
Fields within the packet should be separated using @samp{,} @samp{;} or
+@cindex remote protocol, field separator
@samp{:}. Except where otherwise noted all numbers are represented in
-HEX with leading zeros suppressed.
+@sc{hex} with leading zeros suppressed.
Implementors should note that prior to @value{GDBN} 5.0, the character
@samp{:} could not appear as the third character in a packet (as it
@samp{c}, and @samp{s} @var{command}s. All other @var{command}s are
optional.
-Below is a complete list of all currently defined @var{command}s and
-their corresponding response @var{data}:
-@page
-@multitable @columnfractions .30 .30 .40
-@item Packet
-@tab Request
-@tab Description
-
-@item extended mode
-@tab @code{!}
-@tab
+@node Packets
+@section Packets
+
+The following table provides a complete list of all currently defined
+@var{command}s and their corresponding response @var{data}.
+
+@table @r
+
+@item @code{!} --- extended mode
+@cindex @code{!} packet
+
Enable extended mode. In extended mode, the remote server is made
persistent. The @samp{R} packet is used to restart the program being
debugged.
-@item
-@tab reply @samp{OK}
-@tab
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
The remote target both supports and has enabled extended mode.
+@end table
-@item last signal
-@tab @code{?}
-@tab
-Indicate the reason the target halted. The reply is the same as for step
-and continue.
-@item
-@tab reply
-@tab see below
+@item @code{?} --- last signal
+@cindex @code{?} packet
+Indicate the reason the target halted. The reply is the same as for
+step and continue.
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{a}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reply:
+@xref{Stop Reply Packets}, for the reply specifications.
+
+@item @code{a} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{A}@var{arglen}@code{,}@var{argnum}@code{,}@var{arg}@code{,@dots{}} --- set program arguments @strong{(reserved)}
+@cindex @code{A} packet
-@item set program arguments @strong{(reserved)}
-@tab @code{A}@var{arglen}@code{,}@var{argnum}@code{,}@var{arg}@code{,...}
-@tab
-@item
-@tab
-@tab
Initialized @samp{argv[]} array passed into program. @var{arglen}
specifies the number of bytes in the hex encoded byte stream @var{arg}.
-See @file{gdbserver} for more details.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{OK}
-@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-
-@item set baud @strong{(deprecated)}
-@tab @code{b}@var{baud}
-@tab
-Change the serial line speed to @var{baud}. JTC: @emph{When does the
-transport layer state change? When it's received, or after the ACK is
-transmitted. In either case, there are problems if the command or the
-acknowledgment packet is dropped.} Stan: @emph{If people really wanted
-to add something like this, and get it working for the first time, they
-ought to modify ser-unix.c to send some kind of out-of-band message to a
-specially-setup stub and have the switch happen "in between" packets, so
-that from remote protocol's point of view, nothing actually
-happened.}
-
-@item set breakpoint @strong{(deprecated)}
-@tab @code{B}@var{addr},@var{mode}
-@tab
+See @code{gdbserver} for more details.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+@item E@var{NN}
+@end table
+
+@item @code{b}@var{baud} --- set baud @strong{(deprecated)}
+@cindex @code{b} packet
+
+Change the serial line speed to @var{baud}.
+
+JTC: @emph{When does the transport layer state change? When it's
+received, or after the ACK is transmitted. In either case, there are
+problems if the command or the acknowledgment packet is dropped.}
+
+Stan: @emph{If people really wanted to add something like this, and get
+it working for the first time, they ought to modify ser-unix.c to send
+some kind of out-of-band message to a specially-setup stub and have the
+switch happen "in between" packets, so that from remote protocol's point
+of view, nothing actually happened.}
+
+@item @code{B}@var{addr},@var{mode} --- set breakpoint @strong{(deprecated)}
+@cindex @code{B} packet
+
Set (@var{mode} is @samp{S}) or clear (@var{mode} is @samp{C}) a
-breakpoint at @var{addr}. @emph{This has been replaced by the @samp{Z} and
-@samp{z} packets.}
+breakpoint at @var{addr}.
+
+This packet has been replaced by the @samp{Z} and @samp{z} packets
+(@pxref{insert breakpoint or watchpoint packet}).
+
+@item @code{c}@var{addr} --- continue
+@cindex @code{c} packet
-@item continue
-@tab @code{c}@var{addr}
-@tab
-@var{addr} is address to resume. If @var{addr} is omitted, resume at
+@var{addr} is address to resume. If @var{addr} is omitted, resume at
current address.
-@item
-@tab reply
-@tab see below
-@item continue with signal
-@tab @code{C}@var{sig}@code{;}@var{addr}
-@tab
+Reply:
+@xref{Stop Reply Packets}, for the reply specifications.
+
+@item @code{C}@var{sig}@code{;}@var{addr} --- continue with signal
+@cindex @code{C} packet
+
Continue with signal @var{sig} (hex signal number). If
@code{;}@var{addr} is omitted, resume at same address.
