Firmware: add iSCSI iBFT Support
[deliverable/linux.git] / arch / x86 / kernel / signal_32.c
1 /*
2 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
3 *
4 * 1997-11-28 Modified for POSIX.1b signals by Richard Henderson
5 * 2000-06-20 Pentium III FXSR, SSE support by Gareth Hughes
6 */
7 #include <linux/list.h>
8
9 #include <linux/personality.h>
10 #include <linux/binfmts.h>
11 #include <linux/suspend.h>
12 #include <linux/kernel.h>
13 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
14 #include <linux/signal.h>
15 #include <linux/stddef.h>
16 #include <linux/unistd.h>
17 #include <linux/errno.h>
18 #include <linux/sched.h>
19 #include <linux/wait.h>
20 #include <linux/elf.h>
21 #include <linux/smp.h>
22 #include <linux/mm.h>
23
24 #include <asm/processor.h>
25 #include <asm/ucontext.h>
26 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
27 #include <asm/i387.h>
28 #include <asm/vdso.h>
29
30 #include "sigframe.h"
31
32 #define _BLOCKABLE (~(sigmask(SIGKILL) | sigmask(SIGSTOP)))
33
34 #define __FIX_EFLAGS (X86_EFLAGS_AC | X86_EFLAGS_OF | \
35 X86_EFLAGS_DF | X86_EFLAGS_TF | X86_EFLAGS_SF | \
36 X86_EFLAGS_ZF | X86_EFLAGS_AF | X86_EFLAGS_PF | \
37 X86_EFLAGS_CF)
38
39 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
40 # define FIX_EFLAGS (__FIX_EFLAGS | X86_EFLAGS_RF)
41 #else
42 # define FIX_EFLAGS __FIX_EFLAGS
43 #endif
44
45 /*
46 * Atomically swap in the new signal mask, and wait for a signal.
47 */
48 asmlinkage int
49 sys_sigsuspend(int history0, int history1, old_sigset_t mask)
50 {
51 mask &= _BLOCKABLE;
52 spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
53 current->saved_sigmask = current->blocked;
54 siginitset(&current->blocked, mask);
55 recalc_sigpending();
56 spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
57
58 current->state = TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE;
59 schedule();
60 set_thread_flag(TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK);
61
62 return -ERESTARTNOHAND;
63 }
64
65 asmlinkage int
66 sys_sigaction(int sig, const struct old_sigaction __user *act,
67 struct old_sigaction __user *oact)
68 {
69 struct k_sigaction new_ka, old_ka;
70 int ret;
71
72 if (act) {
73 old_sigset_t mask;
74
75 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, act, sizeof(*act)) ||
76 __get_user(new_ka.sa.sa_handler, &act->sa_handler) ||
77 __get_user(new_ka.sa.sa_restorer, &act->sa_restorer))
78 return -EFAULT;
79
80 __get_user(new_ka.sa.sa_flags, &act->sa_flags);
81 __get_user(mask, &act->sa_mask);
82 siginitset(&new_ka.sa.sa_mask, mask);
83 }
84
85 ret = do_sigaction(sig, act ? &new_ka : NULL, oact ? &old_ka : NULL);
86
87 if (!ret && oact) {
88 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, oact, sizeof(*oact)) ||
89 __put_user(old_ka.sa.sa_handler, &oact->sa_handler) ||
90 __put_user(old_ka.sa.sa_restorer, &oact->sa_restorer))
91 return -EFAULT;
92
93 __put_user(old_ka.sa.sa_flags, &oact->sa_flags);
94 __put_user(old_ka.sa.sa_mask.sig[0], &oact->sa_mask);
95 }
96
97 return ret;
98 }
99
100 asmlinkage int sys_sigaltstack(unsigned long bx)
101 {
102 /*
103 * This is needed to make gcc realize it doesn't own the
104 * "struct pt_regs"
105 */
106 struct pt_regs *regs = (struct pt_regs *)&bx;
107 const stack_t __user *uss = (const stack_t __user *)bx;
108 stack_t __user *uoss = (stack_t __user *)regs->cx;
109
110 return do_sigaltstack(uss, uoss, regs->sp);
111 }
112
113
114 /*
115 * Do a signal return; undo the signal stack.
