\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998,
-@c 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
+@c 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,
+@c 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c
@c %**start of header
@c makeinfo ignores cmds prev to setfilename, so its arg cannot make use
* GDB Bugs:: Reporting bugs in @value{GDBN}
+@ifset SYSTEM_READLINE
+* Command Line Editing: (rluserman). Command Line Editing
+* Using History Interactively: (history). Using History Interactively
+@end ifset
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
* Command Line Editing:: Command Line Editing
* Using History Interactively:: Using History Interactively
+@end ifclear
* Formatting Documentation:: How to format and print @value{GDBN} documentation
* Installing GDB:: Installing GDB
* Maintenance Commands:: Maintenance Commands
Support for Modula-2 is partial. For information on Modula-2, see
@ref{Modula-2,,Modula-2}.
+Support for OpenCL C is partial. For information on OpenCL C, see
+@ref{OpenCL C,,OpenCL C}.
+
@cindex Pascal
Debugging Pascal programs which use sets, subranges, file variables, or
nested functions does not currently work. @value{GDBN} does not support
Run @value{GDBN} using @var{directory} as its working directory,
instead of the current directory.
+@item -data-directory @var{directory}
+@cindex @code{--data-directory}
+Run @value{GDBN} using @var{directory} as its data directory.
+The data directory is where @value{GDBN} searches for its
+auxiliary files. @xref{Data Files}.
+
@item -fullname
@itemx -f
@cindex @code{--fullname}
to the program you are debugging, in the directory where you invoke
@value{GDBN}.
+@item
+If the command line specified a program to debug, or a process to
+attach to, or a core file, @value{GDBN} loads any auto-loaded
+scripts provided for the program or for its loaded shared libraries.
+@xref{Auto-loading}.
+
+If you wish to disable the auto-loading during startup,
+you must do something like the following:
+
+@smallexample
+$ gdb -ex "set auto-load-scripts off" -ex "file myprogram"
+@end smallexample
+
+The following does not work because the auto-loading is turned off too late:
+
+@smallexample
+$ gdb -ex "set auto-load-scripts off" myprogram
+@end smallexample
+
@item
Reads command files specified by the @samp{-x} option. @xref{Command
Files}, for more details about @value{GDBN} command files.
@smallexample
(@value{GDBP}) info threads
- 3 process 35 thread 27 0x34e5 in sigpause ()
- 2 process 35 thread 23 0x34e5 in sigpause ()
-* 1 process 35 thread 13 main (argc=1, argv=0x7ffffff8)
+ Id Target Id Frame
+ 3 process 35 thread 27 0x34e5 in sigpause ()
+ 2 process 35 thread 23 0x34e5 in sigpause ()
+* 1 process 35 thread 13 main (argc=1, argv=0x7ffffff8)
at threadtest.c:68
@end smallexample
-On HP-UX systems:
-
-@cindex debugging multithreaded programs (on HP-UX)
-@cindex thread identifier (GDB), on HP-UX
-For debugging purposes, @value{GDBN} associates its own thread
-number---a small integer assigned in thread-creation order---with each
-thread in your program.
-
-@cindex @code{New} @var{systag} message, on HP-UX
-@cindex thread identifier (system), on HP-UX
-@c FIXME-implementors!! It would be more helpful if the [New...] message
-@c included GDB's numeric thread handle, so you could just go to that
-@c thread without first checking `info threads'.
-Whenever @value{GDBN} detects a new thread in your program, it displays
-both @value{GDBN}'s thread number and the target system's identification for the thread with a message in the
-form @samp{[New @var{systag}]}. @var{systag} is a thread identifier
-whose form varies depending on the particular system. For example, on
-HP-UX, you see
-
-@smallexample
-[New thread 2 (system thread 26594)]
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-when @value{GDBN} notices a new thread.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info threads (HP-UX)
-@item info threads
-Display a summary of all threads currently in your
-program. @value{GDBN} displays for each thread (in this order):
-
-@enumerate
-@item the thread number assigned by @value{GDBN}
-
-@item the target system's thread identifier (@var{systag})
-
-@item the current stack frame summary for that thread
-@end enumerate
-
-@noindent
-An asterisk @samp{*} to the left of the @value{GDBN} thread number
-indicates the current thread.