-@item
-@tab reply
-@tab see below
-@item toggle debug @strong{(deprecated)}
-@tab @code{d}
-@tab
-toggle debug flag.
+Reply:
+@xref{Stop Reply Packets}, for the reply specifications.
-@item detach
-@tab @code{D}
-@tab
-Detach @value{GDBN} from the remote system. Sent to the remote target before
-@value{GDBN} disconnects.
-@item
-@tab reply @emph{no response}
-@tab
+@item @code{d} --- toggle debug @strong{(deprecated)}
+@cindex @code{d} packet
+
+Toggle debug flag.
+
+@item @code{D} --- detach
+@cindex @code{D} packet
+
+Detach @value{GDBN} from the remote system. Sent to the remote target
+before @value{GDBN} disconnects.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @emph{no response}
@value{GDBN} does not check for any response after sending this packet.
+@end table
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{e}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@item @code{e} --- reserved
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{E}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reserved for future use.
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{f}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@item @code{E} --- reserved
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{F}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reserved for future use.
-@item read registers
-@tab @code{g}
-@tab Read general registers.
-@item
-@tab reply @var{XX...}
-@tab
+@item @code{f} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{F} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{g} --- read registers
+@anchor{read registers packet}
+@cindex @code{g} packet
+
+Read general registers.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @var{XX@dots{}}
Each byte of register data is described by two hex digits. The bytes
with the register are transmitted in target byte order. The size of
each register and their position within the @samp{g} @var{packet} are
-determined by the @value{GDBN} internal macros @var{REGISTER_RAW_SIZE} and
-@var{REGISTER_NAME} macros. The specification of several standard
+determined by the @value{GDBN} internal macros @var{REGISTER_RAW_SIZE}
+and @var{REGISTER_NAME} macros. The specification of several standard
@code{g} packets is specified below.
-@item
-@tab @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab for an error.
+@item E@var{NN}
+for an error.
+@end table
-@item write regs
-@tab @code{G}@var{XX...}
-@tab
-See @samp{g} for a description of the @var{XX...} data.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{OK}
-@tab for success
-@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab for an error
+@item @code{G}@var{XX@dots{}} --- write regs
+@cindex @code{G} packet
+
+@xref{read registers packet}, for a description of the @var{XX@dots{}}
+data.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+for success
+@item E@var{NN}
+for an error
+@end table
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{h}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@item @code{h} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{H}@var{c}@var{t@dots{}} --- set thread
+@cindex @code{H} packet
-@item set thread
-@tab @code{H}@var{c}@var{t...}
-@tab
Set thread for subsequent operations (@samp{m}, @samp{M}, @samp{g},
-@samp{G}, et.al.). @var{c} = @samp{c} for thread used in step and
-continue; @var{t...} can be -1 for all threads. @var{c} = @samp{g} for
-thread used in other operations. If zero, pick a thread, any thread.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{OK}
-@tab for success
-@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab for an error
+@samp{G}, et.al.). @var{c} depends on the operation to be performed: it
+should be @samp{c} for step and continue operations, @samp{g} for other
+operations. The thread designator @var{t@dots{}} may be -1, meaning all
+the threads, a thread number, or zero which means pick any thread.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+for success
+@item E@var{NN}
+for an error
+@end table
@c FIXME: JTC:
@c 'H': How restrictive (or permissive) is the thread model. If a
@c selected, sets the registers of the register block of
@c that thread; otherwise sets current registers.
-@item cycle step @strong{(draft)}
-@tab @code{i}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{nnn}
-@tab
+@item @code{i}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{nnn} --- cycle step @strong{(draft)}
+@anchor{cycle step packet}
+@cindex @code{i} packet
+
Step the remote target by a single clock cycle. If @code{,}@var{nnn} is
present, cycle step @var{nnn} cycles. If @var{addr} is present, cycle
step starting at that address.
-@item signal then cycle step @strong{(reserved)}
-@tab @code{I}
-@tab
-See @samp{i} and @samp{S} for likely syntax and semantics.
+@item @code{I} --- signal then cycle step @strong{(reserved)}
+@cindex @code{I} packet
+
+@xref{step with signal packet}. @xref{cycle step packet}.
+
+@item @code{j} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{j}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@item @code{J} --- reserved
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{J}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{k} --- kill request
+@cindex @code{k} packet
-@item kill request
-@tab @code{k}
-@tab
FIXME: @emph{There is no description of how to operate when a specific
-thread context has been selected (i.e.@: does 'k' kill only that thread?)}.
+thread context has been selected (i.e.@: does 'k' kill only that
+thread?)}.
+
+@item @code{K} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{l}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@item @code{l} --- reserved
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{L}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{L} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{m}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- read memory
+@cindex @code{m} packet
-@item read memory
-@tab @code{m}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length}
-@tab
Read @var{length} bytes of memory starting at address @var{addr}.
