-obj-y := i386_head.o boot.o
+obj-y := head_32.o boot.o
CFLAGS_boot.o := $(call cc-option, -fno-stack-protector)
--- /dev/null
+#include <linux/linkage.h>
+#include <linux/lguest.h>
+#include <asm/lguest_hcall.h>
+#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
+#include <asm/thread_info.h>
+#include <asm/processor-flags.h>
+
+/*G:020
+
+ * Our story starts with the bzImage: booting starts at startup_32 in
+ * arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S. This merely uncompresses the real
+ * kernel in place and then jumps into it: startup_32 in
+ * arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S. Both routines expects a boot header in the %esi
+ * register, which is created by the bootloader (the Launcher in our case).
+ *
+ * The startup_32 function does very little: it clears the uninitialized global
+ * C variables which we expect to be zero (ie. BSS) and then copies the boot
+ * header and kernel command line somewhere safe, and populates some initial
+ * page tables. Finally it checks the 'hardware_subarch' field. This was
+ * introduced in 2.6.24 for lguest and Xen: if it's set to '1' (lguest's
+ * assigned number), then it calls us here.
+ *
+ * WARNING: be very careful here! We're running at addresses equal to physical
+ * addresses (around 0), not above PAGE_OFFSET as most code expects
+ * (eg. 0xC0000000). Jumps are relative, so they're OK, but we can't touch any
+ * data without remembering to subtract __PAGE_OFFSET!
+ *
+ * The .section line puts this code in .init.text so it will be discarded after
+ * boot.
+ */
+.section .init.text, "ax", @progbits
+ENTRY(lguest_entry)
+ /*
+ * We make the "initialization" hypercall now to tell the Host where
+ * our lguest_data struct is.
+ */
+ movl $LHCALL_LGUEST_INIT, %eax
+ movl $lguest_data - __PAGE_OFFSET, %ebx
+ int $LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY
+
+ /* Now turn our pagetables on; setup by arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S. */
+ movl $LHCALL_NEW_PGTABLE, %eax
+ movl $(initial_page_table - __PAGE_OFFSET), %ebx
+ int $LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY
+
+ /* Set up the initial stack so we can run C code. */
+ movl $(init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE),%esp
+
+ /* Jumps are relative: we're running __PAGE_OFFSET too low. */
+ jmp lguest_init+__PAGE_OFFSET
+
+/*G:055
+ * We create a macro which puts the assembler code between lgstart_ and lgend_
+ * markers. These templates are put in the .text section: they can't be
+ * discarded after boot as we may need to patch modules, too.
+ */
+.text
+#define LGUEST_PATCH(name, insns...) \
+ lgstart_##name: insns; lgend_##name:; \
+ .globl lgstart_##name; .globl lgend_##name
+
+LGUEST_PATCH(cli, movl $0, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled)
+LGUEST_PATCH(pushf, movl lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled, %eax)
+
+/*G:033
+ * But using those wrappers is inefficient (we'll see why that doesn't matter
+ * for save_fl and irq_disable later). If we write our routines carefully in
+ * assembler, we can avoid clobbering any registers and avoid jumping through
+ * the wrapper functions.
+ *
+ * I skipped over our first piece of assembler, but this one is worth studying
+ * in a bit more detail so I'll describe in easy stages. First, the routine to
+ * enable interrupts:
+ */
+ENTRY(lg_irq_enable)
+ /*
+ * The reverse of irq_disable, this sets lguest_data.irq_enabled to
+ * X86_EFLAGS_IF (ie. "Interrupts enabled").
+ */
+ movl $X86_EFLAGS_IF, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
+ /*
+ * But now we need to check if the Host wants to know: there might have
+ * been interrupts waiting to be delivered, in which case it will have
+ * set lguest_data.irq_pending to X86_EFLAGS_IF. If it's not zero, we
+ * jump to send_interrupts, otherwise we're done.
+ */
+ testl $0, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_pending
+ jnz send_interrupts
+ /*
+ * One cool thing about x86 is that you can do many things without using
+ * a register. In this case, the normal path hasn't needed to save or
+ * restore any registers at all!