-
-For example,
-@end table
-@c end table here to get a little more width for example
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) info threads
- * 3 system thread 26607 worker (wptr=0x7b09c318 "@@") \@*
- at quicksort.c:137
- 2 system thread 26606 0x7b0030d8 in __ksleep () \@*
- from /usr/lib/libc.2
- 1 system thread 27905 0x7b003498 in _brk () \@*
- from /usr/lib/libc.2
-@end smallexample
-
On Solaris, you can display more information about user threads with a
Solaris-specific command:
you selected, and its current stack frame summary:
@smallexample
-@c FIXME!! This example made up; find a @value{GDBN} w/threads and get real one
(@value{GDBP}) thread 2
-[Switching to process 35 thread 23]
-0x34e5 in sigpause ()
+[Switching to thread 2 (Thread 0xb7fdab70 (LWP 12747))]
+#0 some_function (ignore=0x0) at example.c:8
+8 printf ("hello\n");
@end smallexample
@noindent
@kindex thread apply
@cindex apply command to several threads
-@item thread apply [@var{threadno}] [@var{all}] @var{command}
+@item thread apply [@var{threadno} | all] @var{command}
The @code{thread apply} command allows you to apply the named
@var{command} to one or more threads. Specify the numbers of the
threads that you want affected with the command argument
@c RET-repeat for @code{directory} is explicitly disabled, but since
@c repeating it would be a no-op we do not say that. (thanks to RMS)
+@item set directories @var{path-list}
+@kindex set directories
+Set the source path to @var{path-list}.
+@samp{$cdir:$cwd} are added if missing.
+
@item show directories
@kindex show directories
Print the source path: show which directories it contains.
Python code. It greatly simplifies the display of complex objects. This
mechanism works for both MI and the CLI.
-For example, here is how a C@t{++} @code{std::string} looks without a
-pretty-printer:
+@menu
+* Pretty-Printer Introduction:: Introduction to pretty-printers
+* Pretty-Printer Example:: An example pretty-printer
+* Pretty-Printer Commands:: Pretty-printer commands
+@end menu
+
+@node Pretty-Printer Introduction
+@subsection Pretty-Printer Introduction
+
+When @value{GDBN} prints a value, it first sees if there is a pretty-printer
+registered for the value. If there is then @value{GDBN} invokes the
+pretty-printer to print the value. Otherwise the value is printed normally.
+
+Pretty-printers are normally named. This makes them easy to manage.
+The @samp{info pretty-printer} command will list all the installed
+pretty-printers with their names.
+If a pretty-printer can handle multiple data types, then its
+@dfn{subprinters} are the printers for the individual data types.
+Each such subprinter has its own name.
+The format of the name is @var{printer-name};@var{subprinter-name}.
+
+Pretty-printers are installed by @dfn{registering} them with @value{GDBN}.
+Typically they are automatically loaded and registered when the corresponding
+debug information is loaded, thus making them available without having to
+do anything special.
+
+There are three places where a pretty-printer can be registered.
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+Pretty-printers registered globally are available when debugging
+all inferiors.
+
+@item
+Pretty-printers registered with a program space are available only
+when debugging that program.
+@xref{Progspaces In Python}, for more details on program spaces in Python.
+
+@item
+Pretty-printers registered with an objfile are loaded and unloaded
+with the corresponding objfile (e.g., shared library).
+@xref{Objfiles In Python}, for more details on objfiles in Python.
+@end itemize
+
+@xref{Selecting Pretty-Printers}, for further information on how
+pretty-printers are selected,
+
+@xref{Writing a Pretty-Printer}, for implementing pretty printers
+for new types.
+
+@node Pretty-Printer Example
+@subsection Pretty-Printer Example
+
+Here is how a C@t{++} @code{std::string} looks without a pretty-printer:
@smallexample
(@value{GDBP}) print s
$2 = "abcd"
@end smallexample
-For implementing pretty printers for new types you should read the Python API
-details (@pxref{Pretty Printing API}).
+@node Pretty-Printer Commands
+@subsection Pretty-Printer Commands
+@cindex pretty-printer commands
+
+@table @code
+@kindex info pretty-printer
+@item info pretty-printer [@var{object-regexp} [@var{name-regexp}]]
+Print the list of installed pretty-printers.
+This includes disabled pretty-printers, which are marked as such.
+
+@var{object-regexp} is a regular expression matching the objects
+whose pretty-printers to list.
+Objects can be @code{global}, the program space's file
+(@pxref{Progspaces In Python}),
+and the object files within that program space (@pxref{Objfiles In Python}).
+@xref{Selecting Pretty-Printers}, for details on how @value{GDBN}
+looks up a printer from these three objects.
