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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+ <html>
+ <head><title>A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Expedited Grace Periods</title>
+ <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+
+<h2>Introduction</h2>
+
+This document describes RCU's expedited grace periods.
+Unlike RCU's normal grace periods, which accept long latencies to attain
+high efficiency and minimal disturbance, expedited grace periods accept
+lower efficiency and significant disturbance to attain shorter latencies.
+
+<p>
+There are three flavors of RCU (RCU-bh, RCU-preempt, and RCU-sched),
+but only two flavors of expedited grace periods because the RCU-bh
+expedited grace period maps onto the RCU-sched expedited grace period.
+Each of the remaining two implementations is covered in its own section.
+
+<ol>
+<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period Design">
+ Expedited Grace Period Design</a>
+<li> <a href="#RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods">
+ RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods</a>
+<li> <a href="#RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods">
+ RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods</a>
+<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug">
+ Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug</a>
+<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period Refinements">
+ Expedited Grace Period Refinements</a>
+</ol>
+
+At the end we have the inescapable
+<a href="#Answers to Quick Quizzes">answers to the quick quizzes</a>.
+
+<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period Design">
+Expedited Grace Period Design</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The expedited RCU grace periods cannot be accused of being subtle,
+given that they for all intents and purposes hammer every CPU that
+has not yet provided a quiescent state for the current expedited
+grace period.
+The one saving grace is that the hammer has grown a bit smaller
+over time: The old call to <tt>try_stop_cpus()</tt> has been
+replaced with a set of calls to <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt>,
+each of which results in an IPI to the target CPU.
+The corresponding handler function checks the CPU's state, motivating
+a faster quiescent state where possible, and triggering a report
+of that quiescent state.
+As always for RCU, once everything has spent some time in a quiescent
+state, the expedited grace period has completed.
+
+<p>
+The details of the <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt> handler's
+operation depend on the RCU flavor, as described in the following
+sections.
+
+<h2><a name="RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods">
+RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The overall flow of the handling of a given CPU by an RCU-preempt
+expedited grace period is shown in the following diagram:
+
+<p><img src="ExpRCUFlow.svg" alt="ExpRCUFlow.svg" width="55%">
+
+<p>
+The solid arrows denote direct action, for example, a function call.
+The dotted arrows denote indirect action, for example, an IPI
+or a state that is reached after some time.
+
+<p>
+If a given CPU is offline or idle, <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt>
+will ignore it because idle and offline CPUs are already residing
+in quiescent states.
+Otherwise, the expedited grace period will use
+<tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt> to send the CPU an IPI, which
+is handled by <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt>.
+
+<p>
+However, because this is preemptible RCU, <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt>
+can check to see if the CPU is currently running in an RCU read-side
+critical section.
+If not, the handler can immediately report a quiescent state.
+Otherwise, it sets flags so that the outermost <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt>
+invocation will provide the needed quiescent-state report.
+This flag-setting avoids the previous forced preemption of all
+CPUs that might have RCU read-side critical sections.
+In addition, this flag-setting is done so as to avoid increasing
+the overhead of the common-case fastpath through the scheduler.
+
+<p>
+Again because this is preemptible RCU, an RCU read-side critical section
+can be preempted.
+When that happens, RCU will enqueue the task, which will the continue to
+block the current expedited grace period until it resumes and finds its
+outermost <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt>.
+The CPU will report a quiescent state just after enqueuing the task because
+the CPU is no longer blocking the grace period.
+It is instead the preempted task doing the blocking.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ Why not just have the expedited grace period check the
+ state of all the CPUs?
+ After all, that would avoid all those real-time-unfriendly IPIs.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ Because we want the RCU read-side critical sections to run fast,
+ which means no memory barriers.
+ Therefore, it is not possible to safely check the state from some
+ other CPU.
+ And even if it was possible to safely check the state, it would
+ still be necessary to IPI the CPU to safely interact with the
+ upcoming <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> invocation, which means that
+ the remote state testing would not help the worst-case
+ latency that real-time applications care about.
+
+ <p><font color="ffffff">One way to prevent your real-time
+ application from getting hit with these IPIs is to
+ build your kernel with <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y</tt>.
+ RCU would then perceive the CPU running your application
+ as being idle, and it would be able to safely detect that
+ state without needing to IPI the CPU.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>
+Please note that this is just the overall flow:
+Additional complications can arise due to races with CPUs going idle
+or offline, among other things.
+
+<h2><a name="RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods">
+RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The overall flow of the handling of a given CPU by an RCU-sched
+expedited grace period is shown in the following diagram:
+
+<p><img src="ExpSchedFlow.svg" alt="ExpSchedFlow.svg" width="55%">
+
+<p>
+As with RCU-preempt's <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt>,
+<tt>synchronize_sched_expedited()</tt> ignores offline and
+idle CPUs, again because they are in remotely detectable
+quiescent states.
+However, the <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt> handler
+is <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt>, and because the
+<tt>rcu_read_lock_sched()</tt> and <tt>rcu_read_unlock_sched()</tt>
+leave no trace of their invocation, in general it is not possible to tell
+whether or not the current CPU is in an RCU read-side critical section.
+The best that <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> can do is to check
+for idle, on the off-chance that the CPU went idle while the IPI
+was in flight.
+If the CPU is idle, then tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> reports
+the quiescent state.
+
+<p>
+Otherwise, the handler invokes <tt>resched_cpu()</tt>, which forces
+a future context switch.
+At the time of the context switch, the CPU reports the quiescent state.
+Should the CPU go offline first, it will report the quiescent state
+at that time.
+
+<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug">
+Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The expedited nature of expedited grace periods require a much tighter
+interaction with CPU hotplug operations than is required for normal
+grace periods.
+In addition, attempting to IPI offline CPUs will result in splats, but
+failing to IPI online CPUs can result in too-short grace periods.
+Neither option is acceptable in production kernels.
+
+<p>
+The interaction between expedited grace periods and CPU hotplug operations
+is carried out at several levels:
+
+<ol>
+<li> The number of CPUs that have ever been online is tracked
+ by the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->ncpus</tt>
+ field.
+ The <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->ncpus_snap</tt>
+ field tracks the number of CPUs that have ever been online
+ at the beginning of an RCU expedited grace period.
+<li> The identities of the CPUs that have ever been online is
+ tracked by the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
+ <tt>->expmaskinitnext</tt> field.
+ The <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinit</tt>
+ field tracks the identities of the CPUs that were online
+ at least once at the beginning of the most recent RCU
+ expedited grace period.
+ The <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->ncpus</tt> and
+ <tt>->ncpus_snap</tt> fields are used to detect when
+ new CPUs have come online for the first time, that is,
+ when the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinitnext</tt>
+ field has changed since the beginning of the last RCU
+ expedited grace period, which triggers an update of each
+ <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinit</tt>
+ field from its <tt>->expmaskinitnext</tt> field.
+<li> Each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinit</tt>
+ field is used to initialize that structure's
+ <tt>->expmask</tt> at the beginning of each RCU
+ expedited grace period.
+ This means that only those CPUs that have been online at least
+ once will be considered for a given grace period.
+<li> Any CPU that goes offline will clear its bit in its leaf
+ <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->qsmaskinitnext</tt>
+ field, so any CPU with that bit clear can safely be ignored.
+ However, it is possible for a CPU coming online or going offline
+ to have this bit set for some time while <tt>cpu_online</tt>
+ returns <tt>false</tt>.
+<li> For each non-idle CPU that RCU believes is currently online, the grace
+ period invokes <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt>.
+ If this succeeds, the CPU was fully online.
+ Failure indicates that the CPU is in the process of coming online
+ or going offline, in which case it is necessary to wait for a
+ short time period and try again.
+ a concurrent CPU-hotplug operation to complete.
+<li> In the case of RCU-sched, one of the last acts of an outgoing CPU
+ is to invoke <tt>rcu_report_dead()</tt>, which
+ reports a quiescent state for that CPU.
+ However, this is likely paranoia-induced redundancy. <!-- @@@ -->
+</ol>
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ Why all the dancing around with multiple counters and masks
+ tracking CPUs that were once online?
+ Why not just have a single set of masks tracking the currently
+ online CPUs and be done with it?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ Maintaining single set of masks tracking the online CPUs <i>sounds</i>
+ easier, at least until you try working out all the race conditions
+ between grace-period initialization and CPU-hotplug operations.
+ For example, suppose initialization is progressing down the
+ tree while a CPU-offline operation is progressing up the tree.
+ This situation can result in bits set at the top of the tree
+ that have no counterparts at the bottom of the tree.
+ Those bits will never be cleared, which will result in
+ grace-period hangs.
+ In short, that way lies madness, to say nothing of a great many
+ bugs, hangs, and deadlocks.