+ */
+ ret
+send_interrupts:
+ /*
+ * OK, now we need a register: eax is used for the hypercall number,
+ * which is LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS.
+ *
+ * We used not to bother with this pending detection at all, which was
+ * much simpler. Sooner or later the Host would realize it had to
+ * send us an interrupt. But that turns out to make performance 7
+ * times worse on a simple tcp benchmark. So now we do this the hard
+ * way.
+ */
+ pushl %eax
+ movl $LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS, %eax
+ /* This is the actual hypercall trap. */
+ int $LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY
+ /* Put eax back the way we found it. */
+ popl %eax
+ ret
+
+/*
+ * Finally, the "popf" or "restore flags" routine. The %eax register holds the
+ * flags (in practice, either X86_EFLAGS_IF or 0): if it's X86_EFLAGS_IF we're
+ * enabling interrupts again, if it's 0 we're leaving them off.
+ */
+ENTRY(lg_restore_fl)
+ /* This is just "lguest_data.irq_enabled = flags;" */
+ movl %eax, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
+ /*
+ * Now, if the %eax value has enabled interrupts and
+ * lguest_data.irq_pending is set, we want to tell the Host so it can
+ * deliver any outstanding interrupts. Fortunately, both values will
+ * be X86_EFLAGS_IF (ie. 512) in that case, and the "testl"
+ * instruction will AND them together for us. If both are set, we
+ * jump to send_interrupts.
+ */
+ testl lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_pending, %eax
+ jnz send_interrupts
+ /* Again, the normal path has used no extra registers. Clever, huh? */
+ ret
+/*:*/
+
+/* These demark the EIP range where host should never deliver interrupts. */
+.global lguest_noirq_start
+.global lguest_noirq_end
+
+/*M:004
+ * When the Host reflects a trap or injects an interrupt into the Guest, it
+ * sets the eflags interrupt bit on the stack based on lguest_data.irq_enabled,
+ * so the Guest iret logic does the right thing when restoring it. However,
+ * when the Host sets the Guest up for direct traps, such as system calls, the
+ * processor is the one to push eflags onto the stack, and the interrupt bit
+ * will be 1 (in reality, interrupts are always enabled in the Guest).
+ *
+ * This turns out to be harmless: the only trap which should happen under Linux
+ * with interrupts disabled is Page Fault (due to our lazy mapping of vmalloc
+ * regions), which has to be reflected through the Host anyway. If another
+ * trap *does* go off when interrupts are disabled, the Guest will panic, and
+ * we'll never get to this iret!
+:*/
+
+/*G:045
+ * There is one final paravirt_op that the Guest implements, and glancing at it
+ * you can see why I left it to last. It's *cool*! It's in *assembler*!
+ *
+ * The "iret" instruction is used to return from an interrupt or trap. The
+ * stack looks like this:
+ * old address
+ * old code segment & privilege level
+ * old processor flags ("eflags")
+ *
+ * The "iret" instruction pops those values off the stack and restores them all
+ * at once. The only problem is that eflags includes the Interrupt Flag which
+ * the Guest can't change: the CPU will simply ignore it when we do an "iret".
+ * So we have to copy eflags from the stack to lguest_data.irq_enabled before
+ * we do the "iret".
+ *
+ * There are two problems with this: firstly, we need to use a register to do
+ * the copy and secondly, the whole thing needs to be atomic. The first
+ * problem is easy to solve: push %eax on the stack so we can use it, and then
+ * restore it at the end just before the real "iret".
+ *
+ * The second is harder: copying eflags to lguest_data.irq_enabled will turn
+ * interrupts on before we're finished, so we could be interrupted before we
+ * return to userspace or wherever. Our solution to this is to surround the
+ * code with lguest_noirq_start: and lguest_noirq_end: labels. We tell the
+ * Host that it is *never* to interrupt us there, even if interrupts seem to be
+ * enabled.
+ */
+ENTRY(lguest_iret)
+ pushl %eax
+ movl 12(%esp), %eax
+lguest_noirq_start:
+ /*
+ * Note the %ss: segment prefix here. Normal data accesses use the
+ * "ds" segment, but that will have already been restored for whatever
+ * we're returning to (such as userspace): we can't trust it. The %ss:
+ * prefix makes sure we use the stack segment, which is still valid.
