[babeltrace.git] / bindings / python / writer.py

# writer.py
#
# Babeltrace writer interface Python module
#
# Copyright 2012-2015 EfficiOS Inc.
#
# Author: Jérémie Galarneau <jeremie.galarneau@efficios.com>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.

import babeltrace.nativebt as nbt
import babeltrace.common as common
from uuid import UUID


# Used to compare to -1ULL in error checks
_MAX_UINT64 = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF


class EnumerationMapping:
    """
    Mapping from an enumeration label to a range of integers.
    """

    def __init__(self, name, start, end):
        """
        Creates an enumeration mapping, where label *name* is mapped to
        the [*start*, *end*] range of integers (*end* is included).

        Set *start* and *end* to the same value to create an enumeration
        mapping to a single value.
        """

        self.name = name
        self.start = start
        self.end = end


class Clock:
    """
    A CTF clock allows the description of the system's clock topology, as
    well as the definition of each clock's parameters.

    :class:`Clock` objects must be registered to a :class:`Writer`
    object (see :meth:`Writer.add_clock`), as well as be registered to
    a :class:`StreamClass` object (see :attr:`StreamClass.clock`).
    """

    def __init__(self, name):
        """
        Creates a default CTF clock named *name*.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        self._c = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_create(name)

        if self._c is None:
            raise ValueError("Invalid clock name.")

    def __del__(self):
        nbt._bt_ctf_clock_put(self._c)

    @property
    def name(self):
        """
        Clock name.

        Set this attribute to change the clock's name.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        name = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_get_name(self._c)

        if name is None:
            raise ValueError("Invalid clock instance.")

        return name

    @property
    def description(self):
        """
        Clock description (string).

        Set this attribute to change the clock's description.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        return nbt._bt_ctf_clock_get_description(self._c)

    @description.setter
    def description(self, desc):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_set_description(self._c, str(desc))

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Invalid clock description.")

    @property
    def frequency(self):
        """
        Clock frequency in Hz (integer).

        Set this attribute to change the clock's frequency.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        freq = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_get_frequency(self._c)

        if freq == _MAX_UINT64:
            raise ValueError("Invalid clock instance")

        return freq

    @frequency.setter
    def frequency(self, freq):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_set_frequency(self._c, freq)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Invalid frequency value.")

    @property
    def precision(self):
        """
        Clock precision in clock ticks (integer).

        Set this attribute to change the clock's precision.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        precision = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_get_precision(self._c)

        if precision == _MAX_UINT64:
            raise ValueError("Invalid clock instance")

        return precision

    @precision.setter
    def precision(self, precision):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_set_precision(self._c, precision)

    @property
    def offset_seconds(self):
        """
        Clock offset in seconds since POSIX.1 Epoch (integer).

        Set this attribute to change the clock's offset in seconds.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        offset_s = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_get_offset_s(self._c)

        if offset_s == _MAX_UINT64:
            raise ValueError("Invalid clock instance")

        return offset_s

    @offset_seconds.setter
    def offset_seconds(self, offset_s):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_set_offset_s(self._c, offset_s)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Invalid offset value.")

    @property
    def offset(self):
        """
        Clock offset in ticks since (POSIX.1 Epoch +
        :attr:`offset_seconds`).

        Set this attribute to change the clock's offset.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        offset = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_get_offset(self._c)

        if offset == _MAX_UINT64:
            raise ValueError("Invalid clock instance")

        return offset

    @offset.setter
    def offset(self, offset):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_set_offset(self._c, offset)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Invalid offset value.")

    @property
    def absolute(self):
        """
        ``True`` if this clock is absolute, i.e. if the clock is a
        global reference across the other clocks of the trace.

        Set this attribute to change the clock's absolute state
        (boolean).

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        is_absolute = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_get_is_absolute(self._c)

        if is_absolute == -1:
            raise ValueError("Invalid clock instance")

        return False if is_absolute == 0 else True

    @absolute.setter
    def absolute(self, is_absolute):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_set_is_absolute(self._c, int(is_absolute))

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set the clock absolute attribute.")

    @property
    def uuid(self):
        """
        Clock UUID (an :class:`uuid.UUID` object).

        Set this attribute to change the clock's UUID.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        uuid_list = []

        for i in range(16):
            ret, value = nbt._bt_python_ctf_clock_get_uuid_index(self._c, i)

            if ret < 0:
                raise ValueError("Invalid clock instance")

            uuid_list.append(value)

        return UUID(bytes=bytes(uuid_list))

    @uuid.setter
    def uuid(self, uuid):
        uuid_bytes = uuid.bytes

        if len(uuid_bytes) != 16:
            raise ValueError("Invalid UUID provided. UUID length must be 16 bytes")

        for i in range(len(uuid_bytes)):
            ret = nbt._bt_python_ctf_clock_set_uuid_index(self._c, i,
                                                          uuid_bytes[i])

            if ret < 0:
                raise ValueError("Invalid clock instance")

    @property
    def time(self):
        """
        Clock current time; nanoseconds (integer) since clock origin
        (POSIX.1 Epoch + :attr:`offset_seconds` + :attr:`offset`).