+
+@var{name-regexp} is a regular expression matching the name of the printers
+to list.
+
+@kindex disable pretty-printer
+@item disable pretty-printer [@var{object-regexp} [@var{name-regexp}]]
+Disable pretty-printers matching @var{object-regexp} and @var{name-regexp}.
+A disabled pretty-printer is not forgotten, it may be enabled again later.
+
+@kindex enable pretty-printer
+@item enable pretty-printer [@var{object-regexp} [@var{name-regexp}]]
+Enable pretty-printers matching @var{object-regexp} and @var{name-regexp}.
+@end table
+
+Example:
+
+Suppose we have three pretty-printers installed: one from library1.so
+named @code{foo} that prints objects of type @code{foo}, and
+another from library2.so named @code{bar} that prints two types of objects,
+@code{bar1} and @code{bar2}.
+
+@smallexample
+(gdb) info pretty-printer
+library1.so:
+ foo
+library2.so:
+ bar
+ bar1
+ bar2
+(gdb) info pretty-printer library2
+library2.so:
+ bar
+ bar1
+ bar2
+(gdb) disable pretty-printer library1
+1 printer disabled
+2 of 3 printers enabled
+(gdb) info pretty-printer
+library1.so:
+ foo [disabled]
+library2.so:
+ bar
+ bar1
+ bar2
+(gdb) disable pretty-printer library2 bar:bar1
+1 printer disabled
+1 of 3 printers enabled
+(gdb) info pretty-printer library2
+library1.so:
+ foo [disabled]
+library2.so:
+ bar
+ bar1 [disabled]
+ bar2
+(gdb) disable pretty-printer library2 bar
+1 printer disabled
+0 of 3 printers enabled
+(gdb) info pretty-printer library2
+library1.so:
+ foo [disabled]
+library2.so:
+ bar [disabled]
+ bar1 [disabled]
+ bar2
+@end smallexample
+
+Note that for @code{bar} the entire printer can be disabled,
+as can each individual subprinter.
@node Value History
@section Value History
@node Supported Languages
@section Supported Languages
-@value{GDBN} supports C, C@t{++}, D, Objective-C, Fortran, Java, Pascal,
+@value{GDBN} supports C, C@t{++}, D, Objective-C, Fortran, Java, OpenCL C, Pascal,
assembly, Modula-2, and Ada.
@c This is false ...
Some @value{GDBN} features may be used in expressions regardless of the
* C:: C and C@t{++}
* D:: D
* Objective-C:: Objective-C
+* OpenCL C:: OpenCL C
* Fortran:: Fortran
* Pascal:: Pascal
* Modula-2:: Modula-2
with certain Objective-C libraries that have a particular hook
function, @code{_NSPrintForDebugger}, defined.
+@node OpenCL C
+@subsection OpenCL C
+
+@cindex OpenCL C
+This section provides information about @value{GDBN}s OpenCL C support.
+
+@menu
+* OpenCL C Datatypes::
+* OpenCL C Expressions::
+* OpenCL C Operators::
+@end menu
+
+@node OpenCL C Datatypes
+@subsubsection OpenCL C Datatypes
+
+@cindex OpenCL C Datatypes
+@value{GDBN} supports the builtin scalar and vector datatypes specified
+by OpenCL 1.1. In addition the half- and double-precision floating point
+data types of the @code{cl_khr_fp16} and @code{cl_khr_fp64} OpenCL
+extensions are also known to @value{GDBN}.
+
+@node OpenCL C Expressions
+@subsubsection OpenCL C Expressions
+
+@cindex OpenCL C Expressions
+@value{GDBN} supports accesses to vector components including the access as
+lvalue where possible. Since OpenCL C is based on C99 most C expressions
+supported by @value{GDBN} can be used as well.
+
+@node OpenCL C Operators
+@subsubsection OpenCL C Operators
+
+@cindex OpenCL C Operators
+@value{GDBN} supports the operators specified by OpenCL 1.1 for scalar and
+vector data types.
+
@node Fortran
@subsection Fortran
@cindex Fortran-specific support in @value{GDBN}
and the GNU Ada compiler.
@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Currently, the debugger
-has insufficient information to determine whether certain pointers represent
-pointers to objects or the objects themselves.
-Thus, the user may have to tack an extra @code{.all} after an expression
-to get it printed properly.
-
@item
Static constants that the compiler chooses not to materialize as objects in
storage are invisible to the debugger.
automatically if the installed @value{GDBN} is moved to a new
location.