+
+ <p><font color="ffffff">
+ In contrast, the current multi-mask multi-counter scheme ensures
+ that grace-period initialization will always see consistent masks
+ up and down the tree, which brings significant simplifications
+ over the single-mask method.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period Refinements">
+Expedited Grace Period Refinements</a></h2>
+
+<ol>
+<li> <a href="#Idle-CPU Checks">Idle-CPU checks</a>.
+<li> <a href="#Batching via Sequence Counter">
+ Batching via sequence counter</a>.
+<li> <a href="#Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup">
+ Funnel locking and wait/wakeup</a>.
+<li> <a href="#Use of Workqueues">Use of Workqueues</a>.
+<li> <a href="#Stall Warnings">Stall warnings</a>.
+</ol>
+
+<h3><a name="Idle-CPU Checks">Idle-CPU Checks</a></h3>
+
+<p>@@@
+
+<h3><a name="Batching via Sequence Counter">
+Batching via Sequence Counter</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+If each grace-period request was carried out separately, expedited
+grace periods would have abysmal scalability and high-load characteristics.
+Because each grace-period operation can serve an unlimited number of
+updates, it is important to <i>batch</i> requests, so that a single
+expedited grace-period operation will cover all requests in the
+corresponding batch.
+
+<p>
+This batching is controlled by a sequence counter named
+<tt>->expedited_sequence</tt> in the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure.
+This counter has an odd value when there is an expedited grace period
+in progress and an even value otherwise, so that dividing the counter
+value by two gives the number of completed grace periods.
+During any given update request, the counter must transition from
+even to odd and then back to even, thus indicating that a grace
+period has elapsed.
+Therefore, if the initial value of the counter is <tt>s</tt>,
+the updater must wait until the counter reaches at least the
+value <tt>(s+3)&~0x1</tt>.
+
+<p>
+Again, only one request in a given batch need actually carry out
+a grace-period operation, which means that the rest need some way
+to efficiently wait for that grace period to complete.
+However, that is the topic of the next section.
+
+<h3><a name="Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup">
+Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The natural way to sort out which of a batch of updaters will initiate
+the expedited grace period is to use the <tt>rcu_node</tt> combining
+tree.
+The first updater corresponding to a given grace period arriving
+at a given <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure records its desired grace-period
+sequence number in the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field and move up
+to the next level in the tree.
+Otherwise, if the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field already contains
+the sequence number for the desire grace period or some later one,
+the updater blocks on one of four wait queues in the
+<tt>->exp_wq[]</tt> array, using the second-from-bottom
+and third-from bottom bits as an index.
+An <tt>->exp_lock</tt> field in the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure
+synchronizes access to these fields.
+
+<p>
+An empty <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree is shown in the following diagram,
+with the white cells representing the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field
+and the red cells representing the elements of the
+<tt>->exp_wq[]</tt> array.
+
+<p><img src="Funnel0.svg" alt="Funnel0.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+The next diagram shows the situation after the arrival of Task A
+and Task B at the leftmost and rightmost leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structures, respectively.
+The current value of the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's
+<tt>->expedited_sequence</tt> field is zero, so adding three and
+clearing the bottom bit results in the value two, which both tasks
+record in the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field of their respective
+<tt>rcu_node</tt> structures:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel1.svg" alt="Funnel1.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Each of Tasks A and B will move up to the root
+<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
+Suppose that Task A wins, recording its desired grace-period sequence
+number and resulting in the state shown below:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel2.svg" alt="Funnel2.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Task A now advances to initiate a new grace period, while Task B
+moves up to the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, and, seeing that
+its desired sequence number is already recorded, blocks on
+<tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt>.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ Why <tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt>?
+ Given that the value of these tasks' desired sequence number is
+ two, so shouldn't they instead block on <tt>->exp_wq[2]</tt>?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ No.
+
+ <p><font color="ffffff">
+ Recall that the bottom bit of the desired sequence number indicates
+ whether or not a grace period is currently in progress.
+ It is therefore necessary to shift the sequence number right one
+ bit position to obtain the number of the grace period.
+ This results in <tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt>.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>
+If Tasks C and D also arrive at this point, they will compute the
+same desired grace-period sequence number, and see that both leaf
+<tt>rcu_node</tt> structures already have that value recorded.
+They will therefore block on their respective <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structures' <tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt> fields, as shown below:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel3.svg" alt="Funnel3.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Task A now acquires the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's
+<tt>->exp_mutex</tt> and initiates the grace period, which
+increments <tt>->expedited_sequence</tt>.
+Therefore, if Tasks E and F arrive, they will compute
+a desired sequence number of 4 and will record this value as
+shown below:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel4.svg" alt="Funnel4.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Tasks E and F will propagate up the <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+combining tree, with Task F blocking on the root <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structure and Task E wait for Task A to finish so that
+it can start the next grace period.
+The resulting state is as shown below:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel5.svg" alt="Funnel5.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Once the grace period completes, Task A
+starts waking up the tasks waiting for this grace period to complete,
+increments the <tt>->expedited_sequence</tt>,
+acquires the <tt>->exp_wake_mutex</tt> and then releases the
+<tt>->exp_mutex</tt>.
+This results in the following state:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel6.svg" alt="Funnel6.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Task E can then acquire <tt>->exp_mutex</tt> and increment
+<tt>->expedited_sequence</tt> to the value three.
+If new tasks G and H arrive and moves up the combining tree at the
+same time, the state will be as follows:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel7.svg" alt="Funnel7.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Note that three of the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
+waitqueues are now occupied.
+However, at some point, Task A will wake up the
+tasks blocked on the <tt>->exp_wq</tt> waitqueues, resulting
+in the following state:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel8.svg" alt="Funnel8.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Execution will continue with Tasks E and H completing
+their grace periods and carrying out their wakeups.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ What happens if Task A takes so long to do its wakeups
+ that Task E's grace period completes?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ Then Task E will block on the <tt>->exp_wake_mutex</tt>,
+ which will also prevent it from releasing <tt>-gt;exp_mutex</tt>,
+ which in turn will prevent the next grace period from starting.
+ This last is important in preventing overflow of the
+ <tt>->exp_wq[]</tt> array.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<h3><a name="Use of Workqueues">Use of Workqueues</a></h3>
+
+<h3><a name="Stall Warnings">Stall Warnings</a></h3>
+
+<p>@@@
+
+Includes overlapping wakeup phase with next expedited grace period.
+
+<h3><a name="Summary">
+Summary</a></h3>
+
+<p>@@@
+
+</body></html>
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variant of <tt>call_rcu()</tt> that might one day be created for
energy-efficiency purposes.
+<p>
+That said, there are limits.
+RCU requires that the <tt>rcu_head</tt> structure be aligned to a
+two-byte boundary, and passing a misaligned <tt>rcu_head</tt>
+structure to one of the <tt>call_rcu()</tt> family of functions
+will result in a splat.
+It is therefore necessary to exercise caution when packing
+structures containing fields of type <tt>rcu_head</tt>.
+Why not a four-byte or even eight-byte alignment requirement?
+Because the m68k architecture provides only two-byte alignment,
+and thus acts as alignment's least common denominator.
+
+<p>
+The reason for reserving the bottom bit of pointers to
+<tt>rcu_head</tt> structures is to leave the door open to
+“lazy” callbacks whose invocations can safely be deferred.
+Deferring invocation could potentially have energy-efficiency
+benefits, but only if the rate of non-lazy callbacks decreases
+significantly for some important workload.
+In the meantime, reserving the bottom bit keeps this option open
+in case it one day becomes useful.
+
<h3><a name="Performance, Scalability, Response Time, and Reliability">
Performance, Scalability, Response Time, and Reliability</a></h3>
command (perhaps grepping for "torture"). The test is started
when the module is loaded, and stops when the module is unloaded.
-CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE
-
-It is also possible to specify CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST=y, which will
-result in the tests being loaded into the base kernel. In this case,
-the CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE config option is used to specify
-whether the RCU torture tests are to be started immediately during
-boot or whether the /proc/sys/kernel/rcutorture_runnable file is used
-to enable them. This /proc file can be used to repeatedly pause and
-restart the tests, regardless of the initial state specified by the
-CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE config option.
-
-You will normally -not- want to start the RCU torture tests during boot
-(and thus the default is CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE=n), but doing
-this can sometimes be useful in finding boot-time bugs.
-
MODULE PARAMETERS
void lkdtm_HUNG_TASK(void);
void lkdtm_ATOMIC_UNDERFLOW(void);
void lkdtm_ATOMIC_OVERFLOW(void);
+void lkdtm_CORRUPT_LIST_ADD(void);
+void lkdtm_CORRUPT_LIST_DEL(void);
/* lkdtm_heap.c */
void lkdtm_OVERWRITE_ALLOCATION(void);
* test source files.