        Set this attribute to change the clock's current time.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        time = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_get_time(self._c)

        if time == _MAX_UINT64:
            raise ValueError("Invalid clock instance")

        return time

    @time.setter
    def time(self, time):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_clock_set_time(self._c, time)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Invalid time value.")


class IntegerBase:
    """
    Display base of an integer.
    """

    #: Unknown
    INTEGER_BASE_UNKNOWN = -1

    #: Binary
    INTEGER_BASE_BINARY = 2

    #: Octal
    INTEGER_BASE_OCTAL = 8

    #: Decimal
    INTEGER_BASE_DECIMAL = 10

    #: Hexadecimal
    INTEGER_BASE_HEXADECIMAL = 16


class FieldDeclaration:
    """
    Base class of all field declarations. This class is not meant to
    be instantiated by the user; use one of the concrete field
    declaration subclasses instead.
    """

    class IntegerBase(IntegerBase):
        pass

    def __init__(self):
        if self._ft is None:
            raise ValueError("FieldDeclaration creation failed.")

    def __del__(self):
        nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_put(self._ft)

    @staticmethod
    def _create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(
            native_field_declaration):
        type_dict = {
            common.CTFTypeId.INTEGER: IntegerFieldDeclaration,
            common.CTFTypeId.FLOAT: FloatFieldDeclaration,
            common.CTFTypeId.ENUM: EnumerationFieldDeclaration,
            common.CTFTypeId.STRING: StringFieldDeclaration,
            common.CTFTypeId.STRUCT: StructureFieldDeclaration,
            common.CTFTypeId.VARIANT: VariantFieldDeclaration,
            common.CTFTypeId.ARRAY: ArrayFieldDeclaration,
            common.CTFTypeId.SEQUENCE: SequenceFieldDeclaration
        }

        field_type_id = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_get_type_id(native_field_declaration)

        if field_type_id == common.CTFTypeId.UNKNOWN:
            raise TypeError("Invalid field instance")

        declaration = Field.__new__(Field)
        declaration._ft = native_field_declaration
        declaration.__class__ = type_dict[field_type_id]

        return declaration

    @property
    def alignment(self):
        """
        Field alignment in bits (integer).

        Set this attribute to change this field's alignment.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        return nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_get_alignment(self._ft)

    @alignment.setter
    def alignment(self, alignment):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_set_alignment(self._ft, alignment)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Invalid alignment value.")

    @property
    def byte_order(self):
        """
        Field byte order (one of :class:`babeltrace.common.ByteOrder`
        constants).

        Set this attribute to change this field's byte order.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        return nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_get_byte_order(self._ft)

    @byte_order.setter
    def byte_order(self, byte_order):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_set_byte_order(self._ft, byte_order)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set byte order value.")


class IntegerFieldDeclaration(FieldDeclaration):
    """
    Integer field declaration.
    """

    def __init__(self, size):
        """
        Creates an integer field declaration of size *size* bits.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        self._ft = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_integer_create(size)
        super().__init__()

    @property
    def size(self):
        """
        Integer size in bits (integer).

        Set this attribute to change this integer's size.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_integer_get_size(self._ft)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not get Integer size attribute.")
        else:
            return ret

    @property
    def signed(self):
        """
        ``True`` if this integer is signed.

        Set this attribute to change this integer's signedness
        (boolean).

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_integer_get_signed(self._ft)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not get Integer signed attribute.")
        elif ret > 0:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    @signed.setter
    def signed(self, signed):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_integer_set_signed(self._ft, signed)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set Integer signed attribute.")

    @property
    def base(self):
        """
        Integer display base (one of :class:`IntegerBase` constants).

        Set this attribute to change this integer's display base.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        return nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_integer_get_base(self._ft)

    @base.setter
    def base(self, base):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_integer_set_base(self._ft, base)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set Integer base.")

    @property
    def encoding(self):
        """
        Integer encoding (one of
        :class:`babeltrace.common.CTFStringEncoding` constants).

        Set this attribute to change this integer's encoding.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        return nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_integer_get_encoding(self._ft)

    @encoding.setter
    def encoding(self, encoding):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_integer_set_encoding(self._ft, encoding)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set Integer encoding.")


class EnumerationFieldDeclaration(FieldDeclaration):
    """
    Enumeration field declaration. A CTF enumeration maps labels to
    ranges of integers.
    """

    def __init__(self, integer_type):
        """
        Creates an enumeration field declaration, with *integer_type*
        being the underlying :class:`IntegerFieldDeclaration` for storing
        the integer.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        isinst = isinstance(integer_type, IntegerFieldDeclaration)

        if integer_type is None or not isinst:
            raise TypeError("Invalid integer container.")

        self._ft = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_enumeration_create(integer_type._ft)
        super().__init__()

    @property
    def container(self):
        """
        Underlying container (:class:`IntegerFieldDeclaration`).

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_enumeration_get_container_type(self._ft)

        if ret is None:
            raise TypeError("Invalid enumeration declaration")

        return FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(ret)

    def add_mapping(self, name, range_start, range_end):
        """
        Adds a mapping to the enumeration field declaration, from the
        label named *name* to range [*range_start*, *range_end*], where
        *range_start* and *range_end* are integers included in the
        range.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        if range_start < 0 or range_end < 0:
            ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_enumeration_add_mapping(self._ft,
                                                                 str(name),
                                                                 range_start,
                                                                 range_end)
        else:
            ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_enumeration_add_mapping_unsigned(self._ft,
                                                                          str(name),
                                                                          range_start,
                                                                          range_end)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not add mapping to enumeration declaration.")