-Neither @value{GDBN} nor the stub assume that sized memory transfers are assumed
-using word alligned accesses. FIXME: @emph{A word aligned memory
+Neither @value{GDBN} nor the stub assume that sized memory transfers are
+assumed using word aligned accesses. FIXME: @emph{A word aligned memory
transfer mechanism is needed.}
-@item
-@tab reply @var{XX...}
-@tab
-@var{XX...} is mem contents. Can be fewer bytes than requested if able
-to read only part of the data. Neither @value{GDBN} nor the stub assume that
-sized memory transfers are assumed using word alligned accesses. FIXME:
-@emph{A word aligned memory transfer mechanism is needed.}
-@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab @var{NN} is errno
-@item write mem
-@tab @code{M}@var{addr},@var{length}@code{:}@var{XX...}
-@tab
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @var{XX@dots{}}
+@var{XX@dots{}} is mem contents. Can be fewer bytes than requested if able
+to read only part of the data. Neither @value{GDBN} nor the stub assume
+that sized memory transfers are assumed using word aligned
+accesses. FIXME: @emph{A word aligned memory transfer mechanism is
+needed.}
+@item E@var{NN}
+@var{NN} is errno
+@end table
+
+@item @code{M}@var{addr},@var{length}@code{:}@var{XX@dots{}} --- write mem
+@cindex @code{M} packet
+
Write @var{length} bytes of memory starting at address @var{addr}.
-@var{XX...} is the data.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{OK}
-@tab for success
-@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab
+@var{XX@dots{}} is the data.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+for success
+@item E@var{NN}
for an error (this includes the case where only part of the data was
written).
+@end table
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{n}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@item @code{n} --- reserved
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{N}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reserved for future use.
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{o}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@item @code{N} --- reserved
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{O}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reserved for future use.
-@item read reg @strong{(reserved)}
-@tab @code{p}@var{n...}
-@tab
-See write register.
-@item
-@tab return @var{r....}
-@tab The hex encoded value of the register in target byte order.
+@item @code{o} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{O} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{p}@var{n@dots{}} --- read reg @strong{(reserved)}
+@cindex @code{p} packet
+
+@xref{write register packet}.
-@item write reg
-@tab @code{P}@var{n...}@code{=}@var{r...}
-@tab
-Write register @var{n...} with value @var{r...}, which contains two hex
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @var{r@dots{}.}
+The hex encoded value of the register in target byte order.
+@end table
+
+@item @code{P}@var{n@dots{}}@code{=}@var{r@dots{}} --- write register
+@anchor{write register packet}
+@cindex @code{P} packet
+
+Write register @var{n@dots{}} with value @var{r@dots{}}, which contains two hex
digits for each byte in the register (target byte order).
-@item
-@tab reply @code{OK}
-@tab for success
-@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab for an error
-@item general query
-@tab @code{q}@var{query}
-@tab
-Request info about @var{query}. In general @value{GDBN} queries
-have a leading upper case letter. Custom vendor queries should use a
-company prefix (in lower case) ex: @samp{qfsf.var}. @var{query} may
-optionally be followed by a @samp{,} or @samp{;} separated list. Stubs
-must ensure that they match the full @var{query} name.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{XX...}
-@tab Hex encoded data from query. The reply can not be empty.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab error reply
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+for success
+@item E@var{NN}
+for an error
+@end table
+
+@item @code{q}@var{query} --- general query
+@anchor{general query packet}
+@cindex @code{q} packet
+
+Request info about @var{query}. In general @value{GDBN} queries have a
+leading upper case letter. Custom vendor queries should use a company
+prefix (in lower case) ex: @samp{qfsf.var}. @var{query} may optionally
+be followed by a @samp{,} or @samp{;} separated list. Stubs must ensure
+that they match the full @var{query} name.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @var{XX@dots{}}
+Hex encoded data from query. The reply can not be empty.
+@item E@var{NN}
+error reply
@item
-@tab reply @samp{}
-@tab Indicating an unrecognized @var{query}.
+Indicating an unrecognized @var{query}.
+@end table
-@item general set
-@tab @code{Q}@var{var}@code{=}@var{val}
-@tab
-Set value of @var{var} to @var{val}. See @samp{q} for a discussing of
-naming conventions.
+@item @code{Q}@var{var}@code{=}@var{val} --- general set
+@cindex @code{Q} packet
+
+Set value of @var{var} to @var{val}.
+
+@xref{general query packet}, for a discussion of naming conventions.
+
+@item @code{r} --- reset @strong{(deprecated)}
+@cindex @code{r} packet
-@item reset @strong{(deprecated)}
-@tab @code{r}
-@tab
Reset the entire system.
-@item remote restart
-@tab @code{R}@var{XX}
-@tab
+@item @code{R}@var{XX} --- remote restart
+@cindex @code{R} packet
+
Restart the program being debugged. @var{XX}, while needed, is ignored.