+ */
+ movl %eax,%ss:lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
+ popl %eax
+ iret
+lguest_noirq_end:
+++ /dev/null
-#include <linux/linkage.h>
-#include <linux/lguest.h>
-#include <asm/lguest_hcall.h>
-#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
-#include <asm/thread_info.h>
-#include <asm/processor-flags.h>
-
-/*G:020
-
- * Our story starts with the bzImage: booting starts at startup_32 in
- * arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S. This merely uncompresses the real
- * kernel in place and then jumps into it: startup_32 in
- * arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S. Both routines expects a boot header in the %esi
- * register, which is created by the bootloader (the Launcher in our case).
- *
- * The startup_32 function does very little: it clears the uninitialized global
- * C variables which we expect to be zero (ie. BSS) and then copies the boot
- * header and kernel command line somewhere safe, and populates some initial
- * page tables. Finally it checks the 'hardware_subarch' field. This was
- * introduced in 2.6.24 for lguest and Xen: if it's set to '1' (lguest's
- * assigned number), then it calls us here.
- *
- * WARNING: be very careful here! We're running at addresses equal to physical
- * addresses (around 0), not above PAGE_OFFSET as most code expects
- * (eg. 0xC0000000). Jumps are relative, so they're OK, but we can't touch any
- * data without remembering to subtract __PAGE_OFFSET!
- *
- * The .section line puts this code in .init.text so it will be discarded after
- * boot.
- */
-.section .init.text, "ax", @progbits
-ENTRY(lguest_entry)
- /*
- * We make the "initialization" hypercall now to tell the Host where
- * our lguest_data struct is.
- */
- movl $LHCALL_LGUEST_INIT, %eax
- movl $lguest_data - __PAGE_OFFSET, %ebx
- int $LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY
-
- /* Now turn our pagetables on; setup by arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S. */
- movl $LHCALL_NEW_PGTABLE, %eax
- movl $(initial_page_table - __PAGE_OFFSET), %ebx
- int $LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY
-
- /* Set up the initial stack so we can run C code. */
- movl $(init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE),%esp
-
- /* Jumps are relative: we're running __PAGE_OFFSET too low. */
- jmp lguest_init+__PAGE_OFFSET
-
-/*G:055
- * We create a macro which puts the assembler code between lgstart_ and lgend_
- * markers. These templates are put in the .text section: they can't be
- * discarded after boot as we may need to patch modules, too.
- */
-.text
-#define LGUEST_PATCH(name, insns...) \
- lgstart_##name: insns; lgend_##name:; \
- .globl lgstart_##name; .globl lgend_##name
-
-LGUEST_PATCH(cli, movl $0, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled)
-LGUEST_PATCH(pushf, movl lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled, %eax)
-
-/*G:033
- * But using those wrappers is inefficient (we'll see why that doesn't matter
- * for save_fl and irq_disable later). If we write our routines carefully in
- * assembler, we can avoid clobbering any registers and avoid jumping through
- * the wrapper functions.
- *
- * I skipped over our first piece of assembler, but this one is worth studying
- * in a bit more detail so I'll describe in easy stages. First, the routine to
- * enable interrupts:
- */
-ENTRY(lg_irq_enable)
- /*
- * The reverse of irq_disable, this sets lguest_data.irq_enabled to
- * X86_EFLAGS_IF (ie. "Interrupts enabled").
- */
- movl $X86_EFLAGS_IF, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
- /*
- * But now we need to check if the Host wants to know: there might have
- * been interrupts waiting to be delivered, in which case it will have
- * set lguest_data.irq_pending to X86_EFLAGS_IF. If it's not zero, we
- * jump to send_interrupts, otherwise we're done.
- */
- testl $0, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_pending
- jnz send_interrupts
- /*
- * One cool thing about x86 is that you can do many things without using
- * a register. In this case, the normal path hasn't needed to save or
- * restore any registers at all!
- */
- ret
-send_interrupts:
- /*
- * OK, now we need a register: eax is used for the hypercall number,
- * which is LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS.