    @property
    def mappings(self):
        """
        Generates the mappings of this enumeration field declaration
        (:class:`EnumerationMapping` objects).

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        signed = self.container.signed

        count = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_enumeration_get_mapping_count(self._ft)

        for i in range(count):
            if signed:
                ret = nbt._bt_python_ctf_field_type_enumeration_get_mapping(self._ft, i)
            else:
                ret = nbt._bt_python_ctf_field_type_enumeration_get_mapping_unsigned(self._ft, i)

            if len(ret) != 3:
                msg = "Could not get Enumeration mapping at index {}".format(i)
                raise TypeError(msg)

            name, range_start, range_end = ret
            yield EnumerationMapping(name, range_start, range_end)

    def get_mapping_by_name(self, name):
        """
        Returns the :class:`EnumerationMapping` object for the label
        named *name*.

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        index = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_enumeration_get_mapping_index_by_name(self._ft, name)

        if index < 0:
            return None

        if self.container.signed:
            ret = nbt._bt_python_ctf_field_type_enumeration_get_mapping(self._ft, index)
        else:
            ret = nbt._bt_python_ctf_field_type_enumeration_get_mapping_unsigned(self._ft, index)

        if len(ret) != 3:
            msg = "Could not get Enumeration mapping at index {}".format(i)
            raise TypeError(msg)

        name, range_start, range_end = ret

        return EnumerationMapping(name, range_start, range_end)

    def get_mapping_by_value(self, value):
        """
        Returns the :class:`EnumerationMapping` object for the value
        *value* (integer).

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        if value < 0:
            index = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_enumeration_get_mapping_index_by_value(self._ft, value)
        else:
            index = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_enumeration_get_mapping_index_by_unsigned_value(self._ft, value)

        if index < 0:
            return None

        if self.container.signed:
            ret = nbt._bt_python_ctf_field_type_enumeration_get_mapping(self._ft, index)
        else:
            ret = nbt._bt_python_ctf_field_type_enumeration_get_mapping_unsigned(self._ft, index)

        if len(ret) != 3:
            msg = "Could not get Enumeration mapping at index {}".format(i)
            raise TypeError(msg)

        name, range_start, range_end = ret

        return EnumerationMapping(name, range_start, range_end)


class FloatingPointFieldDeclaration(FieldDeclaration):
    """
    Floating point number field declaration.

    A CTF floating point number is a made of three sections: the sign
    bit, the exponent bits, and the mantissa bits. The most significant
    bit of the resulting binary word is the sign bit, and is included
    in the number of mantissa bits.

    For example, the
    `IEEE 754 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_floating_point>`_
    single precision floating point number is represented on a 32-bit
    word using an 8-bit exponent (``e``) and a 24-bit mantissa (``m``),
    the latter count including the sign bit (``s``)::

        s eeeeeeee mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

    The IEEE 754 double precision floating point number uses an
    11-bit exponent and a 53-bit mantissa.
    """

    #: IEEE 754 single precision floating point number exponent size
    FLT_EXP_DIG = 8

    #: IEEE 754 double precision floating point number exponent size
    DBL_EXP_DIG = 11

    #: IEEE 754 single precision floating point number mantissa size
    FLT_MANT_DIG = 24

    #: IEEE 754 double precision floating point number mantissa size
    DBL_MANT_DIG = 53

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Creates a floating point number field declaration.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        self._ft = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_floating_point_create()
        super().__init__()

    @property
    def exponent_digits(self):
        """
        Floating point number exponent section size in bits (integer).

        Set this attribute to change the floating point number's
        exponent section's size. You may use :attr:`FLT_EXP_DIG` or
        :attr:`DBL_EXP_DIG` for IEEE 754 floating point numbers.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_floating_point_get_exponent_digits(self._ft)

        if ret < 0:
            raise TypeError(
                "Could not get Floating point exponent digit count")

        return ret

    @exponent_digits.setter
    def exponent_digits(self, exponent_digits):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_floating_point_set_exponent_digits(self._ft,
                                                                        exponent_digits)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set exponent digit count.")

    @property
    def mantissa_digits(self):
        """
        Floating point number mantissa section size in bits (integer).

        Set this attribute to change the floating point number's
        mantissa section's size. You may use :attr:`FLT_MANT_DIG` or
        :attr:`DBL_MANT_DIG` for IEEE 754 floating point numbers.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_floating_point_get_mantissa_digits(self._ft)

        if ret < 0:
            raise TypeError("Could not get Floating point mantissa digit count")

        return ret

    @mantissa_digits.setter
    def mantissa_digits(self, mantissa_digits):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_floating_point_set_mantissa_digits(self._ft,
                                                                        mantissa_digits)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set mantissa digit count.")


class FloatFieldDeclaration(FloatingPointFieldDeclaration):
    pass


class StructureFieldDeclaration(FieldDeclaration):
    """
    Structure field declaration, i.e. an ordered mapping from field
    names to field declarations.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Creates an empty structure field declaration.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        self._ft = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_structure_create()
        super().__init__()

    def add_field(self, field_type, field_name):
        """
        Appends one :class:`FieldDeclaration` *field_type* named
        *field_name* to the structure's ordered map.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_structure_add_field(self._ft,
                                                         field_type._ft,
                                                         str(field_name))

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not add field to structure.")