*/
#include "lkdtm.h"
+#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
+struct lkdtm_list {
+ struct list_head node;
+};
+
/*
* Make sure our attempts to over run the kernel stack doesn't trigger
* a compiler warning when CONFIG_FRAME_WARN is set. Then make sure we
pr_info("attempting bad atomic overflow\n");
atomic_inc(&over);
}
+
+void lkdtm_CORRUPT_LIST_ADD(void)
+{
+ /*
+ * Initially, an empty list via LIST_HEAD:
+ * test_head.next = &test_head
+ * test_head.prev = &test_head
+ */
+ LIST_HEAD(test_head);
+ struct lkdtm_list good, bad;
+ void *target[2] = { };
+ void *redirection = ⌖
+
+ pr_info("attempting good list addition\n");
+
+ /*
+ * Adding to the list performs these actions:
+ * test_head.next->prev = &good.node
+ * good.node.next = test_head.next
+ * good.node.prev = test_head
+ * test_head.next = good.node
+ */
+ list_add(&good.node, &test_head);
+
+ pr_info("attempting corrupted list addition\n");
+ /*
+ * In simulating this "write what where" primitive, the "what" is
+ * the address of &bad.node, and the "where" is the address held
+ * by "redirection".
+ */
+ test_head.next = redirection;
+ list_add(&bad.node, &test_head);
+
+ if (target[0] == NULL && target[1] == NULL)
+ pr_err("Overwrite did not happen, but no BUG?!\n");
+ else
+ pr_err("list_add() corruption not detected!\n");
+}
+
+void lkdtm_CORRUPT_LIST_DEL(void)
+{
+ LIST_HEAD(test_head);
+ struct lkdtm_list item;
+ void *target[2] = { };
+ void *redirection = ⌖
+
+ list_add(&item.node, &test_head);
+
+ pr_info("attempting good list removal\n");
+ list_del(&item.node);
+
+ pr_info("attempting corrupted list removal\n");
+ list_add(&item.node, &test_head);
+
+ /* As with the list_add() test above, this corrupts "next". */
+ item.node.next = redirection;
+ list_del(&item.node);
+
+ if (target[0] == NULL && target[1] == NULL)
+ pr_err("Overwrite did not happen, but no BUG?!\n");
+ else
+ pr_err("list_del() corruption not detected!\n");
+}
CRASHTYPE(EXCEPTION),
CRASHTYPE(LOOP),
CRASHTYPE(OVERFLOW),
+ CRASHTYPE(CORRUPT_LIST_ADD),
+ CRASHTYPE(CORRUPT_LIST_DEL),
CRASHTYPE(CORRUPT_STACK),
CRASHTYPE(UNALIGNED_LOAD_STORE_WRITE),
CRASHTYPE(OVERWRITE_ALLOCATION),
}
#endif /* CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG */
+
+/*
+ * Since detected data corruption should stop operation on the affected
+ * structures, this returns false if the corruption condition is found.
+ */
+#define CHECK_DATA_CORRUPTION(condition, fmt, ...) \
+ do { \
+ if (unlikely(condition)) { \
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION)) { \
+ pr_err(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+ BUG(); \
+ } else \
+ WARN(1, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+ return false; \
+ } \
+ } while (0)
+
#endif /* _LINUX_BUG_H */
list->prev = list;
}
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST
+extern bool __list_add_valid(struct list_head *new,
+ struct list_head *prev,
+ struct list_head *next);
+extern bool __list_del_entry_valid(struct list_head *entry);
+#else
+static inline bool __list_add_valid(struct list_head *new,
+ struct list_head *prev,
+ struct list_head *next)
+{
+ return true;
+}
+static inline bool __list_del_entry_valid(struct list_head *entry)
+{
+ return true;
+}
+#endif
+
/*
* Insert a new entry between two known consecutive entries.
*
* This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
* the prev/next entries already!
*/
-#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST
static inline void __list_add(struct list_head *new,
struct list_head *prev,
struct list_head *next)
{
+ if (!__list_add_valid(new, prev, next))
+ return;
+
next->prev = new;
new->next = next;
new->prev = prev;
WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, new);
}
-#else
-extern void __list_add(struct list_head *new,
- struct list_head *prev,
- struct list_head *next);
-#endif
/**
* list_add - add a new entry
* Note: list_empty() on entry does not return true after this, the entry is
* in an undefined state.
*/
-#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST
static inline void __list_del_entry(struct list_head *entry)
{
+ if (!__list_del_entry_valid(entry))
+ return;
+
__list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
}
static inline void list_del(struct list_head *entry)
{
- __list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
+ __list_del_entry(entry);
entry->next = LIST_POISON1;
entry->prev = LIST_POISON2;
}
-#else
-extern void __list_del_entry(struct list_head *entry);
-extern void list_del(struct list_head *entry);
-#endif
/**
* list_replace - replace old entry by new one
*
* Note that if the list is empty, it returns NULL.
*/
-#define list_first_entry_or_null(ptr, type, member) \
- (!list_empty(ptr) ? list_first_entry(ptr, type, member) : NULL)
+#define list_first_entry_or_null(ptr, type, member) ({ \
+ struct list_head *head__ = (ptr); \
+ struct list_head *pos__ = READ_ONCE(head__->next); \
+ pos__ != head__ ? list_entry(pos__, type, member) : NULL; \
+})
/**
* list_next_entry - get the next element in list
* This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
* the prev/next entries already!
*/
-#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST
static inline void __list_add_rcu(struct list_head *new,
struct list_head *prev, struct list_head *next)
{
+ if (!__list_add_valid(new, prev, next))
+ return;
+
new->next = next;
new->prev = prev;
rcu_assign_pointer(list_next_rcu(prev), new);
next->prev = new;
}
-#else
-void __list_add_rcu(struct list_head *new,
- struct list_head *prev, struct list_head *next);
-#endif
/**
* list_add_rcu - add a new entry to rcu-protected list
void rcu_bh_qs(void);
void rcu_check_callbacks(int user);
void rcu_report_dead(unsigned int cpu);
+void rcu_cpu_starting(unsigned int cpu);
#ifndef CONFIG_TINY_RCU
void rcu_end_inkernel_boot(void);
#define TORTURE_FLAG "-torture:"
#define TOROUT_STRING(s) \
- pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG s "\n", torture_type)
+ pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG " %s\n", torture_type, s)
#define VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING(s) \
do { if (verbose) pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG " %s\n", torture_type, s); } while (0)
#define VERBOSE_TOROUT_ERRSTRING(s) \
struct cpuhp_cpu_state *st = per_cpu_ptr(&cpuhp_state, cpu);
enum cpuhp_state target = min((int)st->target, CPUHP_AP_ONLINE);
+ rcu_cpu_starting(cpu); /* Enables RCU usage on this CPU. */
while (st->state < target) {
st->state++;
cpuhp_invoke_callback(cpu, st->state, true, NULL);
obj-y += update.o sync.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SRCU) += srcu.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) += rcutorture.o
obj-$(CONFIG_RCU_PERF_TEST) += rcuperf.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) += rcutorture.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TREE_RCU) += tree.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU) += tree.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TREE_RCU_TRACE) += tree_trace.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TINY_RCU) += tiny.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_WAKE_TORTURE_TEST) += waketorture.o
#define PERF_FLAG "-perf:"
#define PERFOUT_STRING(s) \
- pr_alert("%s" PERF_FLAG s "\n", perf_type)
+ pr_alert("%s" PERF_FLAG " %s\n", perf_type, s)
#define VERBOSE_PERFOUT_STRING(s) \
do { if (verbose) pr_alert("%s" PERF_FLAG " %s\n", perf_type, s); } while (0)
#define VERBOSE_PERFOUT_ERRSTRING(s) \
sp.sched_priority = 0;
sched_setscheduler_nocheck(current,
SCHED_NORMAL, &sp);
- pr_alert("%s" PERF_FLAG
- "rcu_perf_writer %ld has %d measurements\n",
- perf_type, me, MIN_MEAS);
+ pr_alert("%s%s rcu_perf_writer %ld has %d measurements\n",
+ perf_type, PERF_FLAG, me, MIN_MEAS);
if (atomic_inc_return(&n_rcu_perf_writer_finished) >=
nrealwriters) {
schedule_timeout_interruptible(10);
long pipesummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
long batchsummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
static unsigned long rtcv_snap = ULONG_MAX;
+ struct task_struct *wtp;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc),
atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail),
atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_free));
- pr_cont("rtmbe: %d rtbke: %ld rtbre: %ld ",
+ pr_cont("rtmbe: %d rtbe: %ld rtbke: %ld rtbre: %ld ",
atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror),
+ n_rcu_torture_barrier_error,
n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror,
n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror);
pr_cont("rtbf: %ld rtb: %ld nt: %ld ",
rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype,
&flags, &gpnum, &completed);
- pr_alert("??? Writer stall state %s(%d) g%lu c%lu f%#x\n",
+ wtp = READ_ONCE(writer_task);
+ pr_alert("??? Writer stall state %s(%d) g%lu c%lu f%#x ->state %#lx\n",
rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
rcu_torture_writer_state,
- gpnum, completed, flags);
+ gpnum, completed, flags,
+ wtp == NULL ? ~0UL : wtp->state);
show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
}
onoff_interval, onoff_holdoff);
}
-static void rcutorture_booster_cleanup(int cpu)
+static int rcutorture_booster_cleanup(unsigned int cpu)
{
struct task_struct *t;
if (boost_tasks[cpu] == NULL)
- return;
+ return 0;
mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
t = boost_tasks[cpu];
boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
/* This must be outside of the mutex, otherwise deadlock! */
torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_boost, t);
+ return 0;
}
-static int rcutorture_booster_init(int cpu)
+static int rcutorture_booster_init(unsigned int cpu)
{
int retval;
}
}
-static int rcutorture_cpu_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
- unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
-{
- long cpu = (long)hcpu;
-
- switch (action & ~CPU_TASKS_FROZEN) {
- case CPU_ONLINE:
- case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
- (void)rcutorture_booster_init(cpu);
- break;
- case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE:
- rcutorture_booster_cleanup(cpu);
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- return NOTIFY_OK;
-}
-
-static struct notifier_block rcutorture_cpu_nb = {
- .notifier_call = rcutorture_cpu_notify,
-};
+static enum cpuhp_state rcutor_hp;
static void
rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
for (i = 0; i < ncbflooders; i++)
torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_cbflood, cbflood_task[i]);
if ((test_boost == 1 && cur_ops->can_boost) ||
- test_boost == 2) {
- unregister_cpu_notifier(&rcutorture_cpu_nb);
- for_each_possible_cpu(i)
- rcutorture_booster_cleanup(i);
- }
+ test_boost == 2)
+ cpuhp_remove_state(rcutor_hp);
/*
* Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire, then do flavor-specific
test_boost == 2) {
boost_starttime = jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ;
- register_cpu_notifier(&rcutorture_cpu_nb);
- for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
- if (cpu_is_offline(i))
- continue; /* Heuristic: CPU can go offline. */
- firsterr = rcutorture_booster_init(i);
- if (firsterr)
- goto unwind;
- }
+
+ firsterr = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "RCU_TORTURE",
+ rcutorture_booster_init,
+ rcutorture_booster_cleanup);
+ if (firsterr < 0)
+ goto unwind;
+ rcutor_hp = firsterr;
}
firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, rcu_torture_cleanup);
if (firsterr)
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
-#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include "tree.h"
#include "rcu.h"
-MODULE_ALIAS("rcutree");
#ifdef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
#undef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
#endif
if (!rcu_kick_kthreads)
return;
j = READ_ONCE(rsp->jiffies_kick_kthreads);
- if (time_after(jiffies, j) && rsp->gp_kthread) {
+ if (time_after(jiffies, j) && rsp->gp_kthread &&
+ (rcu_gp_in_progress(rsp) || READ_ONCE(rsp->gp_flags))) {
WARN_ONCE(1, "Kicking %s grace-period kthread\n", rsp->name);
rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
wake_up_process(rsp->gp_kthread);
struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
bool ret;
+ bool need_gp;
/* Handle the ends of any preceding grace periods first. */
if (rdp->completed == rnp->completed &&
*/
rdp->gpnum = rnp->gpnum;
trace_rcu_grace_period(rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, TPS("cpustart"));
- rdp->cpu_no_qs.b.norm = true;
+ need_gp = !!(rnp->qsmask & rdp->grpmask);
+ rdp->cpu_no_qs.b.norm = need_gp;
rdp->rcu_qs_ctr_snap = __this_cpu_read(rcu_qs_ctr);
- rdp->core_needs_qs = !!(rnp->qsmask & rdp->grpmask);
+ rdp->core_needs_qs = need_gp;
zero_cpu_stall_ticks(rdp);
WRITE_ONCE(rdp->gpwrap, false);
}
WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_gp_in_progress(rsp));
WRITE_ONCE(rsp->gp_flags, READ_ONCE(rsp->gp_flags) | RCU_GP_FLAG_FQS);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rcu_get_root(rsp), flags);
- swake_up(&rsp->gp_wq); /* Memory barrier implied by swake_up() path. */
+ rcu_gp_kthread_wake(rsp);
}
/*
* Also schedule RCU core processing.
*
* This function must be called from hardirq context. It is normally
- * invoked from the scheduling-clock interrupt. If rcu_pending returns
- * false, there is no point in invoking rcu_check_callbacks().
+ * invoked from the scheduling-clock interrupt.
*/
void rcu_check_callbacks(int user)
{
}
WRITE_ONCE(rsp->gp_flags, READ_ONCE(rsp->gp_flags) | RCU_GP_FLAG_FQS);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp_old, flags);
- swake_up(&rsp->gp_wq); /* Memory barrier implied by swake_up() path. */
+ rcu_gp_kthread_wake(rsp);
}
/*
unsigned long flags;
struct rcu_data *rdp;
- WARN_ON_ONCE((unsigned long)head & 0x1); /* Misaligned rcu_head! */
+ /* Misaligned rcu_head! */
+ WARN_ON_ONCE((unsigned long)head & (sizeof(void *) - 1));
+
if (debug_rcu_head_queue(head)) {
/* Probable double call_rcu(), so leak the callback. */
WRITE_ONCE(head->func, rcu_leak_callback);
}
head->func = func;
head->next = NULL;
-
- /*
- * Opportunistically note grace-period endings and beginnings.
- * Note that we might see a beginning right after we see an
- * end, but never vice versa, since this CPU has to pass through
- * a quiescent state betweentimes.
- */
local_irq_save(flags);
rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda);
rnp = rdp->mynode;
mask = rdp->grpmask;
raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs already disabled. */
- rnp->qsmaskinitnext |= mask;
- rnp->expmaskinitnext |= mask;
if (!rdp->beenonline)
WRITE_ONCE(rsp->ncpus, READ_ONCE(rsp->ncpus) + 1);
rdp->beenonline = true; /* We have now been online. */
return 0;
}
+/*
+ * Mark the specified CPU as being online so that subsequent grace periods
+ * (both expedited and normal) will wait on it. Note that this means that
+ * incoming CPUs are not allowed to use RCU read-side critical sections
+ * until this function is called. Failing to observe this restriction
+ * will result in lockdep splats.
+ */
+void rcu_cpu_starting(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+ unsigned long mask;
+ struct rcu_data *rdp;
+ struct rcu_node *rnp;
+ struct rcu_state *rsp;
+
+ for_each_rcu_flavor(rsp) {
+ rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda);
+ rnp = rdp->mynode;
+ mask = rdp->grpmask;
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+ rnp->qsmaskinitnext |= mask;
+ rnp->expmaskinitnext |= mask;
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+ }
+}
+
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
/*
* The CPU is exiting the idle loop into the arch_cpu_idle_dead()
* or the scheduler are operational.
*/
pm_notifier(rcu_pm_notify, 0);
- for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
rcutree_prepare_cpu(cpu);
+ rcu_cpu_starting(cpu);
+ }
}
#include "tree_exp.h"
#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ
struct rcu_head oom_head;
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ */
+ atomic_long_t exp_workdone0; /* # done by workqueue. */
atomic_long_t exp_workdone1; /* # done by others #1. */
atomic_long_t exp_workdone2; /* # done by others #2. */
atomic_long_t exp_workdone3; /* # done by others #3. */
struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = &per_cpu(rcu_dynticks, cpu);
if (raw_smp_processor_id() == cpu ||
- !(atomic_add_return(0, &rdtp->dynticks) & 0x1))
+ !(atomic_add_return(0, &rdtp->dynticks) & 0x1) ||
+ !(rnp->qsmaskinitnext & rdp->grpmask))
mask_ofl_test |= rdp->grpmask;
}
mask_ofl_ipi = rnp->expmask & ~mask_ofl_test;
mask_ofl_ipi &= ~mask;
continue;
}
- /* Failed, raced with offline. */
+ /* Failed, raced with CPU hotplug operation. */
raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
- if (cpu_online(cpu) &&
+ if ((rnp->qsmaskinitnext & mask) &&
(rnp->expmask & mask)) {
+ /* Online, so delay for a bit and try again. */
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
- if (cpu_online(cpu) &&
- (rnp->expmask & mask))
- goto retry_ipi;
- raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+ goto retry_ipi;
}
+ /* CPU really is offline, so we can ignore it. */
if (!(rnp->expmask & mask))
mask_ofl_ipi &= ~mask;
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
jiffies_stall);
if (ret > 0 || sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp_root))
return;
- if (ret < 0) {
- /* Hit a signal, disable CPU stall warnings. */
- swait_event(rsp->expedited_wq,
- sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp_root));
- return;
- }
+ WARN_ON(ret < 0); /* workqueues should not be signaled. */
+ if (rcu_cpu_stall_suppress)
+ continue;
+ panic_on_rcu_stall();
pr_err("INFO: %s detected expedited stalls on CPUs/tasks: {",
rsp->name);
ndetected = 0;
* next GP, to proceed.