116 */
117 static int
118 restore_sigcontext(struct pt_regs *regs, struct sigcontext __user *sc,
119 unsigned long *pax)
120 {
121 unsigned int err = 0;
122
123 /* Always make any pending restarted system calls return -EINTR */
124 current_thread_info()->restart_block.fn = do_no_restart_syscall;
125
126 #define COPY(x) err |= __get_user(regs->x, &sc->x)
127
128 #define COPY_SEG(seg) \
129 { unsigned short tmp; \
130 err |= __get_user(tmp, &sc->seg); \
131 regs->seg = tmp; }
132
133 #define COPY_SEG_STRICT(seg) \
134 { unsigned short tmp; \
135 err |= __get_user(tmp, &sc->seg); \
136 regs->seg = tmp|3; }
137
138 #define GET_SEG(seg) \
139 { unsigned short tmp; \
140 err |= __get_user(tmp, &sc->seg); \
141 loadsegment(seg, tmp); }
142
143 GET_SEG(gs);
144 COPY_SEG(fs);
145 COPY_SEG(es);
146 COPY_SEG(ds);
147 COPY(di); COPY(si); COPY(bp); COPY(sp); COPY(bx);
148 COPY(dx); COPY(cx); COPY(ip);
149 COPY_SEG_STRICT(cs);
150 COPY_SEG_STRICT(ss);
151
152 {
153 unsigned int tmpflags;
154
155 err |= __get_user(tmpflags, &sc->flags);
156 regs->flags = (regs->flags & ~FIX_EFLAGS) |
157 (tmpflags & FIX_EFLAGS);
158 regs->orig_ax = -1; /* disable syscall checks */
159 }
160
161 {
162 struct _fpstate __user *buf;
163
164 err |= __get_user(buf, &sc->fpstate);
165 if (buf) {
166 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, buf, sizeof(*buf)))
167 goto badframe;
168 err |= restore_i387(buf);
169 } else {
170 struct task_struct *me = current;
171
172 if (used_math()) {
173 clear_fpu(me);
174 clear_used_math();
175 }
176 }
177 }
178
179 err |= __get_user(*pax, &sc->ax);
180 return err;
181
182 badframe:
183 return 1;
184 }
185
186 asmlinkage unsigned long sys_sigreturn(unsigned long __unused)
187 {
188 struct sigframe __user *frame;
189 struct pt_regs *regs;
190 unsigned long ax;
191 sigset_t set;
192
193 regs = (struct pt_regs *) &__unused;
194 frame = (struct sigframe __user *)(regs->sp - 8);
195
196 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, frame, sizeof(*frame)))
197 goto badframe;
198 if (__get_user(set.sig[0], &frame->sc.oldmask) || (_NSIG_WORDS > 1
199 && __copy_from_user(&set.sig[1], &frame->extramask,
200 sizeof(frame->extramask))))
201 goto badframe;
202
203 sigdelsetmask(&set, ~_BLOCKABLE);
204 spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
205 current->blocked = set;
206 recalc_sigpending();
207 spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
208
209 if (restore_sigcontext(regs, &frame->sc, &ax))
210 goto badframe;
211 return ax;
212
213 badframe:
214 if (show_unhandled_signals && printk_ratelimit()) {
215 printk(KERN_INFO "%s%s[%d] bad frame in sigreturn frame:"
216 "%p ip:%lx sp:%lx oeax:%lx",
217 task_pid_nr(current) > 1 ? KERN_INFO : KERN_EMERG,
218 current->comm, task_pid_nr(current), frame, regs->ip,
219 regs->sp, regs->orig_ax);
220 print_vma_addr(" in ", regs->ip);
221 printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
222 }
223
224 force_sig(SIGSEGV, current);
225
226 return 0;
227 }
228
229 asmlinkage int sys_rt_sigreturn(unsigned long __unused)
230 {
231 struct pt_regs *regs = (struct pt_regs *)&__unused;
232 struct rt_sigframe __user *frame;
233 unsigned long ax;
234 sigset_t set;
235
236 frame = (struct rt_sigframe __user *)(regs->sp - sizeof(long));
237 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, frame, sizeof(*frame)))
238 goto badframe;
239 if (__copy_from_user(&set, &frame->uc.uc_sigmask, sizeof(set)))
240 goto badframe;
241
242 sigdelsetmask(&set, ~_BLOCKABLE);
243 spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
244 current->blocked = set;
245 recalc_sigpending();
246 spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
247
248 if (restore_sigcontext(regs, &frame->uc.uc_mcontext, &ax))
249 goto badframe;
250
251 if (do_sigaltstack(&frame->uc.uc_stack, NULL, regs->sp) == -EFAULT)
252 goto badframe;
253
254 return ax;
255
256 badframe:
257 force_sig(SIGSEGV, current);
258 return 0;
259 }
260
261 /*
262 * Set up a signal frame.