    @property
    def fields(self):
        """
        Generates the (field name, :class:`FieldDeclaration`) pairs
        of this structure.

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        count = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_structure_get_field_count(self._ft)

        if count < 0:
            raise TypeError("Could not get Structure field count")

        for i in range(count):
            field_name = nbt._bt_python_ctf_field_type_structure_get_field_name(self._ft, i)

            if field_name is None:
                msg = "Could not get Structure field name at index {}".format(i)
                raise TypeError(msg)

            field_type_native = nbt._bt_python_ctf_field_type_structure_get_field_type(self._ft, i)

            if field_type_native is None:
                msg = "Could not get Structure field type at index {}".format(i)
                raise TypeError(msg)

            field_type = FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(field_type_native)
            yield (field_name, field_type)

    def get_field_by_name(self, name):
        """
        Returns the :class:`FieldDeclaration` mapped to the field name
        *name* in this structure.

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        field_type_native = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_structure_get_field_type_by_name(self._ft, name)

        if field_type_native is None:
            msg = "Could not find Structure field with name {}".format(name)
            raise TypeError(msg)

        return FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(field_type_native)


class VariantFieldDeclaration(FieldDeclaration):
    """
    Variant field declaration.

    A CTF variant is a dynamic selection between different fields.
    The value of a *tag* (a CTF enumeration) determines what is the
    current selected field. All the possible fields must be added to
    its field declaration before using an actual variant field.
    """

    def __init__(self, enum_tag, tag_name):
        """
        Creates an empty variant field declaration with tag field
        declaration *enum_tag* (instance of
        :class:`EnumerationFieldDeclaration`) named *tag_name*
        (string).

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        isinst = isinstance(enum_tag, EnumerationFieldDeclaration)
        if enum_tag is None or not isinst:
            raise TypeError("Invalid tag type; must be of type EnumerationFieldDeclaration.")

        self._ft = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_variant_create(enum_tag._ft,
                                                         str(tag_name))
        super().__init__()

    @property
    def tag_name(self):
        """
        Variant field declaration tag name.

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_variant_get_tag_name(self._ft)

        if ret is None:
            raise TypeError("Could not get Variant tag name")

        return ret

    @property
    def tag_type(self):
        """
        Variant field declaration tag field declaration
        (:class:`EnumerationFieldDeclaration` object).

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_variant_get_tag_type(self._ft)

        if ret is None:
            raise TypeError("Could not get Variant tag type")

        return FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(ret)

    def add_field(self, field_type, field_name):
        """
        Registers the :class:`FieldDeclaration` object *field_type*
        as the variant's selected type when the variant's tag's current
        label is *field_name*.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_variant_add_field(self._ft,
                                                       field_type._ft,
                                                       str(field_name))

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not add field to variant.")

    @property
    def fields(self):
        """
        Generates the (field name, :class:`FieldDeclaration`) pairs
        of this variant field declaration.

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        count = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_variant_get_field_count(self._ft)

        if count < 0:
            raise TypeError("Could not get Variant field count")

        for i in range(count):
            field_name = nbt._bt_python_ctf_field_type_variant_get_field_name(self._ft, i)

            if field_name is None:
                msg = "Could not get Variant field name at index {}".format(i)
                raise TypeError(msg)

            field_type_native = nbt._bt_python_ctf_field_type_variant_get_field_type(self._ft, i)

            if field_type_native is None:
                msg = "Could not get Variant field type at index {}".format(i)
                raise TypeError(msg)

            field_type = FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(field_type_native)
            yield (field_name, field_type)

    def get_field_by_name(self, name):
        """
        Returns the :class:`FieldDeclaration` selected when the
        variant's tag's current label is *name*.

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        field_type_native = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_variant_get_field_type_by_name(self._ft,
                                                                                  name)

        if field_type_native is None:
            msg = "Could not find Variant field with name {}".format(name)
            raise TypeError(msg)

        return FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(field_type_native)

    def get_field_from_tag(self, tag):
        """
        Returns the :class:`FieldDeclaration` selected by the current
        label of the :class:`EnumerationField` *tag*.

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        field_type_native = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_variant_get_field_type_from_tag(self._ft, tag._f)

        if field_type_native is None:
            msg = "Could not find Variant field with tag value {}".format(tag.value)
            raise TypeError(msg)

        return FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(field_type_native)


class ArrayFieldDeclaration(FieldDeclaration):
    """
    Static array field declaration.
    """

    def __init__(self, element_type, length):
        """
        Creates a static array field declaration of *length*
        elements of type *element_type* (:class:`FieldDeclaration`).

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        self._ft = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_array_create(element_type._ft,
                                                       length)
        super().__init__()

    @property
    def element_type(self):
        """
        Type of the elements of this this static array (subclass of
        :class:`FieldDeclaration`).