*/
mutex_lock(&rsp->exp_wake_mutex);
- mutex_unlock(&rsp->exp_mutex);
rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) {
if (ULONG_CMP_LT(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_seq_rq), s)) {
mutex_unlock(&rsp->exp_wake_mutex);
}
+/* Let the workqueue handler know what it is supposed to do. */
+struct rcu_exp_work {
+ smp_call_func_t rew_func;
+ struct rcu_state *rew_rsp;
+ unsigned long rew_s;
+ struct work_struct rew_work;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Work-queue handler to drive an expedited grace period forward.
+ */
+static void wait_rcu_exp_gp(struct work_struct *wp)
+{
+ struct rcu_exp_work *rewp;
+
+ /* Initialize the rcu_node tree in preparation for the wait. */
+ rewp = container_of(wp, struct rcu_exp_work, rew_work);
+ sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus(rewp->rew_rsp, rewp->rew_func);
+
+ /* Wait and clean up, including waking everyone. */
+ rcu_exp_wait_wake(rewp->rew_rsp, rewp->rew_s);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given an rcu_state pointer and a smp_call_function() handler, kick
+ * off the specified flavor of expedited grace period.
+ */
+static void _synchronize_rcu_expedited(struct rcu_state *rsp,
+ smp_call_func_t func)
+{
+ struct rcu_data *rdp;
+ struct rcu_exp_work rew;
+ struct rcu_node *rnp;
+ unsigned long s;
+
+ /* If expedited grace periods are prohibited, fall back to normal. */
+ if (rcu_gp_is_normal()) {
+ wait_rcu_gp(rsp->call);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* Take a snapshot of the sequence number. */
+ s = rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap(rsp);
+ if (exp_funnel_lock(rsp, s))
+ return; /* Someone else did our work for us. */
+
+ /* Marshall arguments and schedule the expedited grace period. */
+ rew.rew_func = func;
+ rew.rew_rsp = rsp;
+ rew.rew_s = s;
+ INIT_WORK_ONSTACK(&rew.rew_work, wait_rcu_exp_gp);
+ schedule_work(&rew.rew_work);
+
+ /* Wait for expedited grace period to complete. */
+ rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, raw_smp_processor_id());
+ rnp = rcu_get_root(rsp);
+ wait_event(rnp->exp_wq[(s >> 1) & 0x3],
+ sync_exp_work_done(rsp,
+ &rdp->exp_workdone0, s));
+
+ /* Let the next expedited grace period start. */
+ mutex_unlock(&rsp->exp_mutex);
+}
+
/**
* synchronize_sched_expedited - Brute-force RCU-sched grace period
*
*/
void synchronize_sched_expedited(void)
{
- unsigned long s;
struct rcu_state *rsp = &rcu_sched_state;
/* If only one CPU, this is automatically a grace period. */
if (rcu_blocking_is_gp())
return;
- /* If expedited grace periods are prohibited, fall back to normal. */
- if (rcu_gp_is_normal()) {
- wait_rcu_gp(call_rcu_sched);
- return;
- }
-
- /* Take a snapshot of the sequence number. */
- s = rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap(rsp);
- if (exp_funnel_lock(rsp, s))
- return; /* Someone else did our work for us. */
-
- /* Initialize the rcu_node tree in preparation for the wait. */
- sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus(rsp, sync_sched_exp_handler);
-
- /* Wait and clean up, including waking everyone. */
- rcu_exp_wait_wake(rsp, s);
+ _synchronize_rcu_expedited(rsp, sync_sched_exp_handler);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synchronize_sched_expedited);
void synchronize_rcu_expedited(void)
{
struct rcu_state *rsp = rcu_state_p;
- unsigned long s;
-
- /* If expedited grace periods are prohibited, fall back to normal. */
- if (rcu_gp_is_normal()) {
- wait_rcu_gp(call_rcu);
- return;
- }
-
- s = rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap(rsp);
- if (exp_funnel_lock(rsp, s))
- return; /* Someone else did our work for us. */
-
- /* Initialize the rcu_node tree in preparation for the wait. */
- sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus(rsp, sync_rcu_exp_handler);
- /* Wait for ->blkd_tasks lists to drain, then wake everyone up. */
- rcu_exp_wait_wake(rsp, s);
+ _synchronize_rcu_expedited(rsp, sync_rcu_exp_handler);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synchronize_rcu_expedited);
cl++;
c++;
local_bh_enable();
+ cond_resched_rcu_qs();
list = next;
}
trace_rcu_batch_end(rdp->rsp->name, c, !!list, 0, 0, 1);
int cpu;
struct rcu_state *rsp = (struct rcu_state *)m->private;
struct rcu_data *rdp;
- unsigned long s1 = 0, s2 = 0, s3 = 0;
+ unsigned long s0 = 0, s1 = 0, s2 = 0, s3 = 0;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
+ s0 += atomic_long_read(&rdp->exp_workdone0);
s1 += atomic_long_read(&rdp->exp_workdone1);
s2 += atomic_long_read(&rdp->exp_workdone2);
s3 += atomic_long_read(&rdp->exp_workdone3);
}
- seq_printf(m, "s=%lu wd1=%lu wd2=%lu wd3=%lu n=%lu enq=%d sc=%lu\n",
- rsp->expedited_sequence, s1, s2, s3,
+ seq_printf(m, "s=%lu wd0=%lu wd1=%lu wd2=%lu wd3=%lu n=%lu enq=%d sc=%lu\n",
+ rsp->expedited_sequence, s0, s1, s2, s3,
atomic_long_read(&rsp->expedited_normal),
atomic_read(&rsp->expedited_need_qs),
rsp->expedited_sequence / 2);
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
-#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/tick.h>
#include "rcu.h"
-MODULE_ALIAS("rcupdate");
#ifdef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
#undef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+ * Specific stress-testing of wakeup logic in the presence of hotplug
+ * operations.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, you can access it online at
+ * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2016
+ *
+ * Author: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
+ */
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/smp.h>
+#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/atomic.h>
+#include <linux/bitops.h>
+#include <linux/completion.h>
+#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
+#include <linux/percpu.h>
+#include <linux/notifier.h>
+#include <linux/reboot.h>
+#include <linux/freezer.h>
+#include <linux/cpu.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+#include <linux/srcu.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/trace_clock.h>
+#include <asm/byteorder.h>
+#include <linux/torture.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>");
+
+
+torture_param(int, nwaiters, -1, "Number of timed-wait threads");
+torture_param(int, onoff_holdoff, 0, "Time after boot before CPU hotplugs (s)");
+torture_param(int, onoff_interval, 0,
+ "Time between CPU hotplugs (jiffies), 0=disable");
+torture_param(int, shutdown_secs, 0, "Shutdown time (s), <= zero to disable.");
+torture_param(int, stat_interval, 60,
+ "Number of seconds between stats printk()s");
+torture_param(bool, verbose, true,
+ "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
+torture_param(int, wait_duration, 127,
+ "Number of microseconds to wait each iteration");
+torture_param(int, wait_grace, 20,
+ "Number of jiffies before complaining about long wait");
+
+static char *torture_type = "sh";
+module_param(torture_type, charp, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of wait to torture (sti, stui, ...)");
+
+static int nrealwaiters;
+static struct task_struct **waiter_tasks;
+static struct task_struct *stats_task;
+static struct task_struct *onoff_task;
+
+/* Yes, these cache-thrash, and it is inherent to the concurrency design. */
+static bool *waiter_done; /* Waiter is done, don't wake. */
+static unsigned long *waiter_iter; /* Number of wait iterations. */
+static bool *waiter_cts; /* Waiter already checked. */
+static unsigned long *waiter_kicks; /* Number of waiter starvations. */
+static unsigned long *waiter_ts; /* Jiffies last run. */
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(waiter_mutex);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, waiter_cputime); /* Nanoseconds. */
+static u64 starttime;
+
+static int onoff_cpu = -1;
+static long n_offline_attempts;
+static long n_offline_successes;
+static unsigned long sum_offline;
+static int min_offline = -1;
+static int max_offline;
+static long n_online_attempts;
+static long n_online_successes;
+static unsigned long sum_online;
+static int min_online = -1;
+static int max_online;
+
+static int torture_runnable = IS_ENABLED(MODULE);
+module_param(torture_runnable, int, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_runnable, "Start waketorture at boot");
+
+/*
+ * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
+ */
+
+struct wake_torture_ops {
+ void (*wait)(void);
+ const char *name;
+};
+
+static struct wake_torture_ops *cur_ops;
+
+/*
+ * Definitions for schedule_hrtimeout() torture testing.