- *
- * We used not to bother with this pending detection at all, which was
- * much simpler. Sooner or later the Host would realize it had to
- * send us an interrupt. But that turns out to make performance 7
- * times worse on a simple tcp benchmark. So now we do this the hard
- * way.
- */
- pushl %eax
- movl $LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS, %eax
- /* This is the actual hypercall trap. */
- int $LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY
- /* Put eax back the way we found it. */
- popl %eax
- ret
-
-/*
- * Finally, the "popf" or "restore flags" routine. The %eax register holds the
- * flags (in practice, either X86_EFLAGS_IF or 0): if it's X86_EFLAGS_IF we're
- * enabling interrupts again, if it's 0 we're leaving them off.
- */
-ENTRY(lg_restore_fl)
- /* This is just "lguest_data.irq_enabled = flags;" */
- movl %eax, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
- /*
- * Now, if the %eax value has enabled interrupts and
- * lguest_data.irq_pending is set, we want to tell the Host so it can
- * deliver any outstanding interrupts. Fortunately, both values will
- * be X86_EFLAGS_IF (ie. 512) in that case, and the "testl"
- * instruction will AND them together for us. If both are set, we
- * jump to send_interrupts.
- */
- testl lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_pending, %eax
- jnz send_interrupts
- /* Again, the normal path has used no extra registers. Clever, huh? */
- ret
-/*:*/
-
-/* These demark the EIP range where host should never deliver interrupts. */
-.global lguest_noirq_start
-.global lguest_noirq_end
-
-/*M:004
- * When the Host reflects a trap or injects an interrupt into the Guest, it
- * sets the eflags interrupt bit on the stack based on lguest_data.irq_enabled,
- * so the Guest iret logic does the right thing when restoring it. However,
- * when the Host sets the Guest up for direct traps, such as system calls, the
- * processor is the one to push eflags onto the stack, and the interrupt bit
- * will be 1 (in reality, interrupts are always enabled in the Guest).
- *
- * This turns out to be harmless: the only trap which should happen under Linux
- * with interrupts disabled is Page Fault (due to our lazy mapping of vmalloc
- * regions), which has to be reflected through the Host anyway. If another
- * trap *does* go off when interrupts are disabled, the Guest will panic, and
- * we'll never get to this iret!
-:*/
-
-/*G:045
- * There is one final paravirt_op that the Guest implements, and glancing at it
- * you can see why I left it to last. It's *cool*! It's in *assembler*!
- *
- * The "iret" instruction is used to return from an interrupt or trap. The
- * stack looks like this:
- * old address
- * old code segment & privilege level
- * old processor flags ("eflags")
- *
- * The "iret" instruction pops those values off the stack and restores them all
- * at once. The only problem is that eflags includes the Interrupt Flag which
- * the Guest can't change: the CPU will simply ignore it when we do an "iret".
- * So we have to copy eflags from the stack to lguest_data.irq_enabled before
- * we do the "iret".
- *
- * There are two problems with this: firstly, we need to use a register to do
- * the copy and secondly, the whole thing needs to be atomic. The first
- * problem is easy to solve: push %eax on the stack so we can use it, and then
- * restore it at the end just before the real "iret".
- *
- * The second is harder: copying eflags to lguest_data.irq_enabled will turn
- * interrupts on before we're finished, so we could be interrupted before we
- * return to userspace or wherever. Our solution to this is to surround the
- * code with lguest_noirq_start: and lguest_noirq_end: labels. We tell the
- * Host that it is *never* to interrupt us there, even if interrupts seem to be
- * enabled.
- */
-ENTRY(lguest_iret)
- pushl %eax
- movl 12(%esp), %eax
-lguest_noirq_start:
- /*
- * Note the %ss: segment prefix here. Normal data accesses use the
- * "ds" segment, but that will have already been restored for whatever
- * we're returning to (such as userspace): we can't trust it. The %ss:
- * prefix makes sure we use the stack segment, which is still valid.
- */
- movl %eax,%ss:lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
- popl %eax
- iret
-lguest_noirq_end:
projects / deliverable / linux.git / commitdiff