263 */
264 static int
265 setup_sigcontext(struct sigcontext __user *sc, struct _fpstate __user *fpstate,
266 struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long mask)
267 {
268 int tmp, err = 0;
269
270 err |= __put_user(regs->fs, (unsigned int __user *)&sc->fs);
271 savesegment(gs, tmp);
272 err |= __put_user(tmp, (unsigned int __user *)&sc->gs);
273
274 err |= __put_user(regs->es, (unsigned int __user *)&sc->es);
275 err |= __put_user(regs->ds, (unsigned int __user *)&sc->ds);
276 err |= __put_user(regs->di, &sc->di);
277 err |= __put_user(regs->si, &sc->si);
278 err |= __put_user(regs->bp, &sc->bp);
279 err |= __put_user(regs->sp, &sc->sp);
280 err |= __put_user(regs->bx, &sc->bx);
281 err |= __put_user(regs->dx, &sc->dx);
282 err |= __put_user(regs->cx, &sc->cx);
283 err |= __put_user(regs->ax, &sc->ax);
284 err |= __put_user(current->thread.trap_no, &sc->trapno);
285 err |= __put_user(current->thread.error_code, &sc->err);
286 err |= __put_user(regs->ip, &sc->ip);
287 err |= __put_user(regs->cs, (unsigned int __user *)&sc->cs);
288 err |= __put_user(regs->flags, &sc->flags);
289 err |= __put_user(regs->sp, &sc->sp_at_signal);
290 err |= __put_user(regs->ss, (unsigned int __user *)&sc->ss);
291
292 tmp = save_i387(fpstate);
293 if (tmp < 0)
294 err = 1;
295 else
296 err |= __put_user(tmp ? fpstate : NULL, &sc->fpstate);
297
298 /* non-iBCS2 extensions.. */
299 err |= __put_user(mask, &sc->oldmask);
300 err |= __put_user(current->thread.cr2, &sc->cr2);
301
302 return err;
303 }
304
305 /*
306 * Determine which stack to use..
307 */
308 static inline void __user *
309 get_sigframe(struct k_sigaction *ka, struct pt_regs *regs, size_t frame_size)
310 {
311 unsigned long sp;
312
313 /* Default to using normal stack */
314 sp = regs->sp;
315
316 /*
317 * If we are on the alternate signal stack and would overflow it, don't.
318 * Return an always-bogus address instead so we will die with SIGSEGV.
319 */
320 if (on_sig_stack(sp) && !likely(on_sig_stack(sp - frame_size)))
321 return (void __user *) -1L;
322
323 /* This is the X/Open sanctioned signal stack switching. */
324 if (ka->sa.sa_flags & SA_ONSTACK) {
325 if (sas_ss_flags(sp) == 0)
326 sp = current->sas_ss_sp + current->sas_ss_size;
327 } else {
328 /* This is the legacy signal stack switching. */
329 if ((regs->ss & 0xffff) != __USER_DS &&
330 !(ka->sa.sa_flags & SA_RESTORER) &&
331 ka->sa.sa_restorer)
332 sp = (unsigned long) ka->sa.sa_restorer;
333 }
334
335 sp -= frame_size;
336 /*
337 * Align the stack pointer according to the i386 ABI,
338 * i.e. so that on function entry ((sp + 4) & 15) == 0.