This packet is only available in extended mode.
-@item
-@tab
-no reply
-@tab
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @emph{no reply}
The @samp{R} packet has no reply.
+@end table
+
+@item @code{s}@var{addr} --- step
+@cindex @code{s} packet
-@item step
-@tab @code{s}@var{addr}
-@tab
@var{addr} is address to resume. If @var{addr} is omitted, resume at
same address.
-@item
-@tab reply
-@tab see below
-@item step with signal
-@tab @code{S}@var{sig}@code{;}@var{addr}
-@tab
+Reply:
+@xref{Stop Reply Packets}, for the reply specifications.
+
+@item @code{S}@var{sig}@code{;}@var{addr} --- step with signal
+@anchor{step with signal packet}
+@cindex @code{S} packet
+
Like @samp{C} but step not continue.
-@item
-@tab reply
-@tab see below
-@item search
-@tab @code{t}@var{addr}@code{:}@var{PP}@code{,}@var{MM}
-@tab
+Reply:
+@xref{Stop Reply Packets}, for the reply specifications.
+
+@item @code{t}@var{addr}@code{:}@var{PP}@code{,}@var{MM} --- search
+@cindex @code{t} packet
+
Search backwards starting at address @var{addr} for a match with pattern
-@var{PP} and mask @var{MM}. @var{PP} and @var{MM} are 4
-bytes. @var{addr} must be at least 3 digits.
+@var{PP} and mask @var{MM}. @var{PP} and @var{MM} are 4 bytes.
+@var{addr} must be at least 3 digits.
-@item thread alive
-@tab @code{T}@var{XX}
-@tab Find out if the thread XX is alive.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{OK}
-@tab thread is still alive
-@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab thread is dead
+@item @code{T}@var{XX} --- thread alive
+@cindex @code{T} packet
+
+Find out if the thread XX is alive.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+thread is still alive
+@item E@var{NN}
+thread is dead
+@end table
+
+@item @code{u} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{U} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{v} --- reserved
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{u}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reserved for future use.
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{U}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@item @code{V} --- reserved
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{v}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reserved for future use.
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{V}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@item @code{w} --- reserved
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{w}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reserved for future use.
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{W}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@item @code{W} --- reserved
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{x}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reserved for future use.
-@item write mem (binary)
-@tab @code{X}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length}@var{:}@var{XX...}
-@tab
-@var{addr} is address, @var{length} is number of bytes, @var{XX...} is
-binary data. The characters @code{$}, @code{#}, and @code{0x7d} are
+@item @code{x} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{X}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length}@var{:}@var{XX@dots{}} --- write mem (binary)
+@cindex @code{X} packet
+
+@var{addr} is address, @var{length} is number of bytes, @var{XX@dots{}}
+is binary data. The characters @code{$}, @code{#}, and @code{0x7d} are
escaped using @code{0x7d}.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+for success
+@item E@var{NN}
+for an error
+@end table
+
+@item @code{y} --- reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{Y} reserved
+
+Reserved for future use.
+
+@item @code{z}@var{type}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- remove breakpoint or watchpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@itemx @code{Z}@var{type}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- insert breakpoint or watchpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@anchor{insert breakpoint or watchpoint packet}
+@cindex @code{z} packet
+@cindex @code{Z} packets
+
+Insert (@code{Z}) or remove (@code{z}) a @var{type} breakpoint or
+watchpoint starting at address @var{address} and covering the next
+@var{length} bytes.
+
+Each breakpoint and watchpoint packet @var{type} is documented
+separately.
+
+@emph{Implementation notes: A remote target shall return an empty string
+for an unrecognized breakpoint or watchpoint packet @var{type}. A
+remote target shall support either both or neither of a given
+@code{Z}@var{type}@dots{} and @code{z}@var{type}@dots{} packet pair. To
+avoid potential problems with duplicate packets, the operations should
+be implemented in an idempotent way.}
+
+@item @code{z}@code{0}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- remove memory breakpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@item @code{Z}@code{0}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- insert memory breakpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@cindex @code{z0} packet
+@cindex @code{Z0} packet
+
+Insert (@code{Z0}) or remove (@code{z0}) a memory breakpoint at address
+@code{addr} of size @code{length}.
+
+A memory breakpoint is implemented by replacing the instruction at
+@var{addr} with a software breakpoint or trap instruction. The
+@code{length} is used by targets that indicates the size of the
+breakpoint (in bytes) that should be inserted (e.g., the @sc{arm} and
+@sc{mips} can insert either a 2 or 4 byte breakpoint).
+
+@emph{Implementation note: It is possible for a target to copy or move
+code that contains memory breakpoints (e.g., when implementing
+overlays). The behavior of this packet, in the presence of such a
+target, is not defined.}
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+success
@item
-@tab reply @code{OK}
-@tab for success
-@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab for an error
+not supported
+@item E@var{NN}
+for an error
+@end table
+
+@item @code{z}@code{1}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- remove hardware breakpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@item @code{Z}@code{1}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- insert hardware breakpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@cindex @code{z1} packet
+@cindex @code{Z1} packet
+
+Insert (@code{Z1}) or remove (@code{z1}) a hardware breakpoint at
+address @code{addr} of size @code{length}.