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_array_get_element_type(self._ft)

        if ret is None:
            raise TypeError("Could not get Array element type")

        return FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(ret)

    @property
    def length(self):
        """
        Length of this static array (integer).

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_array_get_length(self._ft)

        if ret < 0:
            raise TypeError("Could not get Array length")

        return ret


class SequenceFieldDeclaration(FieldDeclaration):
    """
    Sequence (dynamic array) field declaration.
    """

    def __init__(self, element_type, length_field_name):
        """
        Creates a sequence field declaration of
        elements of type *element_type* (:class:`FieldDeclaration`).
        The length of a sequence field based on this sequence field
        declaration is obtained by retrieving the dynamic integer
        value of the field named *length_field_name*.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        self._ft = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_sequence_create(element_type._ft,
                                                          str(length_field_name))
        super().__init__()

    @property
    def element_type(self):
        """
        Type of the elements of this sequence (subclass of
        :class:`FieldDeclaration`).

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_sequence_get_element_type(self._ft)

        if ret is None:
            raise TypeError("Could not get Sequence element type")

        return FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(ret)

    @property
    def length_field_name(self):
        """
        Name of the integer field defining the dynamic length of
        sequence fields based on this sequence field declaration.

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_sequence_get_length_field_name(self._ft)

        if ret is None:
            raise TypeError("Could not get Sequence length field name")

        return ret


class StringFieldDeclaration(FieldDeclaration):
    """
    String (NULL-terminated array of bytes) field declaration.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Creates a string field declaration.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        self._ft = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_string_create()
        super().__init__()

    @property
    def encoding(self):
        """
        String encoding (one of
        :class:`babeltrace.common.CTFStringEncoding` constants).

        Set this attribute to change this string's encoding.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        return nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_string_get_encoding(self._ft)

    @encoding.setter
    def encoding(self, encoding):
        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_type_string_set_encoding(self._ft, encoding)
        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set string encoding.")


@staticmethod
def create_field(field_type):
    """
    Create an instance of a field.
    """
    isinst = isinstance(field_type, FieldDeclaration)

    if field_type is None or not isinst:
        raise TypeError("Invalid field_type. Type must be a FieldDeclaration-derived class.")

    if isinstance(field_type, IntegerFieldDeclaration):
        return IntegerField(field_type)
    elif isinstance(field_type, EnumerationFieldDeclaration):
        return EnumerationField(field_type)
    elif isinstance(field_type, FloatFieldDeclaration):
        return FloatingPointField(field_type)
    elif isinstance(field_type, StructureFieldDeclaration):
        return StructureField(field_type)
    elif isinstance(field_type, VariantFieldDeclaration):
        return VariantField(field_type)
    elif isinstance(field_type, ArrayFieldDeclaration):
        return ArrayField(field_type)
    elif isinstance(field_type, SequenceFieldDeclaration):
        return SequenceField(field_type)
    elif isinstance(field_type, StringFieldDeclaration):
        return StringField(field_type)


class Field:
    """
    Base class of all fields. This class is not meant to be
    instantiated by the user, and neither are its subclasses. Use
    :meth:`Event.payload` to access specific, concrete fields of
    an event.
    """

    def __init__(self, field_type):
        if not isinstance(field_type, FieldDeclaration):
            raise TypeError("Invalid field_type argument.")

        self._f = nbt._bt_ctf_field_create(field_type._ft)

        if self._f is None:
            raise ValueError("Field creation failed.")

    def __del__(self):
        nbt._bt_ctf_field_put(self._f)

    @staticmethod
    def _create_field_from_native_instance(native_field_instance):
        type_dict = {
            common.CTFTypeId.INTEGER: IntegerField,
            common.CTFTypeId.FLOAT: FloatingPointField,
            common.CTFTypeId.ENUM: EnumerationField,
            common.CTFTypeId.STRING: StringField,
            common.CTFTypeId.STRUCT: StructureField,
            common.CTFTypeId.VARIANT: VariantField,
            common.CTFTypeId.ARRAY: ArrayField,
            common.CTFTypeId.SEQUENCE: SequenceField
        }

        field_type = nbt._bt_python_get_field_type(native_field_instance)

        if field_type == common.CTFTypeId.UNKNOWN:
            raise TypeError("Invalid field instance")

        field = Field.__new__(Field)
        field._f = native_field_instance
        field.__class__ = type_dict[field_type]

        return field

    @property
    def declaration(self):
        """
        Field declaration (subclass of :class:`FieldDeclaration`).

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        native_field_type = nbt._bt_ctf_field_get_type(self._f)

        if native_field_type is None:
            raise TypeError("Invalid field instance")
        return FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(
            native_field_type)


class IntegerField(Field):
    """
    Integer field, based on an :class:`IntegerFieldDeclaration` object.
    """

    @property
    def value(self):
        """
        Integer value (:class:`int`).

        Set this attribute to change the integer field's value.