339 */
340 sp = ((sp + 4) & -16ul) - 4;
341
342 return (void __user *) sp;
343 }
344
345 static int
346 setup_frame(int sig, struct k_sigaction *ka, sigset_t *set,
347 struct pt_regs *regs)
348 {
349 struct sigframe __user *frame;
350 void __user *restorer;
351 int err = 0;
352 int usig;
353
354 frame = get_sigframe(ka, regs, sizeof(*frame));
355
356 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, frame, sizeof(*frame)))
357 goto give_sigsegv;
358
359 usig = current_thread_info()->exec_domain
360 && current_thread_info()->exec_domain->signal_invmap
361 && sig < 32
362 ? current_thread_info()->exec_domain->signal_invmap[sig]
363 : sig;
364
365 err = __put_user(usig, &frame->sig);
366 if (err)
367 goto give_sigsegv;
368
369 err = setup_sigcontext(&frame->sc, &frame->fpstate, regs, set->sig[0]);
370 if (err)
371 goto give_sigsegv;
372
373 if (_NSIG_WORDS > 1) {
374 err = __copy_to_user(&frame->extramask, &set->sig[1],
375 sizeof(frame->extramask));
376 if (err)
377 goto give_sigsegv;
378 }
379
380 if (current->mm->context.vdso)
381 restorer = VDSO32_SYMBOL(current->mm->context.vdso, sigreturn);
382 else
383 restorer = &frame->retcode;
384 if (ka->sa.sa_flags & SA_RESTORER)
385 restorer = ka->sa.sa_restorer;
386
387 /* Set up to return from userspace. */
388 err |= __put_user(restorer, &frame->pretcode);
389
390 /*
391 * This is popl %eax ; movl $__NR_sigreturn, %eax ; int $0x80
392 *
393 * WE DO NOT USE IT ANY MORE! It's only left here for historical
394 * reasons and because gdb uses it as a signature to notice
395 * signal handler stack frames.
396 */
397 err |= __put_user(0xb858, (short __user *)(frame->retcode+0));
398 err |= __put_user(__NR_sigreturn, (int __user *)(frame->retcode+2));
399 err |= __put_user(0x80cd, (short __user *)(frame->retcode+6));
400
401 if (err)
402 goto give_sigsegv;
403
404 /* Set up registers for signal handler */
405 regs->sp = (unsigned long)frame;
406 regs->ip = (unsigned long)ka->sa.sa_handler;
407 regs->ax = (unsigned long)sig;
408 regs->dx = 0;
409 regs->cx = 0;
410
411 regs->ds = __USER_DS;
412 regs->es = __USER_DS;
413 regs->ss = __USER_DS;
414 regs->cs = __USER_CS;
415
416 /*
417 * Clear TF when entering the signal handler, but
418 * notify any tracer that was single-stepping it.
419 * The tracer may want to single-step inside the
420 * handler too.