+The data directory may also be specified with the
+@code{--data-directory} command line option.
+@xref{Mode Options}.
+
@node Targets
@chapter Specifying a Debugging Target
if @var{ADDRESS|VARIABLE} == @var{CONSTANT EXPRESSION}
@end smallexample
-The DVC register will be automatically used whenever @value{GDBN} detects
-such pattern in a condition expression. This feature is available in native
-@value{GDBN} running on a Linux kernel version 2.6.34 or newer.
+The DVC register will be automatically used when @value{GDBN} detects
+such pattern in a condition expression, and the created watchpoint uses one
+debug register (either the @code{exact-watchpoints} option is on and the
+variable is scalar, or the variable has a length of one byte). This feature
+is available in native @value{GDBN} running on a Linux kernel version 2.6.34
+or newer.
+
+When running on PowerPC embedded processors, @value{GDBN} automatically uses
+ranged hardware watchpoints, unless the @code{exact-watchpoints} option is on,
+in which case watchpoints using only one debug register are created when
+watching variables of scalar types.
+
+You can create an artificial array to watch an arbitrary memory
+region using one of the following commands (@pxref{Expressions}):
+
+@smallexample
+(@value{GDBP}) watch *((char *) @var{address})@@@var{length}
+(@value{GDBP}) watch @{char[@var{length}]@} @var{address}
+@end smallexample
@value{GDBN} provides the following PowerPC-specific commands:
registers. By default, @value{GDBN} selects the calling convention
based on the selected architecture and the provided executable file.
+@item set powerpc exact-watchpoints
+@itemx show powerpc exact-watchpoints
+Allow @value{GDBN} to use only one debug register when watching a variable
+of scalar type, thus assuming that the variable is accessed through the
+address of its first byte.
+
@kindex target dink32
@item target dink32 @var{dev}
DINK32 ROM monitor.
Show whether command line editing is enabled.
@end table
-@xref{Command Line Editing}, for more details about the Readline
+@ifset SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Command Line Editing, , , rluserman, GNU Readline Library},
+@end ifset
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Command Line Editing},
+@end ifclear
+for more details about the Readline
interface. Users unfamiliar with @sc{gnu} Emacs or @code{vi} are
encouraged to read that chapter.
history facility.
@value{GDBN} uses the @sc{gnu} History library, a part of the Readline
-package, to provide the history facility. @xref{Using History
-Interactively}, for the detailed description of the History library.
+package, to provide the history facility.
+@ifset SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Using History Interactively, , , history, GNU History Library},
+@end ifset
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Using History Interactively},
+@end ifclear
+for the detailed description of the History library.
To issue a command to @value{GDBN} without affecting certain aspects of
the state which is seen by users, prefix it with @samp{server }
@end table
History expansion assigns special meaning to the character @kbd{!}.
-@xref{Event Designators}, for more details.
+@ifset SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Event Designators, , , history, GNU History Library},
+@end ifset
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Event Designators},
+@end ifclear
+for more details.
@cindex history expansion, turn on/off
Since @kbd{!} is also the logical not operator in C, history expansion
for implementing operations such as single-stepping the inferior.
@item show debug infrun
Displays the current state of @value{GDBN} inferior debugging.
+@item set debug jit
+@cindex just-in-time compilation, debugging messages
+Turns on or off debugging messages from JIT debug support.
+@item show debug jit
+Displays the current state of @value{GDBN} JIT debugging.
@item set debug lin-lwp
@cindex @sc{gnu}/Linux LWP debug messages
@cindex Linux lightweight processes
@menu
* Basic Python:: Basic Python Functions.
-* Exception Handling::
-* Values From Inferior::
+* Exception Handling:: How Python exceptions are translated.
+* Values From Inferior:: Python representation of values.
* Types In Python:: Python representation of types.
* Pretty Printing API:: Pretty-printing values.
* Selecting Pretty-Printers:: How GDB chooses a pretty-printer.
-* Disabling Pretty-Printers:: Disabling broken printers.
+* Writing a Pretty-Printer:: Writing a Pretty-Printer.
* Inferiors In Python:: Python representation of inferiors (processes)
* Threads In Python:: Accessing inferior threads from Python.
* Commands In Python:: Implementing new commands in Python.
@samp{print object} is a valid parameter name.
If the named parameter does not exist, this function throws a
-@code{RuntimeError}. Otherwise, the parameter's value is converted to
-a Python value of the appropriate type, and returned.