        :exc:`ValueError` or :exc:`TypeError` are raised on error.
        """

        signedness = nbt._bt_python_field_integer_get_signedness(self._f)

        if signedness < 0:
            raise TypeError("Invalid integer instance.")

        if signedness == 0:
            ret, value = nbt._bt_ctf_field_unsigned_integer_get_value(self._f)
        else:
            ret, value = nbt._bt_ctf_field_signed_integer_get_value(self._f)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not get integer field value.")

        return value

    @value.setter
    def value(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, int):
            raise TypeError("IntegerField's value must be an int")

        signedness = nbt._bt_python_field_integer_get_signedness(self._f)
        if signedness < 0:
            raise TypeError("Invalid integer instance.")

        if signedness == 0:
            ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_unsigned_integer_set_value(self._f, value)
        else:
            ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_signed_integer_set_value(self._f, value)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set integer field value.")


class EnumerationField(Field):
    """
    Enumeration field, based on an
    :class:`EnumerationFieldDeclaration` object.
    """

    @property
    def container(self):
        """
        Underlying container (:class:`IntegerField`).

        :exc:`TypeError` is raised on error.
        """

        container = IntegerField.__new__(IntegerField)
        container._f = nbt._bt_ctf_field_enumeration_get_container(self._f)

        if container._f is None:
            raise TypeError("Invalid enumeration field type.")

        return container

    @property
    def value(self):
        """
        Current label of this enumeration field (:class:`str`).

        Set this attribute to an integer (:class:`int`) to change the
        enumeration field's value.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        value = nbt._bt_ctf_field_enumeration_get_mapping_name(self._f)

        if value is None:
            raise ValueError("Could not get enumeration mapping name.")

        return value

    @value.setter
    def value(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, int):
            raise TypeError("EnumerationField value must be an int")

        self.container.value = value


class FloatingPointField(Field):
    """
    Floating point number field, based on a
    :class:`FloatingPointFieldDeclaration` object.
    """

    @property
    def value(self):
        """
        Floating point number value (:class:`float`).

        Set this attribute to change the floating point number field's
        value.

        :exc:`ValueError` or :exc:`TypeError` are raised on error.
        """

        ret, value = nbt._bt_ctf_field_floating_point_get_value(self._f)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not get floating point field value.")

        return value

    @value.setter
    def value(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, int) and not isinstance(value, float):
            raise TypeError("Value must be either a float or an int")

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_floating_point_set_value(self._f, float(value))

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set floating point field value.")


# oops!! This class is provided to ensure backward-compatibility since
# a stable release publicly exposed this abomination.
class FloatFieldingPoint(FloatingPointField):
    pass


class StructureField(Field):
    """
    Structure field, based on a
    :class:`StructureFieldDeclaration` object.
    """

    def field(self, field_name):
        """
        Returns the structure :class:`Field` named *field_name*.

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        native_instance = nbt._bt_ctf_field_structure_get_field(self._f,
                                                                str(field_name))

        if native_instance is None:
            raise ValueError("Invalid field_name provided.")

        return Field._create_field_from_native_instance(native_instance)


class VariantField(Field):
    """
    Variant field, based on a
    :class:`VariantFieldDeclaration` object.
    """

    def field(self, tag):
        """
        Returns the :class:`Field` selected by the current label of
        *tag* (:class:`EnumerationField`).

        :exc:`ValueError` is raised on error.
        """

        native_instance = nbt._bt_ctf_field_variant_get_field(self._f, tag._f)

        if native_instance is None:
            raise ValueError("Invalid tag provided.")

        return Field._create_field_from_native_instance(native_instance)


class ArrayField(Field):
    def field(self, index):
        """
        Return the array's field at position "index".
        """

        native_instance = nbt._bt_ctf_field_array_get_field(self._f, index)

        if native_instance is None:
            raise IndexError("Invalid index provided.")

        return Field._create_field_from_native_instance(native_instance)


class SequenceField(Field):
    @property
    def length(self):
        """
        Get the sequence's length field (IntegerField).
        """

        native_instance = nbt._bt_ctf_field_sequence_get_length(self._f)

        if native_instance is None:
            length = -1

        return Field._create_field_from_native_instance(native_instance)

    @length.setter
    def length(self, length_field):
        """
        Set the sequence's length field (IntegerField).
        """

        if not isinstance(length_field, IntegerField):
            raise TypeError("Invalid length field.")

        if length_field.declaration.signed:
            raise TypeError("Sequence field length must be unsigned")

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_sequence_set_length(self._f, length_field._f)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set sequence length.")

    def field(self, index):
        """
        Return the sequence's field at position "index".
        """

        native_instance = nbt._bt_ctf_field_sequence_get_field(self._f, index)

        if native_instance is None:
            raise ValueError("Could not get sequence element at index.")

        return Field._create_field_from_native_instance(native_instance)


class StringField(Field):
    @property
    def value(self):
        """
        Get a string field's value.
        """

        return nbt._bt_ctf_field_string_get_value(self._f)

    @value.setter
    def value(self, value):
        """
        Set a string field's value.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_field_string_set_value(self._f, str(value))

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set string field value.")


class EventClass:
    def __init__(self, name):
        """
        Create a new event class of the given name.
        """

        self._ec = nbt._bt_ctf_event_class_create(name)

        if self._ec is None:
            raise ValueError("Event class creation failed.")

    def __del__(self):
        nbt._bt_ctf_event_class_put(self._ec)

    def add_field(self, field_type, field_name):
        """
        Add a field of type "field_type" to the event class.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_event_class_add_field(self._ec, field_type._ft,
                                                str(field_name))

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not add field to event class.")