421 */
422 regs->flags &= ~(X86_EFLAGS_TF | X86_EFLAGS_DF);
423 if (test_thread_flag(TIF_SINGLESTEP))
424 ptrace_notify(SIGTRAP);
425
426 return 0;
427
428 give_sigsegv:
429 force_sigsegv(sig, current);
430 return -EFAULT;
431 }
432
433 static int setup_rt_frame(int sig, struct k_sigaction *ka, siginfo_t *info,
434 sigset_t *set, struct pt_regs *regs)
435 {
436 struct rt_sigframe __user *frame;
437 void __user *restorer;
438 int err = 0;
439 int usig;
440
441 frame = get_sigframe(ka, regs, sizeof(*frame));
442
443 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, frame, sizeof(*frame)))
444 goto give_sigsegv;
445
446 usig = current_thread_info()->exec_domain
447 && current_thread_info()->exec_domain->signal_invmap
448 && sig < 32
449 ? current_thread_info()->exec_domain->signal_invmap[sig]
450 : sig;
451
452 err |= __put_user(usig, &frame->sig);
453 err |= __put_user(&frame->info, &frame->pinfo);
454 err |= __put_user(&frame->uc, &frame->puc);
455 err |= copy_siginfo_to_user(&frame->info, info);
456 if (err)
457 goto give_sigsegv;
458
459 /* Create the ucontext. */
460 err |= __put_user(0, &frame->uc.uc_flags);
461 err |= __put_user(0, &frame->uc.uc_link);
462 err |= __put_user(current->sas_ss_sp, &frame->uc.uc_stack.ss_sp);
463 err |= __put_user(sas_ss_flags(regs->sp),
464 &frame->uc.uc_stack.ss_flags);
465 err |= __put_user(current->sas_ss_size, &frame->uc.uc_stack.ss_size);
466 err |= setup_sigcontext(&frame->uc.uc_mcontext, &frame->fpstate,
467 regs, set->sig[0]);
468 err |= __copy_to_user(&frame->uc.uc_sigmask, set, sizeof(*set));
469 if (err)
470 goto give_sigsegv;
471
472 /* Set up to return from userspace. */
473 restorer = VDSO32_SYMBOL(current->mm->context.vdso, rt_sigreturn);
474 if (ka->sa.sa_flags & SA_RESTORER)
475 restorer = ka->sa.sa_restorer;
476 err |= __put_user(restorer, &frame->pretcode);
477
478 /*
479 * This is movl $__NR_rt_sigreturn, %ax ; int $0x80
480 *
481 * WE DO NOT USE IT ANY MORE! It's only left here for historical
482 * reasons and because gdb uses it as a signature to notice
483 * signal handler stack frames.
484 */
485 err |= __put_user(0xb8, (char __user *)(frame->retcode+0));
486 err |= __put_user(__NR_rt_sigreturn, (int __user *)(frame->retcode+1));
487 err |= __put_user(0x80cd, (short __user *)(frame->retcode+5));
488
489 if (err)
490 goto give_sigsegv;
491
492 /* Set up registers for signal handler */
493 regs->sp = (unsigned long)frame;
494 regs->ip = (unsigned long)ka->sa.sa_handler;
495 regs->ax = (unsigned long)usig;
496 regs->dx = (unsigned long)&frame->info;
497 regs->cx = (unsigned long)&frame->uc;
498
499 regs->ds = __USER_DS;
500 regs->es = __USER_DS;
501 regs->ss = __USER_DS;
502 regs->cs = __USER_CS;
503
504 /*
505 * Clear TF when entering the signal handler, but
506 * notify any tracer that was single-stepping it.
507 * The tracer may want to single-step inside the
508 * handler too.
509 */
510 regs->flags &= ~(X86_EFLAGS_TF | X86_EFLAGS_DF);
511 if (test_thread_flag(TIF_SINGLESTEP))
512 ptrace_notify(SIGTRAP);
513
514 return 0;
515
516 give_sigsegv:
517 force_sigsegv(sig, current);
518 return -EFAULT;
519 }
520
521 /*
522 * OK, we're invoking a handler:
523 */
524 static int
525 handle_signal(unsigned long sig, siginfo_t *info, struct k_sigaction *ka,
526 sigset_t *oldset, struct pt_regs *regs)
527 {
528 int ret;
529
530 /* Are we from a system call? */
531 if ((long)regs->orig_ax >= 0) {
532 /* If so, check system call restarting.. */
533 switch (regs->ax) {
534 case -ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK:
535 case -ERESTARTNOHAND:
536 regs->ax = -EINTR;
537 break;
538
539 case -ERESTARTSYS:
540 if (!(ka->sa.sa_flags & SA_RESTART)) {
541 regs->ax = -EINTR;
542 break;
543 }
544 /* fallthrough */
545 case -ERESTARTNOINTR:
546 regs->ax = regs->orig_ax;
547 regs->ip -= 2;
548 break;
549 }
550 }
551
552 /*
553 * If TF is set due to a debugger (TIF_FORCED_TF), clear the TF
554 * flag so that register information in the sigcontext is correct.