+@code{gdb.error} (@pxref{Exception Handling}). Otherwise, the
+parameter's value is converted to a Python value of the appropriate
+type, and returned.
@end defun
@findex gdb.history
and count backward from the last element (i.e., the most recent element) to
find the value to return. If @var{number} is zero, then @value{GDBN} will
return the most recent element. If the element specified by @var{number}
-doesn't exist in the value history, a @code{RuntimeError} exception will be
+doesn't exist in the value history, a @code{gdb.error} exception will be
raised.
If no exception is raised, the return value is always an instance of
NameError: name 'foo' is not defined
@end smallexample
-@value{GDBN} errors that happen in @value{GDBN} commands invoked by Python
-code are converted to Python @code{RuntimeError} exceptions. User
-interrupt (via @kbd{C-c} or by typing @kbd{q} at a pagination
-prompt) is translated to a Python @code{KeyboardInterrupt}
-exception. If you catch these exceptions in your Python code, your
-exception handler will see @code{RuntimeError} or
-@code{KeyboardInterrupt} as the exception type, the @value{GDBN} error
-message as its value, and the Python call stack backtrace at the
-Python statement closest to where the @value{GDBN} error occured as the
+@value{GDBN} errors that happen in @value{GDBN} commands invoked by
+Python code are converted to Python exceptions. The type of the
+Python exception depends on the error.
+
+@ftable @code
+@item gdb.error
+This is the base class for most exceptions generated by @value{GDBN}.
+It is derived from @code{RuntimeError}, for compatibility with earlier
+versions of @value{GDBN}.
+
+If an error occurring in @value{GDBN} does not fit into some more
+specific category, then the generated exception will have this type.
+
+@item gdb.MemoryError
+This is a subclass of @code{gdb.error} which is thrown when an
+operation tried to access invalid memory in the inferior.
+
+@item KeyboardInterrupt
+User interrupt (via @kbd{C-c} or by typing @kbd{q} at a pagination
+prompt) is translated to a Python @code{KeyboardInterrupt} exception.
+@end ftable
+
+In all cases, your exception handler will see the @value{GDBN} error
+message as its value and the Python call stack backtrace at the Python
+statement closest to where the @value{GDBN} error occured as the
traceback.
@findex gdb.GdbError
Return a Python @code{Tuple} object that contains two elements: the
low bound of the argument type and the high bound of that type. If
the type does not have a range, @value{GDBN} will raise a
-@code{RuntimeError} exception.
+@code{gdb.error} exception (@pxref{Exception Handling}).
@end defmethod
@defmethod Type reference
The Python list @code{gdb.pretty_printers} contains an array of
functions or callable objects that have been registered via addition
-as a pretty-printer.
+as a pretty-printer. Printers in this list are called @code{global}
+printers, they're available when debugging all inferiors.
Each @code{gdb.Progspace} contains a @code{pretty_printers} attribute.
Each @code{gdb.Objfile} also contains a @code{pretty_printers}
attribute.
-A function on one of these lists is passed a single @code{gdb.Value}
+Each function on these lists is passed a single @code{gdb.Value}
argument and should return a pretty-printer object conforming to the
interface definition above (@pxref{Pretty Printing API}). If a function
cannot create a pretty-printer for the value, it should return
@value{GDBN} first checks the @code{pretty_printers} attribute of each
@code{gdb.Objfile} in the current program space and iteratively calls
-each enabled function (@pxref{Disabling Pretty-Printers})
-in the list for that @code{gdb.Objfile} until it receives
-a pretty-printer object.
+each enabled lookup routine in the list for that @code{gdb.Objfile}
+until it receives a pretty-printer object.
If no pretty-printer is found in the objfile lists, @value{GDBN} then
searches the pretty-printer list of the current program space,
calling each enabled function until an object is returned.
and iterated over sequentially until the end of the list, or a printer
object is returned.
+For various reasons a pretty-printer may not work.
+For example, the underlying data structure may have changed and
+the pretty-printer is out of date.
+
+The consequences of a broken pretty-printer are severe enough that
+@value{GDBN} provides support for enabling and disabling individual
+printers. For example, if @code{print frame-arguments} is on,
+a backtrace can become highly illegible if any argument is printed
+with a broken printer.
+
+Pretty-printers are enabled and disabled by attaching an @code{enabled}
+attribute to the registered function or callable object. If this attribute
+is present and its value is @code{False}, the printer is disabled, otherwise
+the printer is enabled.