+ */
+
+static void wait_schedule_hrtimeout(void)
+{
+ ktime_t wait = ns_to_ktime(wait_duration * 1000);
+
+ set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+ schedule_hrtimeout(&wait, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
+}
+
+static struct wake_torture_ops sh_ops = {
+ .wait = wait_schedule_hrtimeout,
+ .name = "sh"
+};
+
+/*
+ * Definitions for schedule_timeout_interruptible() torture testing.
+ */
+
+static void wait_schedule_timeout_interruptible(void)
+{
+ schedule_timeout_interruptible((wait_duration + 999) / 1000);
+}
+
+static struct wake_torture_ops sti_ops = {
+ .wait = wait_schedule_timeout_interruptible,
+ .name = "sti"
+};
+
+/*
+ * Definitions for schedule_timeout_uninterruptible() torture testing.
+ */
+
+static void wait_schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(void)
+{
+ schedule_timeout_uninterruptible((wait_duration + 999) / 1000);
+}
+
+static struct wake_torture_ops stui_ops = {
+ .wait = wait_schedule_timeout_uninterruptible,
+ .name = "stui"
+};
+
+/*
+ * Has the specified waiter thread run recently?
+ */
+static bool kthread_ran_recently(int tnum)
+{
+ smp_mb(); /* Ensure waiter_cts[] read before waiter_ts[]. [A] */
+ return time_before(READ_ONCE(waiter_ts[tnum]), jiffies + wait_grace);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wakeup torture fake writer kthread. Repeatedly calls sync, with a random
+ * delay between calls.
+ */
+static int wake_torture_waiter(void *arg)
+{
+ int i;
+ long me = (long)arg;
+ u64 ts;
+
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("wake_torture_waiter task started");
+ set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
+
+ preempt_disable();
+ ts = trace_clock_local();
+ do {
+ waiter_ts[me] = jiffies;
+ smp_mb(); /* Ensure waiter_ts[] written before waiter_cts[]. */
+ /* Pairs with [A]. */
+ waiter_cts[me] = false;
+ __this_cpu_add(waiter_cputime, trace_clock_local() - ts);
+ preempt_enable();
+ cur_ops->wait();
+ preempt_disable();
+ ts = trace_clock_local();
+ waiter_iter[me]++;
+ for (i = 0; i < nrealwaiters; i++) {
+ if (waiter_done[i] ||
+ waiter_cts[i] ||
+ kthread_ran_recently(i))
+ continue;
+ if (!mutex_trylock(&waiter_mutex)) {
+ break; /* Keep lock contention to dull roar. */
+ } else if (waiter_done[i] ||
+ waiter_cts[i] ||
+ kthread_ran_recently(i)) {
+ mutex_unlock(&waiter_mutex);
+ } else {
+ waiter_cts[i] = true;
+ waiter_kicks[i]++;
+ pr_alert("%s%s wake_torture_waiter(): P%d (%#lx) failing to awaken!\n",
+ torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG,
+ waiter_tasks[i]->pid,
+ waiter_tasks[i]->state);
+ rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
+ wake_up_process(waiter_tasks[i]);
+ mutex_unlock(&waiter_mutex);
+ }
+ }
+ __this_cpu_add(waiter_cputime, trace_clock_local() - ts);
+ preempt_enable();
+ torture_shutdown_absorb("wake_torture_waiter");
+ preempt_disable();
+ ts = trace_clock_local();
+ } while (!torture_must_stop());
+ __this_cpu_add(waiter_cputime, trace_clock_local() - ts);
+ preempt_enable();
+ mutex_lock(&waiter_mutex);
+ waiter_done[me] = true;
+ mutex_unlock(&waiter_mutex);
+ torture_kthread_stopping("wake_torture_waiter");
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find a hotpluggable CPU and repeatedly take it online and offline.
+ */
+static int wake_torture_onoff(void *args)
+{
+ cpumask_var_t cm;
+ int cpu;
+ int i;
+
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("wake_torture_onoff task started");
+ if (onoff_holdoff > 0) {
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("wake_torture_onoff begin holdoff");
+ schedule_timeout_interruptible(onoff_holdoff * HZ);
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("wake_torture_onoff end holdoff");
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Find the last hotpluggable CPU, and affinity the waiter
+ * tasks elsewhere.
+ */
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
+ if (cpu_is_hotpluggable(cpu))
+ onoff_cpu = cpu;
+ }
+ if (onoff_cpu < 0) {
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("wake_torture_onoff: no hotpluggable CPUs!");
+ if (shutdown_secs > 0) {
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("wake_torture_onoff: Shutting down");
+ kernel_power_off();
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("wake_torture_onoff: Survived kernel_power_off()?");
+ }
+ }
+ pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG " wake_torture_onoff: onoff_cpu: %d\n", torture_type, onoff_cpu);
+ if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&cm, GFP_KERNEL)) {
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("wake_torture_onoff: Out of memory, no affinity");
+ } else {
+ cpumask_copy(cm, cpu_online_mask);
+ cpumask_clear_cpu(onoff_cpu, cm);
+ if (cpumask_weight(cm) == 0)
+ cpumask_setall(cm);
+ for (i = 0; i < nrealwaiters; i++)
+ set_cpus_allowed_ptr(waiter_tasks[i], cm);
+ }
+
+ /* Cycle the victim CPU online and offline! */
+ while (!torture_must_stop() && onoff_cpu >= 0) {
+ if (!torture_offline(onoff_cpu,
+ &n_offline_attempts, &n_offline_successes,
+ &sum_offline, &min_offline, &max_offline))
+ torture_online(onoff_cpu,
+ &n_online_attempts, &n_online_successes,
+ &sum_online, &min_online, &max_online);
+ schedule_timeout_interruptible(onoff_interval);
+ }
+ torture_kthread_stopping("wake_torture_onoff");
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initiate waketorture-specific online-offline handling, which
+ * focuses on a single CPU.
+ */
+static int wake_torture_onoff_init(void)
+{
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU))
+ return ret;
+ if (onoff_interval <= 0)
+ return 0;
+ ret = torture_create_kthread(wake_torture_onoff, NULL, onoff_task);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clean up after waketorture-specific online-offline handling.
+ */
+static void wake_torture_onoff_cleanup(void)
+{
+ if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU))
+ return;
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Stopping wake_torture_onoff task");
+ kthread_stop(onoff_task);
+ onoff_task = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print torture statistics. Caller must ensure that there is only one
+ * call to this function at a given time!!! This is normally accomplished
+ * by relying on the module system to only have one copy of the module
+ * loaded, and then by giving the wake_torture_stats kthread full control
+ * (or the init/cleanup functions when wake_torture_stats thread is not
+ * running).
+ *
+ * Note that some care is required because this can be called once during
+ * cleanup processing after a failed startup attempt.
+ */
+static void
+wake_torture_stats_print(void)
+{
+ int i;
+ bool tardy = false;
+ u64 timediff;
+ u64 timetot;
+
+ if (!waiter_done || !waiter_iter || !waiter_cts ||
+ !waiter_kicks || !waiter_ts) {
+ TOROUT_STRING("Partial initialization, no stats print.\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ for (i = 0; i < nrealwaiters; i++)
+ if (waiter_kicks[i]) {
+ if (!tardy)
+ pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG " Tardy kthreads:",
+ torture_type);
+ tardy = true;
+ pr_cont(" P%d%c: %lud/%lu",
+ waiter_tasks && waiter_tasks[i]
+ ? waiter_tasks[i]->pid
+ : -1,
+ "!."[kthread_ran_recently(i)],
+ waiter_kicks[i], waiter_iter[i]);
+ }
+ if (tardy)
+ pr_cont("\n");
+ else
+ TOROUT_STRING(" No tardy kthreads");
+ timediff = (trace_clock_global() - starttime) / 1000;
+ timetot = 0;
+ for_each_possible_cpu(i)
+ timetot += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(waiter_cputime, i));
+ timetot /= nr_cpu_ids;
+ timetot /= timediff;
+ pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG " timediff: %llu utilization: %llu.%llu nr_cpu_ids: %d onoff: %ld/%ld:%ld/%ld %d,%d:%d,%d %lu:%lu (HZ=%d)\n",
+ torture_type, timediff,
+ timetot / 1000ULL, timetot % 1000ULL, nr_cpu_ids,
+ n_online_successes, n_online_attempts,
+ n_offline_successes, n_offline_attempts,
+ min_online, max_online,
+ min_offline, max_offline,
+ sum_online, sum_offline, HZ);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Periodically prints torture statistics, if periodic statistics printing
+ * was specified via the stat_interval module parameter.