555 */
556 if (unlikely(regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_TF) &&
557 likely(test_and_clear_thread_flag(TIF_FORCED_TF)))
558 regs->flags &= ~X86_EFLAGS_TF;
559
560 /* Set up the stack frame */
561 if (ka->sa.sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO)
562 ret = setup_rt_frame(sig, ka, info, oldset, regs);
563 else
564 ret = setup_frame(sig, ka, oldset, regs);
565
566 if (ret)
567 return ret;
568
569 spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
570 sigorsets(&current->blocked, &current->blocked, &ka->sa.sa_mask);
571 if (!(ka->sa.sa_flags & SA_NODEFER))
572 sigaddset(&current->blocked, sig);
573 recalc_sigpending();
574 spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
575
576 return 0;
577 }
578
579 /*
580 * Note that 'init' is a special process: it doesn't get signals it doesn't
581 * want to handle. Thus you cannot kill init even with a SIGKILL even by
582 * mistake.
583 */
584 static void do_signal(struct pt_regs *regs)
585 {
586 struct k_sigaction ka;
587 siginfo_t info;
588 int signr;
589 sigset_t *oldset;
590
591 /*
592 * We want the common case to go fast, which is why we may in certain
593 * cases get here from kernel mode. Just return without doing anything
594 * if so.
595 * X86_32: vm86 regs switched out by assembly code before reaching
596 * here, so testing against kernel CS suffices.
597 */
598 if (!user_mode(regs))
599 return;
600
601 if (test_thread_flag(TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK))
602 oldset = &current->saved_sigmask;
603 else
604 oldset = &current->blocked;
605
606 signr = get_signal_to_deliver(&info, &ka, regs, NULL);
607 if (signr > 0) {
608 /*
609 * Re-enable any watchpoints before delivering the
610 * signal to user space. The processor register will
611 * have been cleared if the watchpoint triggered
612 * inside the kernel.
613 */
614 if (current->thread.debugreg7)
615 set_debugreg(current->thread.debugreg7, 7);
616
617 /* Whee! Actually deliver the signal. */
618 if (handle_signal(signr, &info, &ka, oldset, regs) == 0) {
619 /*
620 * a signal was successfully delivered; the saved
621 * sigmask will have been stored in the signal frame,
622 * and will be restored by sigreturn, so we can simply
623 * clear the TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK flag
624 */
625 if (test_thread_flag(TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK))
626 clear_thread_flag(TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK);
627 }
628 return;
629 }
630
631 /* Did we come from a system call? */
632 if ((long)regs->orig_ax >= 0) {
633 /* Restart the system call - no handlers present */
634 switch (regs->ax) {
635 case -ERESTARTNOHAND:
636 case -ERESTARTSYS:
637 case -ERESTARTNOINTR:
638 regs->ax = regs->orig_ax;
639 regs->ip -= 2;
640 break;
641
642 case -ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK:
643 regs->ax = __NR_restart_syscall;
644 regs->ip -= 2;
645 break;
646 }
647 }
648
649 /*
650 * If there's no signal to deliver, we just put the saved sigmask
651 * back.
652 */
653 if (test_thread_flag(TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK)) {
654 clear_thread_flag(TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK);
655 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &current->saved_sigmask, NULL);
656 }
657 }
658
659 /*
660 * notification of userspace execution resumption
661 * - triggered by the TIF_WORK_MASK flags
662 */
663 void
664 do_notify_resume(struct pt_regs *regs, void *unused, __u32 thread_info_flags)
665 {
666 /* Pending single-step? */
667 if (thread_info_flags & _TIF_SINGLESTEP) {
668 regs->flags |= X86_EFLAGS_TF;
669 clear_thread_flag(TIF_SINGLESTEP);
670 }
671
672 /* deal with pending signal delivery */
673 if (thread_info_flags & (_TIF_SIGPENDING | _TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK))
674 do_signal(regs);
675
676 if (thread_info_flags & _TIF_HRTICK_RESCHED)
677 hrtick_resched();
678
679 clear_thread_flag(TIF_IRET);
680 }
This page took 0.066651 seconds and 5 git commands to generate.