+
+@node Writing a Pretty-Printer
+@subsubsection Writing a Pretty-Printer
+@cindex writing a pretty-printer
+
+A pretty-printer consists of two parts: a lookup function to detect
+if the type is supported, and the printer itself.
+
Here is an example showing how a @code{std::string} printer might be
-written:
+written. @xref{Pretty Printing API}, for details on the API this class
+must provide.
@smallexample
-class StdStringPrinter:
+class StdStringPrinter(object):
"Print a std::string"
- def __init__ (self, val):
+ def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val
- def to_string (self):
+ def to_string(self):
return self.val['_M_dataplus']['_M_p']
- def display_hint (self):
+ def display_hint(self):
return 'string'
@end smallexample
example above might be written.
@smallexample
-def str_lookup_function (val):
-
+def str_lookup_function(val):
lookup_tag = val.type.tag
- regex = re.compile ("^std::basic_string<char,.*>$")
if lookup_tag == None:
return None
- if regex.match (lookup_tag):
- return StdStringPrinter (val)
-
+ regex = re.compile("^std::basic_string<char,.*>$")
+ if regex.match(lookup_tag):
+ return StdStringPrinter(val)
return None
@end smallexample
this code might appear in @code{gdb.libstdcxx.v6}:
@smallexample
-def register_printers (objfile):
- objfile.pretty_printers.add (str_lookup_function)
+def register_printers(objfile):
+ objfile.pretty_printers.add(str_lookup_function)
@end smallexample
@noindent
@smallexample
import gdb.libstdcxx.v6
-gdb.libstdcxx.v6.register_printers (gdb.current_objfile ())
+gdb.libstdcxx.v6.register_printers(gdb.current_objfile())
@end smallexample
-@node Disabling Pretty-Printers
-@subsubsection Disabling Pretty-Printers
-@cindex disabling pretty-printers
+The previous example illustrates a basic pretty-printer.
+There are a few things that can be improved on.
+The printer doesn't have a name, making it hard to identify in a
+list of installed printers. The lookup function has a name, but
+lookup functions can have arbitrary, even identical, names.
-For various reasons a pretty-printer may not work.
-For example, the underlying data structure may have changed and
-the pretty-printer is out of date.
+Second, the printer only handles one type, whereas a library typically has
+several types. One could install a lookup function for each desired type
+in the library, but one could also have a single lookup function recognize
+several types. The latter is the conventional way this is handled.
+If a pretty-printer can handle multiple data types, then its
+@dfn{subprinters} are the printers for the individual data types.
-The consequences of a broken pretty-printer are severe enough that
-@value{GDBN} provides support for enabling and disabling individual
-printers. For example, if @code{print frame-arguments} is on,
-a backtrace can become highly illegible if any argument is printed
-with a broken printer.
+The @code{gdb.printing} module provides a formal way of solving these
+problems (@pxref{gdb.printing}).
+Here is another example that handles multiple types.
-Pretty-printers are enabled and disabled by attaching an @code{enabled}
-attribute to the registered function or callable object. If this attribute
-is present and its value is @code{False}, the printer is disabled, otherwise
-the printer is enabled.
+These are the types we are going to pretty-print:
+
+@smallexample
+struct foo @{ int a, b; @};
+struct bar @{ struct foo x, y; @};
+@end smallexample
+
+Here are the printers:
+
+@smallexample
+class fooPrinter:
+ """Print a foo object."""
+
+ def __init__(self, val):
+ self.val = val
+
+ def to_string(self):
+ return ("a=<" + str(self.val["a"]) +
+ "> b=<" + str(self.val["b"]) + ">")
+
+class barPrinter:
+ """Print a bar object."""
+
+ def __init__(self, val):
+ self.val = val
+
+ def to_string(self):
+ return ("x=<" + str(self.val["x"]) +
+ "> y=<" + str(self.val["y"]) + ">")
+@end smallexample
+
+This example doesn't need a lookup function, that is handled by the
+@code{gdb.printing} module. Instead a function is provided to build up
+the object that handles the lookup.