    @property
    def name(self):
        """
        Get the event class' name.
        """

        name = nbt._bt_ctf_event_class_get_name(self._ec)

        if name is None:
            raise TypeError("Could not get EventClass name")

        return name

    @property
    def id(self):
        """
        Get the event class' id. Returns a negative value if unset.
        """

        id = nbt._bt_ctf_event_class_get_id(self._ec)

        if id < 0:
            raise TypeError("Could not get EventClass id")

        return id

    @id.setter
    def id(self, id):
        """
        Set the event class' id. Throws a TypeError if the event class
        is already registered to a stream class.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_event_class_set_id(self._ec, id)

        if ret < 0:
            raise TypeError("Can't change an Event Class's id after it has been assigned to a stream class")

    @property
    def stream_class(self):
        """
        Get the event class' stream class. Returns None if unset.
        """
        stream_class_native = nbt._bt_ctf_event_class_get_stream_class(self._ec)

        if stream_class_native is None:
            return None

        stream_class = StreamClass.__new__(StreamClass)
        stream_class._sc = stream_class_native

        return stream_class

    @property
    def fields(self):
        """
        Generator returning the event class' fields as tuples of (field name, field declaration).
        """

        count = nbt._bt_ctf_event_class_get_field_count(self._ec)

        if count < 0:
            raise TypeError("Could not get EventClass' field count")

        for i in range(count):
            field_name = nbt._bt_python_ctf_event_class_get_field_name(self._ec, i)

            if field_name is None:
                msg = "Could not get EventClass' field name at index {}".format(i)
                raise TypeError(msg)

            field_type_native = nbt._bt_python_ctf_event_class_get_field_type(self._ec, i)

            if field_type_native is None:
                msg = "Could not get EventClass' field type at index {}".format(i)
                raise TypeError(msg)

            field_type = FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(field_type_native)
            yield (field_name, field_type)

    def get_field_by_name(self, name):
        """
        Get a field declaration by name (FieldDeclaration).
        """

        field_type_native = nbt._bt_ctf_event_class_get_field_by_name(self._ec, name)

        if field_type_native is None:
            msg = "Could not find EventClass field with name {}".format(name)
            raise TypeError(msg)

        return FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(field_type_native)


class Event:
    def __init__(self, event_class):
        """
        Create a new event of the given event class.
        """

        if not isinstance(event_class, EventClass):
            raise TypeError("Invalid event_class argument.")

        self._e = nbt._bt_ctf_event_create(event_class._ec)

        if self._e is None:
            raise ValueError("Event creation failed.")

    def __del__(self):
        nbt._bt_ctf_event_put(self._e)

    @property
    def event_class(self):
        """
        Get the event's class.
        """

        event_class_native = nbt._bt_ctf_event_get_class(self._e)

        if event_class_native is None:
            return None

        event_class = EventClass.__new__(EventClass)
        event_class._ec = event_class_native

        return event_class

    def clock(self):
        """
        Get a clock from event. Returns None if the event's class
        is not registered to a stream class.
        """

        clock_instance = nbt._bt_ctf_event_get_clock(self._e)

        if clock_instance is None:
            return None

        clock = Clock.__new__(Clock)
        clock._c = clock_instance

        return clock

    def payload(self, field_name):
        """
        Get a field from event.
        """

        native_instance = nbt._bt_ctf_event_get_payload(self._e,
                                                        str(field_name))

        if native_instance is None:
            raise ValueError("Could not get event payload.")

        return Field._create_field_from_native_instance(native_instance)

    def set_payload(self, field_name, value_field):
        """
        Set a manually created field as an event's payload.
        """

        if not isinstance(value, Field):
            raise TypeError("Invalid value type.")

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_event_set_payload(self._e, str(field_name),
                                            value_field._f)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set event field payload.")


class StreamClass:
    def __init__(self, name):
        """
        Create a new stream class of the given name.
        """

        self._sc = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_create(name)

        if self._sc is None:
            raise ValueError("Stream class creation failed.")

    def __del__(self):
        nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_put(self._sc)

    @property
    def name(self):
        """
        Get a stream class' name.
        """

        name = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_get_name(self._sc)

        if name is None:
            raise TypeError("Could not get StreamClass name")

        return name

    @property
    def clock(self):
        """
        Get a stream class' clock.
        """

        clock_instance = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_get_clock(self._sc)

        if clock_instance is None:
            return None

        clock = Clock.__new__(Clock)
        clock._c = clock_instance

        return clock

    @clock.setter
    def clock(self, clock):
        """
        Assign a clock to a stream class.
        """

        if not isinstance(clock, Clock):
            raise TypeError("Invalid clock type.")

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_set_clock(self._sc, clock._c)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set stream class clock.")

    @property
    def id(self):
        """
        Get a stream class' id.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_get_id(self._sc)

        if ret < 0:
            raise TypeError("Could not get StreamClass id")

        return ret

    @id.setter
    def id(self, id):
        """
        Assign an id to a stream class.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_set_id(self._sc, id)

        if ret < 0:
            raise TypeError("Could not set stream class id.")