+ */
+static int
+wake_torture_stats(void *arg)
+{
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("wake_torture_stats task started");
+ do {
+ schedule_timeout_interruptible(stat_interval * HZ);
+ wake_torture_stats_print();
+ torture_shutdown_absorb("wake_torture_stats");
+ } while (!torture_must_stop());
+ torture_kthread_stopping("wake_torture_stats");
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void
+wake_torture_print_module_parms(struct wake_torture_ops *cur_ops,
+ const char *tag)
+{
+ pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
+ "--- %s: nwaiters=%d onoff_holdoff=%d onoff_interval=%d shutdown_secs=%d stat_interval=%d verbose=%d wait_duration=%d wait_grace=%d\n",
+ torture_type, tag,
+ nrealwaiters, onoff_holdoff, onoff_interval,
+ shutdown_secs, stat_interval, verbose,
+ wait_duration, wait_grace);
+}
+
+static void
+wake_torture_cleanup(void)
+{
+ int i;
+ bool success;
+
+ (void)torture_cleanup_begin();
+
+ if (onoff_task)
+ wake_torture_onoff_cleanup();
+
+ if (waiter_tasks) {
+ for (i = 0; i < nrealwaiters; i++)
+ torture_stop_kthread(wake_torture_waiter,
+ waiter_tasks[i]);
+ kfree(waiter_tasks);
+ }
+
+ torture_stop_kthread(wake_torture_stats, stats_task);
+
+ wake_torture_stats_print(); /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
+
+ success = !!waiter_kicks;
+ for (i = 0; i < nrealwaiters; i++)
+ if (!success || waiter_kicks[i]) {
+ success = false;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ kfree(waiter_done);
+ kfree(waiter_iter);
+ kfree(waiter_cts);
+ kfree(waiter_kicks);
+ kfree(waiter_ts);
+
+ wake_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops,
+ success ? "End of test: SUCCESS"
+ : "End of test: FAILURE");
+ torture_cleanup_end();
+}
+
+static int __init
+wake_torture_init(void)
+{
+ int i;
+ int firsterr = 0;
+ static struct wake_torture_ops *torture_ops[] = {
+ &sh_ops, &sti_ops, &stui_ops
+ };
+
+ if (!torture_init_begin(torture_type, verbose, &torture_runnable))
+ return -EBUSY;
+ starttime = trace_clock_global();
+
+ /* Process args and tell the world that the torturer is on the job. */
+ for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++) {
+ cur_ops = torture_ops[i];
+ if (strcmp(torture_type, cur_ops->name) == 0)
+ break;
+ }
+ if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops)) {
+ pr_alert("wake-torture: invalid torture type: \"%s\"\n",
+ torture_type);
+ pr_alert("wake-torture types:");
+ for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++)
+ pr_alert(" %s", torture_ops[i]->name);
+ pr_alert("\n");
+ firsterr = -EINVAL;
+ goto unwind;
+ }
+
+ if (nwaiters >= 0) {
+ nrealwaiters = nwaiters;
+ } else {
+ nrealwaiters = num_online_cpus() - 2 - nwaiters;
+ if (nrealwaiters <= 0)
+ nrealwaiters = 1;
+ }
+ wake_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "Start of test");
+
+ /* Initialize the statistics so that each run gets its own numbers. */
+
+ waiter_done = kcalloc(nrealwaiters, sizeof(*waiter_done), GFP_KERNEL);
+ waiter_iter = kcalloc(nrealwaiters, sizeof(*waiter_iter), GFP_KERNEL);
+ waiter_cts = kcalloc(nrealwaiters, sizeof(*waiter_cts), GFP_KERNEL);
+ waiter_kicks = kcalloc(nrealwaiters, sizeof(*waiter_kicks), GFP_KERNEL);
+ waiter_ts = kcalloc(nrealwaiters, sizeof(*waiter_ts), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!waiter_done || !waiter_iter || !waiter_cts || !waiter_kicks ||
+ !waiter_ts) {
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
+ firsterr = -ENOMEM;
+ goto unwind;
+ }
+
+ /* Start up the kthreads. */
+
+ waiter_tasks = kcalloc(nrealwaiters, sizeof(waiter_tasks[0]),
+ GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!waiter_tasks) {
+ VERBOSE_TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
+ firsterr = -ENOMEM;
+ goto unwind;
+ }
+ for (i = 0; i < nrealwaiters; i++) {
+ firsterr = torture_create_kthread(wake_torture_waiter,
+ NULL, waiter_tasks[i]);
+ if (firsterr)
+ goto unwind;
+ }
+ if (stat_interval > 0) {
+ firsterr = torture_create_kthread(wake_torture_stats, NULL,
+ stats_task);
+ if (firsterr)
+ goto unwind;
+ }
+ firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, wake_torture_cleanup);
+ if (firsterr)
+ goto unwind;
+ firsterr = wake_torture_onoff_init();
+ if (firsterr)
+ goto unwind;
+ torture_init_end();
+ return 0;
+
+unwind:
+ torture_init_end();
+ wake_torture_cleanup();
+ return firsterr;
+}
+
+module_init(wake_torture_init);
+module_exit(wake_torture_cleanup);
* If needed we can still optimize that later with an
* empty IRQ.
*/
+ if (cpu_is_offline(cpu))
+ return true; /* Don't try to wake offline CPUs. */
if (tick_nohz_full_cpu(cpu)) {
if (cpu != smp_processor_id() ||
tick_nohz_tick_stopped())
return false;
}
+/*
+ * Wake up the specified CPU. If the CPU is going offline, it is the
+ * caller's responsibility to deal with the lost wakeup, for example,
+ * by hooking into the CPU_DEAD notifier like timers and hrtimers do.
+ */
void wake_up_nohz_cpu(int cpu)
{
if (!wake_up_full_nohz_cpu(cpu))
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/trace_clock.h>
+#include <linux/ktime.h>
#include <asm/byteorder.h>
#include <linux/torture.h>
* Variables for auto-shutdown. This allows "lights out" torture runs
* to be fully scripted.
*/
-static int shutdown_secs; /* desired test duration in seconds. */
static struct task_struct *shutdown_task;
-static unsigned long shutdown_time; /* jiffies to system shutdown. */
+static ktime_t shutdown_time; /* time to system shutdown. */
static void (*torture_shutdown_hook)(void);
/*
*/
static int torture_shutdown(void *arg)
{
- long delta;
- unsigned long jiffies_snap;
+ ktime_t ktime_snap;
VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_shutdown task started");
- jiffies_snap = jiffies;
- while (ULONG_CMP_LT(jiffies_snap, shutdown_time) &&
+ ktime_snap = ktime_get();
+ while (ktime_before(ktime_snap, shutdown_time) &&
!torture_must_stop()) {
- delta = shutdown_time - jiffies_snap;
if (verbose)
pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
- "torture_shutdown task: %lu jiffies remaining\n",
- torture_type, delta);
- schedule_timeout_interruptible(delta);
- jiffies_snap = jiffies;
+ "torture_shutdown task: %llu ms remaining\n",
+ torture_type,
+ ktime_ms_delta(shutdown_time, ktime_snap));
+ set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+ schedule_hrtimeout(&shutdown_time, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
+ ktime_snap = ktime_get();
}
if (torture_must_stop()) {
torture_kthread_stopping("torture_shutdown");
{
int ret = 0;
- shutdown_secs = ssecs;
torture_shutdown_hook = cleanup;
- if (shutdown_secs > 0) {
- shutdown_time = jiffies + shutdown_secs * HZ;
+ if (ssecs > 0) {
+ shutdown_time = ktime_add(ktime_get(), ktime_set(ssecs, 0));
ret = torture_create_kthread(torture_shutdown, NULL,
shutdown_task);
}
config DEBUG_LIST
bool "Debug linked list manipulation"
- depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
+ depends on DEBUG_KERNEL || BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION
help
Enable this to turn on extended checks in the linked-list
walking routines.
config RCU_PERF_TEST
tristate "performance tests for RCU"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
+ depends on !UML
select TORTURE_TEST
select SRCU
select TASKS_RCU
config RCU_TORTURE_TEST
tristate "torture tests for RCU"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
+ depends on !UML
select TORTURE_TEST
select SRCU
select TASKS_RCU
This option specifies the number of jiffies to wait between
each rcu_node structure cleanup operation.
+config WAKE_TORTURE_TEST
+ tristate "Torture test for wakeups and CPU hotplug"
+ depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
+ depends on 64BIT
+ depends on TRACE_CLOCK
+ select TORTURE_TEST
+ default n
+ help
+ This option provides a kernel module that runs torture tests
+ on wakeups from timed waits in the presence of CPU hotplug.