+
+@smallexample
+import gdb.printing
+
+def build_pretty_printer():
+ pp = gdb.printing.RegexpCollectionPrettyPrinter(
+ "my_library")
+ pp.add_printer('foo', '^foo$', fooPrinter)
+ pp.add_printer('bar', '^bar$', barPrinter)
+ return pp
+@end smallexample
+
+And here is the autoload support:
+
+@smallexample
+import gdb.printing
+import my_library
+gdb.printing.register_pretty_printer(
+ gdb.current_objfile(),
+ my_library.build_pretty_printer())
+@end smallexample
+
+Finally, when this printer is loaded into @value{GDBN}, here is the
+corresponding output of @samp{info pretty-printer}:
+
+@smallexample
+(gdb) info pretty-printer
+my_library.so:
+ my_library
+ foo
+ bar
+@end smallexample
@node Inferiors In Python
@subsubsection Inferiors In Python
stack (@pxref{Frames,,Stack frames}). The @code{gdb.Frame} class
represents a frame in the stack. A @code{gdb.Frame} object is only valid
while its corresponding frame exists in the inferior's stack. If you try
-to use an invalid frame object, @value{GDBN} will throw a @code{RuntimeError}
-exception.
+to use an invalid frame object, @value{GDBN} will throw a @code{gdb.error}
+exception (@pxref{Exception Handling}).
Two @code{gdb.Frame} objects can be compared for equality with the @code{==}
operator, like:
Return the selected frame object. (@pxref{Selection,,Selecting a Frame}).
@end defun
+@findex gdb.newest_frame
+@defun newest_frame
+Return the newest frame object for the selected thread.
+@end defun
+
@defun frame_stop_reason_string reason
Return a string explaining the reason why @value{GDBN} stopped unwinding
frames, as expressed by the given @var{reason} code (an integer, see the
@end defmethod
@defmethod Frame type
-Returns the type of the frame. The value can be one of
-@code{gdb.NORMAL_FRAME}, @code{gdb.DUMMY_FRAME}, @code{gdb.SIGTRAMP_FRAME}
-or @code{gdb.SENTINEL_FRAME}.
+Returns the type of the frame. The value can be one of:
+@table @code
+@item gdb.NORMAL_FRAME
+An ordinary stack frame.
+
+@item gdb.DUMMY_FRAME
+A fake stack frame that was created by @value{GDBN} when performing an
+inferior function call.
+
+@item gdb.INLINE_FRAME
+A frame representing an inlined function. The function was inlined
+into a @code{gdb.NORMAL_FRAME} that is older than this one.
+
+@item gdb.SIGTRAMP_FRAME
+A signal trampoline frame. This is the frame created by the OS when
+it calls into a signal handler.
+
+@item gdb.ARCH_FRAME
+A fake stack frame representing a cross-architecture call.
+
+@item gdb.SENTINEL_FRAME
+This is like @code{gdb.NORMAL_FRAME}, but it is only used for the
+newest frame.
+@end table
@end defmethod
@defmethod Frame unwind_stop_reason
Python code can manipulate breakpoints via the @code{gdb.Breakpoint}
class.
-@defmethod Breakpoint __init__ spec @r{[}type@r{]} @r{[}wp_class@r{]}
+@defmethod Breakpoint __init__ spec @r{[}type@r{]} @r{[}wp_class@r{]} @r{[}internal@r{]}
Create a new breakpoint. @var{spec} is a string naming the
location of the breakpoint, or an expression that defines a
watchpoint. The contents can be any location recognized by the
command. The optional @var{type} denotes the breakpoint to create
from the types defined later in this chapter. This argument can be
either: @code{BP_BREAKPOINT} or @code{BP_WATCHPOINT}. @var{type}
-defaults to @code{BP_BREAKPOINT}. The optional @var{wp_class}
+defaults to @code{BP_BREAKPOINT}. The optional @var{internal} argument
+allows the breakpoint to become invisible to the user. The breakpoint
+will neither be reported when created, nor will it be listed in the
+output from @code{info breakpoints} (but will be listed with the
+@code{maint info breakpoints} command). The optional @var{wp_class}
argument defines the class of watchpoint to create, if @var{type} is
-defined as @code{BP_WATCHPOINT}. If a watchpoint class is not
-provided, it is assumed to be a @var{WP_WRITE} class.
+@code{BP_WATCHPOINT}. If a watchpoint class is not provided, it is
+assumed to be a @var{WP_WRITE} class.
@end defmethod
The available watchpoint types represented by constants are defined in the
inferior leaves the scope of that watchpoint.
@end defmethod
+@defmethod Breakpoint delete
+Permanently deletes the @value{GDBN} breakpoint. This also
+invalidates the Python @code{Breakpoint} object. Any further access
+to this object's attributes or methods will raise an error.
+@end defmethod
+
@defivar Breakpoint enabled
This attribute is @code{True} if the breakpoint is enabled, and
@code{False} otherwise. This attribute is writable.
writable.