+
+A hardware breakpoint is implemented using a mechanism that is not
+dependant on being able to modify the target's memory.
+
+@emph{Implementation note: A hardware breakpoint is not affected by code
+movement.}
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{y}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+success
+@item
+not supported
+@item E@var{NN}
+for an error
+@end table
-@item reserved
-@tab @code{Y}
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@item @code{z}@code{2}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- remove write watchpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@item @code{Z}@code{2}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- insert write watchpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@cindex @code{z2} packet
+@cindex @code{Z2} packet
-@item remove break or watchpoint @strong{(draft)}
-@tab @code{z}@var{t}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length}
-@tab
-See @samp{Z}.
+Insert (@code{Z2}) or remove (@code{z2}) a write watchpoint.
-@item insert break or watchpoint @strong{(draft)}
-@tab @code{Z}@var{t}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length}
-@tab
-@var{t} is type: @samp{0} - software breakpoint, @samp{1} - hardware
-breakpoint, @samp{2} - write watchpoint, @samp{3} - read watchpoint,
-@samp{4} - access watchpoint; @var{addr} is address; @var{length} is in
-bytes. For a software breakpoint, @var{length} specifies the size of
-the instruction to be patched. For hardware breakpoints and watchpoints
-@var{length} specifies the memory region to be monitored. To avoid
-potential problems with duplicate packets, the operations should be
-implemented in an idempotent way.
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+success
@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab for an error
+not supported
+@item E@var{NN}
+for an error
+@end table
+
+@item @code{z}@code{3}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- remove read watchpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@item @code{Z}@code{3}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- insert read watchpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@cindex @code{z3} packet
+@cindex @code{Z3} packet
+
+Insert (@code{Z3}) or remove (@code{z3}) a read watchpoint.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+success
@item
-@tab reply @code{OK}
-@tab for success
+not supported
+@item E@var{NN}
+for an error
+@end table
+
+@item @code{z}@code{4}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- remove access watchpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@item @code{Z}@code{4}@code{,}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- insert access watchpoint @strong{(draft)}
+@cindex @code{z4} packet
+@cindex @code{Z4} packet
+
+Insert (@code{Z4}) or remove (@code{z4}) an access watchpoint.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
+success
@item
-@tab @samp{}
-@tab If not supported.
+not supported
+@item E@var{NN}
+for an error
+@end table
-@item reserved
-@tab <other>
-@tab Reserved for future use
+@end table
-@end multitable
+@node Stop Reply Packets
+@section Stop Reply Packets
+@cindex stop reply packets
The @samp{C}, @samp{c}, @samp{S}, @samp{s} and @samp{?} packets can
receive any of the below as a reply. In the case of the @samp{C},
number} is poorly defined. In general one of the UNIX signal numbering
conventions is used.
-@multitable @columnfractions .4 .6
+@table @samp
-@item @code{S}@var{AA}
-@tab @var{AA} is the signal number
+@item S@var{AA}
+@var{AA} is the signal number
@item @code{T}@var{AA}@var{n...}@code{:}@var{r...}@code{;}@var{n...}@code{:}@var{r...}@code{;}@var{n...}@code{:}@var{r...}@code{;}
-@tab
+@cindex @code{T} packet reply
+
@var{AA} = two hex digit signal number; @var{n...} = register number
(hex), @var{r...} = target byte ordered register contents, size defined
by @code{REGISTER_RAW_SIZE}; @var{n...} = @samp{thread}, @var{r...} =
-thread process ID, this is a hex integer; @var{n...} = other string not
-starting with valid hex digit. @value{GDBN} should ignore this
-@var{n...}, @var{r...} pair and go on to the next. This way we can
-extend the protocol.
+thread process ID, this is a hex integer; @var{n...} = (@samp{watch} |
+@samp{rwatch} | @samp{awatch}, @var{r...} = data address, this is a hex
+integer; @var{n...} = other string not starting with valid hex digit.
+@value{GDBN} should ignore this @var{n...}, @var{r...} pair and go on
+to the next. This way we can extend the protocol.
+
+@item W@var{AA}
-@item @code{W}@var{AA}
-@tab
The process exited, and @var{AA} is the exit status. This is only
-applicable for certains sorts of targets.
+applicable to certain targets.
+
+@item X@var{AA}
-@item @code{X}@var{AA}
-@tab
The process terminated with signal @var{AA}.
-@item @code{N}@var{AA}@code{;}@var{t...}@code{;}@var{d...}@code{;}@var{b...} @strong{(obsolete)}
-@tab
-@var{AA} = signal number; @var{t...} = address of symbol "_start";
-@var{d...} = base of data section; @var{b...} = base of bss section.