    @property
    def event_classes(self):
        """
        Generator returning the stream class' event classes.
        """

        count = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_get_event_class_count(self._sc)

        if count < 0:
            raise TypeError("Could not get StreamClass' event class count")

        for i in range(count):
            event_class_native = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_get_event_class(self._sc, i)

            if event_class_native is None:
                msg = "Could not get StreamClass' event class at index {}".format(i)
                raise TypeError(msg)

            event_class = EventClass.__new__(EventClass)
            event_class._ec = event_class_native
            yield event_class

    def add_event_class(self, event_class):
        """
        Add an event class to a stream class. New events can be added even after a
        stream has been instantiated and events have been appended. However, a stream
        will not accept events of a class that has not been added to the stream
        class beforehand.
        """

        if not isinstance(event_class, EventClass):
            raise TypeError("Invalid event_class type.")

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_add_event_class(self._sc,
                                                       event_class._ec)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not add event class.")

    @property
    def packet_context_type(self):
        """
        Get the StreamClass' packet context type (StructureFieldDeclaration)
        """

        field_type_native = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_get_packet_context_type(self._sc)

        if field_type_native is None:
            raise ValueError("Invalid StreamClass")

        field_type = FieldDeclaration._create_field_declaration_from_native_instance(field_type_native)

        return field_type

    @packet_context_type.setter
    def packet_context_type(self, field_type):
        """
        Set a StreamClass' packet context type. Must be of type
        StructureFieldDeclaration.
        """

        if not isinstance(field_type, StructureFieldDeclaration):
            raise TypeError("field_type argument must be of type StructureFieldDeclaration.")

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_class_set_packet_context_type(self._sc,
                                                               field_type._ft)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Failed to set packet context type.")


class Stream:
    def __init__(self):
        raise NotImplementedError("Stream cannot be instantiated; use Writer.create_stream()")

    def __del__(self):
        nbt._bt_ctf_stream_put(self._s)

    @property
    def discarded_events(self):
        """
        Get a stream's discarded event count.
        """

        ret, count = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_get_discarded_events_count(self._s)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not get the stream's discarded events count")

        return count

    def append_discarded_events(self, event_count):
        """
        Increase the current packet's discarded event count.
        """

        nbt._bt_ctf_stream_append_discarded_events(self._s, event_count)

    def append_event(self, event):
        """
        Append "event" to the stream's current packet. The stream's associated clock
        will be sampled during this call. The event shall not be modified after
        being appended to a stream.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_append_event(self._s, event._e)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not append event to stream.")

    @property
    def packet_context(self):
        """
        Get a Stream's packet context field (a StructureField).
        """

        native_field = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_get_packet_context(self._s)

        if native_field is None:
            raise ValueError("Invalid Stream.")

        return Field._create_field_from_native_instance(native_field)

    @packet_context.setter
    def packet_context(self, field):
        """
        Set a Stream's packet context field (must be a StructureField).
        """

        if not isinstance(field, StructureField):
            raise TypeError("Argument field must be of type StructureField")

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_set_packet_context(self._s, field._f)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Invalid packet context field.")

    def flush(self):
        """
        The stream's current packet's events will be flushed to disk. Events
        subsequently appended to the stream will be added to a new packet.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_stream_flush(self._s)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not flush stream.")


class Writer:
    def __init__(self, path):
        """
        Create a new writer that will produce a trace in the given path.
        """

        self._w = nbt._bt_ctf_writer_create(path)

        if self._w is None:
            raise ValueError("Writer creation failed.")

    def __del__(self):
        nbt._bt_ctf_writer_put(self._w)

    def create_stream(self, stream_class):
        """
        Create a new stream instance and register it to the writer.
        """

        if not isinstance(stream_class, StreamClass):
            raise TypeError("Invalid stream_class type.")

        stream = Stream.__new__(Stream)
        stream._s = nbt._bt_ctf_writer_create_stream(self._w, stream_class._sc)

        return stream

    def add_environment_field(self, name, value):
        """
        Add an environment field to the trace.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_writer_add_environment_field(self._w, str(name),
                                                       str(value))

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not add environment field to trace.")

    def add_clock(self, clock):
        """
        Add a clock to the trace. Clocks assigned to stream classes must be
        registered to the writer.
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_writer_add_clock(self._w, clock._c)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not add clock to Writer.")

    @property
    def metadata(self):
        """
        Get the trace's TSDL meta-data.
        """

        return nbt._bt_ctf_writer_get_metadata_string(self._w)

    def flush_metadata(self):
        """
        Flush the trace's metadata to the metadata file.
        """

        nbt._bt_ctf_writer_flush_metadata(self._w)

    @property
    def byte_order(self):
        """
        Get the trace's byte order. Must be a constant from the ByteOrder
        class.
        """

        raise NotImplementedError("Getter not implemented.")

    @byte_order.setter
    def byte_order(self, byte_order):
        """
        Set the trace's byte order. Must be a constant from the ByteOrder
        class. Defaults to the host machine's endianness
        """

        ret = nbt._bt_ctf_writer_set_byte_order(self._w, byte_order)

        if ret < 0:
            raise ValueError("Could not set trace's byte order.")