@end defivar
+@defivar Breakpoint visible
+This attribute tells whether the breakpoint is visible to the user
+when set, or when the @samp{info breakpoints} command is run. This
+attribute is not writable.
+@end defivar
+
The available types are represented by constants defined in the @code{gdb}
module:
Auto-loading can be enabled or disabled.
@table @code
-@kindex maint set python auto-load
-@item maint set python auto-load [yes|no]
-Enable or disable the Python auto-loading feature.
+@kindex set auto-load-scripts
+@item set auto-load-scripts [yes|no]
+Enable or disable the auto-loading of Python scripts.
-@kindex maint show python auto-load
-@item maint show python auto-load
-Show whether Python auto-loading is enabled or disabled.
+@kindex show auto-load-scripts
+@item show auto-load-scripts
+Show whether auto-loading of Python scripts is enabled or disabled.
@end table
When reading an auto-loaded file, @value{GDBN} sets the
@subsection Python modules
@cindex python modules
-@c It is assumed that at least one more module will be added before
-@c the next release of gdb. Thus we use a menu here.
@value{GDBN} comes with a module to assist writing Python code.
@menu
+* gdb.printing:: Building and registering pretty-printers.
* gdb.types:: Utilities for working with types.
@end menu
+@node gdb.printing
+@subsubsection gdb.printing
+@cindex gdb.printing
+
+This module provides a collection of utilities for working with
+pretty-printers.
+
+@table @code
+@item PrettyPrinter (@var{name}, @var{subprinters}=None)
+This class specifies the API that makes @samp{info pretty-printer},
+@samp{enable pretty-printer} and @samp{disable pretty-printer} work.
+Pretty-printers should generally inherit from this class.
+
+@item SubPrettyPrinter (@var{name})
+For printers that handle multiple types, this class specifies the
+corresponding API for the subprinters.
+
+@item RegexpCollectionPrettyPrinter (@var{name})
+Utility class for handling multiple printers, all recognized via
+regular expressions.
+@xref{Writing a Pretty-Printer}, for an example.
+
+@item register_pretty_printer (@var{obj}, @var{printer})
+Register @var{printer} with the pretty-printer list of @var{obj}.
+@end table
+
@node gdb.types
@subsubsection gdb.types
+@cindex gdb.types
This module provides a collection of utilities for working with
@code{gdb.Types} objects.
@cindex TUI key bindings
The TUI installs several key bindings in the readline keymaps
-(@pxref{Command Line Editing}). The following key bindings
-are installed for both TUI mode and the @value{GDBN} standard mode.
+@ifset SYSTEM_READLINE
+(@pxref{Command Line Editing, , , rluserman, GNU Readline Library}).
+@end ifset
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
+(@pxref{Command Line Editing}).
+@end ifclear
+The following key bindings are installed for both TUI mode and the
+@value{GDBN} standard mode.
@table @kbd
@kindex C-x C-a
@var{start-addr} and @var{end-addr}, only the lines up to @var{end-addr}
are displayed.
@item @var{mode}
-is either 0 (meaning only disassembly) or 1 (meaning mixed source and
-disassembly).
+is either 0 (meaning only disassembly), 1 (meaning mixed source and
+disassembly), 2 (meaning disassembly with raw opcodes), or 3 (meaning
+mixed source and disassembly with raw opcodes).
@end table
@subsubheading Result
@c inc-hist.texinfo
@c Use -I with makeinfo to point to the appropriate directory,
@c environment var TEXINPUTS with TeX.
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
@include rluser.texi
@include inc-hist.texinfo
+@end ifclear
@node Formatting Documentation
determined by the @value{GDBN} internal gdbarch functions
@code{DEPRECATED_REGISTER_RAW_SIZE} and @code{gdbarch_register_name}. The
specification of several standard @samp{g} packets is specified below.
+
+When reading registers from a trace frame (@pxref{Analyze Collected
+Data,,Using the Collected Data}), the stub may also return a string of
+literal @samp{x}'s in place of the register data digits, to indicate
+that the corresponding register has not been collected, thus its value
+is unavailable. For example, for an architecture with 4 registers of
+4 bytes each, the following reply indicates to @value{GDBN} that
+registers 0 and 2 have not been collected, while registers 1 and 3
+have been collected, and both have zero value:
+
+@smallexample
+-> @code{g}
+<- @code{xxxxxxxx00000000xxxxxxxx00000000}
+@end smallexample
+
@item E @var{NN}
for an error.
@end table
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