-@emph{Note: only used by Cisco Systems targets. The difference between
-this reply and the "qOffsets" query is that the 'N' packet may arrive
-spontaneously whereas the 'qOffsets' is a query initiated by the host
-debugger.}
+@item N@var{AA};@var{t@dots{}};@var{d@dots{}};@var{b@dots{}} @strong{(obsolete)}
+
+@var{AA} = signal number; @var{t@dots{}} = address of symbol
+@code{_start}; @var{d@dots{}} = base of data section; @var{b@dots{}} =
+base of bss section. @emph{Note: only used by Cisco Systems targets.
+The difference between this reply and the @samp{qOffsets} query is that
+the @samp{N} packet may arrive spontaneously whereas the @samp{qOffsets}
+is a query initiated by the host debugger.}
-@item @code{O}@var{XX...}
-@tab
-@var{XX...} is hex encoding of @sc{ascii} data. This can happen at any time
-while the program is running and the debugger should continue to wait
-for 'W', 'T', etc.
+@item O@var{XX@dots{}}
+
+@var{XX@dots{}} is hex encoding of @sc{ascii} data. This can happen at
+any time while the program is running and the debugger should continue
+to wait for @samp{W}, @samp{T}, etc.
+
+@end table
-@end multitable
+@node General Query Packets
+@section General Query Packets
The following set and query packets have already been defined.
-@multitable @columnfractions .2 .2 .6
+@table @r
-@item current thread
-@tab @code{q}@code{C}
-@tab Return the current thread id.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{QC}@var{pid}
-@tab
+@item @code{q}@code{C} --- current thread
+
+Return the current thread id.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @code{QC}@var{pid}
Where @var{pid} is a HEX encoded 16 bit process id.
-@item
-@tab reply *
-@tab Any other reply implies the old pid.
+@item *
+Any other reply implies the old pid.
+@end table
+
+@item @code{q}@code{fThreadInfo} -- all thread ids
+
+@code{q}@code{sThreadInfo}
-@item all thread ids
-@tab @code{q}@code{fThreadInfo}
-@item
-@tab @code{q}@code{sThreadInfo}
-@tab
Obtain a list of active thread ids from the target (OS). Since there
may be too many active threads to fit into one reply packet, this query
works iteratively: it may require more than one query/reply sequence to
obtain the entire list of threads. The first query of the sequence will
be the @code{qf}@code{ThreadInfo} query; subsequent queries in the
sequence will be the @code{qs}@code{ThreadInfo} query.
-@item
-@tab
-@tab NOTE: replaces the @code{qL} query (see below).
-@item
-@tab reply @code{m}@var{<id>}
-@tab A single thread id
-@item
-@tab reply @code{m}@var{<id>},@var{<id>...}
-@tab a comma-separated list of thread ids
-@item
-@tab reply @code{l}
-@tab (lower case 'el') denotes end of list.
-@item
-@tab
-@tab
-In response to each query, the target will reply with a list of one
-or more thread ids, in big-endian hex, separated by commas. GDB will
-respond to each reply with a request for more thread ids (using the
+
+NOTE: replaces the @code{qL} query (see below).
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @code{m}@var{id}
+A single thread id
+@item @code{m}@var{id},@var{id}@dots{}
+a comma-separated list of thread ids
+@item @code{l}
+(lower case 'el') denotes end of list.
+@end table
+
+In response to each query, the target will reply with a list of one or
+more thread ids, in big-endian hex, separated by commas. @value{GDBN}
+will respond to each reply with a request for more thread ids (using the
@code{qs} form of the query), until the target responds with @code{l}
(lower-case el, for @code{'last'}).
-@item extra thread info
-@tab @code{q}@code{ThreadExtraInfo}@code{,}@var{id}
-@tab
-@item
-@tab
-@tab
-Where @var{<id>} is a thread-id in big-endian hex.
-Obtain a printable string description of a thread's attributes from
-the target OS. This string may contain anything that the target OS
-thinks is interesting for @value{GDBN} to tell the user about the thread.
-The string is displayed in @value{GDBN}'s @samp{info threads} display.
-Some examples of possible thread extra info strings are "Runnable", or
-"Blocked on Mutex".
-@item
-@tab reply @var{XX...}
-@tab
-Where @var{XX...} is a hex encoding of @sc{ascii} data, comprising the
-printable string containing the extra information about the thread's
+@item @code{q}@code{ThreadExtraInfo}@code{,}@var{id} --- extra thread info
+
+Where @var{id} is a thread-id in big-endian hex. Obtain a printable
+string description of a thread's attributes from the target OS. This
+string may contain anything that the target OS thinks is interesting for
+@value{GDBN} to tell the user about the thread. The string is displayed
+in @value{GDBN}'s @samp{info threads} display. Some examples of
+possible thread extra info strings are ``Runnable'', or ``Blocked on
+Mutex''.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @var{XX@dots{}}
+Where @var{XX@dots{}} is a hex encoding of @sc{ascii} data, comprising
+the printable string containing the extra information about the thread's
attributes.