+ The kernel module may be built after the fact on the running
+ kernel to be tested, if desired.
+
+ Say Y here if you want wakeup torture tests to be built into
+ the kernel.
+ Say M if you want the wakeup torture tests to build as a module.
+ Say N if you are unsure.
+
config RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT
int "RCU CPU stall timeout in seconds"
depends on RCU_STALL_COMMON
If unsure, say N.
+config BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION
+ bool "Trigger a BUG when data corruption is detected"
+ select DEBUG_LIST
+ help
+ Select this option if the kernel should BUG when it encounters
+ data corruption in kernel memory structures when they get checked
+ for validity.
+
+ If unsure, say N.
+
source "samples/Kconfig"
source "lib/Kconfig.kgdb"
* Copyright 2006, Red Hat, Inc., Dave Jones
* Released under the General Public License (GPL).
*
- * This file contains the linked list implementations for
- * DEBUG_LIST.
+ * This file contains the linked list validation for DEBUG_LIST.
*/
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/rculist.h>
/*
- * Insert a new entry between two known consecutive entries.
- *
- * This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
- * the prev/next entries already!
+ * Check that the data structures for the list manipulations are reasonably
+ * valid. Failures here indicate memory corruption (and possibly an exploit
+ * attempt).
*/
-void __list_add(struct list_head *new,
- struct list_head *prev,
- struct list_head *next)
+bool __list_add_valid(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *prev,
+ struct list_head *next)
{
- WARN(next->prev != prev,
- "list_add corruption. next->prev should be "
- "prev (%p), but was %p. (next=%p).\n",
+ CHECK_DATA_CORRUPTION(next->prev != prev,
+ "list_add corruption. next->prev should be prev (%p), but was %p. (next=%p).\n",
prev, next->prev, next);
- WARN(prev->next != next,
- "list_add corruption. prev->next should be "
- "next (%p), but was %p. (prev=%p).\n",
+ CHECK_DATA_CORRUPTION(prev->next != next,
+ "list_add corruption. prev->next should be next (%p), but was %p. (prev=%p).\n",
next, prev->next, prev);
- WARN(new == prev || new == next,
- "list_add double add: new=%p, prev=%p, next=%p.\n",
- new, prev, next);
- next->prev = new;
- new->next = next;
- new->prev = prev;
- WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, new);
+ CHECK_DATA_CORRUPTION(new == prev || new == next,
+ "list_add double add: new=%p, prev=%p, next=%p.\n",
+ new, prev, next);
+
+ return true;
}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(__list_add);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__list_add_valid);
-void __list_del_entry(struct list_head *entry)
+bool __list_del_entry_valid(struct list_head *entry)
{
struct list_head *prev, *next;
prev = entry->prev;
next = entry->next;
- if (WARN(next == LIST_POISON1,
+ CHECK_DATA_CORRUPTION(next == LIST_POISON1,
"list_del corruption, %p->next is LIST_POISON1 (%p)\n",
- entry, LIST_POISON1) ||
- WARN(prev == LIST_POISON2,
+ entry, LIST_POISON1);
+ CHECK_DATA_CORRUPTION(prev == LIST_POISON2,
"list_del corruption, %p->prev is LIST_POISON2 (%p)\n",
- entry, LIST_POISON2) ||
- WARN(prev->next != entry,
- "list_del corruption. prev->next should be %p, "
- "but was %p\n", entry, prev->next) ||
- WARN(next->prev != entry,
- "list_del corruption. next->prev should be %p, "
- "but was %p\n", entry, next->prev))
- return;
-
- __list_del(prev, next);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(__list_del_entry);
+ entry, LIST_POISON2);
+ CHECK_DATA_CORRUPTION(prev->next != entry,
+ "list_del corruption. prev->next should be %p, but was %p\n",
+ entry, prev->next);
+ CHECK_DATA_CORRUPTION(next->prev != entry,
+ "list_del corruption. next->prev should be %p, but was %p\n",
+ entry, next->prev);
+ return true;
-/**
- * list_del - deletes entry from list.
- * @entry: the element to delete from the list.
- * Note: list_empty on entry does not return true after this, the entry is
- * in an undefined state.
- */
-void list_del(struct list_head *entry)
-{
- __list_del_entry(entry);
- entry->next = LIST_POISON1;
- entry->prev = LIST_POISON2;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(list_del);
-
-/*
- * RCU variants.
- */
-void __list_add_rcu(struct list_head *new,
- struct list_head *prev, struct list_head *next)
-{
- WARN(next->prev != prev,
- "list_add_rcu corruption. next->prev should be prev (%p), but was %p. (next=%p).\n",
- prev, next->prev, next);
- WARN(prev->next != next,
- "list_add_rcu corruption. prev->next should be next (%p), but was %p. (prev=%p).\n",
- next, prev->next, prev);
- new->next = next;
- new->prev = prev;
- rcu_assign_pointer(list_next_rcu(prev), new);
- next->prev = new;
}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(__list_add_rcu);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__list_del_entry_valid);
--- /dev/null
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Analyze a given results directory for waketorture diagnostics.
+#
+# Usage: kvm-recheck-wake resdir
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, you can access it online at
+# http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html.
+#
+# Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2016
+#
+# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+
+i="$1"
+if test -d $i
+then
+ :
+else
+ echo Unreadable results directory: $i
+ exit 1
+fi
+PATH=`pwd`/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin:$PATH; export PATH
+. tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/functions.sh
+
+configfile=`echo $i | sed -e 's/^.*\///'`
+
+sed -e 's/^\[[^]]*]//' < $i/console.log | grep -e -torture |
+ grep "Tardy kthreads" | tail -1
cat $i/Make.oldconfig.err
fi
parse-build.sh $i/Make.out $configfile
- if test "$TORTURE_SUITE" != rcuperf
+ if test "$TORTURE_SUITE" != rcuperf -a "$TORTURE_SUITE" != wake
then
parse-torture.sh $i/console.log $configfile
fi
shift
;;
--torture)
- checkarg --torture "(suite name)" "$#" "$2" '^\(lock\|rcu\|rcuperf\)$' '^--'
+ checkarg --torture "(suite name)" "$#" "$2" '^\(lock\|rcu\|rcuperf\|wake\)$' '^--'
TORTURE_SUITE=$2
shift
;;
--- /dev/null
+CONFIG_WAKE_TORTURE_TEST=y
+CONFIG_PRINTK_TIME=y
--- /dev/null
+CONFIG_SMP=y
+CONFIG_NR_CPUS=16
+CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE=n
+CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=n
+CONFIG_PREEMPT=y
+#CHECK#CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU=y
+CONFIG_HZ_PERIODIC=y
+CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE=n
+CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=n
+CONFIG_RCU_TRACE=y
+CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y
+CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT=2
+CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_LEAF=2
+CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=n
+CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=n
+CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y
+CONFIG_RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO=2
+CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=n
+CONFIG_RCU_EXPERT=y
--- /dev/null
+rcupdate.rcu_expedited waketorture.torture_type=sh
--- /dev/null
+CONFIG_SMP=y
+CONFIG_NR_CPUS=16
+CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE=n
+CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=n
+CONFIG_PREEMPT=y
+#CHECK#CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU=y
+CONFIG_HZ_PERIODIC=y
+CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE=n
+CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=n
+CONFIG_RCU_TRACE=y
+CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y
+CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT=2
+CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_LEAF=2
+CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=n
+CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=n
+CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y
+CONFIG_RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO=2
+CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=n
+CONFIG_RCU_EXPERT=y
--- /dev/null
+rcupdate.rcu_expedited waketorture.torture_type=sti
--- /dev/null
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Kernel-version-dependent shell functions for the rest of the scripts.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, you can access it online at
+# http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html.
+#
+# Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2016
+#
+# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+
+# waketorture_param_onoff bootparam-string config-file
+#
+# Adds onoff waketorture module parameters to kernels having it.
+waketorture_param_onoff () {
+ if ! bootparam_hotplug_cpu "$1" && configfrag_hotplug_cpu "$2"
+ then
+ echo CPU-hotplug kernel, adding waketorture onoff. 1>&2
+ echo waketorture.onoff_interval=50 waketorture.onoff_holdoff=30
+ fi
+}
+
+# per_version_boot_params bootparam-string config-file seconds
+#
+# Adds per-version torture-module parameters to kernels supporting them.
+per_version_boot_params () {
+ echo $1 `waketorture_param_onoff "$1" "$2"` \
+ waketorture.stat_interval=15 \
+ waketorture.shutdown_secs=$3 \
+ waketorture.torture_runnable=1 \
+ waketorture.verbose=1
+}
projects / deliverable / linux.git / commitdiff