+@end table
+
+@item @code{q}@code{L}@var{startflag}@var{threadcount}@var{nextthread} --- query @var{LIST} or @var{threadLIST} @strong{(deprecated)}
-@item query @var{LIST} or @var{threadLIST} @strong{(deprecated)}
-@tab @code{q}@code{L}@var{startflag}@var{threadcount}@var{nextthread}
-@tab
-@item
-@tab
-@tab
Obtain thread information from RTOS. Where: @var{startflag} (one hex
digit) is one to indicate the first query and zero to indicate a
subsequent query; @var{threadcount} (two hex digits) is the maximum
number of threads the response packet can contain; and @var{nextthread}
(eight hex digits), for subsequent queries (@var{startflag} is zero), is
returned in the response as @var{argthread}.
-@item
-@tab
-@tab NOTE: this query is replaced by the @code{q}@code{fThreadInfo}
-query (see above).
-@item
-@tab reply @code{q}@code{M}@var{count}@var{done}@var{argthread}@var{thread...}
-@tab
-@item
-@tab
-@tab
+
+NOTE: this query is replaced by the @code{q}@code{fThreadInfo} query
+(see above).
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @code{q}@code{M}@var{count}@var{done}@var{argthread}@var{thread@dots{}}
Where: @var{count} (two hex digits) is the number of threads being
returned; @var{done} (one hex digit) is zero to indicate more threads
and one indicates no further threads; @var{argthreadid} (eight hex
-digits) is @var{nextthread} from the request packet; @var{thread...} is
-a sequence of thread IDs from the target. @var{threadid} (eight hex
+digits) is @var{nextthread} from the request packet; @var{thread@dots{}}
+is a sequence of thread IDs from the target. @var{threadid} (eight hex
digits). See @code{remote.c:parse_threadlist_response()}.
+@end table
-@item compute CRC of memory block
-@tab @code{q}@code{CRC:}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length}
-@tab
-@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab An error (such as memory fault)
-@item
-@tab reply @code{C}@var{CRC32}
-@tab A 32 bit cyclic redundancy check of the specified memory region.
+@item @code{q}@code{CRC:}@var{addr}@code{,}@var{length} --- compute CRC of memory block
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @code{E}@var{NN}
+An error (such as memory fault)
+@item @code{C}@var{CRC32}
+A 32 bit cyclic redundancy check of the specified memory region.
+@end table
+
+@item @code{q}@code{Offsets} --- query sect offs
-@item query sect offs
-@tab @code{q}@code{Offsets}
-@tab
Get section offsets that the target used when re-locating the downloaded
image. @emph{Note: while a @code{Bss} offset is included in the
response, @value{GDBN} ignores this and instead applies the @code{Data}
offset to the @code{Bss} section.}
-@item
-@tab reply @code{Text=}@var{xxx}@code{;Data=}@var{yyy}@code{;Bss=}@var{zzz}
-@item thread info request
-@tab @code{q}@code{P}@var{mode}@var{threadid}
-@tab
-@item
-@tab
-@tab
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @code{Text=}@var{xxx}@code{;Data=}@var{yyy}@code{;Bss=}@var{zzz}
+@end table
+
+@item @code{q}@code{P}@var{mode}@var{threadid} --- thread info request
+
Returns information on @var{threadid}. Where: @var{mode} is a hex
encoded 32 bit mode; @var{threadid} is a hex encoded 64 bit thread ID.
-@item
-@tab reply *
-@tab
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item *
+@end table
+
See @code{remote.c:remote_unpack_thread_info_response()}.
-@item remote command
-@tab @code{q}@code{Rcmd,}@var{COMMAND}
-@tab
-@item
-@tab
-@tab
-@var{COMMAND} (hex encoded) is passed to the local interpreter for
+@item @code{q}@code{Rcmd,}@var{command} --- remote command
+
+@var{command} (hex encoded) is passed to the local interpreter for
execution. Invalid commands should be reported using the output string.
Before the final result packet, the target may also respond with a
-number of intermediate @code{O}@var{OUTPUT} console output
-packets. @emph{Implementors should note that providing access to a
-stubs's interpreter may have security implications}.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{OK}
-@tab
+number of intermediate @code{O}@var{output} console output packets.
+@emph{Implementors should note that providing access to a stubs's
+interpreter may have security implications}.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item OK
A command response with no output.
-@item
-@tab reply @var{OUTPUT}
-@tab
+@item @var{OUTPUT}
A command response with the hex encoded output string @var{OUTPUT}.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{E}@var{NN}
-@tab
+@item @code{E}@var{NN}
Indicate a badly formed request.
-
-@item
-@tab reply @samp{}
-@tab
+@item @samp{}
When @samp{q}@samp{Rcmd} is not recognized.
+@end table
+
+@item @code{qSymbol::} --- symbol lookup
-@item symbol lookup
-@tab @code{qSymbol::}
-@tab
Notify the target that @value{GDBN} is prepared to serve symbol lookup
requests. Accept requests from the target for the values of symbols.
-@item
-@tab
-@tab
-@item
-@tab reply @code{OK}
-@tab
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @code{OK}
The target does not need to look up any (more) symbols.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{qSymbol:}@var{sym_name}
-@tab
-@sp 2
-@noindent
-The target requests the value of symbol @var{sym_name} (hex encoded).
-@value{GDBN} may provide the value by using the
-@code{qSymbol:}@var{sym_value}:@var{sym_name}
-message, described below.
-
-@item symbol value
-@tab @code{qSymbol:}@var{sym_value}:@var{sym_name}
-@tab
-@sp 1
-@noindent
-Set the value of SYM_NAME to SYM_VALUE.
-@item
-@tab
-@tab
-@var{sym_name} (hex encoded) is the name of a symbol whose value
-the target has previously requested.
-@item
-@tab
-@tab
-@var{sym_value} (hex) is the value for symbol @var{sym_name}.
-If @value{GDBN} cannot supply a value for @var{sym_name}, then this
-field will be empty.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{OK}
-@tab
+@item @code{qSymbol:}@var{sym_name}
+The target requests the value of symbol @var{sym_name} (hex encoded).
+@value{GDBN} may provide the value by using the
+@code{qSymbol:}@var{sym_value}:@var{sym_name} message, described below.
+@end table
+
+@item @code{qSymbol:}@var{sym_value}:@var{sym_name} --- symbol value
+
+Set the value of @var{sym_name} to @var{sym_value}.
+
+@var{sym_name} (hex encoded) is the name of a symbol whose value the
+target has previously requested.
+
+@var{sym_value} (hex) is the value for symbol @var{sym_name}. If
+@value{GDBN} cannot supply a value for @var{sym_name}, then this field
+will be empty.
+
+Reply:
+@table @samp
+@item @code{OK}
The target does not need to look up any (more) symbols.
-@item
-@tab reply @code{qSymbol:}@var{sym_name}
-@tab
-@sp 2
-@noindent
-The target requests the value of a new symbol @var{sym_name} (hex encoded).
-@value{GDBN} will continue to supply the values of symbols (if available),
-until the target ceases to request them.
+@item @code{qSymbol:}@var{sym_name}
+The target requests the value of a new symbol @var{sym_name} (hex
+encoded). @value{GDBN} will continue to supply the values of symbols
+(if available), until the target ceases to request them.
+@end table
+
+@end table
-@end multitable
+@node Register Packet Format
+@section Register Packet Format
The following @samp{g}/@samp{G} packets have previously been defined.
-In the below, some thirty-two bit registers are transferred as sixty-four
-bits. Those registers should be zero/sign extended (which?) to fill the
-space allocated. Register bytes are transfered in target byte order.
-The two nibbles within a register byte are transfered most-significant -
-least-significant.
+In the below, some thirty-two bit registers are transferred as
+sixty-four bits. Those registers should be zero/sign extended (which?)
+to fill the space allocated. Register bytes are transfered in target
+byte order. The two nibbles within a register byte are transfered
+most-significant - least-significant.
-@multitable @columnfractions .5 .5
+@table @r
@item MIPS32
-@tab
+
All registers are transfered as thirty-two bit quantities in the order:
32 general-purpose; sr; lo; hi; bad; cause; pc; 32 floating-point
registers; fsr; fir; fp.
@item MIPS64
-@tab
+
All registers are transfered as sixty-four bit quantities (including
thirty-two bit registers such as @code{sr}). The ordering is the same
as @code{MIPS32}.
-@end multitable
+@end table
+
+@node Examples
+@section Examples
Example sequence of a target being re-started. Notice how the restart
does not get any direct output:
@smallexample
-<- @code{R00}
--> @code{+}
+-> @code{R00}
+<- @code{+}
@emph{target restarts}
-<- @code{?}
--> @code{+}
--> @code{T001:1234123412341234}
+-> @code{?}
<- @code{+}
+<- @code{T001:1234123412341234}
+-> @code{+}
@end smallexample
Example sequence of a target being stepped by a single instruction:
@smallexample
-<- @code{G1445...}
--> @code{+}
-<- @code{s}
--> @code{+}
-@emph{time passes}
--> @code{T001:1234123412341234}
+-> @code{G1445@dots{}}
<- @code{+}
-<- @code{g}
+-> @code{s}
+<- @code{+}
+@emph{time passes}
+<- @code{T001:1234123412341234}
-> @code{+}
--> @code{1455...}
+-> @code{g}
<- @code{+}
+<- @code{1455@dots{}}
+-> @code{+}
@end smallexample
@include gpl.texi
projects / deliverable / binutils-gdb.git / blobdiff